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Foster J, Pathrose SP, Briguglio L, Trajkovski S, Lowe P, Muirhead R, Jyoti J, Ng L, Blay N, Spence K, Chetty N, Broom M. Scoping review of systematic reviews of nursing interventions in a neonatal intensive care unit or special care nursery. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:2123-2137. [PMID: 38339771 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM(S) To identify, synthesise and map systematic reviews of the effectiveness of nursing interventions undertaken in a neonatal intensive care unit or special care nursery. DESIGN This scoping review was conducted according to the JBI scoping review framework. METHODS Review included systematic reviews that evaluated any nurse-initiated interventions that were undertaken in an NICU or SCN setting. Studies that reported one or more positive outcomes related to the nursing interventions were only considered for this review. Each outcome for nursing interventions was rated a 'certainty (quality) of evidence' according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations criteria. DATA SOURCES Systematic reviews were sourced from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Synthesis for reviews published until February 2023. RESULTS A total of 428 articles were identified; following screening, 81 reviews underwent full-text screening, and 34 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Multiple nursing interventions reporting positive outcomes were identified and were grouped into seven categories. Respiratory 7/34 (20%) and Nutrition 8/34 (23%) outcomes were the most reported categories. Developmental care was the next most reported category 5/34 (15%) followed by Thermoregulation, 5/34 (15%) Jaundice 4/34 (12%), Pain 4/34 (12%) and Infection 1/34 (3%). CONCLUSIONS This review has identified nursing interventions that have a direct positive impact on neonatal outcomes. However, further applied research is needed to transfer this empirical knowledge into clinical practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE Implementing up-to-date evidence on effective nursing interventions has the potential to significantly improving neonatal outcomes. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public involvement in this scoping review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann Foster
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Ingham Research Institute, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Centre for Evidence Based Health Care: A JBI Affiliated Group, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sheeja Perumbil Pathrose
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Centre for Evidence Based Health Care: A JBI Affiliated Group, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Briguglio
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neonatology, Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Suza Trajkovski
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patricia Lowe
- Australian College of Nursing, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renee Muirhead
- Neonatal Critical Care Unit, Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeewan Jyoti
- Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda Ng
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Blay
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaye Spence
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australasian NIDCAP Training Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha Chetty
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret Broom
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Neonatology, Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Hilditch C, Rumbold AR, Keir A, Middleton P, Gomersall J. Effect of Neonatal Unit Interventions Designed to Increase Breastfeeding in Preterm Infants: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Neonatology 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38513630 DOI: 10.1159/000536660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This overview aims to systematically review evidence regarding effects of interventions undertaken in neonatal units to increase breastfeeding in preterm infants. METHODS We followed Cochrane methodology. Systematic reviews published to October 31, 2022, reporting meta-analysis of effects from original studies on breastfeeding rates in preterm infants of neonatal unit interventions designed to increase breastfeeding were included. RESULTS Avoidance of bottles during breastfeed establishment (comparator breastfeeds with bottle-feeds) demonstrated clear evidence of benefit for any breastfeeding at discharge and exclusive breastfeeding 3 months post-discharge, and possible evidence of benefit for exclusive breastfeeding at discharge, and any breastfeeding post-discharge. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) (comparator usual care) demonstrated clear evidence of benefit for any and exclusive breastfeeding at discharge and possible benefit for any breastfeeding post-discharge. Quality improvement (QI) bundle(s) to enable breastfeeds (comparator conventional care) showed possible evidence of benefit for any breastfeeding at discharge. Cup feeding (comparator other supplemental enteral feeding forms) demonstrated possible evidence of benefit for exclusive breastfeeding at discharge and any breastfeeding 3 months after. Early onset KMC (commenced <24 h post-birth), oral stimulation, and oropharyngeal colostrum administration, showed no evidence of benefit. No meta-analyses reported pooled effects for gestational age or birthweight subgroups. CONCLUSION There is ample evidence to support investment in KMC, avoidance of bottles during breastfeed establishment, cup feeding, and QI bundles targeted at better supporting breastfeeding in neonatal units to increase prevalence of breastfeeding in preterm infants and promote equal access to breastmilk. Stratifying effects by relevant subgroups is a research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathie Hilditch
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alice R Rumbold
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amy Keir
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Philippa Middleton
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Judith Gomersall
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Tehranchi S, Palizban F, Khoshnood Shariati M, Taslimi Taleghani N, Fayazi A, Farjami M. Short-Term Outcomes of Early Oral Colostrum Administration in VLBW Neonates: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2024; 38:7. [PMID: 38434229 PMCID: PMC10907047 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.38.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oropharyngeal colostrum priming (OCP) has been proposed as a potential nutritional option for very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns. This study aimed to determine short-term outcomes of early oral colostrum administration in VLBW neonates. Methods This open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted on VLBW neonates admitted to Mahdieh Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between February and December 2022. According to the protocol, all eligible neonates were randomized evenly to the intervention group, which received oral colostrum (OC), and the control group, which received no OC. Finally, short-term outcomes of early OC administration were compared between groups using the independent-samples t test, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests. Results Of 80 randomized neonates, 37 and 39 from the intervention and control groups entered the final analysis, respectively. Neonates in the intervention and control groups did not significantly differ in terms of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) infection (P = 0.728), sepsis (P = 0.904), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (P > 0.999), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (P = 0.141), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (P = 0.923), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (P = 0.633). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between groups considering the time to reach 120 cc/kg feeds (P = 0.557), time to reach birth weight (P = 0.157), length of hospitalization (P = 0.532), and mortality rate (P = 0.628). Conclusion The results of our study revealed that despite safety, early OC administration did not improve any of the short-term outcomes in VLBW neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Tehranchi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Palizban
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoshnood Shariati
