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Zhang Y, Wang B, Song H, Han M. GLIS3, a novel prognostic indicator of gastric adenocarcinoma, contributes to the malignant biological behaviors of tumor cells via modulating TGF-β1/TGFβR1/Smad1/5 signaling pathway. Cytokine 2023; 170:156342. [PMID: 37651918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
GLIS3 is highly expressed in multiple cancers, but it has not been studied in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Based on bioinformatics analysis, the prognostic significance of GLIS3 in GAC was analyzed. GAC cells were transfected with small interfering (si)-GLIS3 and GLIS3 overexpression plasmid as well as treated with SB505124 [an inhibitor for transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFβR1)] and dorsomorphin [an inhibitor for bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1 (BMPR1)]. The GLIS3 expression was detected using qRT-PCR. The impacts of GLIS3 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of GAC cells were measured using cell function assays. The activation of phosphor (p)-Smad1/5 was tested by immunofluorescence. Western blot was utilized to measure the level of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad1/5 signaling pathway-related proteins (TGF-β1, p-Smad1, Smad1, p-Smad5, Smad5). GLIS3 was expressed at high levels in GAC tissues and cell lines and its high expression could indicate the poor prognosis of GAC patients. GLIS3 inhibition declined the proliferative, invasive and migratory capabilities as well as TGF-β1 expression and phosphorylation of Smad1/5 in GAC cells. Overexpressed GLIS3 promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, TGF-β1 expression and Smad1/5 phosphorylation in GAC cells, with SB505124 reversing the effects of overexpressed GLIS3 on proliferation, migration, invasion and Smad1/5 phosphorylation whereas dorsomorphin exhibiting no influence on GLIS3-induced effects. GLIS3 facilitated the malignant phenotype of GAC cells via regulating TGF-β1/TGFβR1/Smad1/5 pathway, which may be a novel prognostic indicator of GAC and provided a target for GAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of First Operating Room, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250033, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250033, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Min Han
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250033, China.
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Wang C, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Pang C, Liang C, Yuan L, Ma Y. CLDN18.2 expression and its impact on prognosis and the immune microenvironment in gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:283. [PMID: 37582713 PMCID: PMC10428652 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The investigational use of zolbetuximab (IMAB362), a groundbreaking monoclonal antibody medication targeting claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), for treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancers is currently underway. The unclear clinicopathological characteristics and tumour immune microenvironment of CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer (GC) make it difficult to develop and optimize CLDN18.2-targeted therapies. METHODS A total of 451 tumour tissues, 342 matched paraneoplastic tissues, and 107 matched metastatic lymph nodes were collected from GC patients. These specimens were stained for CLDN18.2 expression and quantified using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlations between CLDN18.2 expression and clinicopathological features as well as immune-related factors were analysed. Survival curves were drawn using the Kaplan‒Meier approach, and independent factors affecting GC prognosis were identified using Cox regression analysis. Information from relevant databases was used for corroboration. RESULTS Expression of the CLDN18.2 gene was significantly lower in gastric tumour tissues than in normal tissues (p < 0.001) but comparable in metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.851). CLDN18.2 expression was significantly associated with Borrmann type, degree of differentiation, PD-L1 expression, and survival in GC patients and was identified as an independent risk factor for patient prognosis (HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.16-2.11, p = 0.003). There was no correlation between CLDN18.2 expression and HER2, Lauren type, tumour size, TNM stage, or any other clinicopathological characteristic. In CLDN18.2-positive tumours, fractions of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells were significantly higher than those in CLDN18.2-negative tumours. Patients with CLDN18.2-negative expression and significant CD4 + T-cell or CD8 + T-cell infiltration had the best prognosis (5-year OS: 61.0%, P = 0.036; 5-year OS: 62.2%, P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS CLDN18.2 is expressed at a low level in tumour tissues and serves as an independent prognostic factor for patients with GC. Furthermore, CLDN18.2 correlates with immune infiltrating cells and PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canming Wang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yukai Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuhong Pang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yubo Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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Lu S, Yang Z, Tang H, Sun X, Wang B, Qu J, Wang Y, Yang P, Rao B. Associations between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation and surgical prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100099. [PMID: 35601534 PMCID: PMC9114516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been reported to improve the prognosis of patients undergoing gastrointestinal tumor surgery. This meta-analysis aims to explore the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs on GI cancer patients undergoing surgery. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, EMBASE (until December 2021) was conducted. PRISMA checklist was followed. The data were analyzed by RevMan v5.3.0. Results A total of ten RCTs articles including 663 patients were studied. The analysis demonstrated that the n-3 PUFAs group significantly reduced levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P = 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.00001), tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-α) (P = 0.0003) compared with the control group. and higher levels of CD4+T cells (P = 0.03), CD8+T cells (P = 0.02) and CD4+/CD8+ratio (P = 0.03) compared with the control group. but there was no significant difference in infection complications rate (P = 0.50) and the level of prealbumin (P = 0.80), albumin (P = 0.21), retinol-binding protein(P = 0.80) between the two groups. In addition, the n-3 PUFAs group significantly reduced the length of hospital stay (P = 0.007). Conclusion Our meta-analysis shows that n-3 PUFAs can effectively improve the immune function of patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery, reduce inflammatory response and reduce the length of hospital stay, But it has no significant impact on the incidence of infectious-related complications and the level of nutrient protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Foods for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Zhenpeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Foods for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Huazhen Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Foods for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xibo Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Foods for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jinxiu Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Foods for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Foods for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Benqiang Rao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Foods for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China
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Li Z, Zhao Z, Wang C, Wang D, Mao H, Liu F, Yang Y, Tao F, Lu Z. Association Between DCE-MRI Perfusion Histogram Parameters and EGFR and VEGF Expressions in Different Lauren Classifications of Advanced Gastric Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 27:1610001. [PMID: 35069035 PMCID: PMC8772396 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1610001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the correlations between dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) perfusion histogram parameters and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expressions in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Methods: This retrospective study included 80 pathologically confirmed patients with AGC who underwent DCE-MRI before surgery from February 2017 to May 2021. The DCE-MRI perfusion histogram parameters were calculated by Omni Kinetics software in four quantitative parameter maps. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect VEGF and EGFR expressions and calculate the immunohistochemical score. Results: VEGF expression was relatively lower in patients with intestinal-type AGC than those with diffuse-type AGC (p < 0.05). For VEGF, Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis revealed that Quantile 90 of Ktrans, Meanvalue of Kep and Quantile 50 of Ve provided the perfect combination of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for distinguishing high and low VEGF expression, For EGFR, Skewness of Ktrans, Energy of Kep and Entropy of Vp provided the perfect combination of sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for distinguishing high and low EGFR expression. Ktrans (Quantile 90, Entropy) showed the strongest correlation with VEGF and EGFR in patients with intestinal-type AGC (r = 0.854 and r = 0.627, respectively); Ktrans (Mean value, Entropy) had the strongest correlation with VEGF and EGFR in patients with diffuse-type AGC (r = 0.635 and 0.656, respectively). Conclusion: DCE-MRI perfusion histogram parameters can serve as imaging biomarkers to reflect VEGF and EGFR expressions and estimate their difference in different Lauren classifications of AGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Li
- Shaoxing University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chuchu Wang
- Shaoxing University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Haijia Mao
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zengxin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
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[Profilin 2 is highly expressed in gastric cancer and promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:215-222. [PMID: 35365445 PMCID: PMC8983372 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.02.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of profilin 2 (PFN2) in gastric cancer and assess its potential value as a novel prognostic indicator and a therapeutic target. METHODS We collected gastric cancer and paired adjacent tissues from 100 patients for immunohistochemical detection of PFN2 expression. According to the expression level of PFN2, the patients were divided into two groups with high (46 cases) and low (48 cases) PNF2 expression in cancer tissues, and also into two groups with high (26 cases) and low (49 cases) PNF2 expression in adjacent tissues. Chi-square test, Spearman correlation and KaplanMeier survival analysis were used to analyze the relationship between PFN2 protein expression level and the patients' clinical parameters. We also tested the effects of PFN2 knockdown and overexpression on the proliferation and migration of MKN-45 cells using Transwell assay and CCK-8 assay. RESULTS The expression of PFN2 protein was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues (P < 0.01). PFN2 expression was positively correlated with M-stage of gastric cancer and VEGFR expression in the tumor tissues (P < 0.01). A high expression of PFN2 protein was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients (P < 0.01), and was an independent predictor of the prognosis of gastric cancer. In MKN-45 cells, the cells overexpressing PFN2 showed significantly stronger proliferation and migration abilities than those with PFN2 knockdown (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION PFN2 protein is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues to promote the proliferation and migration of the tumor cells. PFN2 may serve as a potential diagnostic marker, a prognostic indicator and a therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Reddavid R, Dagatti S, Franco C, Puca L, Tomatis M, Corso S, Giordano S, Degiuli M. Molecularly Targeted Therapies for Gastric Cancer. State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4094. [PMID: 34439248 PMCID: PMC8392056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many phase III trials failed to demonstrate a survival benefit from the addition of molecular therapy to conventional chemotherapy for advanced and metastatic gastric cancer, and only three agents were approved by the FDA. We examined the efficacy and safety of novel drugs recently investigated. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched for phase III randomized controlled trials published from January 2016 to December 2020. Patients in the experimental arm received molecular therapy with or without conventional chemotherapy, while those in the control arm had conventional chemotherapy alone. The primary outcomes were overall and progression-free survival. The secondary outcomes were the rate of tumor response, severe adverse effects, and quality of life. Eight studies with a total of 4223 enrolled patients were included. The overall and progression-free survival of molecular and conventional therapy were comparable. Most of these trials did not find a significant difference in tumor response rate and in the number of severe adverse effects and related deaths between the experimental and control arms. The survival benefits of molecular therapies available to date for advanced and metastatic gastric cancer are rather unclear, mostly due to inaccurate patient selection, particularly concerning oncogene amplification and copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Reddavid
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.P.); (M.T.)
- Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery Unit, San Luigi University Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Dagatti
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.P.); (M.T.)
- Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery Unit, San Luigi University Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Franco
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.P.); (M.T.)
- Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery Unit, San Luigi University Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Puca
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.P.); (M.T.)
- Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery Unit, San Luigi University Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Mariano Tomatis
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.P.); (M.T.)
- Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery Unit, San Luigi University Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Corso
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (S.C.); (S.G.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (S.C.); (S.G.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Degiuli
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.P.); (M.T.)
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Niu Z, Zhang W, Shi J, Li X, Wu H. Effect of silencing C-erbB-2 on esophageal carcinoma cell biological behaviors by inhibiting IGF-1 pathway activation. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:194. [PMID: 34233689 PMCID: PMC8265138 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C-erbB-2 has been confirmed to be an oncogene that participates in cell growth, differentiation and division of tumors. We are wondered if its silenced expression can exert an anti-tumor effect. Therefore, this study is conducted to investigate the mechanism of C-erbB-2 silencing and IGF-1 pathway on esophageal carcinoma (EC) cell biological behaviors. METHODS The objects of study were 84 EC patients from Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, with the collection of EC tissue and adjacent normal tissue (> 5 cm away from cancer tissue). C-erbB-2 protein expression in EC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Human EC cell line Eca-109 was purchased from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Based on different transfection protocols, EC cells with logarithmic growth phase of 3-5 passages were divided into blank control group, oe-C-erbB-2 NC group, siRNA C-erbB-2 NC group, oe-C-erbB-2 group, siRNA C-erbB-2 group, OSI-906 group, Rg5 group, Rg5 + siRNA C-erbB-2 NC group and Rg5 + siRNA C-erbB-2 group. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay; cell cycle distribution and apoptosis by flow cytometry; C-erbB-2, IGF-1, IGF-1R and Akt mRNA and protein expressions by qRT-PCR and western blot; and cell invasion and migration by Transwell assay and scratch test. Tumor growth was observed in male BALB/c nude mice (Shanghai Experimental Animal Center) based on Eca109 cell implantation, raising, and measurement. RESULTS C-erbB-2, IGF-1, IGF-1R and Akt expression were higher in EC tissues than those in adjacent tissues (all P < 0.05). Compared with blank control group, both si-C-erbB-2 and OSI-906 groups had decreased IGF-1, IGF-1R and Akt mRNA and protein expressions, decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, prolonged G0/G1 phase, shortened S phase, increased cell apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth (all P < 0.05); while opposite trends were detected in C-erbB-2 vector and Rg5 groups (all P < 0.05), without statistical differences in siRNA C-erbB-2 + Rg5 group (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Silencing C-erbB-2 expression may inhibit EC cell proliferation, promote cell apoptosis and block cell cycle progression by inhibiting IGF-1 pathway activation. The beneficial effect of silencing C-erbB-2 expression can be reversed by promoting the activation of IGF-1 pathway. Findings in our study may provide potential reference for understanding the molecular mechanism of EC and supply possible axis for preventing the development of EC from the perspective of molecular biology.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Gene Silencing/physiology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1
- Transfection
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Niu
- Cardiothoracic surgery department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 Yan'an South Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China.
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Cardiothoracic surgery department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 Yan'an South Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Jialun Shi
- Cardiothoracic surgery department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 Yan'an South Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Cardiothoracic surgery department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 Yan'an South Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Hanlei Wu
- Cardiothoracic surgery department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 Yan'an South Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
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Sun Z, Qiu Z, Wang Z, Chi H, Shan P. Silencing Ribosomal Protein L22 Promotes Proliferation and Migration, and Inhibits Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Regulating the Murine Double Minute 2-Protein 53 (MDM2-p53) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928375. [PMID: 34050122 PMCID: PMC8168286 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ribosomal protein L22 (RPL22) on gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, and its correlation with the murine double minute 2-protein 53 (MDM2-p53) signaling pathway. Material/Methods The RPL22 expression in GC tissues and cells was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RPL22 was overexpressed in the MKN-45 cells by the transfection of a vector, pcDNA3.1 (pcDNA)-RPL22, whereas it was silenced in the MGC-803 cells by the transfection of short interfering (si) RNA (si-RPL22). Flow cytometric analysis, cell viability assays, wound healing assays, and transwell assays were utilized to explore the influences of RPL22 on the apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Nutlin-3 (an MDM2-p53 inhibitor) was used to inhibit MDM2-p53 signaling. Results The RPL22 expression was downregulated in GC tissues and cells. It was significantly lower in the advanced GC tissues than in the early GC tissues, and was significantly lower in the lymphatic metastatic tissues than in the non-lymphatic metastatic tissues. The transfection of si-RPL22 accelerated the ability of GC cells to proliferate and metastasize, whereas apoptosis was dampened. The transfection of pcDNA-RPL22 exerted the opposite effect on the GC cells; MDM2 expression was upregulated in RPL22-silenced GC cells, while the expression of p53 was downregulated. In vitro, treatment with nutlin-3 reversed the promoting effects of si-RPL22 on GC progression. Conclusions In vitro, the silencing of RPL22 aggravates GC by regulating the MDM2-p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhigang Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhengkun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Honghui Chi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Peipei Shan
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Yang H, Xu W. STAT3 promotes peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer by enhancing mesothelial-mesenchymal transition. Biol Chem 2021; 402:739-748. [PMID: 33711213 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a widely-reported oncogene in many human cancers, but its role in the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) has yet to be studied. The expression level of STAT3 in GC patient tissues was assessed. Stable shRNA knockdown (KD) of STAT3 was established in GC cell line AGS, followed by examination of its effect on AGC cell viability and proliferation, xenograft tumor growth, metastatic potential, mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT)-related properties and peritoneal metastasis in a mouse model. The specific STAT3 inhibitor BP1-102 was also employed to verify findings from STAT3 KD experiments. Expression of activated STAT3 was upregulated in GC patient tumor tissues, and further elevated among patients diagnosed with peritoneal metastasis. STAT3 deactivation suppressed viability and proliferation of GC cells in vitro, as well as GC tumorigenesis in vivo. Furthermore, the metastatic properties and production of MMT-inducing factors of GC cells in vitro were also dependent on STAT3 activation. Importantly, STAT3 KD significantly compromised peritoneal metastasis of GC in vivo. STAT3 activation contributes to peritoneal metastasis of GC by promoting MMT, warranting further investigation to explore its potential for GC treatment, in particular among peritoneal metastasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkui Yang
- Department of Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 248-252 Dong Road, Quanzhou362000, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Department of Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 248-252 Dong Road, Quanzhou362000, Fujian, China
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Predictability of Severe Adverse Events in Phase 3 Trials from Safety Information on Phase 1 Trials in Oncology Drug Development. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2021; 55:667-675. [PMID: 33655485 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-021-00266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Safety information obtained in phase 1 trials is becoming increasingly important with the recent changes in the development strategy of oncology drugs, including the skipping of phase 2 or 3 trials before regulatory approval. This study aimed to investigate the predictive factors for severe adverse events (AEs) in phase 3 trials based on phase 1 trial data. METHODS The data on phase 1 and phase 3 trials applied for their marketing approval of the newly approved anticancer drugs in Japan were used for analysis. Regression analyses were performed to investigate factors related to the predictability of the occurrence of severe AEs in phase 3 trials based on phase 1 trial data. RESULTS Thirty-two drugs (80 phase 1 trials and 40 phase 3 trials) were selected for the analyses. As a result of multivariate regression analyses, immune therapy agents (P = 0.009) and a pair of monotherapy in the phase 1 trials and combination therapy in the phase 3 trials (P = 0.017) were associated with low predictability of severe AEs in the phase 3 trials; signal inhibitor agents (P = 0.002) and large number of subjects in phase 1 trials (P = 0.008) were associated with high predictability. A significant relationship between the actual number of subjects in phase 1 trials and the predictability of severe AEs was observed when trials for immune checkpoint inhibitors were excluded (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results should be effectively utilized for the strategic design of early-stage oncology drug development.
