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Yousef M, O’Croinin C, Le TS, Park C, Zuo J, Bou Chacra N, Davies NM, Löbenberg R. In Vitro Predictive Model for Intestinal Lymphatic Uptake: Exploration of Additional Enhancers and Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:768. [PMID: 38931889 PMCID: PMC11207518 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug absorption via chylomicrons holds significant implications for both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. However, a mechanistic understanding of predicting in vivo intestinal lymphatic uptake remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to delve into the intestinal lymphatic uptake of drugs, investigating both enhancement and inhibition using various excipients through our previously established in vitro model. It also examined the applicability of the model by assessing the lymphatic uptake enhancement of a lymphotropic formulation with linoleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides using the same model. The model successfully differentiated among olive, sesame, and peanut oils in terms of lymphatic uptake. However, it did not distinguish between oils containing long-chain fatty acids and coconut oil. Coconut oil, known for its abundance of medium-chain fatty acids, outperformed other oils. This heightened uptake was attributed to the superior emulsification of this oil in artificial chylomicron media due to its high content of medium-chain fatty acids. Additionally, the enhanced uptake of the tested formulation with linoleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides underscored the practical applicability of this model in formulation optimization. Moreover, data suggested that increasing the zeta potential of Intralipid® using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and decreasing it using (+/-) chloroquine led to enhanced and reduced uptake in the in vitro model, respectively. These findings indicate the potential influence of the zeta potential on intestinal lymphatic uptake in this model, though further research is needed to explore the possible translation of this mechanism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaz Yousef
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.Y.); (C.O.); (T.S.L.); (J.Z.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Conor O’Croinin
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.Y.); (C.O.); (T.S.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Tyson S. Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.Y.); (C.O.); (T.S.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chulhun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jieyu Zuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.Y.); (C.O.); (T.S.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Nadia Bou Chacra
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Neal M. Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.Y.); (C.O.); (T.S.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.Y.); (C.O.); (T.S.L.); (J.Z.)
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Pozniak J, Ryšánek P, Smrčka D, Kozlík P, Křížek T, Šmardová J, Nováková A, Das D, Bobek D, Arora M, Hofmann J, Doušová T, Šíma M, Slanař O. Ivacaftor pharmacokinetics and lymphatic transport after enteral administration in rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1331637. [PMID: 38444938 PMCID: PMC10912587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1331637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Ivacaftor is a modern drug used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. It is highly lipophilic and exhibits a strong positive food effect. These characteristics can be potentially connected to a pronounced lymphatic transport after oral administration. Methods: A series of studies was conducted to describe the basic pharmacokinetic parameters of ivacaftor in jugular vein cannulated rats when dosed in two distinct formulations: an aqueous suspension and an oil solution. Additionally, an anesthetized mesenteric lymph duct cannulated rat model was studied to precisely assess the extent of lymphatic transport. Results: Mean ± SD ivacaftor oral bioavailability was 18.4 ± 3.2% and 16.2 ± 7.8%, respectively, when administered as an aqueous suspension and an oil solution. The relative contribution of the lymphatic transport to the overall bioavailability was 5.91 ± 1.61% and 4.35 ± 1.84%, respectively. Conclusion: Lymphatic transport plays only a minor role in the process of ivacaftor intestinal absorption, and other factors are, therefore, responsible for its pronounced positive food effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Pozniak
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Ryšánek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslava Šmardová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anežka Nováková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Debanjan Das
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Bobek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Mahak Arora
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Tereza Doušová
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Šíma
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Yousef M, Park C, Henostroza M, Bou Chacra N, Davies NM, Löbenberg R. Development of a Novel In Vitro Model to Study Lymphatic Uptake of Drugs via Artificial Chylomicrons. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2532. [PMID: 38004512 PMCID: PMC10674476 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the absorption of lipophilic drugs, making it an important route for drug delivery. In this study, an in vitro model using Intralipid® was developed to investigate the lymphatic uptake of drugs. The model was validated using cannabidiol, halofantrine, quercetin, and rifampicin. Remarkably, the uptake of these drugs closely mirrored what would transpire in vivo. Furthermore, adding peanut oil to the model system significantly increased the lymphatic uptake of rifampicin, consistent with meals containing fat stimulating lymphatic drug uptake. Conversely, the inclusion of pluronic L-81 was observed to inhibit the lymphatic uptake of rifampicin in the model. This in vitro model emerges as a valuable tool for investigating and predicting drug uptake via the lymphatic system. It marks the first phase in developing a physiologically based predictive tool that can be refined further to enhance the precision of drug interaction predictions with chylomicrons and their subsequent transport via the lymphatic system. Moreover, it can be employed to explore innovative drug formulations and excipients that either enhance or hinder lymphatic drug uptake. The insights gained from this study have significant implications for advancing drug delivery through the lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaz Yousef
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Chulhun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mirla Henostroza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (M.H.); (N.B.C.)
| | - Nadia Bou Chacra
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (M.H.); (N.B.C.)
| | - Neal M. Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.Y.); (R.L.)