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naeeme Taslimi Taleghani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Fayazi
- Family Health Research Institute, Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farjami
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang H, Li QF, Xu XF, Hu XL. Effects of Sublingual Colostrum Application on Oral and Intestinal Flora of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:489-494. [PMID: 37711000 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230913105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of colostrum application on the establishment of normal flora in the intestinal tracts and oral cavities of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI). METHODS A prospective cohort study design was adopted following the STROBE guidelines (Supplementary File 1). Colostrum was administered immediately after obtaining maternal breast milk using a special sterile cotton swab. There were no specific treatments for infants who did not receive colostrum. This experiment was completed on day 5 post-birth and the patients were divided into the colostrum and control groups, corresponding to whether or not colostrum was administered. Throat swabs and stool samples were collected on days 1 and 5 post-birth. RESULTS Using the conventional bacteria cultivation technique, the detection rate of bacteria in 98 cases of meconium at birth was 15.31%. On day 5, the detection rates of Staphylococcus in the colostrum and control groups were 36.54% and 34.78%, with no significant difference between them (P = 0.856), and that of Enterococcus was 26.92% and 13.04%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.089). Likewise, at birth, the detection rate of bacteria in 98 cases of throat swabs was 27.55%. On day 5, the detection rate of Streptococcus in the colostrum and control groups was 78.85% and 50.00%, respectively, recording a statistically significant difference this time (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Colostrum application had limited effects on intestinal flora colonization but contributes to physiological oral flora colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of NICU, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qiu-Fang Li
- Department of nursing, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xin-Fen Xu
- Department of nursing, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao-Li Hu
- Department of obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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Liu K, Guo J, Yang J, Su Y. The Association of Different Proportions of Human Milk of the Total Enteral Intake on Health Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review. Breastfeed Med 2023; 18:666-677. [PMID: 37729036 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Human milk (HM) is a proven optimal food for preterm infants. However, there is uncertainty regarding the effects of different proportions of HM of the total enteral intake on health outcomes in preterm infants. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of studies examining the effects of different proportions of HM of the total enteral intake on health outcomes in preterm infants. Methods: We conducted a literature search in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The methodological quality of the included articles and the certainty of evidence were assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool, respectively. Results: Twelve studies were included in the review. Among the clinical findings, the effect of different proportions of HM of the total enteral feeding on health outcomes in preterm infants was divided into six primary outcomes: physical growth, length of stay, morbidity of any disease, all-cause mortality, feeding-related outcomes, and other health outcomes. The studies presented a high risk of bias for most of the domains. The certainty of the evidence was considered low or very low. Conclusions: The findings reiterated that greater proportions of HM positively affect the health outcomes of preterm infants. Overall, when the HM accounts for at least 20% of the total enteral intake, it has an effect on health outcomes in preterm infants. If the proportion of HM reaches 50%, the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis, as well as the time to reach enteral feeds, will be reduced. Increasing the proportion of HM in enteral feeding should be considered a priority in the feeding strategy for preterm infants in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Liu
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjin Guo
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jixin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanwei Su
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Slouha E, Anderson ZS, Ankrah NMN, Kalloo AE, Gorantla VR. Colostrum and Preterm Babies: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42021. [PMID: 37593258 PMCID: PMC10430891 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colostrum from mothers is rich in immunomodulating bio-factors such as immunoglobulins (IgA), lactoferrin, and oligosaccharides and supports gut microbial and inflammatory processes. The support in these processes may provide some relief for infants who are born pre-term. Pre-term infants are more likely to develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), late-onset sepsis (LOS), and ventilator-acquired/associated pneumonia (VAP). Due to the components of colostrum, there may be incentives towards early administration for preterm infants. An extensive literature review was done using ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Only meta-analyses and experimental studies were used. The search included the keywords 'colostrum and preterm' and 'colostrum and necrotizing enterocolitis'. The initial search generated 13,543 articles and was narrowed to 25 articles through comprehensive inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were significantly higher levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in pre-term infants given colostrum and a decrease in Moraxellaceae and Staphylococcaceae. Salivary secretory IgA increased following oral colostrum administration in pre-term infants along with downregulation of interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-8. It was also observed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, and interferon-gamma (IFN-g) were significantly higher in the control group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of LOS, NEC, or VAP between pre-term infants receiving colostrum and those who did not. Secondary outcomes such as time to full enteral feeding were improved in pre-term infants receiving oral colostrum in addition to reduced hospital stays. Lastly, there was no difference in mortality between pre-term infants that received colostrum compared to those who did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Slouha
- Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, True Blue, GRD
| | - Zoe S Anderson
- Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, True Blue, GRD
| | - Nana Mansa N Ankrah
- Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, True Blue, GRD
| | - Amy E Kalloo
- Clinical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, True Blue, GRD
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Pimenta HP, Rocha AD, Guimarães ACLD, da Costa ACC, Moreira MEL. Oropharyngeal colostrum administration in neonates with gastroschisis: a randomized clinical trial. CRITICAL CARE SCIENCE 2023; 35:209-216. [PMID: 37712811 PMCID: PMC10406415 DOI: 10.5935/2965-2774.20230010-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of colostrum therapy on days to start a suckling diet in newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis. METHODS Randomized clinical trial with newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis at a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro who were randomized to receive oropharyngeal administration of 0.2mL of colostrum or a "sham procedure" during the first 3 days of life. The analysis included clinical outcomes such as days without food, days with parenteral feeding, days until the start of enteral feeding, days to reach complete enteral feeding, sepsis and length of hospital stay. RESULTS The onset of oral feeding (suction) in patients with simple gastroschisis in both groups occurred at a median of 15 days. CONCLUSION The present study showed that there were no significant differences in the use of colostrum therapy and the number of days to the start of enteral feeding and suction diet between groups of newborns with simple gastroschisis.