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Cascinu S, Bodoky G, Muro K, Van Cutsem E, Oh SC, Folprecht G, Ananda S, Girotto G, Wainberg ZA, Miron MLL, Ajani J, Wei R, Liepa AM, Carlesi R, Emig M, Ohtsu A. Tumor Response and Symptom Palliation from RAINBOW, a Phase III Trial of Ramucirumab Plus Paclitaxel in Previously Treated Advanced Gastric Cancer. Oncologist 2021; 26:e414-e424. [PMID: 33274542 PMCID: PMC7930430 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the intent-to-treat (ITT) population of the RAINBOW study, objective response rate (ORR) was 28% and 16% in the ramucirumab and control arms, respectively. To further characterize tumor response, we present details on timing and extent of tumor shrinkage, as well as associations with symptom palliation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor response was assessed with RECIST v1.1, and quality of life (QoL) was assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) v3.0. Prespecified and post hoc analyses were conducted in the ITT population, patients with measurable disease, or responders, and included best overall response (BOR), ORR, disease control rate (DCR), duration of response, time to response (TtR), change in tumor size, and associations of QoL with tumor shrinkage and BOR. RESULTS In both treatment arms, median TtR was 1.5 months. Responses were more durable in the ramucirumab versus control arm (median 4.4 vs. 2.8 months). In patients with measurable disease (78% of ITT), ORR was 36% versus 20%; DCR was 81% versus 61% in the ramucirumab versus control arms. Waterfall plots demonstrated more tumor shrinkage in the ramucirumab versus control arm. Regardless of treatment, tumor response and stable disease were associated with improved or stable QoL, with more tumor shrinkage associated with greater symptom palliation. CONCLUSION Treatment with ramucirumab plus paclitaxel yielded the highest ORR reported to date for patients with previously treated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Additional details demonstrate robustness of tumor response results. The extent of tumor shrinkage is directly associated with symptom palliation and should be considered when evaluating patient needs and treatment selection. Clinical trial identification number. NCT01170663. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Ramucirumab plus paclitaxel is a recognized standard of care as it improves survival for patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have been previously treated with recommended first-line therapy. These additional data on tumor response demonstrate a positive association between tumor shrinkage and symptom palliation in a patient population that is often symptomatic. These observations included patients with nonmeasurable disease, a group of patients often underrepresented in clinical trials. This knowledge can inform treatment decisions, which align individual patient characteristics and needs with demonstrated benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cascinu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - György Bodoky
- Department of Oncology, St. Laszlo HospitalBudapestHungary
| | - Kei Muro
- Aichi Cancer Center HospitalAichiJapan
| | - Eric Van Cutsem
- Gastroenterology/Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KULeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Korea University Guro HospitalSeoulRepublic Of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaffer Ajani
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ran Wei
- Statistics, Eli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolis, IndianaUSA
| | | | | | - Michael Emig
- Oncology, Eli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolis, IndianaUSA
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12
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Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Anti-Proliferative Activity Against AGS Cells of New 3(2 H)-Pyridazinone Derivatives Endowed with a Piperazinyl Linker. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030183. [PMID: 33668893 PMCID: PMC7996573 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel twenty-three 3(2H)-pyridazinone derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the chemical requirements related to the anti-proliferative effects previously demonstrated within this scaffold. The introduction of a piperazinyl linker between the pyridazinone nucleus and the additional (un)substituted phenyl group led to some compounds endowed with a limited cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and good anti-proliferative effects against gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) as evaluated by MTT and LDH assays, using doxorubicin as a positive control. Successive analyses revealed that the two most promising representative compounds (12 and 22) could exert their effects by inducing oxidative stress as demonstrated by the hydrogen peroxide release and the morphological changes (cell blebbing) revealed by light microscopy analysis after the haematoxylin-eosin staining. Moreover, to further assess the apoptotic process induced by compounds 12 and 22, Bax expression was measured by flow cytometry. These findings enlarged our knowledge of the structural requirements in this scaffold to display valuable biological effects against cancerous cell lines.
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13
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Isoforms of the p53 Family and Gastric Cancer: A Ménage à Trois for an Unfinished Affair. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040916. [PMID: 33671606 PMCID: PMC7926742 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family is a complex family of transcription factors with different cellular functions that are involved in several physiological processes. A massive amount of data has been accumulated on their critical role in the tumorigenesis and the aggressiveness of cancers of different origins. If common features are observed, there are numerous specificities that may reflect particularities of the tissues from which the cancers originated. In this regard, gastric cancer tumorigenesis is rather remarkable, as it is induced by bacterial and viral infections, various chemical carcinogens, and familial genetic alterations, which provide an example of the variety of molecular mechanisms responsible for cell transformation and how they impact the p53 family. This review summarizes the knowledge gathered from over 40 years of research on the role of the p53 family in gastric cancer, which still displays one of the most elevated mortality rates amongst all types of cancers. Abstract Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers, with a median survival of 12 months. This illustrates its complexity and the lack of therapeutic options, such as personalized therapy, because predictive markers do not exist. Thus, gastric cancer remains mostly treated with cytotoxic chemotherapies. In addition, less than 20% of patients respond to immunotherapy. TP53 mutations are particularly frequent in gastric cancer (±50% and up to 70% in metastatic) and are considered an early event in the tumorigenic process. Alterations in the expression of other members of the p53 family, i.e., p63 and p73, have also been described. In this context, the role of the members of the p53 family and their isoforms have been investigated over the years, resulting in conflicting data. For instance, whether mutations of TP53 or the dysregulation of its homologs may represent biomarkers for aggressivity or response to therapy still remains a matter of debate. This uncertainty illustrates the lack of information on the molecular pathways involving the p53 family in gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most relevant molecular and clinical data on the role of the p53 family in gastric cancer and enumerate potential therapeutic innovative strategies.
