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Bartlett JE, De Bellis A. The prevention of urinary tract infections in aged care residents through the use of cranberry products: a critical analysis of the literature. Contemp Nurse 2022; 58:296-316. [PMID: 35861109 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2022.2104332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper is a critical review examining the evidence about the prevention of urinary tract infections in aged care residents through the implementation of cranberry products. To provide a critical analysis of evidence describing the implementation and effectiveness of cranberry products for the prevention of urinary tract infections in the setting of residential aged care. METHODS A review of the quantitative literature was conducted utilising a systematic search and critical review process. A critical analysis of the literature. RESULTS The current evidence suggests indicates cranberry products decrease the occurrence of urinary tract infections in aged care residents who were are likely to benefit from the use of cranberry products as a preventative measure, however, some of the findings results were limited and contradictory. Because of gaps and insufficient research in relation to the active ingredients of cranberries - proanthocyanins. CONCLUSION The literature review identified This critical analysis demonstrates benefits in the use of cranberry products in the prevention of urinary tract infections for residents of aged care facilities. Further research and education on preventative measures could potentially lower the use of antibiotics and the incidence of urinary tract infections in residential aged care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Bartlett
- Master of Nurse Practitioner, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide Australia
| | - Anita De Bellis
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide Australia
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Sharp MK, Tyner B, Awang Baki DAB, Farrell C, Devane D, Mahtani KR, Smith SM, O'Neill M, Ryan M, Clyne B. Evidence synthesis summary formats for clinical guideline development group members: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol. HRB Open Res 2022; 4:76. [PMID: 36071877 PMCID: PMC9433911 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13325.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Evidence syntheses, often in the form of systematic reviews, are essential for clinical guideline development and informing changes to health policies. However, clinical guideline development groups (CGDG) are multidisciplinary, and participants such as policymakers, healthcare professionals and patient representatives can face obstacles when trying to understand and use evidence synthesis findings. Summary formats to communicate the results of evidence syntheses have become increasingly common, but it is currently unclear which format is most effective for different stakeholders. This mixed-methods systematic review (MMSR) evaluates the effectiveness and acceptability of different evidence synthesis summary formats for CGDG members. Methods: This protocol follows guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute on MMSRs and is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA)-P guideline. A comprehensive search of six databases will be performed with no language restrictions. Primary outcomes are those relating to the effectiveness and preferences for and attitudes towards the different summary formats. We will include qualitative research and randomised controlled trials. Two reviewers will perform title, abstract, and full-text screening. Independent double-extraction of study characteristics and critical appraisal items will be undertaken using a standardised form. We will use a convergent segregated approach to analyse quantitative and qualitative data separately; results will then be integrated. Discussion: The results of this systematic review will provide an overview of the effectiveness and acceptability of different summary formats for evidence synthesis findings. These findings can be helpful for those in or communicating to guideline development groups. The results can also inform the development and pilot-testing of summary formats for evidence summaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K. Sharp
- Health Research Board Centre for Primary Care Research, Department of General Practice,, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barrie Tyner
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Cormac Farrell
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Declan Devane
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kamal R. Mahtani
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan M. Smith
- Health Research Board Centre for Primary Care Research, Department of General Practice,, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Máirín Ryan
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barbara Clyne
- Health Research Board Centre for Primary Care Research, Department of General Practice,, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Dublin, Ireland
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Sharp MK, Tyner B, Awang Baki DAB, Farrell C, Devane D, Mahtani KR, Smith SM, O'Neill M, Ryan M, Clyne B. Evidence synthesis summary formats for clinical guideline development group members: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol. HRB Open Res 2021; 4:76. [DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13325.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Evidence syntheses, often in the form of systematic reviews, are essential for clinical guideline development and informing changes to health policies. However, clinical guideline development groups (CGDG) are multidisciplinary, and participants such as policymakers, healthcare professionals and patient representatives can face obstacles when trying to understand and use evidence synthesis findings. Summary formats to communicate the results of evidence syntheses have become increasingly common, but it is currently unclear which format is most effective for different stakeholders. This mixed-methods systematic review (MMSR) evaluates the effectiveness and acceptability of different evidence synthesis summary formats for CGDG members. Methods: This protocol follows guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute on MMSRs and is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA)-P guideline. A comprehensive search of six databases will be performed with no language restrictions. Primary outcomes are those relating to the effectiveness and preferences for and attitudes towards the different summary formats. We will include qualitative research and randomised controlled trials. Two reviewers will perform title, abstract, and full-text screening. Independent double-extraction of study characteristics and critical appraisal items will be undertaken using a standardised form. We will use a convergent segregated approach to analyse quantitative and qualitative data separately; results will then be integrated. Discussion: The results of this systematic review will provide an overview of the effectiveness and acceptability of different summary formats for evidence synthesis findings. These findings can be helpful for those in or communicating to guideline development groups. The results can also inform the development and pilot-testing of summary formats for evidence summaries.