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Razak A, Alhaidari OI, Ahmed J. Interventions for reducing late-onset sepsis in neonates: an umbrella review. J Perinat Med 2023; 51:403-422. [PMID: 36303465 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal deaths in neonatal intensive care units. Hence, it is essential to review the evidence from systematic reviews on interventions for reducing late-onset sepsis (LOS) in neonates. METHODS PubMed and the Cochrane Central were searched from inception through August 2020 without any language restriction. Cochrane reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing any intervention in the neonatal period and including one or more RCTs reporting LOS. Two authors independently performed screening, data extraction, assessed the quality of evidence using Cochrane Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, and assessed the quality of reviews using a measurement tool to assess of multiple systematic reviews 2 tool. RESULTS A total of 101 high-quality Cochrane reviews involving 612 RCTs and 193,713 neonates, evaluating 141 interventions were included. High-quality evidence showed a reduction in any or culture-proven LOS using antibiotic lock therapy for neonates with central venous catheters (CVC). Moderate-quality evidence showed a decrease in any LOS with antibiotic prophylaxis or vancomycin prophylaxis for neonates with CVC, chlorhexidine for skin or cord care, and kangaroo care for low birth weight babies. Similarly, moderate-quality evidence showed reduced culture-proven LOS with intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis for preterm infants and probiotic supplementation for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Lastly, moderate-quality evidence showed a reduction in fungal LOS with the use of systemic antifungal prophylaxis in VLBW infants. CONCLUSIONS The overview summarizes the evidence from the Cochrane reviews assessing interventions for reducing LOS in neonates, and can be utilized by clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and consumers for decision-making and translating evidence into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Razak
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Ibrahim Alhaidari
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, ON, Canada
| | - Javed Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, ON, Canada
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Lange M, Figura Y, Böhne C, Beske F, Heep A, Bohnhorst B. Management of Enteral Feeding and Application of Probiotics in Very Low Birth Weight Infants - A National Survey in German NICUs. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2023; 227:51-57. [PMID: 36216346 DOI: 10.1055/a-1936-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advantage of breast milk feeding, and supplementation of probiotics is well known and proven. However, the lack of reliable amounts of colostrum and/or transient breast milk during the first few postnatal days might inhibit timely enteral nutrition. METHODS The aim of this nationwide survey in German Level-1 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) was to collect data regarding the management of feeding in the first days of life in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs, birth weight<1500 g). In addition, we analyzed differences in the use of probiotics. An online survey was sent to all 163 Level-1 NICUs in Germany. RESULTS 110/163 (67.5%) hospitals participated in our study. One-fifth of all participants used exclusively breast milk. The reported incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was lower in NICUs that exclusively used breast milk in VLBWIs (p=0.08). Two-thirds start enteral feeding independent of gestational age during the first 12 hours postnatally with either breast milk or formula. 80% of all participants checked gastric residuals routinely. The use of probiotics differs widely concerning duration and interruption during antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSION The exclusive use of breast milk is associated with a lower incidence of NEC. The result of our survey emphasizes the paramount importance of nutrition with mother`s milk. In case of insufficient availability of mother`s milk, the use of human donor milk still appears to be superior to formula feeding. The implementation of human donor milk banks should therefore be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Yannick Figura
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Böhne
- Pediatric Pulmology, Allergology and Neonatology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Beske
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Axel Heep
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Bohnhorst
- Pediatric Pulmology, Allergology and Neonatology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Balasundaram M, Land R, Miller S, Profit J, Porter M, Arnold C, Sivakumar D. Increasing early exposure to mother's own milk in premature newborns. J Perinatol 2022; 42:1126-1134. [PMID: 35396577 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-022-01376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increase the proportion of ≤33 weeks newborns exposed to mother's own milk (MOM) oral care by 12 h of age by 20% over 2 years to support a healthier microbiome. STUDY DESIGN We implemented interventions to support early expression of colostrum and reliable delivery of resultant MOM to premature newborns. Statistical process control charts were used to track progress and provide feedback to staff. Proportions of newborns exposed to MOM by 12 h were compared relative to baseline. RESULTS There were 46, 66, and 46 newborns in the baseline, implementation, and sustainability periods, respectively. The primary outcome improved from 48% to 61% in the implementation period (relative change 1.27, 95% CI 0.89, 1.81, p = 0.2), to 69% in sustainability period (relative to baseline 1.45, 95% CI 1.02, 2.08, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION An interdisciplinary team-based, multicycle, quality improvement intervention resulted in increased rates of early exposure to MOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Balasundaram
- Division of Neonatal & Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. .,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, El Camino Health, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - Rachel Land
- Division of Neonatal & Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, El Camino Health, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Miller
- Division of Neonatal & Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, El Camino Health, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Jochen Profit
- Division of Neonatal & Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Melinda Porter
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, El Camino Health, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Cody Arnold
- Division of Neonatal & Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, El Camino Health, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Dharshi Sivakumar
- Division of Neonatal & Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, El Camino Health, Mountain View, CA, USA
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Abiramalatha T, Ramaswamy VV, Bandyopadhyay T, Somanath SH, Shaik NB, Pullattayil AK, Weiner GM. Interventions to Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Neonates: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:502-516. [PMID: 35226067 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has multifactorial etiology and long-term adverse consequences. An umbrella review enables the evaluation of multiple proposed interventions for the prevention of BPD. OBJECTIVE To summarize and assess the certainty of evidence of interventions proposed to decrease the risk of BPD from published systematic reviews. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception until November 9, 2020. STUDY SELECTION Meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials comparing interventions in preterm neonates that included BPD as an outcome. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data extraction was performed in duplicate. Quality of systematic reviews was evaluated using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews version 2, and certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES (1) BPD or mortality at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) and (2) BPD at 36 weeks' PMA. RESULTS A total of 154 systematic reviews evaluating 251 comparisons were included, of which 110 (71.4%) were high-quality systematic reviews. High certainty of evidence from high-quality systematic reviews indicated that delivery room continuous positive airway pressure compared with intubation with or without routine surfactant (relative risk [RR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.68-0.94]), early selective surfactant compared with delayed selective surfactant (RR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.75-0.91]), early inhaled corticosteroids (RR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.75-0.99]), early systemic hydrocortisone (RR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.82-0.99]), avoiding endotracheal tube placement with delivery room continuous positive airway pressure and use of less invasive surfactant administration (RR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.82-0.99]), and volume-targeted compared with pressure-limited ventilation (RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.59-0.89]) were associated with decreased risk of BPD or mortality at 36 weeks' PMA. Moderate to high certainty of evidence showed that inhaled nitric oxide, lower saturation targets (85%-89%), and vitamin A supplementation are associated with decreased risk of BPD at 36 weeks' PMA but not the competing outcome of BPD or mortality, indicating they may be associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A multipronged approach of delivery room continuous positive airway pressure, early selective surfactant administration with less invasive surfactant administration, early hydrocortisone prophylaxis in high-risk neonates, inhaled corticosteroids, and volume-targeted ventilation for preterm neonates requiring invasive ventilation may decrease the combined risk of BPD or mortality at 36 weeks' PMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Abiramalatha
- Department of Neonatology, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital (KMCH) & KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Tapas Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Neonatology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital & Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Gary M Weiner
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Romero-Maldonado S, Soriano-Becerril DM, García-May PK, Reyes-Muñoz E, Muñoz-Ortíz EG, Carrera-Muiños S, Granados-Cepeda ML, Cardona-Pérez JA, Castro-Millán E, Segura-Cervantes E, Ceballos G, Montoya-Estrada A. Effect of Oropharyngeal Administration of Colostrum in Premature Newborns ≤32 Weeks of Gestation on the Immune Response and Neonatal Morbidity: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:891491. [PMID: 35874579 PMCID: PMC9304973 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.891491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mother's colostrum carries immunological components, such as cytokines and immunoglobulins (Igs), derived from the maternal circulation with bacteriostatic properties. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum (OPAC) vs. placebo in the first 4 days of life in premature newborns ≤32 weeks of gestation on serum Ig concentration, neonatal morbidity, and total days of hospitalization. HYPOTHESIS The OPAC increases serum Igs and decreases morbidity and total days of hospitalization. MATERIALS AND METHODS A double-blind randomized controlled trial was carried out. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two groups, namely, group 1: placebo (P) (n = 50) and group 2: colostrum (C) (n = 46). A blood sample was obtained at baseline and 7 and 28 days of life to quantify immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and IgM. Results: The C group showed an increase in serum IgA on day 28 expressed as median and [interquartile range]; C: 25 [12-35] vs. P: 11 [8-18], p < 0.001. There were no significant differences in neonatal morbidity. Newborns in the colostrum group showed the completed enteral feeding earlier (days), C: 13.9 ± 7 vs. P: 17.4 ± 8.4, p < 0.04; they reached the birth weight earlier, C: 10.9 ± 2.8 vs. P: 12.9 ± 4, p < 0.01, and had less days of hospitalization, C: 60.2 ± 33.8 vs. P: 77.2 ± 47.3, p < 0.04. Neonatal mortality was lower in the colostrum group than the placebo group 0% vs. 12%, respectively, without a statistical difference (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION In premature newborns ≤32 weeks of gestation, the OPAC within 4 days after birth increases serum IgA concentration at day 28 compared to placebo. Similarly, OPAC decreased the days to complete enteral feeding and reach the birth weight and total days of hospitalization. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03578341], identifier: [NCT03578341].