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Wang H, Lu Y, Wang M, Wu Y, Wang X, Li Y. Roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in gastric cancer carcinogenesis and their effects on cisplatin resistance. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:193-212. [PMID: 33392633 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers with high incidence and mortality rates, its pathogenesis is still not elucidated. GC carcinogenesis is complicated and involved in the activation of oncoproteins and inactivation of tumor suppressors. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is crucial for protein degradation and regulation of physiological and pathological processes. E3 ubiquitin ligases are pivotal enzymes in UPS, containing various subfamily proteins. Previous studies report that some E3 ligases, including SKP2, CUL1, and MDM2, act as oncoproteins in GC carcinogenesis. On the other hand, FBXW7, FBXL5, FBXO31, RNF43, and RNF180 exert as tumor suppressors in GC carcinogenesis. Moreover, E3 ligases modulate cell growth, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle; thus, it is complicated to confer cisplatin resistance/sensitivity in GC cells. The intrinsic and acquired cisplatin resistance limits its clinical application against GC. In this review, we explore oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of E3 ligases in GC carcinogenesis and focus on the effects of E3 ligases on cisplatin resistance in GC cells, which will provide novel therapeutic targets for GC therapy, especially for cisplatin-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yida Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Youliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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Canale M, Casadei-Gardini A, Ulivi P, Arechederra M, Berasain C, Lollini PL, Fernández-Barrena MG, Avila MA. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Gastric Cancer: Potential New Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5500. [PMID: 32752096 PMCID: PMC7432799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. Complex disease heterogeneity, late diagnosis, and suboptimal therapies result in the poor prognosis of patients. Besides genetic alterations and environmental factors, it has been demonstrated that alterations of the epigenetic machinery guide cancer onset and progression, representing a hallmark of gastric malignancies. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms undergo an intricate crosstalk, and distinct epigenomic profiles can be shaped under different microenvironmental contexts. In this scenario, targeting epigenetic mechanisms could be an interesting therapeutic strategy to overcome gastric cancer heterogeneity, and the efforts conducted to date are delivering promising results. In this review, we summarize the key epigenetic events involved in gastric cancer development. We conclude with a discussion of new promising epigenetic strategies for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Maria Arechederra
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maite G. Fernández-Barrena
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías A. Avila
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Wang Z, Liu X, Liu X, Niu D. Long Non-Coding RNA BLACAT1 Promotes the Tumorigenesis of Gastric Cancer by Sponging microRNA-149-5p and Targeting KIF2A. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6629-6640. [PMID: 32801897 PMCID: PMC7402705 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s258178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gastric cancer (GC) is a gastrointestinal tumor. This study is aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of long non-coding RNA BLACAT1 (BLACAT1)/microRNA-149-5p (miR-149-5p)/KIF2A cascade on GC. Methods The expression of BLACAT1, miR-149-5p and KIF2A in GC was detected by qRT-PCR. The proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro were analyzed by MTT, wound-healing and transwell assay, respectively. The xenograft tumor model was constructed in nude mice to confirm the inhibition effect of BLACAT1 knockdown on GC in vivo. Then, dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the interactions among BLACAT1, miR-149-5p and KIF2A. Western blot assay was performed to determine the protein expression of KIF2A. Results The expression of BLACAT1 and KIF2A was up-regulated in GC, but miR-149-5p expression was down-regulated. Silencing of BLACAT1 retarded the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro and the growth of tumor xenograft in vivo. Moreover, BLACAT1 acted as the molecular sponge of miR-149-5p to up-regulate KIF2A expression. At last, feedback experiments suggested that BLACAT1 accelerated the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells by regulating miR-149-5p/KIF2A axis. Conclusion BLACAT1 facilitated the tumorigenesis of GC through regulating miR-149-5p/KIF2A axis, which indicated BLACAT1/miR-149-5p/KIF2A cascade may be a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xichun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongguang Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266000, People's Republic of China
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Yang S, Chen B, Zhang B, Li C, Qiu Y, Yang H, Huang Z. miR‑204‑5p promotes apoptosis and inhibits migration of gastric cancer cells by targeting HER‑2. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2645-2654. [PMID: 32945425 PMCID: PMC7453524 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, with a high incidence and mortality rate. MicroRNAs (miRs) play an important role in tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and metastasis of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanism of miR‑204‑5p in gastric cancer. The mRNA expression levels of miR‑204‑5p in gastric cancer were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Cell proliferation was determined using Cell Counting Kit‑8 and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detect the cell apoptosis rate. Wound healing and Transwell assays were carried out to determine the cell migration and invasion rates, respectively. A putative binding site of miR‑204‑5p in the 3' untranslated region of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‑2) was predicted using a bioinformatics algorithm and confirmed using a dual‑luciferase reporter assay. miR‑204‑5p levels were downregulated in gastric cancer cells. Overexpression of miR‑204‑5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation and decreased cell colony formation. Additionally, miR‑204‑5p decreased the migration and invasion rates of gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, an increased apoptotic rate was detected following overexpression of miR‑204‑5p, along with increased expression levels of Bax and decreased expression levels of Bcl‑2. HER‑2 was a direct target of miR‑204‑5p, and inhibition of HER‑2 acted as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoting cell apoptosis, which was reversed by the inhibition of miR‑204‑5p expression. These results suggested that miR‑204‑5p could exert its anti‑tumor function by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoting cell apoptosis via regulation of HER‑2, which may be a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Binni Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Baogen Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Caiping Li
- Department of Endoscopy Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Yuena Qiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Hanhui Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxin Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
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18
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Nie S, Yang G, Lu H. Current Molecular Targeted Agents for Advanced Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4075-4088. [PMID: 32494161 PMCID: PMC7229784 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s246412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of malignant tumor-related mortality worldwide. Traditional cytotoxic agents prolong the overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) compared to that with best supportive care. Due to the occurrence of serious adverse drug reactions that result in discontinued treatment, the survival benefit in AGC remains unsatisfactory. Systemic chemotherapy regimens have changed greatly, especially since the introduction of trastuzumab. Nevertheless, HER2 positivity is present in only approximately 20% of tumors. Due to the genetic heterogeneity and complexity of patients, there are many studies in progress that are exploring novel targeted drugs as an alternative to chemotherapy or adjuvant treatment in early-stage, progressive, and advanced gastric cancer. On the basis of the differences in gene expression profiles among patients, searching for specific and sensitive predictive biomarkers is important for identifying patients who will benefit from a specific targeted drug. With the development of targeted therapies and available chemotherapeutic drugs, there is no doubt that, over time, more patients will achieve better survival outcomes. Recently, immune checkpoint blockade has been well developed as a promising anticancer strategy. This review outlines the currently available information on clinically tested molecular targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors for AGC to provide support for decision-making in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Nie
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Qin YE, Tang WF, Xu Y, Wan FR, Chen AH. Ultrasound-Mediated Co-Delivery of miR-34a and sPD-1 Complexed with Microbubbles for Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2459-2469. [PMID: 32308482 PMCID: PMC7148163 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s238643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miR-34a was downregulated and PD-L1 was upregulated in cervical cancer; however, the treatment of cervical cancer lacks precision and targeting. This study explored the ultrasound-mediated co-delivery of miR-34a and sPD-1 complexes with microbubbles for synergistic cancer therapy. Methods Cationic lipid microbubbles (CLMBs) were prepared by membrane hydration and mechanical oscillation. U14 subcutaneous xenograft mice were injected with CLMBs-loaded sPD-1 and miR-34a combined with ultrasound targeted destruction, and tumor volume and tumor weight of mice were measured. TUNEL apoptosis test and the mRNA expression of apoptosis-related gene Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Antitumor immune-related cytokines IFN-γ were investigated by qRT-PCR, LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit were performed to test cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Results CLMBs were successfully prepared and the plasmid bound to its surface. The tumor volume and weight were specifically decreased by ultrasound-mediated co-delivery of miR-34a and sPD-1 complexes with microbubbles, apoptosis was induced and the apoptosis suppressor gene Bcl-2 was downregulated and proapoptotic gene Bax were upregulated. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that antitumor immunity-related IFN-γ was strongly upregulated in mice, which were treated with CLMBs-loaded sPD-1 and miR-34a combined with ultrasound targeted destruction, and the percentage of CTL was increased. Conclusion These findings from the study demonstrated that CLMBs could deliver miR-34a and sPD-1, combined with ultrasound targeted destruction, could suppress the tumor tissue growing, induce apoptosis and enhance antitumor immunity in U14 subcutaneous xenograft mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-E Qin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Fan Tang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Rong Wan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Hua Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Yao J, Zhang H, Liu C, Chen S, Qian R, Zhao K. miR-450b-3p inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer via regulating KLF7. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:47. [PMID: 32063748 PMCID: PMC7011310 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of miR-450b-3p in the patients of gastric cancer (GC), and further explore whether miR-450b-3p could inhibit the proliferation of GC cells via regulating KLF7. Methods Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression level of miR-450b-3p in 48 GC patients of tumor tissue and paracancerous tissue specimens collected, and the associations between miR-450b-3p and the clinical characteristics of GC patients were analyzed. Meanwhile, the expression of miR-450b-3p in GC cell lines was verified using qRT-PCR. miR-450b-3p overexpression vectors was constructed in GC cell lines including AGS and BGC-823, and then CCK-8 cell proliferation assay, Plate colony formation assay and EdU assay were applied to analyze the biological function of miR-450b-3p in GC cell lines. Results The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of miR-450b-3p in GC tissues was lower than that in paracancerous tissues, and the difference was statistically significant. Compared with GC patients with high-miR-450b-3p expression, these GC patients with low-miR-450b-3p expression had a higher pathological stage and tumor size. Subsequently, the proliferation ability of GC cells in miR-450b-3p mimic was significantly decreased when comparing with the NC mimic. In addition, qRT-PCR indicated that the expression level of KLF7 significantly decreased after miR-450b-3p mimic. Therefore, it was demonstrated that miR-450b-3p might inhibit the malignant progression of GC via modulating KLF7. Bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase reporter suggested miR-450b-3p was bound to KLF7. Finally, the results of the reverse experiment confirmed that overexpression of KLF7 could reverse miR-450b-3p mimic induced-inhibition of GC malignant progression. Conclusions Generally, miR-450b-3p significantly down-regulated in GC tissues and cell lines, and was associated with the pathological stage and tumor size of GC patients. Meanwhile, miR-450b-3p inhibited cell proliferation in GC via modulating KLF7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yao