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Laka M, Milazzo A, Merlin T. Can evidence-based decision support tools transform antibiotic management? A systematic review and meta-analyses. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:1099-1111. [PMID: 31960021 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) at reducing unnecessary and suboptimal antibiotic prescribing within different healthcare settings. METHODS A systematic review of published studies was undertaken with seven databases from database inception to November 2018. A protocol was developed using the PRISMA-P checklist and study selection criteria were determined prior to performing the search. Critical appraisal of studies was undertaken using relevant tools. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to determine whether CDSS use affected optimal antibiotic management. RESULTS Fifty-seven studies were identified that reported on CDSS effectiveness. Most were non-randomized studies with low methodological quality. However, randomized controlled trials of moderate methodological quality were available and assessed separately. The meta-analyses indicated that appropriate antibiotic therapy was twice as likely to occur following the implementation of CDSSs (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.82-2.86, k = 20). The use of CDSSs was also associated with a relative decrease (18%) in mortality (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.91, k = 18). CDSS implementation also decreased the overall volume of antibiotic use, length of hospital stay, duration and cost of therapy. The magnitude of the effect did vary by study design, but the direction of the effect was consistent in favouring CDSSs. CONCLUSIONS Decision support tools can be effective to improve antibiotic prescribing, although there is limited evidence available on use in primary care. Our findings suggest that a focus on system requirements and implementation processes would improve CDSS uptake and provide more definitive benefits for antibiotic stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mah Laka
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adriana Milazzo
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tracy Merlin
- Adelaide Health Technology (AHTA), School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Parra DI, Trapero Gimeno I, Sánchez Rodríguez JM, Rodríguez Corredor LC, Hernández Vargas JA, López Romero LA, García López FJ, Escudero-Gómez C, Trujillo-Cáceres SJ, Serrano-Gallardo P, Vera-Cala LM. Individual interventions to improve adherence to pharmaceutical treatment, diet and physical activity among adults with primary hypertension. A systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037920. [PMID: 33371014 PMCID: PMC7757507 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a chronic disease with 31% worldwide prevalence in adults. It has been associated with non-adherence to therapeutic regime with a negative impact on the prognosis of the disease and healthcare-associated costs. So, it is necessary to identify effective interventions to improve adherence among the afflicted population. The objective of this protocol is to describe the methods for a systematic review that will evaluate the effect of individual interventions so as to improve adherence to the prescribed pharmacological treatment, as well as to prescribed diet and physical activity in adults with primary hypertension. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic search of studies will be conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, BVS, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus databases. Randomised and non-randomised clinical studies conducted in human beings, published from 1 January 2009 to 13 December 2019, are to be included, in any language. Adherence to pharmacological treatment, diet and physical activity, measured by direct and indirect methods, will be the primary outcome. Two independent reviewers will select relevant studies and will extract the data following the Cochrane's Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Approach and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Methodological quality will be evaluated using the risk-of-bias (RoB) 2 and Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools. Risk of bias will also be evaluated, and if the criteria are met, a meta-analysis will be finally performed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Information to be analysed is of a grouped nature, and given that its sources are published studies, no ethics committee approval is required. Results will be published in scientific journals, and in conferences, seminars and symposiums. Copyrights will be addressed by giving due credit through bibliographic references. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020147655.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Inés Parra
- Nursing School, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Clinical and Community Nursing Doctoral student, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Lizeth Catherine Rodríguez Corredor
- Research Division, Instituto Neumológico del Oriente, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Public Health Department, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pilar Serrano-Gallardo
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IDIPHIM / INAECU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina M Vera-Cala
- Public Health Department, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Antonelli M, Firenzuoli F, Salvarani C, Gensini GF, Donelli D. Reading and interpreting reviews for health professionals: a practical review. Intern Emerg Med 2020; 15:945-955. [PMID: 32281054 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Literature reviews can be directly used by clinicians and other health professionals to support many decision-making processes. This review aims to offer health professionals an essential practical guide to critically evaluate and properly understand results of review articles published in the scientific literature. An evidence-based methodological review with step-by-step theoretical concepts and practical suggestions was developed. Key steps of this guide are: to consider the topic and the research question (a), to check the review type (b), to evaluate the methodology (with a keen focus on review guidelines, search strategy and study-selection process, evaluation of the quality and certainty of included evidence, and statistical analysis) (c), and to define the real impact of review results (d). This guide offers a description of essential and easy-to-apply key steps which can help health professionals to evaluate the reliability and implications of a literature review, and to select the latest high-quality scientific evidence to keep updated with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Antonelli
- Terme di Monticelli, via Basse 5, Monticelli Terme, 43022, Parma, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma (UniPr), 43125, Parma, Italy.