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Romero-Maldonado
- Coordination of the Human Milk Bank, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Perla Karina García-May
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Adolfo López Mateos of the ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Reyes-Muñoz
- Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Elsa Castro-Millán
- Coordination of the Human Milk Bank, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Segura-Cervantes
- Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Unit, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Postgraduate and Research Section, Higher School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Montoya-Estrada
- Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
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Huo M, Liu C, Mei H, Zhang Y, Liu C, Song D, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xin C. Intervention Effect of Oropharyngeal Administration of Colostrum in Preterm Infants: A Meta-Analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:895375. [PMID: 35832583 PMCID: PMC9271762 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.895375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum (OAC) in preterm infants. METHODS We searched Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the website of the clinical trials, search time was from the establishment of the databases or websites up to 1 February 2022. Preterm infants with gestational age (GA) ≤ 32 weeks or birth weight (BW) ≤ 1500 g were taken as the participants, collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of comparing OAC and placebo or no intervention in preterm infants. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the literature, and we adopted Review Manager 5.3 software for meta-analysis. RESULTS In total, 11 RCTs (n = 1,173) were included in the review. A meta-analysis showed significant difference in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC; p = 0.009, relative ratio (RR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.31-0.84], late-onset sepsis (LOS; p = 0.02, RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.59-0.95), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP; p = 0.03, RR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.24-0.95), the time to reach full enteral feeds (p < 0.00001, mean difference (MD) = -3.40, 95% CI = -3.87 to -2.92), duration of hospital stay (p < 0.00001, MD = -10.00, 95% CI = -11.36 to -8.64), and the rate of weight gain (kg.d; p < 0.00001, MD = 2.63, 95% CI = 2.10-3.16) between the colostrum group and control group. Meanwhile, researchers found no significant difference between the colostrum group and control group in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; p = 0.17, RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.64-1.08), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH; grade ≥3; p = 0.05, RR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.19-1.01), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL; p = 0.67, RR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.14-3.49), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP; p = 0.29, RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.82-1.89), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA; p = 0.17, RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.92-1.62). CONCLUSION Oropharyngeal administration of colostrum can reduce the incidence of NEC, LOS, and VAP in preterm infants, shortening the time to reach full enteral feeds, and duration of hospital stay, and increasing the rate of weight gain (kg.d). Therefore, OAC can be used as part of routine care for preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Huo
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hua Mei
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunzhi Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yayu Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chun Xin
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Xavier Ramos MDS, Martins CDC, Souza ES, Vieira GO, Gomes-Filho IS, Figueiredo ACMG, Pereira MG, Cruz SSD. Oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy and nutrition in preterm newborns: meta-analysis. Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55:59. [PMID: 34932705 PMCID: PMC8664056 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigated the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy in reducing the time required for very low birth weight preterm newborns (VLBW-PTNB: < 1,500g and < 37 weeks) to achieve full enteral nutrition. METHODS Literature search was conducted using four databases, including gray literature, with additional manual search of the references of selected articles. Eligibility criteria consisted of randomized clinical trials, without restriction regarding the date or language of the publication. Two independent reviewers performed the article selection and data extraction. The random-effects meta-analysis used a non-standard technique to assess the mean difference in days to achieve full enteral nutrition, carried out by the Stata 15 statistic program. RESULTS The systematic review comprised 10 studies, and five were selected for meta-analysis, with a population of 764 VLBW-PTNB and gestational age of birth between 25 and 32 weeks. The studies were conducted between 2011 and 2018 in North America, Asia and Africa, with only one conducted in South America. Altogether, they reported the number of days it took 708 VLBW-PTNB to achieve full enteral nutrition, with newborns treated with immunotherapy showing a shorter time in only three studies. Meta-analysis showed a mean difference of -4.26 days, (95% CI -7.44; -1.08d), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 83.1%). CONCLUSION The use of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy can reduce the time for VLBW-PTNB to achieve full nutrition when compared to those who used a placebo or received routine care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle de Santana Xavier Ramos
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Departamento de Saúde. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brasil
| | - Camilla da Cruz Martins
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Departamento de Saúde. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil
| | - Elivan Silva Souza
- Universidade de Brasília. Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Simone Seixas da Cruz
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Departamento de Saúde. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brasil
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15
