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Mohammadipour HS, Tajzadeh P, Atashparvar M, Yeganehzad S, Erfani M, Akbarzadeh F, Gholami S. Formulation and antibacterial properties of lollipops containing of chitosan- zinc oxide nano particles on planktonic and biofilm forms of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:957. [PMID: 38041064 PMCID: PMC10693077 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to formulate and characterize the experimental lollipops containing chitosan- zinc oxide nanoparticles (CH-ZnO NPs) and investigate their antimicrobial effects against some cariogenic bacteria. The CH-ZnO NPs were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Then, four groups were made, including lollipops coated with 2 and 4 ml of CH-ZnO NPs, 0.7 ml CH-ZnO NPs incorporated lollipops, and those with no CH-ZnO NPs. Their antibacterial effectiveness against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus was evaluated by direct contact test and tissue culture plate method in planktonic and biofilm phases, respectively. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (CHX) was used as a positive control group. In the planktonic phase, the antibacterial properties of both groups coated with CH-ZnO NPs were comparable and significantly higher than incorporated ones. There was no significant difference between CHX and the lollipops coated with 4 ml of NPs against S. mutans and CHX and two coated groups against L. acidophilus. None of the experimental lollipops in the biofilm phase could reduce both bacteria counts. The experimental lollipops coated with 2 and 4 ml of CH-ZnO NPs could reveal favorable antimicrobial properties against two cariogenic bacteria in the planktonic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Sadat Mohammadipour
- Restorative and Cosmetic Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parastoo Tajzadeh
- Kashmar School of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Samira Yeganehzad
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Erfani
- Radiology Department, Razavi International Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Gholami
- Department of Restorative and Cosmetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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In Vivo and In Silico Investigation of the Anti-Obesity Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Combined with Chia Seeds, Green Tea, and Chitosan in Alleviating Hyperlipidemia and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012200. [PMID: 36293055 PMCID: PMC9602495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity has become a demanding issue in both high-income and low-income countries. Treating obesity is challenging as the treatment options have many limitations. Recently, diet modification has been commonly applied to control or prevent obesity and its risks. In this study, we investigated novel therapeutic approaches using a combination of a potential probiotic source with prebiotics. Forty-eight adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were selected and divided into seven groups (eight rats per group). The first group was fed a high-fat diet, while the second group was a negative control. The other five groups were orally administered with a probiotic, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), and potential prebiotics sources (chia seeds, green tea, and chitosan) either individually or in combination for 45 days. We collected blood samples to analyze the biochemical parameters and dissected organs, including the liver, kidney, and pancreas, to evaluate obesity-related injuries. We observed a more significant decrease in the total body weight by combining these approaches than with individual agents. Moreover, treating the obese rats with this combination decreased serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, and liver malondialdehyde levels. A histopathological examination revealed a reduction in obesity-related injuries in the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Further docking studies indicated the potential role of chia seeds and green tea components in modulating obesity and its related problems. Therefore, we suggest that the daily administration of a pre- and probiotic combination may reduce obesity and its related problems.
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Fatahi S, Sayyari AA, Salehi M, Safa M, Sohouli M, Shidfar F, Santos HO. The effects of chitosan supplementation on anthropometric indicators of obesity, lipid and glycemic profiles, and appetite-regulated hormones in adolescents with overweight or obesity: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:527. [PMID: 36064382 PMCID: PMC9442917 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chitosan is one of dietary fiber that has received great attention in improving obesity-related markers, but little is known on its effects on adolescents. Objectives To analyze the effects of chitosan supplementation on obesity-related cardiometabolic markers and appetite-related hormones in adolescents with overweight or obesity. Methods and analysis A randomized clinical trial was performed on 64 adolescents with overweight and obesity, who were randomly allocated to receive chitosan supplementation (n = 32) or placebo as control (n = 32) for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures, lipid and glycemic profiles, and appetite-related hormones were examined. Results Sixty-one participants completed study (chitosan = 31, placebo = 30). Chitosan supplementation significantly improved anthropometric indicators of obesity (body weight: − 3.58 ± 2.17 kg, waist circumference: − 5.00 ± 3.11 cm, and body mass index: − 1.61 ± 0.99 kg/m2 and − 0.28 ± 0.19 Z-score), lipid (triglycerides: − 5.67 ± 9.24, total cholesterol: − 14.12 ± 13.34, LDL-C: − 7.18 ± 10.16, and HDL-C: 1.83 ± 4.64 mg/dL) and glycemic markers (insulin: − 5.51 ± 7.52 μIU/mL, fasting blood glucose: − 5.77 ± 6.93 mg/dL, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: − 0.24 ± 0.44), and appetite-related hormones (adiponectin: 1.69 ± 2.13 ng/dL, leptin − 19.40 ± 16.89, and neuropeptide Y: − 41.96 ± 79.34 ng/dL). When compared with the placebo group, chitosan supplementation had greater improvement in body weight, body mass index (kg/m2 and Z-score), waist circumference, as well as insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels. Differences were significant according to P-value < 0.05. Conclusion Chitosan supplementation can improve cardiometabolic parameters (anthropometric indicators of obesity and lipid and glycemic markers) and appetite-related hormones (adiponectin, leptin, and NPY) in adolescents with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Sayyari
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadhassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Stockton A, Al-Dujaili EAS. Effect of Pomegranate Extract Consumption on Satiety Parameters in Healthy Volunteers: A Preliminary Randomized Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172639. [PMID: 36076824 PMCID: PMC9455635 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in nutraceuticals and functional foods in reducing appetite and to lose weight. We assessed the effect of oral pomegranate extract (PE) and PE juice (PJ) intake vs. placebo on satiety parameters in healthy volunteers. Twenty-eight subjects (mean age 34.5 ± 13.7 years, body mass index [BMI] 25.05 ± 3.91 kg/m2) were randomized to 3-week priming supplementation with PE (Pomanox®) or placebo. On week 3, satiety parameters were determined on 1 testing day after participants ingested a breakfast and a lunch meal with PJ juice, using 100-mm visual acuity scales (VAS) for hunger, desire to eat, fullness and satisfaction. Meal quality and palatability were also tested. The desire to eat was less at all time points in the PJ juice with PE priming group and participants were also less hungry (p = 0.044) than those who consumed placebo. There was an overall significant difference between the groups (p < 0.001). Participants in the PJ juice with PE priming group experienced significantly greater satisfaction (p = 0.036) and feeling of fullness (p = 0.02) than those in the placebo group. These findings suggest that consumption of PE could have the potential to modulate satiety indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Stockton
- Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emad A. S. Al-Dujaili
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-131-2426777
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Tondt J, Bays HE. Concomitant medications, functional foods, and supplements: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 2:100017. [PMID: 37990714 PMCID: PMC10661915 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) is intended to provide clinicians an overview of the body weight effects of concomitant medications (i.e., pharmacotherapies not specifically for the treatment of obesity) and functional foods, as well as adverse side effects of supplements sometimes used by patients with pre-obesity/obesity. Methods The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results This CPS outlines clinically relevant aspects of concomitant medications, functional foods, and many of the more common supplements as they relate to pre-obesity and obesity. Topics include a discussion of medications that may be associated with weight gain or loss, functional foods as they relate to obesity, and side effects of supplements (i.e., with a focus on supplements taken for weight loss). Special attention is given to the warnings and lack of regulation surrounding weight loss supplements. Conclusions This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on concomitant medications, functional foods, and supplements is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of pre-obesity/obesity. Implementation of appropriate practices in these areas may improve the health of patients, especially those with adverse fat mass and adiposopathic metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | - Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288 Illinois Avenue, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
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Chen TC, Ho YY, Tang RC, Ke YC, Lin JN, Yang IH, Lin FH. Thiolated Chitosan as an Intestinal Absorption Carrier with Hesperidin Encapsulation for Obesity Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:4405. [PMID: 34959957 PMCID: PMC8706427 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation harmful to one's health, linked to hormonal imbalances, cardiovascular illness, and coronary artery disease. Since the disease stems mainly from overconsumption, studies have aimed to control intestinal absorption as a route for treatment. In this study, chitosan-thioglycolic acid (CT) was developed as a physical barrier in the gastrointestinal tracts to inhibit nutrient uptake. CT exhibits a superior mucoadhesive property compared to chitosan both in vitro and in vivo for the ability to form disulfide bonds with the intestinal mucosa. For CT as a potential drug delivery platform, hesperidin, a herb for bodyweight control in traditional Chinese medication, is encapsulated in CT and can be released consistently from this absorption barrier. In animal studies, CT encapsulated with hesperidin (CTH) not only results in a weight-controlling effect but limits adipose accumulation by hindering absorption, suggesting a potential role in obesity treatment. Neither CT nor CTH exhibit cytotoxicity or produce adverse immunological reactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chien Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (J.-N.L.); (I.-H.Y.)