- 1Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Hao Zhang
- 1Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, No. 161 Zhenhuailou East Road, Huai'an, 223200 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, No. 161 Zhenhuailou East Road, Huai'an, 223200 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyu Qian
- 1Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, No. 161 Zhenhuailou East Road, Huai'an, 223200 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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21
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Cheng J, Cai M, Shuai X, Gao J, Wang G, Tao K. First-line systemic therapy for advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919877726. [PMID: 31632469 PMCID: PMC6767753 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919877726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic therapy is the standard treatment against advanced gastric cancer. Fluoropyrimidine plus platinum doublet has been recommended as the preferred first-line strategy. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive and hierarchical evidence that compares all eligible literature simultaneously. METHODS Record retrieval was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, ASCO, and ESMO meeting library from inception to October 2018. Randomized controlled trials featuring comparisons between different first-line systemic treatments against advanced gastric cancer were eligible. Overall survival was utilized as the primary endpoint. Pairwise and network calculations were based on a random-effects model and the hierarchical ranking was numerically indicated by P-score. All procedures were conducted according to Cochrane Handbook 5.1 and PRISMA for Network Meta-analysis (Registration identifier: CRD42018084951). RESULTS A total of 119 studies were eligible for our pooled analysis. Concerning general analysis, 'fluoropyrimidine plus platinum-based triplet' topped the overall survival hierarchy (HR 0.91 [0.83-0.99], P-score = 0.903, p = 0.04) while it ranked in second place for progression-free survival and objective response rate. However, it displayed worse tolerability against 'fluoropyrimidine plus platinum doublet'. More specifically, 'Capecitabine plus cisplatin-based triplet plus targeted medication' topped the ranking among all fluoropyrimidine plus platinum-based regimens in additional analysis. Nevertheless, it did not reach statistical advantage against fluoropyrimidine plus oxaliplatin doublet in terms of survival benefits, while still displaying significantly worse safety profile. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, fluoropyrimidine plus oxaliplatin doublet (especially capecitabine or S-1) should still be considered as the preferred first-line regimen owing to its comparable survival benefits and lower toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union
Hospital, Tongji
- Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, No.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union
Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong
- University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
| | - Xiaoming Shuai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union
Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong
- University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
| | - Jinbo Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union
Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong
- University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union
Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong
- University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union
Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong
- University of Science and Technology, No.1277
Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
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22
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Semaphorin 3C as a Therapeutic Target in Prostate and Other Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030774. [PMID: 30759745 PMCID: PMC6386986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The semaphorins represent a large family of signaling molecules with crucial roles in neuronal and cardiac development. While normal semaphorin function pertains largely to development, their involvement in malignancy is becoming increasingly evident. One member, Semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C), has been shown to drive a number of oncogenic programs, correlate inversely with cancer prognosis, and promote the progression of multiple different cancer types. This report surveys the body of knowledge surrounding SEMA3C as a therapeutic target in cancer. In particular, we summarize SEMA3C’s role as an autocrine andromedin in prostate cancer growth and survival and provide an overview of other cancer types that SEMA3C has been implicated in including pancreas, brain, breast, and stomach. We also propose molecular strategies that could potentially be deployed against SEMA3C as anticancer agents such as biologics, small molecules, monoclonal antibodies and antisense oligonucleotides. Finally, we discuss important considerations for the inhibition of SEMA3C as a cancer therapeutic agent.
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23
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Resolution of Gastric Cancer-Promoting Inflammation: A Novel Strategy for Anti-cancer Therapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:319-359. [PMID: 31123895 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The connection between inflammation and cancer was initially recognized by Rudolf Virchow in the nineteenth century. During the last decades, a large body of evidence has provided support to his hypothesis, and now inflammation is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer, both in etiopathogenesis and ongoing tumor growth. Infection with the pathogen Helicobacter pylori is the primary causal factor in 90% of gastric cancer (GC) cases. As we increase our understanding of how chronic inflammation develops in the stomach and contributes to carcinogenesis, there is increasing interest in targeting cancer-promoting inflammation as a strategy to treat GC. Moreover, once cancer develops and anti-cancer immune responses are suppressed, there is evidence of a substantial shift in the microenvironment and new targets for immune therapy emerge. In this chapter, we provide insight into inflammation-related factors, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, pro-inflammatory chemokines, and cytokines, which promote H. pylori-associated GC initiation and growth. While intervening with chronic inflammation is not a new practice in rheumatology or gastroenterology, this approach has not been fully explored for its potential to prevent carcinogenesis or to contribute to the treatment of GC. This review highlights current and possible strategies for therapeutic intervention including (i) targeting pro-inflammatory mediators, (ii) targeting growth factors and pathways involved in angiogenesis in the gastric tumor microenvironment, and (iii) enhancing anti-tumor immunity. In addition, we highlight a significant number of clinical trials and discuss the importance of individual tumor characterization toward offering personalized immune-related therapy.
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24
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Wang L, Wang X, Chen H, Zu X, Ma F, Liu K, Bode AM, Dong Z, Kim DJ. Gossypin inhibits gastric cancer growth by direct targeting of AURKA and RSK2. Phytother Res 2018; 33:640-650. [PMID: 30536456 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gossypin is a flavone extracted from Hibiscus vitifolius, which has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. However, the anticancer properties of gossypin and its molecular mechanism of action against gastric cancer have not been fully investigated. In the present study, we report that gossypin is an Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and RSK2 inhibitor that suppresses gastric cancer growth. Gossypin attenuated anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent gastric cancer cell growth as well as cell migration. Based on the results of in vitro screening and cell-based assays, gossypin directly binds to and inhibits AURKA and RSK2 activities and their downstream signaling proteins. Gossypin decreased S phase and increased G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by reducing the expression of cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 and the phosphorylation of the CDC protein. Additionally, gossypin also induced intrinsic apoptosis by activating caspases and PARP and increasing the expression of cytochrome c. Our results demonstrate that gossypin is an AURKA and RSK2 inhibitor that could be useful for treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Xueyin Zu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fayang Ma
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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25
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Xie H, Lu Q, Wang H, Zhu X, Guan Z. Two postoperative chemotherapies for gastric cancer: FOLFOX4 vs. TPF. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:933-936. [PMID: 30655850 PMCID: PMC6312940 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical effects of FOLFOX4 and TPF chemotherapy regimen on postoperative gastric cancer patients were investigated. A total of 60 patients admitted to the First People's Hospital of Changzhou receiving gastric cancer operation were selected and they were divided into two groups at random. Thirty patients in the FOLFOX4 group were treated with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil and leucovorin, while 30 patients in the TPF group were treated with paclitaxel, fluorouracil and cisplatin. The therapeutic effects, adverse reactions, quality of life and survival time of patients in the two groups were observed. The total effective rate of the FOLFOX4 group was 73.3%, which was significantly higher than that of the TPF group (43.3%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The proportions of neurotoxicity and thrombocytopenia in the FOLFOX4 group were 56.7 and 33.3%, while those in the TPF group were 26.7 and 60%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The increasing proportion of postoperative scores of the FOLFOX4 group was 46.7%, which was significantly higher than that of the TPF group (20%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The 2- and 3-year survival rates of the FOLFOX4 group were 63.3 and 50%, which were significantly higher than those of the TPF group (36.7 and 23.3%), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Therefore, the effective rate of FOLFOX4 regimen is high in the treatment of gastric cancer with relatively fewer adverse reactions, which has a certain advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Qicheng Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xianbo Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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26
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Inhibition of the CCL5/CCR5 Axis against the Progression of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051477. [PMID: 29772686 PMCID: PMC5983686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in molecular and clinical research, patients with advanced-stage gastric cancer (GC) have a bad prognosis and very low survival rates. Furthermore, it is challenging to find the complex molecular mechanisms that are involved in the development of GC, its progression, and its resistance to therapy. The interactions of chemokines, also known as chemotactic cytokines, with their receptors regulate immune and inflammatory responses. However, updated research demonstrates that cancer cells subvert the normal chemokine role, transforming them into fundamental constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME) with tumor-promoting effects. C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) is a chemotactic cytokine, and its expression and secretion are regulated in T cells. C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is expressed in T cells, macrophages, other leukocytes, and certain types of cancer cells. The interaction between CCL5 and CCR5 plays an active role in recruiting leukocytes into target sites. This review summarizes recent information on the role of the CCL5 chemokine and its receptor CCR5 in GC cell proliferation, metastasis formation, and in the building of an immunosuppressive TME. Moreover, it highlights the development of new therapeutic strategies to inhibit the CCL5/CCR5 axis in different ways and their possible clinical relevance in the treatment of GC.