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Beker F, Liley HG, Hughes IP, Jacobs SE, Macey J, Twitchell E, Davis PG. Effects on Growth of Smell and Taste of Milk During Tube Feeding of Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:1115-1123. [PMID: 34369975 PMCID: PMC8353575 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Smell and taste of food increase food anticipation, activate gut motility, and stimulate digestion and metabolism. Despite poor growth of many preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units, the smell and taste of milk with tube feeding are not generally considered a regular component of care. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of smell and taste of milk with tube feeding on weight z scores at discharge from the hospital. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized, controlled, nonblinded, superiority trial was conducted at 2 perinatal centers between May 9, 2017, and February 1, 2020. Eligible infants (n = 659) were born at less than 29 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) and/or with a birth weight of less than 1250 g. INTERVENTIONS Infants were randomly assigned to receive either the smell and taste of milk with each tube feeding or routine care without the provision of smell and taste of milk. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was weight z score at discharge from any hospital. Secondary outcomes included anthropometric measures at predefined time points, time to full enteral feeds, and other health outcomes associated with prematurity. RESULTS Of the 658 infants, a total of 396 infants were randomized; some parents had not been approached for consent (n = 144) or declined participation (n = 117), and 1 infant with consent was not randomized. Of the 396 infants, 196 were assigned to the treatment group (51% male; mean [SD] PMA at birth, 27.5 [2.2] weeks) and 200 were assigned to the control group (52% male; mean [SD] PMA at birth, 27.6 (2.3) weeks). Mean weight z scores at discharge were -0.87 (95% CI, -1.02 to -0.72) for the treatment group and -0.97 (95% CI, -1.11 to -0.83) for the control group (P = .40). The mean difference in z scores between the treatment and control groups at 36 weeks' PMA was 0.21 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.4; P = .04) for head circumference and 0.26 (95% CI, 0.05 to 0.51; P = .04) for length. There were no clinically notable differences between the study groups for any other anthropometric, feeding, or health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this randomized clinical trial, regular smell and taste of milk included with tube feeding did not improve weight at discharge in preterm infants. Secondary outcomes suggest exposure to smell and taste may improve head circumference and length at 36 weeks' PMA, but not at discharge. Regular exposure to the smell and taste of milk is a simple and inexpensive intervention with potential benefits and no apparent adverse effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12617000583347.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Beker
- Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Neonatal Critical Care Unit, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen G. Liley
- Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Neonatal Critical Care Unit, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian P. Hughes
- Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Office for Research Governance and Development, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan E. Jacobs
- Neonatal Services and Newborn Research, the Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Clinical Sciences Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, the Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judith Macey
- Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emily Twitchell
- Neonatal Services and Newborn Research, the Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G. Davis
- Neonatal Services and Newborn Research, the Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Clinical Sciences Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, the Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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16
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OuYang X, Yang CY, Xiu WL, Hu YH, Mei SS, Lin Q. Oropharyngeal administration of colostrum for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm infants with gestational age ≤ 32 weeks: a pilot single-center randomized controlled trial. Int Breastfeed J 2021; 16:59. [PMID: 34419090 PMCID: PMC8379587 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-021-00408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oropharyngeal administration of colostrum (OAC) may provide immunoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects that potentially reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset sepsis and improve short-term outcomes. Our objective was to evaluate the role of OAC in the early prevention of NEC and late-onset sepsis in preterm infants with gestational age (GA) ≤ 32 weeks. Methods A pilot, single-center, 1:1 parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted in a 40-bed tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in China from 1 January 2019 to 30 September 2020. Preterm infants were randomly divided into two groups with GA ≤ 32 weeks. The OAC group included preterm infants who received 0.4 ml of maternal colostrum via the oropharyngeal route every 3 h for 10 days beginning within the first 48 h after birth, and the control group included preterm infants who received normal saline instead. Data from the two groups were collected and compared. Results A total of 127 infants in the OAC group and 125 infants in the control group were enrolled. The incidence of NEC (Bell stage 2 or 3) and late-onset sepsis were lower in the OAC group [2.36% vs. 10.40%, relative risk (RR) 0.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07, 0.78), adjusted RR 0.23 (95% CI 0.06, 0.84); 4.72% vs. 13.60%, RR 0.35 (95% CI 0.14, 0.85), adjusted RR 0.36 (95% CI 0.14, 0.95)]. In addition, the incidence of proven sepsis and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (stage 3 or 4) were lower in the OAC group [2.36% vs. 8.80%, RR 0.27 (95% CI 0.08, 0.94); 1.57% vs. 7.20%, RR 0.22 (95% CI 0.05, 0.99)], and the time to achieve full enteral feeding was shorter (23.13 ± 9.45 days vs. 28.50 ± 14.80 days). No adverse reactions were observed in either group. Conclusions Oropharyngeal administration of colostrum is a safe and simple NICU procedure that may yield a potential effect in decreasing the incidences of NEC, late-onset sepsis, and severe IVH and shorten the time to achieve full enteral feeding in preterm infants with GA ≤ 32 weeks. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900023697, Registered 8 June 2019, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia OuYang
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Chang-Yi Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wen-Long Xiu
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Yan-Hua Hu
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Su-Su Mei
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
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Effects of Total Enteral Nutrition on Early Growth, Immunity, and Neuronal Development of Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082755. [PMID: 34444915 PMCID: PMC8401306 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The feeding of colostrum and mother's transitional milk improves immune protection and neurodevelopmental outcomes. It also helps with gut maturation and decreases the risks of infection. The supply of nutrients from human milk (HM) is not adequate for preterm infants, even though preterm mother's milk contains higher concentrations of protein, sodium, zinc, and calcium than mature HM. The human milk fortifiers, particularly those with protein, calcium, and phosphate, should be used to supplement HM to meet the necessities of preterm infants. The management of fluid and electrolytes is a challenging aspect of neonatal care of preterm infants. Trace minerals such as iron, zinc, copper, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, chromium, and fluoride are considered essential for preterm infants. Vitamins such as A, D, E, and K play an important role in the prevention of morbidities, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Therefore, supplementation of HM with required nutrients is recommended for all preterm infants.