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Mohamad NV. Strategies to Enhance the Solubility and Bioavailability of Tocotrienols Using Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1403. [PMID: 37895874 PMCID: PMC10610013 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienols have higher medicinal value, with multiple sources of evidence showing their biological properties as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and osteoprotective compounds. However, tocotrienol bioavailability presents an ongoing challenge in its translation into viable products. This is because tocotrienol oil is known to be a poorly water-soluble compound, making it difficult to be absorbed into the body and resulting in less effectiveness. With the potential and benefits of tocotrienol, new strategies to increase the bioavailability and efficacy of poorly absorbed tocotrienol are required when administered orally. One of the proposed formulation techniques was self-emulsification, which has proven its capacity to improve oral drug delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs by advancing the solubility and bioavailability of these active compounds. This review discusses the updated evidence on the bioavailability of tocotrienols formulated with self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) from in vivo and human studies. In short, SEDDSs formulation enhances the solubility and passive permeability of tocotrienol, thus improving its oral bioavailability and biological actions. This increases its medicinal and commercial value. Furthermore, the self-emulsifying formulation presents a useful dosage form that is absorbed in vivo independent of dietary fats with consistent and enhanced levels of tocotrienol isomers. Therefore, a lipid-based formulation technique can provide an additional detailed understanding of the oral bioavailability of tocotrienols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur-Vaizura Mohamad
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Silberstein S, Spierings ELH, Kunkel T. Celecoxib Oral Solution and the Benefits of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SMEDDS) Technology: A Narrative Review. Pain Ther 2023; 12:1109-1119. [PMID: 37329440 PMCID: PMC10444713 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-023-00529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oral route of drug delivery is the most widespread and preferred route of administration, but it has several limitations, including variable pharmacokinetics (PK), reduced dissolution and absorption, and gastrointestinal irritation. Further, many compounds have low aqueous solubility, which also limits intestinal absorption. METHODS For this narrative review, we conducted a literature search of PubMed until August 2022, focusing on emulsions, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. RESULTS The self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) overcomes these limitations of hydrophobic compounds to enhance their bioavailability. A SMEDDS formulation is a clear, thermodynamically stable, oil-in-water emulsion of lipid, solubilized drug, and two surfactants, which spontaneously forms droplets < 100 nm in diameter. These components help deliver presolubilized drugs to the gastrointestinal tract, while protecting them from degradation in gastric acid or first-pass hepatic metabolism. SMEDDS formulations have improved oral drug delivery in the treatment of cancer (paclitaxel), viral infections (ritonavir), and migraine headache (ibuprofen and celecoxib oral solution). The American Headache Society recently updated their consensus statement for the acute treatment of migraine and included a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitor formulated in SMEDDS, celecoxib oral solution. This SMEDDS formulation showed pronounced improvement in bioavailability compared with celecoxib capsules, allowing for a low dose of celecoxib in the oral solution to provide safe and effective acute migraine treatment. Here, we will focus on SMEDDS formulations, what differentiates them from other analogous emulsions as vehicles for poorly soluble drugs, and their clinical application in the acute treatment of migraine. CONCLUSIONS Oral drugs reformulated in SMEDDS have shown accelerated times to peak plasma drug concentrations and increased maximum plasma concentrations, compared with capsules, tablets, or suspensions. SMEDDS technology increases both drug absorption and bioavailability of lipophilic drugs, compared with other formulations. Clinically, this allows the use of lower doses with improved PK profiles without compromising efficacy, as shown with celecoxib oral solution for the acute treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Todd Kunkel
- Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc., 100 Technology Center Drive, Suite 300, Stoughton, MA, 02072, USA.
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Yilmaz Usta D, Olgac S, Timur B, Teksin ZS. Development and pharmacokinetic evaluation of Neusilin® US2-based S-SNEDDS tablets for bosentan: Fasted and fed states bioavailability, IVIS® real-time biodistribution, and ex-vivo imaging. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123219. [PMID: 37433349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The study reported here aimed to develop and optimize the S-SNEDDS tablet of bosentan (BOS) and to investigate its pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties. The BOS-loaded SNEDDS have been developed and characterized in a previous study. The BOS-loaded SNEDDS formulation was converted to S-SNEDDS using Neusilin® US2. The S-SNEDDS tablets were obtained using the direct compression technique, and in vitro dissolution, in vitro lipolysis, and ex-vivo permeability studies of the tablets were performed. The S-SNEDDS tablet and reference tablet (Tracleer®) were administered to male Wistar rats at 50 mg/kg dose by oral gavage in fasted and fed state conditions. The biodistribution of the S-SNEDDS tablet was investigated in Balb/c mice using fluorescent dye. The tablets were dispersed in distilled water before administration to animals. The relationship between in vitro dissolution data and in vivo plasma concentration was examined. The S-SNEDDS tablets showed 2.47, 7.49, 3.70, and 4.39 increases in the percentages of cumulative dissolution in FaSSIF, FeSSIF, FaSSIF-V2, and FeSSIF-V2, respectively, when compared to the reference, and increased the Cmax and AUC 2.65 and 1.28-fold and 4.73 and 2.37-fold in fasted and fed states, respectively, when compared to the reference. S-SNEDDS tablets also significantly reduced interindividual variability in both fasted and fed states (p < 0.05). The XenoLight™ DiR and VivoTag® 680XL labeled S-SNEDDS tablet formulation increased the real-time biodistribution in the body by factors of 2.4 and 3.4 and organ uptake and total emission increased by factors of 2.8 and 3.1, respectively. The IVIVR has been successfully established for S-SNEDDS tablets (R2 > 0.9). The present study confirms the potential of the S-SNEDDS tablet to enhance the in vitro and in vivo performance of BOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Yilmaz Usta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkiye.
| | - Seval Olgac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkiye.
| | - Burcu Timur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkiye; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Esenkoy, 67600, Zonguldak, Turkiye.
| | - Zeynep Safak Teksin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkiye.
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Kim KS, Na K, Bae YH. Nanoparticle oral absorption and its clinical translational potential. J Control Release 2023; 360:149-162. [PMID: 37348679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of pharmaceuticals is the most preferred route of administration for patients, but it is challenging to effectively deliver active ingredients (APIs) that i) have extremely high or low solubility in intestinal fluids, ii) are large in size, iii) are subject to digestive and/or metabolic enzymes present in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), brush border, and liver, and iv) are P-glycoprotein substrates. Over the past decades, efforts to increase the oral bioavailability of APIs have led to the development of nanoparticles (NPs) with non-specific uptake pathways (M cells, mucosal, and tight junctions) and target-specific uptake pathways (FcRn, vitamin B12, and bile acids). However, voluminous findings from preclinical models of different species rarely meet practical standards when translated to humans, and API concentrations in NPs are not within the adequate therapeutic window. Various NP oral delivery approaches studied so far show varying bioavailability impacted by a range of factors, such as species, GIT physiology, age, and disease state. This may cause difficulty in obtaining similar oral delivery efficacy when research results in animal models are translated into humans. This review describes the selection of parameters to be considered for translational potential when designing and developing oral NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sub Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea; Department of BioMedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - You Han Bae