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27
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Kim SY, Yoon MJ, Park YI, Kim MJ, Nam BH, Park SR. Nomograms predicting survival of patients with unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer who receive combination cytotoxic chemotherapy as first-line treatment. Gastric Cancer 2018; 21:453-463. [PMID: 28828688 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-017-0756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some clinicopathological variables are known to influence the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer. A comprehensive model based on these factors is needed for prediction of an individual's survival and appropriate patient counseling. METHODS A nomogram for predicting 1-year survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer in the palliative chemotherapy setting was developed using clinicopathological data from 949 patients with unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer who had received first-line doublet cytotoxic chemotherapy from 2001 to 2006 at the National Cancer Center, Korea (Baseline Nomogram). For 836 patients whose initial response to chemotherapy is known, another nomogram (ChemoResponse-based Nomogram) was constructed using the response to chemotherapy as additional variable. Nomogram performance in terms of discrimination and calibration ability was evaluated using the C statistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow-type χ 2 statistics. RESULTS Two different nomograms were developed and subjected to internal validation. The baseline nomogram incorporated 13 baseline clinicopathological variables, whereas the chemoresponse-based nomogram was composed of 11 variables including initial response to chemotherapy. Internal validation revealed good performance of the two nomograms in discrimination: C statistics = 0.656 (95% confidence interval, 0.628-0.673) for the baseline and 0.718 (95% confidence interval, 0.694-0.741) for the chemoresponse-based nomogram, which showed significantly better discrimination performance than the baseline nomogram (Z statistics = 3.74, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study suggests that individual 1-year survival probability of patients receiving first-line doublet cytotoxic chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer can be reliably predicted by a nomogram-based method incorporating clinicopathological variables and initial response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joo Yoon
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Iee Park
- Center for Gastric Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Center for Gastric Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Nam
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea. .,Biometric Research Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea. .,HERINGS, The Institute of Advanced Clinical & Biomedical Research, 726 Nonhyeon-ro, Room 401 Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06051, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sook Ryun Park
- Center for Gastric Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Yang Y, Shi Y, Hou Y, Lu Y, Yang J. CGB5 expression is independently associated with poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:716-725. [PMID: 29473345 PMCID: PMC5852354 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human CGB5 gene encodes chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)β 5, which is aberrantly expressed in trophoblastic neoplasm and in some non‐trophoblastic neoplasms. Fucntional studies observed that it involved tumor initiation, growth, and metastatic outgrowth. In this study, using data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)‐stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), we assessed the independent prognostic value of CGB5 expression in patients with primary gastric cancer (GC). Results showed that CGB5 expression was nearly not expressed in normal GC tissues. In comparison, its expression was detected in 214 of the 415 primary GC cases (51.6%) in TCGA‐STAD and was associated with poor response to primary therapy and a higher risk of recurrence and death. In early stages, CGB5 expression was not a prognostic factor in terms of OS (HR: 1.448; 95% CI: 0.811–2.588, P = 0.211) or RFS (HR: 1.659; 95% CI: 0.778–3.540, P = 0.190). However, its expression was independently associated with unfavorable OS (HR: 1.719; 95% CI: 1.115–2.651, P = 0.014) and RFS (HR: 3.602; 95% CI: 1.708–7.598, P = 0.001) in advanced stages. Using deep sequencing data from TCGA‐STAD, we found that CGB5 expression was not related to its genetic amplification or DNA methylation in GC. Based on these findings, we infer that CGB5 expression is common in GC patients and its expression might independently predict poor OS and RFS in advanced stages, but not in early stages of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei medical university, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yanjuan Hou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei medical university, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangdong, 523325, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangdong, 523325, China
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29
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Liu D, Ma X, Xiao D, Jia Y, Wang Y. Efficacy and safety of targeting VEGFR drugs in treatment for advanced or metastatic gastric cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8120-8132. [PMID: 29487720 PMCID: PMC5814287 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The value of targeting VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) drugs has demonstrated encouraging anti-cancer activity in advanced solid tumors within current clinical trials. This study aimed to serve as the first systemic review to assess their safety and efficacy according to biochemical characteristics of targeting VEGFR drugs in gastric cancer. We analyzed eight clinical trials on targeting VEGFR drugs in gastric cancer. Results showed that targeting VEGFR drugs significantly improved overall survival (OS) [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.55, 0.83), P < 0.001], progression free survival (PFS) [HR 0.50, 95% CI (0.34, 0.66), P < 0.001], disease control rate (DCR) [Odds Ratio (OR) 3.83, 95% CI (2.39, 6.15), P < 0.001] and significantly decreased the progressive disease rate(PDR)[OR 0.45, 95% CI (0.34, 0.59), P < 0.001], but not objective response rate (ORR) [OR 1.46, 95% CI (0.93, 2.29), P = 0.098]. Further subgroup revealed that VEGFR antibody (VEGFR-Ab) drugs were superior to VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR-TKI) drugs in terms of the OS, PFS and PDR. To determine the toxic effect of targeting VEGFR drugs, the relative risk of adverse events (grade ≥ 3) of special interest(AESIs) were estimated. Most of these were predictable and manageable. Furthermore, less AESIs were observed in the VEGFR-Ab than the VEGFR-TKI drugs. In conclusion, VEGFR drugs were effective targeted therapy in advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, and its toxicity is within a controllable range. VEGFR-Ab drugs were more effective than VEGFR-TKI drugs in terms of the OS, PFS and PDR of gastric cancer patients with little toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanrui Liu
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjie Xiao
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Province Key Lab of Tumor Target Molecule, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Province Key Lab of Tumor Target Molecule, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
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30
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Mawalla B, Yuan X, Luo X, Chalya PL. Treatment outcome of anti-angiogenesis through VEGF-pathway in the management of gastric cancer: a systematic review of phase II and III clinical trials. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:21. [PMID: 29329598 PMCID: PMC5767044 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Advanced gastric cancer poses a therapeutic challenge worldwide. In randomised clinical trials, anti-VEGF has been reported as an essential agent for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. This review aims at assessing the treatment outcome of anti-angiogenesis therapy through the VEGF pathway in the management of patients with advanced gastric cancer. RESULTS During this review, 38 clinical trials were identified. Of these, 30 clinical trials were excluded, leaving eight trials of phase II and III. Ramucirumab, as a second line treatment of advanced gastric cancer, decreases the risk of disease progression (37-52%) and death (19-22%). Compare ramucirumab and bevacizumab in combination with traditional chemotherapy; ramucirumab has shown to improve progression-free survival and overall survival. Apatinib tyrosine kinase inhibitor combined with traditional chemotherapy has shown to improve overall response rate and progression-free survival with marginal improvements in overall survival. Chemotherapy, in combination with anti-VEGF drugs, in the management of advanced gastric cancer significantly improves the outcome of overall response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival when compared to chemotherapy alone. Therefore, we recommend that anti-VEGF drugs are the drugs of choice in the management of patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Mawalla
- Department of Oncology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Phillip L Chalya
- Department of Oncology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Surgery, Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
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31
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Kuboki Y, Schatz CA, Koechert K, Schubert S, Feng J, Wittemer-Rump S, Ziegelbauer K, Krahn T, Nagatsuma AK, Ochiai A. In situ analysis of FGFR2 mRNA and comparison with FGFR2 gene copy number by dual-color in situ hybridization in a large cohort of gastric cancer patients. Gastric Cancer 2018; 21:401-412. [PMID: 28852882 PMCID: PMC5906494 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-017-0758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR2) has been proposed as a target in gastric cancer. However, appropriate methods to select patients for anti-FGFR2 therapies have not yet been established. METHODS We used in situ techniques to investigate FGFR2 mRNA expression and gene amplification in a large cohort of 1036 Japanese gastric cancer patients. FGFR2 mRNA expression was determined by RNAscope. FGFR2 gene amplification was determined by dual-color in situ hybridization (DISH). RESULTS We successfully analyzed 578 and 718 samples by DISH and RNAscope, respectively; 2% (12/578) showed strong FGFR2 gene amplification (FGFR2:CEN10 >10); moderate FGFR2 gene amplification (FGFR2:CEN10 <10; ≥2) was detected in 8% (47/578); and high FGFR2 mRNA expression of score 4 (>10 dots/cell and >10% of positive cells with dot clusters under a 20× objective) was seen in 4% (29/718). For 468 samples, both mRNA and DISH data were available. FGFR2 mRNA expression levels were associated with gene amplification; FGFR2 mRNA levels were highest in the highly amplified samples (n = 12). All highly amplified samples showed very strong FGFR2 mRNA expression (dense clusters of the signal visible under a 1× objective). Patients with very strong FGFR2 mRNA expression showed more homogeneous FGFR2 mRNA expression compared to patients with lower FGFGR2 mRNA expression. Gastric cancer patients with tumors that had an FGFR2 mRNA expression score of 4 had shorter RFS compared with score 0-3 patients. CONCLUSION RNAscope and DISH are suitable methods to evaluate FGFR2 status in gastric cancer. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue slides allowed evaluation of the intratumor heterogeneity of these FGFR2 biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Kuboki