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Wiechers C, Bernhard W, Goelz R, Poets CF, Franz AR. Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition and Dietary Pattern in Premature Infants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7544. [PMID: 34300000 PMCID: PMC8304391 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Providing adequate amounts of all essential macro- and micronutrients to preterm infants during the period of extraordinarily rapid growth from 24 to 34 weeks' postmenstrual age to achieve growth as in utero is challenging yet important, since early growth restriction and suboptimal neonatal nutrition have been identified as risk factors for adverse long-term development. Along with now well-established early parenteral nutrition, this review emphasizes enteral nutrition, which should be started early and rapidly increased. To minimize the side effects of parenteral nutrition and improve outcomes, early full enteral nutrition based on expressed mothers' own milk is an important goal. Although neonatal nutrition has improved in recent decades, existing knowledge about, for example, the optimal composition and duration of parenteral nutrition, practical aspects of the transition to full enteral nutrition or the need for breast milk fortification is limited and intensively discussed. Therefore, further prospective studies on various aspects of preterm infant feeding are needed, especially with regard to the effects on long-term outcomes. This narrative review will summarize currently available and still missing evidence regarding optimal preterm infant nutrition, with emphasis on enteral nutrition and early postnatal growth, and deduce a practical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Wiechers
- Department of Neonatology, University Children′s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Calwerstr. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (W.B.); (R.G.); (C.F.P.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Wolfgang Bernhard
- Department of Neonatology, University Children′s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Calwerstr. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (W.B.); (R.G.); (C.F.P.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Rangmar Goelz
- Department of Neonatology, University Children′s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Calwerstr. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (W.B.); (R.G.); (C.F.P.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Christian F. Poets
- Department of Neonatology, University Children′s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Calwerstr. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (W.B.); (R.G.); (C.F.P.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Axel R. Franz
- Department of Neonatology, University Children′s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Calwerstr. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (W.B.); (R.G.); (C.F.P.); (A.R.F.)
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Children′s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Chandwe K, Kelly P. Colostrum Therapy for Human Gastrointestinal Health and Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:1956. [PMID: 34200282 PMCID: PMC8228205 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing awareness that a broad range of gastrointestinal diseases, and some systemic diseases, are characterized by failure of the mucosal barrier. Bovine colostrum is a complex biological fluid replete with growth factors, nutrients, hormones, and paracrine factors which have a range of properties likely to contribute to mucosal healing in a wide range of infective, inflammatory, and injury conditions. In this review, we describe the anatomy and physiology of the intestinal barrier and how it may fail. We survey selected diseases in which disordered barrier function contributes to disease pathogenesis or progression, and review the evidence for or against efficacy of bovine colostrum in management. These disorders include enteropathy due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis, infectious diarrhea, intestinal failure, and damage due to cancer therapy. In animal models, bovine colostrum benefits NSAID enteropathy, IBD, and intestinal failure. In human trials, there is substantial evidence of efficacy of bovine colostrum in inflammatory bowel disease and in infectious diarrhea. Given the robust scientific rationale for using bovine colostrum as a promoter of mucosal healing, further work is needed to define its role in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Chandwe
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Paul Kelly
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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Muelbert M, Alexander T, Pook C, Jiang Y, Harding JE, Bloomfield FH. Cortical Oxygenation Changes during Gastric Tube Feeding in Moderate- and Late-Preterm Babies: A NIRS Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020350. [PMID: 33503882 PMCID: PMC7911983 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Smell and taste of food can trigger physiological responses facilitating digestion and metabolism of nutrients. Controlled experimental studies in preterm babies have demonstrated that smell activates the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) but none have investigated the effect of taste stimulation. Using cotside Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), we measured changes in OFC cerebral oxygenation in response to gastric tube feeds five and 10 days after birth in 53 assessments of 35 moderate- to late-preterm babies enrolled in a randomized trial. Babies were randomly assigned to receive smell and taste of milk before gastric tube feeds (intervention group, n = 16) or no exposure (control group, n = 19). The majority of babies were born at 33 weeks of gestation (range 32–34) and 69% were boys. No differences in OFC cerebral oxygenation were observed between control and intervention groups. Gastric tube feeds induced activation of the OFC (p < 0.05), but sensory stimulation alone with smell and taste did not. Boys, but not girls, showed activation of the OFC following exposure to smell of milk (p = 0.01). The clinical impact of sensory stimulation prior to tube feeds on nutrition of preterm babies, as well as the impact of environmental inputs on cortical activation, remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Muelbert
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.P.); (Y.J.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Tanith Alexander
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.P.); (Y.J.); (J.E.H.)
- Neonatal Unit, Kidz First, Middlemore Hospital, 2025 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Pook
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.P.); (Y.J.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Yannan Jiang
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.P.); (Y.J.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Jane Elizabeth Harding
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.P.); (Y.J.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Frank Harry Bloomfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.P.); (Y.J.); (J.E.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-923-6107
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21
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Muelbert M, Bloomfield FH, Pundir S, Harding JE, Pook C. Olfactory Cues in Infant Feeds: Volatile Profiles of Different Milks Fed to Preterm Infants. Front Nutr 2021; 7:603090. [PMID: 33521036 PMCID: PMC7843498 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.603090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Smell is determined by odor-active volatile compounds that bind to specific olfactory receptors, allowing us to discriminate different smells. Olfactory stimulation may assist with digestion and metabolism of feeds in the neonate by activation of the cephalic phase response of digestion. Infants' physiological responses to the smell of different milks suggest they can distinguish between breastmilk and infant formula. We aimed to describe the profile of volatile compounds in preterm breastmilk and investigate how this differed from that of other preterm infant feeding options including pasteurized donor breastmilk, breastmilk with bovine milk-based fortifier, human milk-based products and various infant formulas. Methods: Forty-seven milk samples (13 different infant formulas and 34 human milk-based samples) were analyzed. Volatile compounds were extracted using Solid Phase Micro Extraction. Identification and relative quantification were carried out by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's HSD (parametric data) or Conover's post-hoc test (non-parametric data) were used as appropriate to explore differences in volatile profiles among milk types. Results: In total, 122 compounds were identified. Breastmilk containing bovine milk-based fortifier presented the highest number of compounds (109) and liquid formula the lowest (70). The profile of volatile compounds varied with 51 compounds significantly different (adjusted p < 0.001) among milk types. PCA explained 47% of variability. Compared to preterm breastmilk, the profile of volatile compounds in breastmilk with added bovine milk-based fortifier was marked by presence of fatty acids and their esters, ketones and aldehydes; infant formulas were characterized by alkyls, aldehydes and furans, and human milk-based products presented high concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons, terpenoids and specific fatty acids. Conclusions: Sensory-active products of fatty acid oxidation are the major contributors to olfactory cues in infant feeds. Analysis of volatile compounds might be useful for monitoring quality of milk and detection of oxidation products and environmental contaminants. Further research is needed to determine whether these different volatile compounds have biological or physiological effects in nutrition of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Muelbert
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Shikha Pundir
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane E Harding