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Lee TK, Hur G, Choi J, Ban C, Kim JY, Yang H, Park JHY, Lee KW, Kim JH. Enhancing stability and bioavailability of sulforaphene in radish seed extracts using nanoemulsion made with high oleic sunflower oil. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1269-1279. [PMID: 37362810 PMCID: PMC10290006 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of nanoemulsions on the stability and bioavailability of sulforaphene (SFEN) in radish seed extract (RSE) was investigated. Four types of oil were used as lipid ingredients of the nanoemulsions: soybean, high oleic acid sunflower, coconut, and hydrogenated palm oils. SFEN in RSE nanoemulsions showed greater stability to temperature, acid, and alkaline conditions than SFEN in RSE suspended in water (RSE-S). Particularly under alkaline conditions, the half-life of SFEN in the nanoemulsion with high oleic sunflower oil (RSE-HOSO) was 8 times longer than that of RSE-S. Furthermore, in the pharmacokinetics study, it was observed that AUC0-8 increased and oral clearance (CL/F) decreased significantly in rats orally administered RSE-HOSO compared with RSE-S (p < 0.05). This study indicates that the type of oil used in nanoemulsions affects the stability and bioavailability of SFEN in RSE. These results may provide a guideline for the development of functional foods containing RSE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01304-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Lee
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyun Hur
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyoon Choi
- Department of Next Generation Applied Sciences, Graduate School, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, 01133 Republic of Korea
| | - Choongjin Ban
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yea Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Fermentation and Brewing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, 01133 Republic of Korea
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Yamanouchi K, Ishimaru T, Kakuno T, Takemoto Y, Kawatsu S, Kondo K, Maruyama M, Higaki K. Improvement and characterization of oral absorption behavior of clofazimine by SNEDDS: Quantitative evaluation of extensive lymphatic transport. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 187:141-155. [PMID: 37076052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Clofazimine, an anti-leprosy drug, has been anticipated for a candidate to treat tuberculosis, cryptosporidiosis, and coronavirus infection, but its low oral bioavailability is considered a reason for its limited activity. In the current study, we have tried to improve the oral bioavailability of clofazimine by several SNEDDS formulations and characterized the absorption behavior from various aspects. Among four SNEDDS formulations prepared, SNEDDS A, prepared with castor oil as an oil component, provided the highest bioavailability (around 61%) and SNEDDS D, prepared with Capryol 90, gave the second highest bioavailability. SNEDDS A formed the finest nanoparticles, which were maintained under gastric and intestinal luminal conditions. The comparison in oral bioavailability between the SNEDDS formulation and its corresponding preformed nanoemulsion suggested that SNEDDS A would efficiently form nanoemulsion in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. AUC of mesenteric lymph node concentration was the highest for SNEDDS A, which would be one of the reasons for SNEDDS A to reveal the highest oral bioavailability. A cycloheximide-treated oral absorption study and single-pass perfusion study by utilizing a vascular-luminal perfused small intestine-liver preparation clearly indicated that over 90% of clofazimine absorbed to systemic circulation should be derived from lymphatic transport for both SNEDDS A and D. Furthermore, the fraction of dose absorbed was around 65% for SNEDDS D, but SNEDDS A achieved around 94%, indicating the excellent performance of SNEDDS A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yamanouchi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd. 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ishimaru
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Takuya Kakuno
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Department, Nipro Co. 3023 Noji-cho, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0055, Japan
| | - Yuki Takemoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sho Kawatsu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Formulation Design, Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology, Astellas Pharma Inc. 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Keiji Kondo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Preformulation Research Laboratory, CMC Headquarters, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 224-18 Hiraishi Ebisuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0182, Japan
| | - Masato Maruyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Higaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Han S, Quach T, Hu L, Lim SF, Zheng D, Leong NJ, Sharma G, Bonner D, Simpson JS, Trevaskis NL, Porter CJH. Increasing Linker Chain Length and Intestinal Stability Enhances Lymphatic Transport and Lymph Node Exposure of Triglyceride Mimetic Prodrugs of a Model Immunomodulator Mycophenolic Acid. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2675-2685. [PMID: 36996486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of immunomodulators to the lymphatic system has the potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy by increasing colocalization of drugs with immune targets such as lymphocytes. A triglyceride (TG)-mimetic prodrug strategy has been recently shown to enhance the lymphatic delivery of a model immunomodulator, mycophenolic acid (MPA), via incorporation into the intestinal TG deacylation-reacylation and lymph lipoprotein transport pathways. In the current study, a series of structurally related TG prodrugs of MPA were examined to optimize structure-lymphatic transport relationships for lymph-directing lipid-mimetic prodrugs. MPA was conjugated to the sn-2 position of the glyceride backbone of the prodrugs using linkers of different chain length (5-21 carbons) and the effect of methyl substitutions at the alpha and/or beta carbons to the glyceride end of the linker was examined. Lymphatic transport was assessed in mesenteric lymph duct cannulated rats, and drug exposure in lymph nodes was examined following oral administration to mice. Prodrug stability in simulated intestinal digestive fluid was also evaluated. Prodrugs with straight chain linkers were relatively unstable in simulated intestinal fluid; however, co-administration of lipase inhibitors (JZL184 and orlistat) was able to reduce instability and increase lymphatic transport (2-fold for a prodrug with a 6-carbon spacer, i.e., MPA-C6-TG). Methyl substitutions to the chain resulted in similar trends in improving intestinal stability and lymphatic transport. Medium- to long-chain spacers (C12, C15) between MPA and the glyceride backbone were most effective in promoting lymphatic transport, consistent with increases in lipophilicity. In contrast, short-chain (C6-C10) linkers appeared to be too unstable in the intestine and insufficiently lipophilic to associate with lymph lipid transport pathways, while very long-chain (C18, C21) linkers were also not preferred, likely as a result of increases in molecular weight reducing solubility or permeability. In addition to more effectively promoting drug transport into mesenteric lymph, TG-mimetic prodrugs based on a C12 linker resulted in marked increases (>40 fold) in the exposure of MPA in the mesenteric lymph nodes in mice when compared to administration of MPA alone, suggesting that optimizing prodrug design has the potential to provide benefit in targeting and modulating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Quach
- PureTech Health, 6 Tide Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Bonner
- PureTech Health, 6 Tide Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jamie S Simpson
- PureTech Health, 6 Tide Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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11
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Serum and lymph pharmacokinetics of nilotinib delivered by yeast glucan particles per os. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122627. [PMID: 36693484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nilotinib is a selective tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. It is poorly soluble in aqueous media and has a low oral bioavailability. Nilotinib encapsulation into yeast glucan particles (GPs) was investigated in this work as a means of increasing bioavailability. The amorphization of nilotinib in GPs resulted in an increased dissolution rate, which was confirmed by in vitro experiments using biorelevant dissolution media. Simultaneously, GPs containing nilotinib were effectively taken up by macrophages, which was quantified in vitro on cell cultures. The overall oral bioavailability in a rat model was approximately 39 % for nilotinib delivered in a reference formulation (Tasigna) and was almost doubled when delivered in GPs. The contribution of glucan particles to the lymphatic transport of nilotinib was quantified. When delivered by GPs, cumulative nilotinib absorption via the lymphatic system increased by a factor of 10.8 compared to the reference, but still represented arelative bioavailability of only 1.12 %. The cumulative uptake of GPs in the lymph was found to be 0.54 mg after a single dose of 50 mg. Yeast glucan particles can therefore serve as a drug delivery vehicle with a dual function: dissolution rate enhancement by amorphization, and, to asmaller extent, lymphatic delivery due to macrophage uptake.