| | - Yu-Yu Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (J.-N.L.); (I.-H.Y.)
| | - Rui-Chian Tang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yong-Chen Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (J.-N.L.); (I.-H.Y.)
| | - Jhih-Ni Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (J.-N.L.); (I.-H.Y.)
| | - I-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (J.-N.L.); (I.-H.Y.)
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (J.-N.L.); (I.-H.Y.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Rd., Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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Nutraceuticals and Herbal Food Supplements for Weight Loss: Is There a Prebiotic Role in the Mechanism of Action? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122427. [PMID: 34946029 PMCID: PMC8703584 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous nutraceuticals and botanical food supplements are used with the intention of modulating body weight. A recent review examined the main food supplements used in weight loss, dividing them according to the main effects for which they were investigated. The direct or indirect effects exerted on the intestinal microbiota can also contribute to the effectiveness of these substances. The aim of this review is to evaluate whether any prebiotic effects, which could help to explain their efficacy or ineffectiveness, are documented in the recent literature for the main nutraceuticals and herbal food supplements used for weight loss management. Several prebiotic effects have been reported for various nutraceutical substances, which have shown activity on Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzi, Roseburia spp., and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Different prebiotics have beneficial effects on weight and the related metabolic profile, in some cases even acting on the microbiota with mechanisms that are completely independent from those nutraceuticals for which certain products are normally used. Further studies are necessary to clarify the different levels at which a nutraceutical substance can exert its action.
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Koncz D, Tóth B, Roza O, Csupor D. A Systematic Review of the European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed: Tendencies in Illegal Food Supplements for Weight Loss. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:611361. [PMID: 33574758 PMCID: PMC7870490 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.611361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Slimming products represent a dynamically growing group of food supplements worldwide. The efficacy of safely usable natural ingredients is usually below consumers' expectations. Certain manufacturers add unauthorized or prohibited ingredients to weight loss supplements in order to increase their efficacy. Hence, many of these products are adulterated and may pose a risk to the consumers' health. Aims: The aim of our work was to give an overview on natural ingredients used in slimming products, to summarize the frequently used synthetic adulterants and also to assess the trends of adulterated and illegal food supplements in the European Union based on the warnings of the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) in the time period of 1988-2019. Methods: Reports between 1988-2019 were extracted from the RASFF portal on January 1, 2020. Each entry was individually reviewed. Results: 2,559 records of food supplements with quality problems were identified in the RASFF, several of which [319 (12,5%)] were marketed to facilitate weight loss. 202 (63,3%) contained unapproved, synthetic drug ingredients. The major adulterant (113 of 319, 35.4%) was DNP (2,4-dinitrophenol), whereas sibutramine was the second most frequent adulterant agent (69 products, 21,6%) between 1988 and 2019. Conclusion: The number of approved medicines for the indication of weight loss is relatively low and their efficacy (and also that of the natural ingredients) is limited. Therefore, a significant number of weight loss supplements is adulterated to satisfy patients' expectations. Hence, these products may cause serious adverse effects in sensitive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Koncz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barbara Tóth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Medical School, Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Roza
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Medical School, Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Medical School, Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Zaitsev SY, Savina AA, Volnin AA, Voronina OA, Bogolyubova NV. Comparative Study of the Water-Soluble Antioxidants in Fodder Additives and Sheep Blood Serum by Amperometric and Biochemical Methods. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071186. [PMID: 32668800 PMCID: PMC7401643 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Feed additives are widely used to enrich animal diets in order to optimize digestive and metabolic processes. However, variations in the technology of preparation of even single-component compositions can play a significant role in the effects of their use. The effects of chitosan as a feed additive for animals on various digestive processes are important to study because of the animal nutrition and production quality, healthcare and farming, etc. We studied the antioxidant activity of various feed components: chitosan from various manufacturers and a high protein microbiologic synthesis concentrate by amperometric method. The antioxidant activity values in the rumen content and sheep blood were then examined and evaluated using these feed additives in the diet. The animal experiments were carried out on six rumen-fistulated ewes (in three groups). The particular tendencies of correlation value changes of the antioxidant activity vs. major biochemical parameters of a blood serum of rumen-fistulated ewes (in three groups) or some indicators of the rumen content were obtained for the first time. These data and correlations can be useful for understanding of the features of the sheep antioxidant status and for the evaluation of the feed additives and factors in sheep nutrition. Abstract The effects of chitosan as feed additive for animals (FAFAs) on various digestive processes are an important to study because of the animal nutrition and production quality, healthcare and farming. The aims of this study were to evaluate the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) of chitosan and high protein microbiologically synthesized concentrate as FAFAs; to assess the effect of these FAFAs on TAWSA values, parameters of sheep blood serum and rumen content by biochemical, physical and chemical methods. The laboratory studies of TAWSA values of feed components based on chitosan from different manufacturers or/and a high-protein concentrate were implemented. The animal experiments were carried out on six rumen-fistulated ewes (in three rounds of 14 days each, i.e., three groups) to confirm the results of the laboratory studies. The particular differences of the TAWSA of sheep blood by using both FAFAs by amperometric method were determined. A strong negative correlation −0.67 (or −0.86) was observed between TAWSA and the total protein (globulin’s) content in the blood for the Group 3 of animals. A moderate (0.40) or strong (0.73) positive correlation between TAWSA and total protein content in the blood for the Group 2 of animals than weak correlation 0.23 (or 0.26) for the control Group 1. In conclusion, the correlations between the value changes of TAWSA vs. major biochemical parameters of a blood serum of rumen-fistulated ewes (Group 3 > Group 2 > Group 1) or some indicators of the rumen content (ingesta pH, total content of volatile fatty acids, etc.) were found for the first time.