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Pook
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Bæk O, Brunse A, Nguyen DN, Moodley A, Thymann T, Sangild PT. Diet Modulates the High Sensitivity to Systemic Infection in Newborn Preterm Pigs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1019. [PMID: 32536925 PMCID: PMC7267211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preterm infants are born with an immature immune system, limited passive immunity, and are at risk of developing bacteremia and sepsis in the postnatal period. We hypothesized that enteral feeding, with or without added immunoglobulins, improves the clinical response to systemic infection by coagulase negative staphylococci. Methods: Using preterm cesarean delivered pigs as models for preterm infants, we infused live Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE, 5 × 109 colony forming units per kg) systemically 0–3 days after birth across five different experiments. SE infection responses were assessed following different gestational age at birth (preterm vs. term), enteral milk diets (bovine colostrum, infant formula with or without added porcine plasma) and with/without systemic immunoglobulins. Pigs infected with SE were assessed 12–48 h for clinical variables, blood bacteriology, chemistry, hematology, and gut dysfunction (intestinal permeability, necrotizing enterocolitis lesions). Results: Adverse clinical responses and increased mortality were observed in preterm vs. term pigs, when infected with SE just after birth. Feeding bovine colostrum just after birth improved blood SE clearance and clinical status (improved physical activity and intestinal structure, fewer bone marrow bacteria), relative to pigs fed infant formula. A few days later, clinical responses to SE bacteremia (hematology, neutrophil phagocytic capacity, T cell subsets) were less severe, and less affected by different milk diets, with or without added immunoglobulins. Conclusion: Prematurity increases the sensitivity of newborn pigs to SE bacteremia, potentially causing sepsis. Sensitivity to systemic SE infection decreases rapidly in the days after preterm birth. Both age and diet (parenteral nutrition, colostrum, milk, formula) may influence gut inflammation, bacterial translocation and systemic immune development in the days after birth in preterm newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Bæk
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Brunse
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Duc Ninh Nguyen
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arshnee Moodley
- Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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23
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Maffei D, Brewer M, Codipilly C, Weinberger B, Schanler RJ. Early oral colostrum administration in preterm infants. J Perinatol 2020; 40:284-287. [PMID: 31748654 PMCID: PMC7222082 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-019-0556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early administration of colostrum may provide preterm infants with immune components. Previous studies illustrating the effects of oral colostrum (OC) have been confounded by the coincidence of enteral feedings. OBJECTIVE To quantify OC absorption, as measured by urinary sIgA and lactoferrin, in preterm infants prior to enteral feedings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colostrum was obtained from mothers delivering infants ≤32 weeks and ≤1500 g. sIgA and lactoferrin were measured in infant urine, and microflora in saliva and tracheal aspirates were characterized. RESULTS Urinary sIgA and lactoferrin were significantly greater in infants receiving OC by syringe compared to swab (p < 0.002). Urinary sIgA correlated with the total number of doses in 72 h (R2 = 43%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Administration of OC by syringe and higher cumulative dose are associated with increased absorption of sIgA and lactoferrin, and early dosing may contribute to a more diverse tracheal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Maffei
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| | - Mariana Brewer
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Champa Codipilly
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Barry Weinberger
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Richard J. Schanler
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, Hempstead, NY USA
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24
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Meister AL, Doheny KK, Travagli RA. Necrotizing enterocolitis: It's not all in the gut. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 245:85-95. [PMID: 31810384 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219891971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis is the leading cause of death due to gastrointestinal disease in preterm neonates, affecting 5–12% of neonates born at a very-low birth weight. Necrotizing enterocolitis can present with a slow and insidious onset, with some neonates displaying early symptoms such as feeding intolerance. Treatment during the early stages includes bowel rest and careful use of antibiotics, but surgery is required if pneumoperitoneum and intestinal perforation occur. Mortality rates among neonates requiring surgery are estimated to be 20–30%, mandating the development of non-invasive and reliable biomarkers to predict necrotizing enterocolitis before the onset of clinical signs. Such biomarkers would allow at-risk neonates to receive maximal preventative therapies such as careful nutritional consideration, probiotics, and increased skin-to-skin care.Impact statementNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease; its high mortality rate mandates the development of non-invasive biomarkers to predict NEC before its onset. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, prevention, unresolved issues, and long-term outcomes of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa L Meister
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kim K Doheny
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - R Alberto Travagli
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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25
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Bashir T, Reddy KV, Kiran S, Murki S, Kulkarni D, Dinesh P. Effect of colostrum given within the 12 hours after birth on feeding outcome, morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants: a prospective cohort study. Sudan J Paediatr 2019; 19:19-24. [PMID: 31384084 DOI: 10.24911/sjp.106-1540825552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The current study aims to compare the feeding outcome, morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants who received early colostrum (<12 hours of life) and those who did not. All VLBW infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were eligible for the study. Eligible infants were enrolled after obtaining written informed consent from either of the parents. Newborns who received colostrum within the first 12 hours after birth formed the study cohort and all others the control cohort. Both cohorts were followed till discharge from NICU. During the study period, 205 VLBW infants were admitted in NICU of whom 171 (83%) infants were enrolled in the study. Both study groups were comparable for mean birth weight, mean gestation and male sex. The proportion of infants with abnormal Doppler was significantly higher in the control group. All outcomes were adjusted for antenatal Doppler abnormalities. The primary outcome of time to reach full feeds in the study population was 6.90 ± 4.4 days as compared to 9.80 ± 4.86 days in the control group with a significant weighted mean difference of -2.4 (-0.8 to -3.9) days. Duration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) days and mortality were all lower in the study cohort. Risk of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis was similar in the both groups. Enteral colostrum within first 12 hours of birth in VLBW infants reduces the time to reach full feeds, TPN days and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sai Kiran
- Fernandez Hospital, Hyderguda, India
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26
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Alinaghi M, Jiang PP, Brunse A, Sangild PT, Bertram HC. Rapid Cerebral Metabolic Shift during Neonatal Sepsis Is Attenuated by Enteral Colostrum Supplementation in Preterm Pigs. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9010013. [PMID: 30641988 PMCID: PMC6359096 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, the clinical manifestation of serious infection, may disturb normal brain development, especially in preterm infants with an immature brain. We hypothesized that neonatal sepsis induces systemic metabolic alterations that rapidly affect metabolic signatures in immature brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Cesarean-delivered preterm pigs systemically received 109 CFU/kg Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) and were provided total parenteral nutrition (n = 9) or enteral supplementation with bovine colostrum (n = 10) and compared with uninfected pigs receiving parenteral nutrition (n = 7). Plasma, CSF, and brain tissue samples were collected after 24 h and analyzed by 1H NMR-based metabolomics. Both plasma and CSF metabolomes revealed SE-induced changes in metabolite levels that reflected a modified energy metabolism. Hence, increased plasma lactate, alanine, and succinate levels, as well as CSF lactate levels, were observed during SE infection (all p < 0.05, ANOVA analysis). Myo-inositol, a glucose derivative known for beneficial effects on lung maturation in preterm infants, was also increased in plasma and CSF following SE infection. Enteral colostrum supplementation attenuated the lactate accumulation in blood and CSF. Bloodstream infection in preterm newborns was found to induce a rapid metabolic shift in both plasma and CSF, which was modulated by colostrum feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Alinaghi
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792 Aarslev, Denmark.