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12
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Hsieh CM, Yang TL, Putri AD, Chen CT. Application of Design of Experiments in the Development of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:283. [PMID: 37259427 PMCID: PMC9958669 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery has become the route of choice among all other types of drug administrations. However, typical chronic disease drugs are often poorly water-soluble, have low dissolution rates, and undergo first-pass metabolism, ultimately leading to low bioavailability and lack of efficacy. The lipid-based formulation offers tremendous benefits of using versatile excipients and has great compatibility with all types of dosage forms. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) promotes drug self-emulsification in a combination of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, thereby facilitating better drug solubility and absorption. The feasible preparation of SMEDDS creates a promising strategy to improve the drawbacks of lipophilic drugs administered orally. Selecting a decent mixing among these components is, therefore, of importance for successful SMEDDS. Quality by Design (QbD) brings a systematic approach to drug development, and it offers promise to significantly improve the manufacturing quality performance of SMEDDS. Furthermore, it could be benefited efficiently by conducting pre-formulation studies integrated with the statistical design of experiment (DoE). In this review, we highlight the recent findings for the development of microemulsions and SMEDDS by using DoE methods to optimize the formulations for drugs in different excipients with controllable ratios. A brief overview of DoE concepts is discussed, along with its technical benefits in improving SMEDDS formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Lun Yang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Athika Darumas Putri
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semarang College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (STIFAR), Semarang City 50192, Indonesia
| | - Chin-Tin Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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13
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Obesity-associated mesenteric lymph leakage impairs the trafficking of lipids, lipophilic drugs and antigens from the intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:319-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Guo Z, Liu Y, Luo Y. Mechanisms of carotenoid intestinal absorption and the regulation of dietary lipids: lipid transporter-mediated transintestinal epithelial pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1791-1816. [PMID: 36069234 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dietary lipids are key ingredients during cooking, processing, and seasoning of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables, playing vitals in affecting the absorption and utilization of carotenoids for achieving their health benefits. Besides, dietary lipids have also been extensively studied to construct various delivery systems for carotenoids, such as micro/nanoparticles, micro/nanoemulsions, and liposomes. Currently, the efficacies of these techniques on improving carotenoid bioavailability are often evaluated using the micellization rate or "bioaccessibility" based on in vitro models. However, recent studies have found that dietary lipids may also affect the carotenoid uptake via intestinal epithelial cells and the efflux of intracellular chyle particles via lipid transporters. An increasing number of studies reveal the varied impact of different dietary lipids on the absorption of different carotenoids and some lipids may even have an inhibitory effect. Consequently, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the addition of dietary lipids and the intestinal absorption of carotenoid to fully understand the role of lipids during this process. This paper first introduces the intestinal absorption mechanism of carotenoids, including the effect of bile salts and lipases on mixed micelles, the types and regulation of lipid transporters, intracellular metabolizing enzymes, and the efflux process of chyle particles. Then, the regulatory mechanism of dietary lipids during intestinal carotenoid absorption is further discussed. Finally, the importance of selecting the dietary lipids for the absorption and utilization of different carotenoids and the design of an efficient delivery carrier are emphasized. This review provides suggestions for precise dietary carotenoid supplementation and offere an important reference for constructing efficient transport carriers for liposoluble nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Guo
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangchao Luo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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15
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Khan MA, Ullah K, Rahman NU, Mahmood A, Müllertz A, Mannan A, Murtaza G, Khan SA. Formulation, characterization and in-vitro evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system containing rhamnolipid biosurfactant. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Recent Advances in Oral Peptide or Protein-Based Drug Liposomes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091072. [PMID: 36145293 PMCID: PMC9501131 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high physiology and low toxicity of therapeutic peptides and proteins have made them a hot spot for drug development in recent years. However, their poor oral bioavailability and unstable metabolism make their clinical application difficult. The bilayer membrane of liposomes provides protection for the drug within the compartment, and their high biocompatibility makes the drug more easily absorbed by the body. However, phospholipids—which form the membranes—are subjected to various digestive enzymes and mucosal adhesion in the digestive tract and disintegrate before absorption. Improvements in the composition of liposomes or modifying their surface can enhance the stability of the liposomes in the gastrointestinal tract. This article reviews the basic strategies for liposome preparation and surface modification that promote the oral administration of therapeutic polypeptides.
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17
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A lymphatic-absorbed multi-targeted kinase inhibitor for myelofibrosis therapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4730. [PMID: 35977945 PMCID: PMC9386018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of compensatory signaling nodes in cancer often requires combination therapies that are frequently plagued by dose-limiting toxicities. Intestinal lymphatic drug absorption is seldom explored, although reduced toxicity and sustained drug levels would be anticipated to improve systemic bioavailability. A potent orally bioavailable multi-functional kinase inhibitor (LP-182) is described with intrinsic lymphatic partitioning for the combined targeting of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways without observable toxicity. We demonstrate selectivity and therapeutic efficacy through reduction of downstream kinase activation, amelioration of disease phenotypes, and improved survival in animal models of myelofibrosis. Our further characterization of synthetic and physiochemical properties for small molecule lymphatic uptake will support continued advancements in lymphatropic therapy for altering disease trajectories of a myriad of human disease indications. Combination therapies simultaneously inhibiting different therapeutic targets in cancer is challenged by individual pharmacokinetic profiles. Here, the authors generate an orally provided multi-targeted kinase inhibitor that is lymphatic absorbed and increases survival in a murine model of myelofibrosis.