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Teng L, Lee EL, Zhang L, Barnes J. Herbal preparations for weight loss in adults. Hippokratia 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lida Teng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Department of Health Economics and Outcomes Research; Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan 113-0033
| | - E Lyn Lee
- University of Auckland; Pharmacy Department; 85 Park Road, Grafton Auckland New Zealand 1023
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM); Dongfang Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College); No. 6, District 1, Fangxingyuan Fangzhuang, Fengtai District Beijing China 100078
| | - Joanne Barnes
- University of Auckland; School of Pharmacy; Private Bag 92019 Grafton Campus Auckland New Zealand
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Peshuk L, Gorbach O, Galenko O, Vovk L. EFFICIENCY OF USING THE ANIMAL PROTEIN COMPLEX IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF COOKED SAUSAGE. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v13i1.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The research is dedicated to the development of recipes of cooked sausages and their diversification through including in the recipes poultry meat, and by-products of processing meat and milk. The meat products most affordable and popular with the Ukrainian people are selected for the study: cooked sausages and poultry meat wieners. The main components of the recipes are: red poultry meat, mechanically deboned poultry meat, medium-fat pork. In the recipes of the products developed, 10 % of the basic raw material was replaced with a hydrated protein-carbohydrate-mineral supplement. According to its physico-chemical characteristics, the protein-carbohydrate-mineral supplement in the technology of cooked sausage products allows us to get ready-made products with excellent quality parameters. It has been established that adding protein-carbohydrate-mineral supplement to the formulation significantly effects on the physico-chemical, functional, and technological parameters and biological value of meat products. The experimental data obtained show that the moisture content of the fresh stuffing for the sausages Kuryacha and the wieners Videnski is by 0.9 and 1.7%, respectively, higher than that in the control samples. The water-binding power in the fresh stuffing of the control samples is by 5% lower than in the test samples. In the finished product, the moisture-holding capacity is higher in the test samples (by 5.9% in the sausages Kuryacha, by 3.8% in the wieners Videnski). The study has shown that the amino acid score difference coefficient (AASDC) in the control sample of cooked sausage was by 11.2% higher than in the sample of the cooked sausage Kuryacha. In the control sausages, it was 13.0% higher than in the Videnski wieners. The developed cooked sausage products with the protein-carbohydrate-mineral supplement can be introduced into production as functional products with improved biological value.
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Barrea L, Altieri B, Polese B, De Conno B, Muscogiuri G, Colao A, Savastano S. Nutritionist and obesity: brief overview on efficacy, safety, and drug interactions of the main weight-loss dietary supplements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2019; 9:32-49. [PMID: 31391923 PMCID: PMC6683127 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-019-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years the use of dietary supplements as adjuvant therapy for weight loss gained growing favor among consumers and dietician-nutritionists, with the subsequent astounding increase in health costs. Despite the reassuring label of natural remedy for losing weight, dietary supplements contain a wide variety of ingredients on which available information is rather scanty and scientifically incomplete. Currently, there is little evidence that weight-loss supplements offer effective aids to reduce weight and meet criteria for recommended use. Robust, randomized, placebo-controlled studies to provide clear-cut scientific evidence of their efficacy and potential side effects in clinical practice are still lacking. Understanding the evidence for the efficacy, safety, and quality of these supplements among nutritionists and physicians is critical to counsel patients appropriately, especially considering the risk of serious adverse effects and interference with concomitant therapies. Detailed information on the efficacy and safety of the most commonly used weight-loss dietary supplements has been recently published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). However, in this report the thorny issue that may result from drug interactions with weight-loss dietary supplements has been not sufficiently addressed. The aim of this review was to provide a synthetic, evidence-based report on efficacy and safety of the most commonly used ingredients in dietary supplements marketed for weight loss, particularly focusing on their possible drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Polese
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara De Conno
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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A Meta-Analysis on Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials Evaluating the Effect of the Dietary Supplement Chitosan on Weight Loss, Lipid Parameters and Blood Pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54060109. [PMID: 30545156 PMCID: PMC6306953 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54060109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Erratic results have been published concerning the influence of the dietary supplement chitosan used as a complementary remedy to decrease the body weight of overweight and obese people. The published articles mention as secondary possible benefits of usage of chitosan the improvement of blood pressure and serum lipids status. We performed a meta-analysis evaluating body weight, body mass index, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure among overweight and obese patients. Materials and Methods: Searching MEDLINE, Cochrane up to December 2017 on clinical trials that have assessed the influence of chitosan used as a dietary supplement on overweight and obese patients. An additional study was identified in the References section of another meta-analysis. A total of 14 randomised control trials (RCT) were used to assess the effect on body weight, serum lipids and blood pressure. Results: The usage of chitosan as a dietary supplement up to 52 weeks seems to slightly reduce the body weight (-1.01 kg, 95% CI: -1.67 to -0.34). Considering the other parameters studied, the most significant improvement was observed in systolic and diastolic blood pressure: -2.68 mm Hg (95% CI: -4.19 to -1.18) and -2.14 mm Hg (95% CI: -4.14 to -0.14) in favour of chitosan versus a placebo. Conclusions: Based on the meta-analysis realized with 14 RCT we concluded that the usage of chitosan as a dietary supplement can lead to a slight short- and medium-term effect on weight loss and to the improvement of serum lipid profile and cardiovascular factors.