- 0000 0001 2168 5385grid.272242.3National Cancer Center Hospital East Kashiwa, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Christoph A. Schatz
- 0000 0004 0374 4101grid.420044.6Bayer AG, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Koechert
- 0000 0004 0374 4101grid.420044.6Bayer AG, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Schubert
- 0000 0004 0374 4101grid.420044.6Bayer AG, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Feng
- 0000 0004 0534 4718grid.418158.1Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Oro Valley, AZ USA
| | - Sabine Wittemer-Rump
- 0000 0004 0374 4101grid.420044.6Bayer AG, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Ziegelbauer
- 0000 0004 0374 4101grid.420044.6Bayer AG, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Krahn
- 0000 0004 0374 4101grid.420044.6Bayer AG, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Akiko Kawano Nagatsuma
- National Cancer Center, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- 0000 0001 2168 5385grid.272242.3National Cancer Center Hospital East Kashiwa, Kashiwa, Japan
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Nienhüser H, Schmidt T. Angiogenesis and Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010043. [PMID: 29295534 PMCID: PMC5795993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide. Despite improvements in diagnosis and therapy, the overall prognosis remains poor. In the last decade, several anti-angiogenic drugs for cancer treatment have been approved and lately also introduced to gastric cancer treatment. While the initial trials focused only on unresectable or metastatic cancer, anti-angiogenic treatment is now also investigated in the perioperative and neoadjuvant setting. In this review, an overview of the role of angiogenesis and angiogenic factors in gastric cancer as well as anti-angiogenic treatment of gastric cancer is provided. Findings from in vitro and animal studies are summarized and put in a context with translational data on angiogenesis in gastric cancer. The most important angiogenic factors and their effect in gastric cancer are highlighted and clinical trials including anti-angiogenic drugs are discussed. Finally, an outlook of biomarkers for predicting response to anti-angiogenic treatment is presented, the ongoing trials on this topic are discussed and current challenges of anti-angiogenic therapy are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Nienhüser
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Liu C, Sun HN, Luo YH, Piao XJ, Wu DD, Meng LQ, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang JR, Wang H, Xu WT, Li JQ, Liu Y, Wu YQ, Han YH, Shen GN, Jin MH, Zang YQ, Li JC, Fang NZ, Cui YD, Jin CH. Cryptotanshinone induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115398-115412. [PMID: 29383168 PMCID: PMC5777780 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone (CT), isolated from the plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been reported to have potential anticancer effects on human prostate and breast cancer cells. However, the mechanisms of action of CT on gastric cancer (GC) cells are not well understood. Here we investigated the antitumor effects of CT on GC cells and its possible molecular mechanism. We found CT suppressed viability of twelve GC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. CT induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and mitochondrial apoptosis accompanying the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment with ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) blocked CT-induced apoptosis. CT increased p-JNK and p-p38, and decreased p-ERK and p-STAT3 protein expression, these effects were prevented by NAC. Furthermore, a xenograft assay showed that CT significantly inhibited MKN-45 cell-induced tumor growth in vivo by increasing expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (p-JNK, p-38 and cleaved-caspase-3) and reducing expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (p-ERK and p-STAT3) without adverse effects on nude mice weight. In conclusion, CT induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in GC cells via ROS-mediated MAPK and AKT signaling pathways, and this CT may be a useful compound for the developing anticancer agents for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ying-Hua Luo
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xian-Ji Piao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163316, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ling-Qi Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jia-Ru Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Wan-Ting Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jin-Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yi-Qin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Gui-Nan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yan-Qing Zang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jing-Chun Li
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Nan-Zhu Fang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Gongyuan-jie, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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Wagner AD, Syn NLX, Moehler M, Grothe W, Yong WP, Tai B, Ho J, Unverzagt S. Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 8:CD004064. [PMID: 28850174 PMCID: PMC6483552 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004064.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. In "Western" countries, most people are either diagnosed at an advanced stage, or develop a relapse after surgery with curative intent. In people with advanced disease, significant benefits from targeted therapies are currently limited to HER-2 positive disease treated with trastuzumab, in combination with chemotherapy, in first-line. In second-line, ramucirumab, alone or in combination with paclitaxel, demonstrated significant survival benefits. Thus, systemic chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for advanced gastric cancer. Uncertainty remains regarding the choice of the regimen. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of chemotherapy versus best supportive care (BSC), combination versus single-agent chemotherapy and different chemotherapy combinations in advanced gastric cancer. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and Embase up to June 2016, reference lists of studies, and contacted pharmaceutical companies and experts to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs). SELECTION CRITERIA We considered only RCTs on systemic, intravenous or oral chemotherapy versus BSC, combination versus single-agent chemotherapy and different chemotherapy regimens in advanced gastric cancer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently identified studies and extracted data. A third investigator was consulted in case of disagreements. We contacted study authors to obtain missing information. MAIN RESULTS We included 64 RCTs, of which 60 RCTs (11,698 participants) provided data for the meta-analysis of overall survival. We found chemotherapy extends overall survival (OS) by approximately 6.7 months more than BSC (hazard ratio (HR) 0.3, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.24 to 0.55, 184 participants, three studies, moderate-quality evidence). Combination chemotherapy extends OS slightly (by an additional month) versus single-agent chemotherapy (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.89, 4447 participants, 23 studies, moderate-quality evidence), which is partly counterbalanced by increased toxicity. The benefit of epirubicin in three-drug combinations, in which cisplatin is replaced by oxaliplatin and 5-FU is replaced by capecitabine is unknown.Irinotecan extends OS slightly (by an additional 1.6 months) versus non-irinotecan-containing regimens (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.95, 2135 participants, 10 studies, high-quality evidence).Docetaxel extends OS slightly (just over one month) compared to non-docetaxel-containing regimens (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.95, 2001 participants, eight studies, high-quality evidence). However, due to subgroup analyses, we are uncertain whether docetaxel-containing combinations (docetaxel added to a single-agent or two-drug combination) extends OS due to moderate-quality evidence (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.91, 1466 participants, four studies, moderate-quality evidence). When another chemotherapy was replaced by docetaxel, there is probably little or no difference in OS (HR 1.05; 0.87 to 1.27, 479 participants, three studies, moderate-quality evidence). We found there is probably little or no difference in OS when comparing capecitabine versus 5-FU-containing regimens (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.11, 732 participants, five studies, moderate-quality evidence) .Oxaliplatin may extend (by less than one month) OS versus cisplatin-containing regimens (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.98, 1105 participants, five studies, low-quality evidence). We are uncertain whether taxane-platinum combinations with (versus without) fluoropyrimidines extend OS due to very low-quality evidence (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.06, 482 participants, three studies, very low-quality evidence). S-1 regimens improve OS slightly (by less than an additional month) versus 5-FU-containing regimens (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.00, 1793 participants, four studies, high-quality evidence), however since S-1 is used in different doses and schedules between Asian and non-Asian population, the applicability of this finding to individual populations is uncertain. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Chemotherapy improves survival (by an additional 6.7 months) in comparison to BSC, and combination chemotherapy improves survival (by an additional month) compared to single-agent 5-FU. Testing all patients for HER-2 status may help to identify patients with HER-2-positive tumours, for whom, in the absence of contraindications, trastuzumab in combination with capecitabine or 5-FU in combination with cisplatin has been shown to be beneficial. For HER-2 negative people, all different two-and three-drug combinations including irinotecan, docetaxel, oxaliplatin or oral 5-FU prodrugs are valid treatment options for advanced gastric cancer, and consideration of the side effects of each regimen is essential in the treatment decision. Irinotecan-containing combinations and docetaxel-containing combinations (in which docetaxel was added to a single-agent or two-drug (platinum/5-FUcombination) show significant survival benefits in the comparisons studied above. Furthermore, docetaxel-containing three-drug regimens have increased response rates, but the advantages of the docetaxel-containing three-drug combinations (DCF, FLO-T) are counterbalanced by increased toxicity. Additionally, oxaliplatin-containing regimens demonstrated a benefit in OS as compared to the same regimen containing cisplatin, and there is a modest survival improvement of S-1 compared to 5-FU-containing regimens.Whether the survival benefit for three-drug combinations including cisplatin, 5-FU, and epirubicin as compared to the same regimen without epirubicin is still valid when second-line therapy is routinely administered and when cisplatin is replaced by oxaliplatin and 5-FU by capecitabine is questionable. Furthermore, the magnitude of the observed survival benefits for the three-drug regimens is not large enough to be clinically meaningful as defined recently by the American Society for Clinical Oncology (Ellis 2014). In contrast to the comparisons in which a survival benefit was observed by adding a third drug to a two-drug regimen at the cost of increased toxicity, the comparison of regimens in which another chemotherapy was replaced by irinotecan was associated with a survival benefit (of borderline statistical significance), but without increased toxicity. For this reason irinotecan/5-FU-containing combinations are an attractive option for first-line treatment. Although they need to be interpreted with caution, subgroup analyses of one study suggest that elderly people have a greater benefit form oxaliplatin, as compared to cisplatin-based regimens, and that people with locally advanced disease or younger than 65 years might benefit more from a three-drug regimen including 5-FU, docetaxel, and oxaliplatin as compared to a two-drug combination of 5-FU and oxaliplatin, a hypothesis that needs further confirmation. For people with good performance status, the benefit of second-line chemotherapy has been established in several RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dorothea Wagner
- Lausanne University Hospitals and ClinicsDepartment of OncologyRue du Bugnon 46LausanneSwitzerland1011
| | - Nicholas LX Syn
- National University Cancer InstituteDepartment of Haematology‐Oncology1E Kent Ridge RoadNUHS Tower Block, Level 7SingaporeSingapore119228
| | - Markus Moehler
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityDepartment of Internal MedicineLangenbeckstrasse 1MainzGermany55131
| | - Wilfried Grothe
- Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergDepartment of Internal Medicine IErnst‐Grube‐Str. 40Halle/SaaleGermany06097
| | - Wei Peng Yong
- National University Cancer InstituteDepartment of Haematology‐Oncology1E Kent Ridge RoadNUHS Tower Block, Level 7SingaporeSingapore119228
| | - Bee‐Choo Tai
- National University of SingaporeSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health12 Science Drive 2#10‐03FSingaporeSingapore117549
| | - Jingshan Ho
- National University Cancer InstituteDepartment of Haematology‐Oncology1E Kent Ridge RoadNUHS Tower Block, Level 7SingaporeSingapore119228
| | - Susanne Unverzagt
- Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergInstitute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and InformaticsMagdeburge Straße 8Halle/SaaleGermany06097
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Korourian A, Roudi R, Shariftabrizi A, Madjd Z. MicroRNA-31 inhibits RhoA-mediated tumor invasion and chemotherapy resistance in MKN-45 gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1842-1847. [PMID: 28836853 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217728460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules which modify gene expression by silencing potential target genes. The aberrant expression of RhoA, a small GTPase protein of Rho family, is involved in gastric cancer tumorigenesis. Since miR-31 is a pleomorphic molecule, we evaluated the miR-31/RhoA axis in inducing the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer cells MKN-45. Also, the clinicopathological significance of RhoA was investigated in a well-defined collection of gastric carcinomas which were embedded in tissue microarray blocks. Induction of miR-31 in MKN-45 followed by suppression of RhoA expression resulted in increased sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil, inhibition of cell proliferation, and invasion compared to the control groups. Immunohistochemical analysis in gastric adenocarcinoma patients' samples showed significantly higher expression of RhoA in diffuse versus intestinal subtype tumors ( P = 0.009), poorly differentiated versus well and moderately differentiated tumors ( P = 0.03) and the presence of vascular invasion versus the absence of vascular invasion ( P = 0.04). Our findings suggest a critical role for miR-31, as a tumor suppressor gene, in gastric cancer tumorigenesis by targeting the RhoA. Impact statement Gastric cancer ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. The RhoA gene encodes a small GTPase protein of Rho family (RhoA) that its dysregulation is associated with cell motility and invasion. A strong line of evidence supports the regulation of RhoA by a number of miRs, including miR-31 in tumors. Our findings revealed that miR-31 is involved in gastric cancer tumorigenesis as a tumor suppressor gene. Through down-regulation of RhoA, miR-31 decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in gastric cancer cells. In addition, induction of miR-31 increased sensitivity to 5-FU; thus, increasing its tissue concentrations could be a potential target for treatment of gastric cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Korourian
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- 2 Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shariftabrizi
- 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Zahra Madjd
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14530, Iran.,2 Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14530, Iran
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Mitochondrial protein 18 (MTP18) plays a pro-apoptotic role in chemotherapy-induced gastric cancer cell apoptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56582-56597. [PMID: 28915614 PMCID: PMC5593585 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the severe limitations of chemotherapy is the development of drug resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance remain to be elucidated. Mitochondrial mediated apoptosis is a form of cell death induced by chemotherapy. Several chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to induce mitochondrial fission, and finally activate the apoptosis cascade in various cancer cells. Here, we report that the mitochondrial membrane protein 18 (MTP18) induced mitochondrial fragmentation in gastric cancer cells under doxorubicin (DOX) exposure. Upon over-expression of MTP18, a sub-cytotoxic dose of DOX could sensitize a significant number of cells to undergo mitochondrial fission and subsequent apoptosis. These findings suggest that MTP18 can enhance the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to DOX. Mechanistically, we found that MTP18 enriched dynamic-related protein 1 (DRP1) accumulation in mitochondria and it was responsible for mediating DOX-induced signaling required for mitochondrial fission. Intriguingly, MTP18 expression was downregulated during DOX treatment. Thus, down-regulation of MTP18 expression could be one of the resistance factors interfering with DOX-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.
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Yu J, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wei J, Yang F. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:271. [PMID: 28410575 PMCID: PMC5391568 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy including early-stage cancer. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been reported to have beneficial clinical and immune-modulating effects in the prognosis of GI cancer patients undergoing surgery. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, EBSCO-Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CNKI and Wanfang to identify primary research reporting the effects of n-3 PUFAs compared with isocaloric nutrition on GI cancer patients who underwent surgery up to the end of June 30, 2016. Two authors independently reviewed and selected eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results A total of 9 RCTs (623 participants) were included. The n-3 PUFAs regime resulted in lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.05), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.01), and higher levels of albumin (ALB), CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P < 0.05) compared with the isocaloric nutrition regime. However, there was no significant difference in the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) between the n-3 PUFAs regime and the isocaloric nutrition regime (P = 0.17). And the level of CD8 + T cells decreased compared with the isocaloric nutrition regime (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Our meta-analysis revealed that n-3 PUFAs are effective in improving the nutritional status and immune function of GI cancer patients undergoing surgery as they effectively enhance immunity and attenuate the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
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Long D, Yu PC, Huang W, Luo YL, Zhang S. Systematic review of partial hepatic resection to treat hepatic metastases in patients with gastric cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5235. [PMID: 27858875 PMCID: PMC5591123 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine overall survival and mortality following hepatic resection in patients with hepatic metastases from gastric cancer. METHODS EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for publications involving more than 10 patients who underwent hepatic resection to treat hepatic metastases from gastric cancer and who did not have peritoneal disease or involvement of other distant organs. RESULTS A total of 39 studies were included, involving a median of 21 hepatic resections (range, 10-64). Resection was associated with median 30-day morbidity of 24% (range, 0%-47%) and 30-day mortality of 0% (range, 0%-30%). Median overall survival was 68% at 1 year, 31% at 3 years, and 27% at 5 years. Asian studies reported higher rates than Western studies for overall survival at 1 year (73% vs 59%), 3 years (34% vs 25%), and 5 years (27% vs 17%). Compared with palliative treatment, resection was associated with significantly lower mortality at 1 year (risk ratio [RR] 0.47, P < 0.001) and 2 years (RR 0.70, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with hepatic metastases from gastric cancer may benefit from hepatic resection in case of good physical condition, absence of peritoneal dialysis, and optimum liver function with single metastases. More trials are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Long
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yu
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Yu-Long Luo
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
- Correspondence: Sen Zhang, Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Rd #22, Nanning 530021, China (e-mail: )
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