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18
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Bar-Hai A, Domb AJ, Hoffman A. Strategies for enhancing the oral bioavailability of cannabinoids. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:313-322. [PMID: 35818714 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2099837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral administration of cannabinoids is a convenient route of administration in many cases. To enhance the poor and variable bioavailability of cannabinoids, selected strategies utilizing proper delivery systems have been designed. Low solubility in the GI aqueous media is the first and most critical barrier. Thereafter, cannabinoids can reach the systemic blood circulation via the portal vein that is associated with significant hepatic first pass metabolism (FPM) or bypass it via lymphatic absorption. AREAS COVERED The solubility obstacle of cannabinoids is mainly addressed with lipid-based formulations such as self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). Certain lipids are used to overcome the solubility issue. Surfactants and other additives in the formulation have additional impact on several barriers, including dictating the degree of lymphatic bioavailability and hepatic FPM. Gastro-retentive formulation is also plausible. EXPERT OPINION Comparison of the role of the same SNEDDS formulation, cyclosporine vs. cannabinoids, when used to elevate the oral bioavailability of different compounds, is presented. It illustrates some similarities and major mechanistic differences obtained by the same SNEDDS. Thus, the different influence over the absorption pathway illuminates the importance of understanding the absorption mechanism and its barriers to properly select appropriate strategies to achieve enhanced oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayala Bar-Hai
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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19
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Long chain triglyceride-lipid formulation promotes the oral absorption of the lipidic prodrugs through coincident intestinal behaviors. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:122-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are a proven method for poorly soluble substances works by increasing the solubility and bioavailability. SEDDS and isotropic mixtures, are composed of oils, surfactants, and occasionally cosolvents. The ability of these formulations and methods to produce microemulsions or fine oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions after moderate stirring and dilution by water phase along the GI tract might be a promising technique for lipophilic agents with dissolution rate-limited absorption. This review provides an outline of SEDDS's numerous advances and biopharmaceutical elements, types, manufacturing, characterization, limitations, and future prospects. The evaluation of SEDDS and its applications are also discussed, focusing on the advances of SEDDS's solid self-emulsifying delivery mechanism and dosage form. By integrating suitable polymer into the formulation, SEDDS may be studied for the creation of a formulation with sustained drug release. This technology's improvement might lead to a new application in the field of medicine delivery. SEDDS has been demonstrated to be quite efficient in increasing oral bioavailability of lipophilic products. SEDDS is one of the promising methods for controlling the characteristics of medications that are not great choices for oral delivery. It is also worth mentioning that SEDDS may be made in variety of solid dosage forms that are acceptable for both oral and parenteral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Goo YT, Sa CK, Kim MS, Sin GH, Kim CH, Kim HK, Kang MJ, Lee S, Choi YW. Enhanced dissolution and bioavailability of revaprazan using self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:414-424. [PMID: 35467467 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2070644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was developed to enhance the dissolution and oral bioavailability (BA) of revaprazan (RVP). Various SNEDDSs containing 200 mg of RVP were formulated using Capmul MCM, Tween 80, and Brij L4, and they were characterized according to their size, polydispersity index, and dissolution behavior. Dissolution rates of all SNEDDS formulations significantly (p <0.05) improved with the formation of nanoemulsion with monodispersity. Formulation D resulted in RVP dissolution exceeding 70% at 2 h. Compared to raw RVP, SNEDDS exhibited a 4.8- to 7.4-fold improved effective permeability coefficient (Peff) throughout the intestine in the in situ single pass intestinal permeability study and a 5.1-fold increased oral BA in the in vivo oral absorption assessment in rats. To evaluate the degree of lymphatic uptake, cycloheximide (CYC), a chylomicron flowing blocker, was pretreated prior to the experiment. This pretreatment barely affected the absorption of raw RVP; however, it greatly influenced the absorption of SNEDDS, resulting in an approximately 40% reduction in both the Peff value and oral BA representing lymphatic transport. Thus, we suggest that the SNEDDS formulation is a good candidate for improving oral absorption of RVP through enhanced lymphatic uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ki Sa
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Song Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hyeong Sin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Kyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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22
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Chen Y, Kong Y, Juhasz A, Li H, Zhang R, Cui X. Influence of Dietary Lipid Type on the Bioavailability of DDT and Its Metabolites in Soil: Mechanisms and Health Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5102-5110. [PMID: 35384671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of dietary lipid type on DDTr (DDT and its metabolites) relative bioavailability (RBA) in soil was investigated using an in vivo mouse model and in vitro assays. Three different lipids were long chain triglycerides (LCT), medium chain triglycerides (MCT), and short chain triglycerides (SCT). DDTr-RBA markedly (p < 0.05) increased from 51.3 ± 10.8% (control) to 94.6 ± 15.9% (10% w/w LCT) and 112 ± 20.8% (20% LCT) in LCT amended treatments. A significant increase in DDTr-RBA (92.2 ± 9.84%, p < 0.05) was also observed when mice were administered diets containing 20% MCT; however, no influence on DDTr-RBA was observed for SCT amended diets. Mechanism exploration showed that LCT and MCT enhanced DDTr solubilization by a factor of 7.31-9.59 compared to controls as a consequence of micelle formation which promoted DDTr mobilization from soil. LCT significantly enhanced DDTr intestinal absorption via increasing synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein B 48 (32.2 ± 2.08 mg/L), compared to MCT (22.1 ± 1.32 mg/L) and SCT (15.5 ± 2.03 mg/L) treated Caco-2 cells. Mouse gut microflora analysis highlighted that LCT and MCT may increase intestinal permeability by regulating abundance of Lactobacillus, which may influence the absorption of DDTr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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23
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USTA DYILMAZ, TIMUR B, TEKSIN ZS. Formulation development, optimization by Box- Behnken design, characterization, in vitro, ex-vivo, and in vivo evaluation of bosentan-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system: A novel alternative dosage form for pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 174:106159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Seo EB, du Plessis LH, Viljoen JM. Solidification of Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems as a Novel Approach to the Management of Uncomplicated Malaria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020120. [PMID: 35215233 PMCID: PMC8877057 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria affects millions of people annually, especially in third-world countries. The mainstay of treatment is oral anti-malarial drugs and vaccination. An increase in resistant strains of malaria parasites to most of the current anti-malarial drugs adds to the global burden. Moreover, existing and new anti-malarial drugs are hampered by significantly poor aqueous solubility and low permeability, resulting in low oral bioavailability and patient noncompliance. Lipid formulations are commonly used to increase solubility and efficacy and decrease toxicity. The present review discusses the findings from studies focusing on specialised oral lipophilic drug delivery systems, including self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs). SEDDSs facilitate the spontaneous formation of liquid emulsions that effectively solubilise the incorporated drugs into the gastrointestinal tract and thereby improve the absorption of poorly-soluble anti-malaria drugs. However, traditional SEDDSs are normally in liquid dosage forms, which are delivered orally to the site of absorption, and are hampered by poor stability. This paper discusses novel solidification techniques that can easily and economically be up-scaled due to already existing industrial equipment that could be utilised. This method could, furthermore, improve product stability and patient compliance. The possible impact that solid oral SEDDSs can play in the fight against malaria is highlighted.