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14
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Dai Z, Jafarzadeh SR, Niu J, Felson DT, Jacques PF, Li S, Zhang Y. Body Mass Index Mediates the Association between Dietary Fiber and Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis in the Osteoarthritis Initiative and the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study. J Nutr 2018; 148:1961-1967. [PMID: 30517729 PMCID: PMC6857615 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary fiber reduces body weight and inflammation in clinical trials. It is unclear whether body mass index (BMI) and inflammation might explain the observed association between higher fiber intake and the lower risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (SXKOA). Objectives We quantified the extent to which BMI and inflammation influenced the relation between dietary fiber and SXKOA. Methods We used longitudinal data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) and the Framingham Offspring Osteoarthritis Study. At baseline of each study, men and women (mean age: 61 y) with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis were followed for 48 mo in the OAI. Adults (mean age: 53 y) were followed for 9.5 y in the Framingham study. Dietary fiber intake was estimated using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Measured weight and height were used to calculate BMI. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured in the Framingham study only. Incident SXKOA was defined as new onset of a combination of knee pain and radiographic osteoarthritis. We applied marginal structural models to quantify the mediation through BMI in the OAI and the sequential mediation through BMI and CRP in the Framingham study. Results Incident SXKOA occurred in 861 knees among 2876 persons in the OAI and in 143 knees among 971 persons in the Framingham study. In persons whose fiber intake was ≥21 g/d compared with those with intakes <21 g/d, the OR (95% CI) was 0.70 (0.53, 0.91) for the overall association with SXKOA and was 0.93 (0.92, 0.95) for the mediation via BMI (per kg/m2) in the OAI. In the Framingham study, the overall association was 0.57 (0.30, 1.09), the mediation through BMI (via BMI and the influence of BMI on CRP) was 0.94 (0.85, 1.02), and the mediation through CRP (per milligram per liter) was 0.99 (0.84, 1.19). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the inverse association of fiber intake and the risk of incident symptomatic knee osteoarthritis is partially mediated by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Dai
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Reza Jafarzadeh
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jingbo Niu
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - David T Felson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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15
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Maughan RJ, Burke LM, Dvorak J, Larson-Meyer DE, Peeling P, Phillips SM, Rawson ES, Walsh NP, Garthe I, Geyer H, Meeusen R, van Loon LJC, Shirreffs SM, Spriet LL, Stuart M, Vernec A, Currell K, Ali VM, Budgett RG, Ljungqvist A, Mountjoy M, Pitsiladis YP, Soligard T, Erdener U, Engebretsen L. IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52:439-455. [PMID: 29540367 PMCID: PMC5867441 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition usually makes a small but potentially valuable contribution to successful performance in elite athletes, and dietary supplements can make a minor contribution to this nutrition programme. Nonetheless, supplement use is widespread at all levels of sport. Products described as supplements target different issues, including (1) the management of micronutrient deficiencies, (2) supply of convenient forms of energy and macronutrients, and (3) provision of direct benefits to performance or (4) indirect benefits such as supporting intense training regimens. The appropriate use of some supplements can benefit the athlete, but others may harm the athlete's health, performance, and/or livelihood and reputation (if an antidoping rule violation results). A complete nutritional assessment should be undertaken before decisions regarding supplement use are made. Supplements claiming to directly or indirectly enhance performance are typically the largest group of products marketed to athletes, but only a few (including caffeine, creatine, specific buffering agents and nitrate) have good evidence of benefits. However, responses are affected by the scenario of use and may vary widely between individuals because of factors that include genetics, the microbiome and habitual diet. Supplements intended to enhance performance should be thoroughly trialled in training or simulated competition before being used in competition. Inadvertent ingestion of substances prohibited under the antidoping codes that govern elite sport is a known risk of taking some supplements. Protection of the athlete's health and awareness of the potential for harm must be paramount; expert professional opinion and assistance is strongly advised before an athlete embarks on supplement use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise M Burke
- Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Department of Neurology, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Enette Larson-Meyer
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences (Human Nutrition), University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mount Claremont, Australia
| | | | - Eric S Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, Messiah College, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neil P Walsh
- College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Ina Garthe
- The Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sport, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Geyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Lucas J C van Loon
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lawrence L Spriet
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alan Vernec
- Department of Science and Medicine, World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Vidya M Ali
- Medical and Scientific Commission, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Gm Budgett
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Margo Mountjoy
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Health and Performance, Centre University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Medical and Scientific Commission Games Group, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- Medical and Scientific Commission, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Torbjørn Soligard
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Uğur Erdener
- Medical and Scientific Commission, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Lütjohann D, Marinova M, Wolter K, Willinek W, Bitterlich N, Coenen M, Coch C, Stellaard F. Influence of Chitosan Treatment on Surrogate Serum Markers of Cholesterol Metabolism in Obese Subjects. Nutrients 2018; 10:E72. [PMID: 29324705 PMCID: PMC5793300 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan treatment results in significantly lower serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations. To assess the working mechanisms of chitosan, we measured serum surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption (campesterol, sitosterol, cholestanol), synthesis (lathosterol, lanosterol, desmosterol), and degradation to bile acids (7α-hydroxy-cholesterol, 27-hydroxy-cholesterol), corrected for cholesterol concentration (R_sterols). Over 12 weeks, 116 obese subjects (Body Mass Index, BMI 31.7, range 28.1-38.9 kg/m²) were studied under chitosan (n = 61) and placebo treatments (n = 55). The participants were briefly educated regarding improvement of nutrition quality and energy expenditure. Daily chitosan intake was 3200 mg. Serum LDL cholesterol concentration decreased significantly more (p = 0.0252) under chitosan (-8.67 ± 18.18 mg/dL, 5.6%) than under placebo treatment (-1.00 ± 24.22 mg/dL, 0.9%). This reduction was not associated with the expected greater decreases in markers of cholesterol absorption under chitosan treatment. Also, increases in markers of cholesterol synthesis and bile acid synthesis under chitosan treatment were not any greater than under placebo treatment. In conclusion, a significant selective reduction of serum LDL cholesterol under chitosan treatment is neither associated with a reduction of serum surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption, nor with increases of markers for cholesterol and bile acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Milka Marinova
- Department of Radiology, University Clinics of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Karsten Wolter
- Department of Radiology, University Clinics of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Winfried Willinek
- Department of Radiology, University Clinics of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology, Sonography and Nuclear Medicine, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Trier, D-54292 Trier, Germany.
| | - Norman Bitterlich
- Medizin & Service GmbH, Abt. Biostatistik, Boettcherstraße 10, D-09117 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Martin Coenen
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christoph Coch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Frans Stellaard
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.