| | - Ping-Ping Jiang
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510220 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Anders Brunse
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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27
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Walsh V, McGuire W. Immunonutrition for Preterm Infants. Neonatology 2019; 115:398-405. [PMID: 30974431 DOI: 10.1159/000497332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Care and outcomes for very preterm infants continue to improve, but important causes of mortality and acute and long-term morbidity associated with prolonged hospitalisation remain. Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset infection have emerged as the major causes of death beyond the early neonatal period and of neurodisability in very preterm infants. Although the pathogenesis of these conditions is incompletely understood, it appears to be related to the content and mode of delivery of the enteral diet, particularly the impact of immunonutrients from human breast milk on the microbial and metabolic balance within the immature intestine. Evidence exists to support investment in measures to help mothers to express breast milk as the primary source of nutrition for their very preterm infants. In the absence of maternal milk, pasteurised donor breast milk provides protection against NEC, but its nutritive adequacy is not clear and its cost-effectiveness is uncertain. Supplementation with individual immunonutrients, including immunoglobulins and lactoferrin, has not been shown to be effective in preventing NEC or infection in randomised controlled trials. The evidence base for prebiotics and probiotics is stronger, but concerns exist about the choice, safety and availability of formulations. Other strategies - including avoidance of drugs such as gastric acid suppressants that compromise innate immunity, as well as evidence-based progressive feeding strategies that reduce exposure to invasive interventions - are emerging as key components of care packages to reduce the burden of NEC, infection and associated growth and developmental faltering for very preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Walsh
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - William McGuire
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom,
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28
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Nasuf AWA, Ojha S, Dorling J. Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 9:CD011921. [PMID: 30191961 PMCID: PMC6513592 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011921.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placing a small volume of colostrum directly onto the buccal mucosa of preterm infants during the early neonatal period may provide immunological and growth factors that stimulate the immune system and enhance intestinal growth. These benefits could potentially reduce the risk of infection and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and improve survival and long-term outcome. OBJECTIVES To determine if early (within the first 48 hours of life) oropharyngeal administration of mother's own fresh or frozen/thawed colostrum can reduce rates of NEC, late-onset invasive infection, and/or mortality in preterm infants compared with controls. To assess trials for evidence of safety and harm (e.g. aspiration pneumonia). To compare effects of early oropharyngeal colostrum (OPC) versus no OPC, placebo, late OPC, and nasogastric colostrum. SEARCH METHODS We used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2017, Issue 8), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to August 2017), Embase (1980 to August 2017), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; 1982 to August 2017). We also searched clinical trials registries for ongoing and recently completed trials (clinicaltrials.gov; the World Health Organization International Trials Registry (www.whoint/ictrp/search/en/), and the ISRCTN Registry), conference proceedings, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. We performed the last search in August 2017. We contacted trial investigators regarding unpublished studies and data. SELECTION CRITERIA We searched for published and unpublished randomised controlled trials comparing early administration of oropharyngeal colostrum (OPC) versus sham administration of water, oral formula, or donor breast milk, or versus no intervention. We also searched for studies comparing early OPC versus early nasogastric or nasojejunal administration of colostrum. We considered only trials that included preterm infants at < 37 weeks' gestation. We did not limit the review to any particular region or language. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened retrieved articles for inclusion and independently conducted data extraction, data analysis, and assessments of 'Risk of bias' and quality of evidence. We graded evidence quality using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. We contacted study authors for additional information or clarification when necessary. MAIN RESULTS We included six studies that compared early oropharyngeal colostrum versus water, saline, placebo, or donor, or versus no intervention, enrolling 335 preterm infants with gestational ages ranging from 25 to 32 weeks' gestation and birth weights of 410 to 2500 grams. Researchers found no significant differences between OPC and control for primary outcomes - incidence of NEC (typical risk ratio (RR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50 to 4.02; six studies, 335 infants; P = 0.51; I² = 0%; very low-quality evidence), incidence of late-onset infection (typical RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.33; six studies, 335 infants; P = 0.50; I² = 0%; very low-quality evidence), and death before hospital discharge (typical RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.71; six studies, 335 infants; P = 0.51; I² = 0%; very low-quality evidence). Similarly, meta-analysis showed no difference in length of hospital stay between OPC and control groups (mean difference (MD) 0.81, 95% CI -5.87 to 7.5; four studies, 293 infants; P = 0.65; I² = 49%). Days to full enteral feeds were reduced in the OPC group with MD of -2.58 days (95% CI -4.01 to -1.14; six studies, 335 infants; P = 0.0004; I² = 28%; very low-quality evidence).The effect of OPC was uncertain because of small sample sizes and imprecision in study results (very low-quality evidence).No adverse effects were associated with OPC; however, data on adverse effects were insufficient, and no numerical data were available from the included studies.Overall the quality of included studies was low to very low across all outcomes. We downgraded GRADE outcomes because of concerns about allocation concealment and blinding, reporting bias, small sample sizes with few events, and wide confidence intervals. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Large, well-designed trials would be required to evaluate more precisely and reliably the effects of oropharyngeal colostrum on important outcomes for preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Widad A Nasuf
- University of NottinghamAcademic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and GynaecologyNottinghamUK
| | - Shalini Ojha
- University of NottinghamDivision of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of MedicineNottinghamUK
- University Hospitals of Derby and BurtonChildren’s HospitalDerbyUK
| | - Jon Dorling
- Dalhousie UniversityDivision of Neonatal‐Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of MedicineHalifaxNSCanada
- IWK Health CentreDivision of Neonatal‐Perinatal Medicine5850/5890 University AvenueHalifaxNSCanadaB3K 6R8
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