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25
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Landh E, Wang R, Moir LM, Traini D, Young PM, Ong HX. Prospective nanoparticle treatments for lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:75-86. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2029401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Landh
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roger Wang
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lyn M. Moir
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul M. Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
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26
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Yoshida T, Kojima H, Sako K, Kondo H. Drug delivery to the intestinal lymph by oral formulations. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:175-189. [PMID: 35037843 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery systems (DDS) targeting lymphocytes in intestinal lymphatic vessels, ducts, and nodes are useful for treating diverse diseases. The intestinal lymph harbors numerous lymphocyte subsets, and DDS containing lipids such as triglycerides and fatty acids can deliver drugs to the lymph through the chylomicron pathway. DDS are efficient, thus allowing the administration of reduced drug doses, which mitigate systemic adverse effects. Here we review orally administered lipid formulations comprising oil solutions, suspensions, micro/nanoemulsions, self-micro/nano emulsifying DDS, liposomes, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers for targeting drugs to the lymph. We first describe the structures of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes and the oral absorption of lipids and drugs into the intestinal lymph. We next summarize the effects of the properties and amounts of lipids and drugs delivered into the lymph and lymphocytes, as well as their effects on drug delivery ratios of lymph to blood. Finally, we describe lymphatic DDS containing saquinavir, tacrolimus, and methotrexate, and their potency that reduce drug concentrations in blood, which are associated with systemic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yoshida
- Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs., Astellas Pharma Inc., Yaizu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs., Astellas Pharma Inc., Yaizu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sako
- Corporate Advocacy, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1, Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kondo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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27
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Qu C, Li QP, Su ZR, Ip SP, Yuan QJ, Xie YL, Xu QQ, Yang W, Huang YF, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Nano-Honokiol ameliorates the cognitive deficits in TgCRND8 mice of Alzheimer's disease via inhibiting neuropathology and modulating gut microbiota. J Adv Res 2022; 35:231-243. [PMID: 35024199 PMCID: PMC8721355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Honokiol (HO) exerts neuroprotective effects in several animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the poor dissolution hampers its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Objectives A novel honokiol nanoscale drug delivery system (Nano-HO) with smaller size and excellent stability was developed in this study to improve the solubility and bioavailability of HO. The anti-AD effects of Nano-HO was determined. Methods Male TgCRND8 mice were daily orally administered Nano-HO or HO at the same dosage (20 mg/kg) for 17 consecutive weeks, followed by assessment of the spatial learning and memory functions using the Morris Water Maze test (MWMT). Results Our pharmacokinetic study indicated that the oral bioavailability was greatly improved by Nano-HO. In addition, Nano-HO significantly improved cognitive deficits and inhibited neuroinflammation via suppressing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the brain, preventing the activation of microglia (IBA-1) and astrocyte (GFAP), and reducing β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the cortex and hippocampus of TgCRND8 mice. Moreover, Nano-HO was more effective than HO in modulating amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing via suppressing β-secretase, as well as enhancing Aβ-degrading enzymes like neprilysin (NEP). Furthermore, Nano-HO more markedly inhibited tau hyperphosphorylation via decreasing the ratio of p-Tau (Thr 205)/tau and regulating tau-related apoptosis proteins (caspase-3 and Bcl-2). In addition, Nano-HO more markedly attenuated the ratios of p-JNK/JNK and p-35/CDK5, while enhancing the ratio of p-GSK-3β (Ser9)/GSK-3β. Finally, Nano-HO prevented the gut microflora dysbiosis in TgCRND8 mice in a more potent manner than free HO. Conclusion Nano-HO was more potent than free HO in improving cognitive impairments in TgCRND8 mice via inhibiting Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation through suppressing the activation of JNK/CDK5/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Nano-HO also more potently modulated the gut microbiota community to protect its stability than free HO. These results suggest that Nano-HO has good potential for further development into therapeutic agent for AD treatment.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- APH-1, anterior pharynx-defective-1
- APP, amyloid precursor protein
- Aβ, β-amyloid
- BACE-1, β-site APP cleaving enzyme-1
- Bcl-2, B cell lymphoma-2
- CDK5, cyclin-dependent kinase 5
- CMC-Na, sodium carboxymethylcellulose
- Cognitive deficits
- GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β
- Gut microbiota
- HO, Honokiol
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- Honokiol nanoscale drug delivery system
- IDE, insulin degrading enzyme
- IL-1β, interleukin 1β
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- MCT, Medium-chain triglycerides
- MWMT, Morris Water Maze test
- NEP, neprilysin
- NFTs, neurofibrillary tangles
- Nano-HO, honokiol nanoscale drug delivery system
- Neuroinflammation
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDI, poly-dispersity index
- PS-1, presenilin-1
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TEM, transmission electron microscope
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor
- Tau protein hyperphosphorylation
- TgCRND8 mice
- WT, wild type
- ZP, zeta potential
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Qu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qiao-Ping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Siu-Po Ip
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qiu-Ju Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - You-Liang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yan-Feng Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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28
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Ryu S, Jin M, Lee HK, Wang MH, Baek JS, Cho CW. Effects of lipid nanoparticles on physicochemical properties, cellular uptake, and lymphatic uptake of 6-methoxflavone. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Vanti G, Muti L, D’Ambrosio M, Grifoni L, Bergonzi MC, Luceri C, Bilia AR. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Can Enhance Oral Absorption of Khellin, a Natural Pleiotropic Molecule. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247657. [PMID: 34946734 PMCID: PMC8705784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel formulation based on nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) was developed to increase solubility and intestinal absorption of khellin. K-NLCs were prepared with stearic acid, hempseed oil, Brij S20, and Labrafil M 1944 CS, using the emulsification-ultrasonication method. Developed nanoparticles were chemically and physically characterized by liquid chromatography, light scattering techniques, and electron microscopy. The size, about 200 nm, was optimal for oral delivery, and the polydispersity index (around 0.26), indicated high sample homogeneity. Additionally, K-NLCs showed a spherical morphology without aggregation by microscopic analysis. The encapsulation efficiency of khellin was about 55%. In vitro release studies were carried out in media with different pH to mimic physiological conditions. K-NLCs were found to be physically stable in the simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, and they preserved about 70% of khellin after 6 h incubation. K-NLCs were also successfully lyophilized testing different lyoprotectants, and obtained freeze-dried K-NLCs demonstrated good shelf life over a month. Lastly, permeability studies on Caco-2 cells were performed to predict khellin passive diffusion across the intestinal epithelium, demonstrating that nanoparticles increased khellin permeability by more than two orders of magnitude. Accordingly, developed NLCs loaded with khellin represent a versatile formulation with good biopharmaceutical properties for oral administration, possibly enhancing khellin's bioavailability and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vanti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.V.); (L.M.); (L.G.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Lucrezia Muti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.V.); (L.M.); (L.G.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Mario D’Ambrosio