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17
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Huang H, Zou Y, Chi H. Quantitative assessment of the effects of chitosan intervention on blood pressure control. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 12:67-75. [PMID: 29343944 PMCID: PMC5749570 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s148064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Chitosan is a popular dietary fiber often used to reduce dietary fat absorption to control weight and blood lipids. However, its effects on blood pressure (BP) have not been fully elucidated. We evaluated the effects of chitosan administration on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) through a pooled analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Materials and methods Electronic searches were conducted in Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EMBASE to identify relevant human placebo-control RCTs. Trials that reported BP changes from baseline to study endpoint in patients receiving treatment of chitosan were included for analysis. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CIs were pooled using fixed-effects or random-effects models. Statistical heterogeneity, prespecified subgroup, publication bias, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression assessments were also tested. Results Six hundred and seventeen participants from eight trials with 10 arms were included. Overall, chitosan administration did not significantly lower SBP (WMD: -1.41 mmHg, 95% CI: -3.29 to 0.47; P=0.14) and DBP (WMD: -0.61 mmHg, 95% CI: -1.75 to 0.52; P=0.29). However, our subgroup analyses indicated that chitosan consumption significantly reduced DBP in shorter-term (<12 weeks) and higher-dose (>2.4 g/day) arms. Funnel plots or Egger's tests analysis (P=0.36 and 0.43 for SBP and DBP, respectively) demonstrated that there was no significant publication bias in this study. Conclusion This meta-analysis indicates that chitosan consumption significantly decreases DBP at higher dosage and in shorter-term interventions, while chitosan has no significant effects on SBP. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously because of the limited eligible RCTs included in this meta-analysis; further large-scale, well-designed RCTs on this topic are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohai Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan.,Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Honggang Chi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan
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18
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Cornelli U, Belcaro G, Recchia M, D'Orazio N. Long-Term Treatment of Overweight and Obesity with Polyglucosamine (PG L112): Randomized Study Compared with Placebo in Subjects after Caloric Restriction. Curr Dev Nutr 2017; 1:e000919. [PMID: 29955677 PMCID: PMC5998772 DOI: 10.3945/cdn.117.000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Short-term treatment of overweight and obesity with polyglucosamine (PG) was found to be more effective than placebo and orlistat in double-blind clinical studies. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of long-term (12-mo) treatment of weight loss with PG and placebo (PL). Methods: This was a double-blind randomized study in 100 participants of both sexes with a body mass index (in kg/m2) >30 to <35. One group of 50 participants was treated for 1 y with PG at 1.6 g/d and a similar group received PL. PG is a combination of low-molecular-weight chitosan with organic acids. Participants were instructed to reduce their caloric intake by 10% and increase the physical activity level by 9 metabolic equivalent task hours/wk. Dietary compliance was checked every 3 mo by using a weekly questionnaire [food intake assessment (FIA)] based on 25 different food servings. Body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), glucose, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were also monitored. Results: Ninety-seven participants completed the study (49 in the PG group, 48 in the PL group). The decrease in calories was similar in both groups, as was the change in number of food servings (P > 0.05, ANOVA). Decreases in BW and WC were 8.0 kg and 10.2 cm, respectively, in the PL group, whereas they were 12.1 kg and 13.3 cm in the PG group (P < 0.001, ANOVA). The decrease in BP, plasma lipids, glucose, and hs-CRP was more evident in the group treated with PG (P < 0.05, ANOVA). The intake of lipids was found to correlate directly with hs-CRP, with the exception of extra-virgin olive oil. Conclusions: PG was found to be more effective than PL in reducing BW, WC, glucose, BP, plasma lipids, and hs-CRP in moderately obese individuals undergoing a 10% caloric reduction and a slight increase in physical activity. Dietary monitoring with the use of an FIA was an effective tool in supporting dietary compliance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as U111111292405 (WHO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Cornelli
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | | | - Martino Recchia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Lugano-Swiss, Milan, Italy
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19
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Dai Z, Lu N, Niu J, Felson DT, Zhang Y. Dietary Fiber Intake in Relation to Knee Pain Trajectory. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 69:1331-1339. [PMID: 27899003 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary fiber may reduce knee pain, in part by lowering body weight and reducing inflammation. In this study, we assessed whether fiber intake was associated with patterns of knee pain development. METHODS In a prospective, multicenter cohort of 4,796 men and women ages 45-79 years with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis, participants underwent annual followups for 8 years. Dietary fiber intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain trajectories, which were assessed for associations with dietary fiber intake using polytomous regression models. RESULTS Of the eligible participants (4,470 persons and 8,940 knees, mean ± SD age 61.3 ± 9.1 years, 58% women), 4.9% underwent knee replacement and were censored at the time of surgery. Four distinct knee pain patterns were identified: no pain (34.5%), mild pain (38.1%), moderate pain (21.2%), and severe pain (6.2%). Dietary total fiber was inversely related to membership in the moderate or severe pain groups (P ≤ 0.006 for trend for both). Subjects in the highest versus those in the lowest quartile of total fiber intake had a lower risk of belonging to the moderate pain pattern group (odds ratio [OR] 0.76 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.61-0.93]) and severe pain pattern group (OR 0.56 [95% CI 0.41-0.78]). Similar results were found with grain fiber and these 2 pain pattern groups. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a high intake of dietary total or grain fiber, particularly the recommended daily fiber average intake of 25 gm per day, is associated with a lower risk of developing moderate or severe knee pain over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Dai
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Na Lu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingbo Niu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David T Felson
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Cicero AF, Colletti A, Bajraktari G, Descamps O, Djuric DM, Ezhov M, Fras Z, Katsiki N, Langlois M, Latkovskis G, Panagiotakos DB, Paragh G, Mikhailidis DP, Mitchenko O, Paulweber B, Pella D, Pitsavos C, Reiner Ž, Ray KK, Rizzo M, Sahebkar A, Serban MC, Sperling LS, Toth PP, Vinereanu D, Vrablík M, Wong ND, Banach M. Lipid lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:965-1005. [PMID: 28883839 PMCID: PMC5575230 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.69326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F.G. Cicero
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut)
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut)
| | - Gani Bajraktari
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo; Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo; Kosovo Society of Caridology
| | - Olivier Descamps
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian“, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Association for Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Research
| | - Dragan M. Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian“, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Association for Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Research
| | - Marat Ezhov
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Centre, Moscow, Russia; Russian National Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Zlatko Fras
- Preventive Cardiology Unit, Department of Vascular Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; Chair for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenian Society of Cardiology
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michel Langlois
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium; Belgian Atheroclerosis Society
| | - Gustavs Latkovskis
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Baltic Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Hungarian Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Olena Mitchenko
- 13Dyslipidaemia Department, Institute of Cardiology AMS of Ukraine, Ukraine; Ukrainian Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Atheroclerosis Society (AAS)
| | - Daniel Pella
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Košice, Slovakia; Slovak Association of Atherosclerosis
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece; Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Željko Reiner