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine (CERFIT), Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine (CERFIT), Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UniMoRe), 41125, Modena, Italy
- Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Davide Donelli
- Terme di Monticelli, via Basse 5, Monticelli Terme, 43022, Parma, Italy
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine (CERFIT), Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Brick C, McDowell M, Freeman ALJ. Risk communication in tables versus text: a registered report randomized trial on 'fact boxes'. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:190876. [PMID: 32269779 PMCID: PMC7137953 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES identifying effective summary formats is fundamental to multiple fields including science communication, systematic reviews, evidence-based policy and medical decision-making. This study tested whether table or text-only formats lead to better comprehension of the potential harms and benefits of different options, here in a medical context. DESIGN pre-registered, longitudinal experiment: between-subjects factorial 2 (message format) × 2 topic (therapeutic or preventative intervention) on comprehension and later recall (CONSORT-SPI 2018). SETTING longitudinal online survey experiment. PARTICIPANTS 2305 census-matched UK residents recruited through the survey panel firm YouGov. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE comprehension of harms and benefits and knowledge recall after six weeks. RESULTS fact boxes-simple tabular messages-led to more comprehension (d = 0.39) and slightly more knowledge recall after six weeks (d = 0.12) compared to the same information in text. These patterns of results were consistent between the two medical topics and across all levels of objective numeracy and education. Fact boxes were rated as more engaging than text, and there were no differences between formats in treatment decisions, feeling informed or trust. CONCLUSIONS the brief table format of the fact box improved the comprehension of harms and benefits relative to the text-only control. Effective communication supports informed consent and decision-making and brings ethical and practical advantages. Fact boxes and other summary formats may be effective in a wide range of communication contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Brick
- Winton Centre for Risk and Evidence Communication, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle McDowell
- Harding Center for Risk Literacy, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra L. J. Freeman
- Winton Centre for Risk and Evidence Communication, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK
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Mahesh PKB, Gunathunga MW, Arnold SM, Jayasinghe C, Pathirana S, Makarim MF, Manawadu PM, Senanayake SJ. Effectiveness of targeting fathers for breastfeeding promotion: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1140. [PMID: 30249216 PMCID: PMC6154400 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Further research gaps exist in relation to the promotion of breastfeeding. Robust scientific evidence obtained by a meta-analysis would provide objectively summarized data while enabling the assessment of consistency of findings. This review includes the first documented meta-analysis done on the effectiveness of targeting fathers for promoting breastfeeding (BF). Assessments have been done for a primary outcome and for six more secondary outcomes. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CENTRAL databases and unpublished researches were searched. Selections of randomized-controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were done in three rounds. Heterogeneity and potential publication bias were assessed. Eight studies were included in meta-analysis and others in narrative synthesis of the outcomes. Pooling was done with the Mental- Haenszel method using risk ratio (RR). Summary-of-Findings table was composed by Review-Manager (version 5.3) and GRADEproGDT applications. Subsequent sensitivity analysis was done. RESULTS Selected eight interventional studies included 1852 families. Exclusive BF at six months was significantly higher (RR = 2.04, CI = 1.58-2.65) in the intervention groups. The RR at 4 months was 1.52 (CI = 1.14 to 2.03). Risk of full-formula-feeding (RR = 0.69, CI = 0.52-0.93) and the occurrence of lactation-related problems were lower in the intervention groups (RR = 0.24, CI = 0.10-0.57). More likelihood of rendering support in BF-related issues was seen in intervention groups (RR = 1.43, CI = 1.22-1.68). Increase of maternal knowledge and favorable attitudes on BF were higher in the intervention groups (P ≤; 0.001). The quality of evidence according to GRADE was "low" (for one outcome), "moderate" (for four outcomes), and "high" (for two outcomes). CONCLUSIONS Targeting fathers in promotion of BF has provided favorable results for all seven outcomes with satisfactory quality of evidence. This review was registered in the PROSPERO-registry (ID: 2017-CRD42017076163) prior to its commencement.
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