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Lucia Grifoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.V.); (L.M.); (L.G.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.V.); (L.M.); (L.G.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.V.); (L.M.); (L.G.); (M.C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-4573708
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30
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Elz AS, Trevaskis NL, Porter CJH, Bowen JM, Prestidge CA. Smart design approaches for orally administered lipophilic prodrugs to promote lymphatic transport. J Control Release 2021; 341:676-701. [PMID: 34896450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Challenges to effective delivery of drugs following oral administration has attracted growing interest over recent decades. Small molecule drugs (<1000 Da) are generally absorbed across the gastrointestinal tract into the portal blood and further transported to the systemic circulation via the liver. This can result in a significant reduction to the oral bioavailability of drugs that are metabolically labile and ultimately lead to ineffective exposure and treatment. Targeting drug delivery to the intestinal lymphatics is attracting increased attention as an alternative route of drug transportation providing multiple benefits. These include bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism and selectively targeting disease reservoirs residing within the lymphatic system. The particular physicochemical requirements for drugs to be able to access the lymphatics after oral delivery include high lipophilicity (logP>5) and high long-chain triglyceride solubility (> 50 mg/g), properties required to enable drug association with the lipoprotein transport pathway. The majority of small molecule drugs, however, are not this lipophilic and therefore not substantially transported via the intestinal lymph. This has contributed to a growing body of investigation into prodrug approaches to deliver drugs to the lymphatic system by chemical manipulation. Optimised lipophilic prodrugs have the potential to increase lymphatic transport thereby improving oral pharmacokinetics via a reduction in first pass metabolism and may also target of disease-specific reservoirs within the lymphatics. This may provide advantages for current pharmacotherapy approaches for a wide array of pathological conditions, e.g. immune disease, cancer and metabolic disease, and also presents a promising approach for advanced vaccination strategies. In this review, specific emphasis is placed on medicinal chemistry strategies that have been successfully employed to design lipophilic prodrugs to deliberately enable lymphatic transport. Recent progress and opportunities in medicinal chemistry and drug delivery that enable new platforms for efficacious and safe delivery of drugs are critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia S Elz
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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31
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Kim Y, Ereifej ES, Schwartzman WE, Meade SM, Chen K, Rayyan J, Feng H, Aluri V, Mueller NN, Bhambra R, Bhambra S, Taylor DM, Capadona JR. Investigation of the Feasibility of Ventricular Delivery of Resveratrol to the Microelectrode Tissue Interface. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1446. [PMID: 34945296 PMCID: PMC8708660 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) are essential to basic brain research and clinical brain-machine interfacing applications. However, the foreign body response to IMEs results in chronic inflammation and an increase in levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The current study builds on our previous work, by testing a new delivery method of a promising antioxidant as a means of extending intracortical microelectrodes performance. While resveratrol has shown efficacy in improving tissue response, chronic delivery has proven difficult because of its low solubility in water and low bioavailability due to extensive first pass metabolism. (2) Methods: Investigation of an intraventricular delivery of resveratrol in rats was performed herein to circumvent bioavailability hurdles of resveratrol delivery to the brain. (3) Results: Intraventricular delivery of resveratrol in rats delivered resveratrol to the electrode interface. However, intraventricular delivery did not have a significant impact on electrophysiological recordings over the six-week study. Histological findings indicated that rats receiving intraventricular delivery of resveratrol had a decrease of oxidative stress, yet other biomarkers of inflammation were found to be not significantly different from control groups. However, investigation of the bioavailability of resveratrol indicated a decrease in resveratrol accumulation in the brain with time coupled with inconsistent drug elution from the cannulas. Further inspection showed that there may be tissue or cellular debris clogging the cannulas, resulting in variable elution, which may have impacted the results of the study. (4) Conclusions: These results indicate that the intraventricular delivery approach described herein needs further optimization, or may not be well suited for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Evon S. Ereifej
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William E. Schwartzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Seth M. Meade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Keying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jacob Rayyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - He Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Varoon Aluri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Natalie N. Mueller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Raman Bhambra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sahaj Bhambra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Dawn M. Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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32
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Dully M, Bhattacharya S, Verma V, Murray D, Thompson D, Soulimane T, Hudson SP. Balanced lipase interactions for degradation-controlled paclitaxel release from lipid cubic phase formulations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:978-991. [PMID: 34571316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipid cubic phase (LCP) formulations enhance the intestinal solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs by reducing precipitation and facilitating their mass transport to the intestinal surface for absorption. LCPs with an ester linkage connecting the acyl chain to the glycerol backbone (monoacylglycerols), are susceptible to chemical digestion by several lipolytic enzymes including lipases, accelerating the release of hydrophobic agents from the lipid bilayers of the matrix. Unlike regular enzymes that transform soluble substrates, lipolytic enzymes act at the interface of water and insoluble lipid. Therefore, compounds that bind to this interface can enhance or inhibit the activity of enzymes to varying extent. Here, we explore how the lipolysis rate can be tuned by the interfacial interaction of porcine pancreatic lipase with monoolein LCPs containing a known lipase inhibitor, tetrahydrolipstatin. Release of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class IV drug, paclitaxel, from the inhibitor-modified LCP was examined in the presence of lipase and its effectors colipase and calcium. By combining experimental dynamic digestion studies, thermodynamic measurements and molecular dynamics simulations of the competitive inhibition of lipase by tetrahydrolipstatin, we reveal the role and mode of action of lipase effectors in creating a precisely-balanced degradation-controlled LCP release system for the poorly soluble paclitaxel drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dully
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Shayon Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - David Murray
- COOK Ireland Limited, O'Halloran Rd, Castletroy, Co., Limerick, Ireland
| | - Damien Thompson
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
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33