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Croatian Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Kausik K. Ray
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maria-Corina Serban
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laurence S. Sperling
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peter P. Toth
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA; Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois, USA
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Cardiology, University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania; Romanian Society of Cardiology
| | - Michal Vrablík
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Czech Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Nathan D. Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland; Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group; Polish Lipid Association (PoLA)
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21
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Wu S, Pan H, Tan S, Ding C, Huang G, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. In vitro inhibition of lipid accumulation induced by oleic acid and in vivo pharmacokinetics of chitosan microspheres (CTMS) and chitosan-capsaicin microspheres (CCMS). Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1331658. [PMID: 28659743 PMCID: PMC5475299 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1331658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and capsaicin are compounds extracted from natural products and have been indicated to lower body weight and prevent fatty liver. However, their applications are limited by poor oral bioavailability, low compliance and some serious side effects. To solve these problems, we successfully prepared chitosan microspheres (CTMS) and chitosan-capsaicin microspheres (CCMS) in previous study. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the ability of CTMS and CCMS to eliminate lipid accumulation in hepatocytesand also characterized their pharmacokinetic parameters after administration. The results showed that the two microspheres could significantly reduce intracellular lipid accumulation and dose-dependently improve the triglyceride (TG) content in HepG2 cells. A pharmacokinetic study indicated that CTMS and CCMS were distributed in almost all of the measured tissues, especially liver and kidney, and that their absorption was better than those of chitosan and capsaicin. Simultaneously, the prolonged circulating half-lives, the lower clearance and higher plasma concentration of CTMS and CCMS showed that their bioavailability was effectively enhanced. All of the results indicated that the lipid accumulation inhibition of CTMS and CCMS was better than that of chitosan and capsaicin, and that these microspheres can be developed as preventive agents for fatty liver or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Wu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational-Technical School, Guangzhou, China.,Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Centre for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sirong Tan
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guidong Huang
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Jang Y, Je YT, Yun CW, Chung H. Chitosan dosage regimen to trap fecal oil excretion after peroral lipase inhibitor administration in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 94:484-491. [PMID: 27746355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the oil entrapment and systemic oil absorption-reducing activities of chitosan. High-molecular-weight chitosan formed gel aggregates with oil and bile salts in vitro. The oil/chitosan ratio and the molecular weight of chitosan were optimized for the in vivo study, and a molecular weight >100,000 was effective in reducing the oil contamination of mouse fur. The oil/chitosan weight ratio required for effective oil entrapment was less than 13 and 5 in the in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. Chitosan administration was most effective during meals, and high-molecular-weight chitosan could trap and facilitate the reduction of systemic absorption of oil droplets separated by orlistat. The activity of the lipase inhibitor was not altered by chitosan as evidenced by thin layer chromatography, and orlistat was not absorbed systemically by the co-administration of chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Jang
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Je
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Won Yun
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hesson Chung
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Cicero AFG, Colletti A. Role of phytochemicals in the management of metabolic syndrome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1134-44. [PMID: 26778479 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) for some years has been focusing on what is now commonly referred to as an "epidemic of obesity and diabetes" ("diabesity"): behind this outbreak, there are several risk factors grouped in what is called "metabolic syndrome" (MetS). The basis of this "epidemic" is either a diet too often characterized by excessive consumption of saturated and trans-esterified fatty acids, simple sugars and salt, either a sedentary lifestyle. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to focus on the phytochemicals that have a more positive effect on the treatment and/or prevention of MetS. CHAPTERS Treatment strategies for MetS include pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options, with varying degrees of success rate. The first is indicated for patients with high cardiovascular risk, while the second one is the most cost-effective preventive approach for subjects with borderline parameters and for patients intolerant to pharmacological therapy. MetS non-pharmacological treatments could involve the use of nutraceuticals, most of which has plant origins (phytochemicals), associated with lifestyle improvement. The chapter will discuss the available evidence on soluble fibres from psyllium and other sources, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and other cinnamon phytochemicals, berberine, corosolic acid from banaba, charantin from bitter gourd, catechins and flavonols from green tea and cocoa. Vegetable omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alliin from garlic, soy peptides, and curcumin from curcuma longa. CONCLUSION Some nutraceuticals, when adequately dosed, should improve a number of the MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Reynés B, Serrano A, Petrov PD, Ribot J, Chetrit C, Martínez-Puig D, Bonet ML, Palou A. Anti-obesity and insulin-sensitising effects of a glycosaminoglycan mix. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Abstract
As the most significant cause of death worldwide, obesity has become one of the world's most important public health problems, but approved anti-obesity drugs are extremely limited. This article summarizes the feeding control circuits and regulators involved in obesity development, highlight the hypothalamus, melanocortin system and brain-gut peptide actions in this process, and the five US FDA approved anti-obesity medications in long term use, namely phentermine/topiramate, lorcaserin, naltrexone/bupropion, liraglutide and orlistat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Pharmacy Department, PLA General Hospital
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A single oral dose of a polyglucosamine influences the bioavailability of [9-(14)C]-Oleic acid in adult female Göttingen minipigs. BMC OBESITY 2016; 3:18. [PMID: 26989489 PMCID: PMC4793533 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Worldwide obesity has nearly doubled since 1980 and is a leading risk for global deaths, profoundly affecting morbidity, mortality, health-care costs, and professional and personal quality of life. Treatment of obesity and its consequences include lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Polyglucosamines have been proposed as an alternative strategy for treating obesity, by reducing the amount of absorbed fat through interaction with dietary fat through various mechanisms. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of polyglucosamine on the bioavailability of the model compound [9-14C]-oleic acid in female Göttingen minipigs. Method The study consisted of two treatment groups, each consisting of six adult female Göttingen minipigs with a catheterized vena jugularis to enable frequent blood sampling. One group served as the untreated group (control) and the other group was pre-treated with 2 tablets of 500 mg formoline L112. After 30 min, all animals were dosed orally with [9-14C]-oleic acid. Excreta and blood samples were collected for analysis of radioactivity from 48 h pre-dose up to 144 h post-dosing. At sacrifice, the liver and contents of the gastrointestinal tract were collected for radioanalysis. Results Upon treatment with polyglucosamine (formoline L112), the Tmax of [14C]-oleic acid in plasma was shifted from 4 to 16 h, and the Cmax decreased significantly from 14.1 μg/g to 3.3 μg/g. In addition, upon treatment with polyglucosamine the internal exposure to [14C]-oleic acid as reflected by the area under the curve during the 0–12 h post-dose time interval (AUC0-12h), is significantly decreased to 32.9 % of the plasma value of [14C]-oleic acid in untreated animals. Even up to 24 h post-dose, the AUC0-24h is significantly decreased to 50.7 % of the plasma value in untreated animals and this significant effect is prolonged up to 60 h post-dose. Conclusions This study shows that treatment with polyglucosamine (formoline L112) reduces (as judged by Cmax & AUC) and delays (as judged by Tmax) fat absorption from the gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation and limits peak exposure to free fatty acids which may contribute to a more beneficial condition in overweight humans.
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van der Gronde T, Hartog A, van Hees C, Pellikaan H, Pieters T. Systematic review of the mechanisms and evidence behind the hypocholesterolaemic effects of HPMC, pectin and chitosan in animal trials. Food Chem 2015; 199:746-59. [PMID: 26776032 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibres have diverse mechanisms in reducing plasma cholesterol, which could be useful for treating high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The objective of this review is to determine the state of the evidence for the cholesterol-lowering effects of three selected fibres and their mechanisms, using the most recent animal trials. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), pectin and chitosan in Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. All fibres reviewed reduced total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and LDL-C. Pectin gave a small, and chitosan an impressive rise in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). A limitation of this study is the variety of animal models, each with distinct cholesterol profiles. Possible publication bias was also detected. In conclusion, chitosan seems to be the most promising of the studied fibres. A dietary fibre could be designed that yields the best cholesterol-lowering effect, using experiences in tailoring physicochemical properties and primarily exploiting the biophysical mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toon van der Gronde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Hartog
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3583 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte van Hees
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Toine Pieters
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Freudenthal Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Kubbinga M, Nguyen MA, Staubach P, Teerenstra S, Langguth P. The Influence of Chitosan on the Oral Bioavailability of Acyclovir--a Comparative Bioavailability Study in Humans. Pharm Res 2015; 32:2241-9. [PMID: 25609011 PMCID: PMC4452255 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of chitosan hydrochloride on the oral absorption of acyclovir in humans were studied to confirm the absorption enhancing effects reported for in vitro and rat studies, respectively. METHODS A controlled, open-label, randomized, 3-phase study was conducted in 12 healthy human volunteers. Zovirax 200 mg dispersible tablets co-administered with doses of 400 and 1000 mg chitosan HCl were compared with Zovirax only. RESULTS The expected increased absorption of acyclovir was not observed. On the contrary, mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-12 h) and maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) decreased following concomitant chitosan intake (1402 versus 1017 and 982.0 ng ∙ h/ml and 373 versus 208 and 235 ng/ml, respectively). In addition, Tmax increased significantly in presence of 1000 mg of chitosan from 1 to 2 h. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study in human volunteers did not confirm an absorption enhancing effect of chitosan. Reference values were comparable to literature data, whereas addition of chitosan resulted in significant opposite effects on Cmax, Tmax and AUC. Additional studies are needed to investigate the cause of the discrepancy. The observed variability and complex potential interactions may complicate the use of chitosan HCl in oral pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Kubbinga
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mai Anh Nguyen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Staubach
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Research Center, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Peter Langguth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Pokhis K, Bitterlich N, Cornelli U, Cassano G. Efficacy of polyglucosamine for weight loss-confirmed in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical investigation. BMC OBESITY 2015. [PMID: 26217540 PMCID: PMC4511026 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-015-0053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this clinical study was to ascertain whether low molecular weight chitosan polyglucosamine is able to produce significantly better weight loss than placebo. METHOD 115 participants were included in the study. We used a two-center randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled design. The participants followed a standard treatment (ST), which included the combination of a low-calorie diet achieved through creating a daily calorie deficit (500 cal) and an increased daily physical activity (7 MET-h/week). They were randomized to receive standard treatment plus placebo (ST + PL) or standard treatment plus polyglucosamine (ST + PG), respectively. Participants were instructed to take 2 × 2 tablets before the two meals containing the highest fat content for at least 24 weeks. Body weight, BMI, waist circumference and the time needed for a 5 % body weight reduction (5R) were taken as main variables. RESULTS The average weight loss over a period of 25 weeks in the ITT population was 5.8 ± 4.09 kg in the ST + PG group versus 4.0 ± 2.94 kg in the ST + PL (pU = 0.023; pt = 0.010). After 25 weeks, 34 participants achieved 5R in the ST + PG group (64.1 %) compared to only 23 participants in the ST + PL group (42.6 %) (ITT) (p Fisher = 0.033). Weight loss through hypo-caloric diets have been found to be effective. The additional effect of PG in combination with standard treatment is able to produce significantly better weight loss than placebo. CONCLUSIONS Participants treated with ST + PG showed a significant amount of weight loss, an additional 1.8 kg, compared to controls treated with ST + PL. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial Registration at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02410785 Registered 07 April 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pokhis
- Salztal Klinik GmbH, Parkstrasse 18, D-63628 Bad Soden-Salmünster, Germany
| | - Norman Bitterlich
- Medizin & Service GmbH, Abt. Biostatistik, Boettcherstr. 10, D-09117 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Umberto Cornelli
- Loyola University, School of Medicine-Chicago, 2160 South Fist Avenue, Maywood, IL USA
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Abdullah Thani NSI, Khairudin R, Ho JJ, Muhamad NA, Ismail H. Vitamin D supplementation for overweight or obese adults. Hippokratia 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roslaili Khairudin
- Institute for Medical Research; Medical Research Resource Centre; Jalan Pahang Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 50588
| | - Jacqueline J Ho
- Penang Medical College; Department of Paediatrics; 4 Sepoy Lines Penang Malaysia 10450
| | - Nor Asiah Muhamad
- Institute for Medical Research; Medical Research Resource Centre; Jalan Pahang Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 50588
| | - Hirman Ismail
- Ministry of Health Malaysia; Office of the Director General of Health Malaysia / Medical Development Division; Level 5 Block E1 Complex E Federal Government Administrative Centre Putrajaya Malaysia 62590
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Kristensen M, Bach Knudsen KE, Jørgensen H, Oomah D, Bügel S, Toubro S, Tetens I, Astrup A. Linseed dietary fibers reduce apparent digestibility of energy and fat and weight gain in growing rats. Nutrients 2013; 5:3287-98. [PMID: 23966109 PMCID: PMC3775254 DOI: 10.3390/nu5083287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers (DF) may affect energy balance, an effect often ascribed to the viscous nature of some water soluble DF, which affect luminal viscosity and thus multiple physiological processes. We have tested the hypothesis that viscous linseed DF reduce apparent nutrient digestibility, and limit weight gain, in a randomized feeding trial where 60 male, growing, Wistar rats, with an initial weight of ~200 g, were fed different diets (n = 10 per group): low DF control (C), 5% DF from cellulose (5-CEL), CEL + 5% DF from whole (5-WL) or ground linseed (5-GL), CEL + 5% DF from linseed DF extract (5-LDF), and CEL + 10% DF from linseed DF extract (10-LDF). Diets were provided ad libitum for 21 days. Feed intake and faecal output were measured during days 17-21. Faecal fat excretion increased with increasing DF content and was highest in the 10-LDF group. Apparent fat digestibility was highest with the C diet (94.9% ± 0.8%) and lowest (74.3% ± 0.6%) with the 10-LDF diet, and decreased in a non-linear manner with increasing DF (p < 0.001). Apparent fat digestibility also decreased with increased accessibility of DF (5-WL vs. 5-GL) and when the proportion of viscous DF increased (5-GL vs. 5-LDF). The 10-LDF resulted in a lower final body weight (258 ± 6.2 g) compared to C (282 ± 5.9 g), 5-CEL (281 ± 5.9 g), and 5-WL (285 ± 5.9 g) (p < 0.05). The 10-LDF diet reduced body fat compared to 5-CEL (p < 0.01). In conclusion, DF extracted from linseed reduced apparent energy and fat digestibility and resulted in restriction of body weight gain in growing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; E-Mails: (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Knud Erik Bach Knudsen
- Department of Animal Science—Molecular nutrition and cell biology, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; E-Mails: (K.E.B.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Henry Jørgensen
- Department of Animal Science—Molecular nutrition and cell biology, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; E-Mails: (K.E.B.K.); (H.J.)
| | - David Oomah
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre—Summerland, Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Summerland, British Columbia V0H 1Z0, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Susanne Bügel
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; E-Mails: (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Inge Tetens
- National Food Institute, DTU FOOD, 2860 Søborg, Denmark; E-Mail:
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; E-Mails: (S.B.); (A.A.)
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Qinna NA, Akayleh FT, Al Remawi MM, Kamona BS, Taha H, Badwan AA. Evaluation of a functional food preparation based on chitosan as a meal replacement diet. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Micro-CT imaging of denatured chitin by silver to explore honey bee and insect pathologies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27448. [PMID: 22110654 PMCID: PMC3217983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitin and cuticle coatings are important to the environmental and immune defense of honey bees and insect pollinators. Pesticides or environmental effects may target the biochemistry of insect chitin and cuticle coating. Denaturing of chitin involves a combination of deacetylation, intercalation, oxidation, Schweiger-peeling, and the formation of amine hydrochloride salt. The term "denatured chitin" calls attention to structural and property changes to the internal membranes and external carapace of organisms so that some properties affecting biological activities are diminished. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A case study was performed on honey bees using silver staining and microscopic computer-tomographic x-ray radiography (micro-CT). Silver nitrate formed counter-ion complexes with labile ammonium cations and reacted with amine hydrochloride. Silver was concentrated in the peritrophic membrane, on the abdomen, in the glossa, at intersegmental joints (tarsi), at wing attachments, and in tracheal air sacs. Imaged mono-esters and fatty acids from cuticle coating on external surfaces were apparently reduced by an alcohol pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The technique provides 3-dimensional and sectional images of individual honey bees consistent with the chemistries of silver reaction and complex formation with denatured chitin. Environmental exposures and influences such as gaseous nitric oxide intercalant, trace oxidants such as ozone gas, oligosachharide salt conversion, exposure to acid rain, and chemical or biochemical denaturing by pesticides may be studied using this technique. Peritrophic membranes, which protect against food abrasion, microorganisms, and permit efficient digestion, were imaged. Apparent surface damage to the corneal lenses of compound eyes by dilute acid exposure consistent with chitin amine hydrochloride formation was imaged. The technique can contribute to existing insect pathology research, and may provide an additional tool for research on CCD.
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Poddar K, Kolge S, Bezman L, Mullin GE, Cheskin LJ. Nutraceutical Supplements for Weight Loss. Nutr Clin Pract 2011; 26:539-52. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533611419859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Poddar
- Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanjivani Kolge
- Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lena Bezman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gerard E. Mullin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lawrence J. Cheskin
- Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wanders AJ, van den Borne JJGC, de Graaf C, Hulshof T, Jonathan MC, Kristensen M, Mars M, Schols HA, Feskens EJM. Effects of dietary fibre on subjective appetite, energy intake and body weight: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2011; 12:724-39. [PMID: 21676152 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibres are believed to reduce subjective appetite, energy intake and body weight. However, different types of dietary fibre may affect these outcomes differently. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate the available literature on the relationship between dietary fibre types, appetite, acute and long-term energy intake, and body weight. Fibres were grouped according to chemical structure and physicochemical properties (viscosity, solubility and fermentability). Effect rates were calculated as the proportion of all fibre-control comparisons that reduced appetite (n = 58 comparisons), acute energy intake (n = 26), long-term energy intake (n = 38) or body weight (n = 66). For appetite, acute energy intake, long-term energy intake and body weight, there were clear differences in effect rates depending on chemical structure. Interestingly, fibres characterized as being more viscous (e.g. pectins, β-glucans and guar gum) reduced appetite more often than those less viscous fibres (59% vs. 14%), which also applied to acute energy intake (69% vs. 30%). Overall, effects on energy intake and body weight were relatively small, and distinct dose-response relationships were not observed. Short- and long-term effects of dietary fibres appear to differ and multiple mechanisms relating to their different physicochemical properties seem to interplay. This warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Wanders
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, the Netherlands.
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Olivieri A, Rico D, Khiari Z, Henehan G, O'Sullivan J, Tipton K. From caffeine to fish waste: amine compounds present in food and drugs and their interactions with primary amine oxidase. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011; 118:1079-89. [PMID: 21373760 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue bound primary amine oxidase (PrAO) and its circulating plasma-soluble form are involved, through their catalytic activity, in important cellular roles, including the adhesion of lymphocytes to endothelial cells during various inflammatory conditions, the regulation of cell growth and maturation, extracellular matrix deposition and maturation and glucose transport. PrAO catalyses the oxidative deamination of several xenobiotics and has been linked to vascular toxicity, due to the generation of cytotoxic aldehydes. In this study, a series of amines and aldehydes contained in food and drugs were tested via a high-throughput assay as potential substrates or inhibitors of bovine plasma PrAO. Although none of the compounds analyzed were found to be substrates for the enzyme, a series of molecules, including caffeine, the antidiabetics phenformin and tolbutamide and the antimicrobial pentamidine, were identified as PrAO inhibitors. Although the inhibition observed was in the millimolar and micromolar range, these data show that further work will be necessary to elucidate whether the interaction of ingested biogenic or xenobiotic amines with PrAO might adversely affect its biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Olivieri
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Egras AM, Hamilton WR, Lenz TL, Monaghan MS. An evidence-based review of fat modifying supplemental weight loss products. J Obes 2011; 2011:297315. [PMID: 20847896 PMCID: PMC2931392 DOI: 10.1155/2011/297315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To review the literature on fat modifying dietary supplements commonly used for weight loss. Methods. Recently published randomized, placebo-controlled trials were identified in PubMed, MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar using the search terms dietary supplement, herbal, weight loss, obesity, and individual supplement names. Discussion. Data for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), Garcinia cambogia, chitosan, pyruvate, Irvingia gabonensis, and chia seed for weight loss were identified. CLA, chitosan, pyruvate, and Irvingia gabonensis appeared to be effective in weight loss via fat modifying mechanisms. However, the data on the use of these products is limited. Conclusion. Many obese people use dietary supplements for weight loss. To date, there is little clinical evidence to support their use. More data is necessary to determine the efficacy and safety of these supplements. Healthcare providers should assist patients in weighing the risks and benefits of dietary supplement use for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Egras
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5233, USA
| | - William R. Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Thomas L. Lenz
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
- *Thomas L. Lenz:
| | - Michael S. Monaghan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and particularly noninsulin-dependent diabetes (type 2 diabetes) is an increasingly prevalent condition worldwide with serious consequences of multiorgan involvement and in particular cardiovascular and renal disease. Obesity is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and its incidence has doubled in the past 2 decades among younger adults, adolescents, and children globally. Inflammation and insulin resistance are the underlying mechanisms for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its increased risk of cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary morbidity and mortality. MetS is affecting younger populations with adverse consequences seen in later years. Dietary supplements and herbals are often marketed for these conditions. This article review common herbals and supplements marketed or used by patients with diabetes, obesity, and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadie Najm
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 101 The City Drive South, Irvine, Building 200, Suite 512, Orange, CA, USA.
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Mercer S. How useful are clinical guidelines for the management of obesity in general practice? Br J Gen Pract 2009; 59:863-8. [PMID: 19861030 PMCID: PMC2765838 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp09x472917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health issue and numerous clinical guidelines have been published to support management. One of the most comprehensive guidelines on obesity was published by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in 2006 (NICE guideline 43) which aims to offer practical recommendations based on the available evidence and has a strong focus on primary care both in terms of prevention and clinical care. The current article summarises these guidelines in relation to primary care, reports on new evidence and developments since they were published, and critically appraises the usefulness of guidelines for management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Mercer
- Division of Community-Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow.
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