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Kurtanidze M, Butkhuzi T, Tikanadze I, Chaladze R, Gvaramia M, Nanobashvili K, Alexishvili M, Toidze P, Rukhadze M. Interaction of Surface Active Drug Promethazine Hydrochloride with Surfactants: Drug Release from Microemulsions. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-2020-2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The interaction of surface-active drugs with surfactants, used in the simulation of artificial membranes by direct and reversed micelles, mainly determines the transport of drugs in the body and the complex process of the binding to receptors. Besides, the delivery of drugs into the body via microemulsions has been successfully used to reduce the first-pass metabolism. The structure of mixed reverse microemulsions based on the ionic surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) and the cationic surface active drug promethazine hydrochloride (PMT) was studied spectroscopically in the infrared and UV-visible regions, as well as using electrical conductivity and dynamic light scattering. The release profile of PMT from AOT-based microemulsions was studied using cellulose dialysis bags. The introduction of PMT additive into the water pockets of reverse AOT micelles leads to: a) an increase in free water fraction and a decrease in bound water fraction; b) changing the chromatographic retention factors of the model compounds; c) insignificant influence on the values of the binding constant of optical probe o-nitroaniline with the head groups of AOT; d) quenching of water-induced percolation in electrical conductance of reverse AOT microemulsions; e) a slight decrease in the size of water droplets at the same values of the molar ratio of water/surfactant. The release of PMT from the aqueous system obeys Fick’s law of diffusion (n = 0.4852), and the release of PMT from microemulsions is based on non-Fickian or anomalous diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoni Kurtanidze
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia
| | - Tinatin Butkhuzi
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia
| | - Irma Tikanadze
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia
| | - Rusudan Chaladze
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia
| | - Manuchar Gvaramia
- Laboratory of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, University of Geneva , Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Ketevan Nanobashvili
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia
| | - Maka Alexishvili
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Tbilisi State Medical University , Tbilisi , Georgia
| | - Polina Toidze
- Research Institute of Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Georgian Technical University , Tbilisi , Georgia
| | - Marina Rukhadze
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia
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Ryšánek P, Grus T, Lukáč P, Kozlík P, Křížek T, Pozniak J, Roušarová J, Královičová J, Kutinová Canová N, Boleslavská T, Bosák J, Štěpánek F, Šíma M, Slanař O. Validity of cycloheximide chylomicron flow blocking method for the evaluation of lymphatic transport of drugs. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4663-4674. [PMID: 34365639 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lymphatic transport of drugs after oral administration is an important mechanism for absorption of highly lipophilic compounds. Direct measurement in lymph duct cannulated animals is the gold standard method, but non-invasive cycloheximide chylomicron flow blocking method has gained popularity recently. However, concerns about its reliability have been raised. The aim of this work was to investigate the validity of cycloheximide chylomicron flow blocking method for the evaluation of lymphatic transport using model compounds with high to very high lipophilicity, that is, abiraterone and cinacalcet. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Series of pharmacokinetic studies were conducted with abiraterone acetate and cinacalcet hydrochloride after enteral/intravenous administration to intact, lymph duct cannulated and/or cycloheximide pre-treated rats. KEY RESULTS Mean total absolute oral bioavailability of abiraterone and cinacalcet was 7.0% and 28.7%, respectively. There was a large and significant overestimation of the lymphatic transport extent by the cycloheximide method. Mean relative lymphatic bioavailability of abiraterone and cinacalcet in cycloheximide method was 28-fold and 3-fold higher than in cannulation method, respectively. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Cycloheximide chylomicron flow blocking method did not provide reliable results on lymphatic absorption and substantially overestimated lymphatic transport for both molecules, that is, abiraterone and cinacalcet. This non-invasive method should not be used for the assessment of lymphatic transport and previously obtained data should be critically revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Ryšánek
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Grus
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Lukáč
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pozniak
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Roušarová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Královičová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolina Kutinová Canová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Boleslavská
- Preformulation and Biopharmacy Department/Clinical Development Department, Zentiva, k.s, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bosák
- Preformulation and Biopharmacy Department/Clinical Development Department, Zentiva, k.s, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Štěpánek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šíma
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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35
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Zhang Z, Lu Y, Qi J, Wu W. An update on oral drug delivery via intestinal lymphatic transport. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2449-2468. [PMID: 34522594 PMCID: PMC8424224 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orally administered drug entities have to survive the harsh gastrointestinal environment, penetrate the enteric epithelia and circumvent hepatic metabolism before reaching the systemic circulation. Whereas the gastrointestinal stability can be well maintained by taking proper measures, hepatic metabolism presents as a formidable barrier to drugs suffering from first-pass metabolism. The pharmaceutical academia and industries are seeking alternative pathways for drug transport to circumvent problems associated with the portal pathway. Intestinal lymphatic transport is emerging as a promising pathway to this end. In this review, we intend to provide an updated overview on the rationale, strategies, factors and applications involved in intestinal lymphatic transport. There are mainly two pathways for peroral lymphatic transport-the chylomicron and the microfold cell pathways. The underlying mechanisms are being unraveled gradually and nowadays witness increasing research input and applications.
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Key Words
- ACQ, aggregation-caused quenching
- ASRT, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
- AUC, area under curve
- BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system
- CM, chylomicron
- Chylomicron
- DC, dendritic cell
- DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
- DTX, docetaxel
- Drug absorption
- Drug carriers
- Drug delivery
- FA, fatty acid
- FAE, follicle-associated epithelia
- FRET, Föster resonance energy transfer
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDV, Leu-Asp-Val
- LDVp, LDV peptidomimetic
- Lymphatic transport
- M cell, microfold cells
- MG, monoglyceride
- MPA, mycophenolic acid
- MPS, mononuclear phagocyte system
- Microfold cell
- Nanoparticles
- OA, oleate
- Oral
- PCL, polycaprolactone
- PEG-PLA, polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic acid)
- PEI, polyethyleneimine
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol)
- RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp
- RGDp, RGD peptidomimetic
- SEDDS, self-emulsifying drug delivery system
- SLN, solid lipid nanoparticles
- SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TG, triglyceride
- TPGS, D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate
- TU, testosterone undecanoate
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- YCW, yeast cell wall
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
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36
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Dille MJ, Baydin T, Kristiansen KA, Draget KI. The impact of emulsion droplet size on in vitro lipolysis rate and in vivo plasma uptake kinetics of triglycerides and vitamin D 3 in rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:3219-3232. [PMID: 33877246 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03386c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emulsions play an important role in the process of triglyceride (TG) digestion (lipolysis). Through emulsification, the oil-water interface is increased by orders of magnitude. This often leads to faster and more efficient lipolysis, which is potentially beneficial for the intestinal uptake of oils and lipophilic compounds. In this paper, we first examined the effect of emulsion droplet size on the in vitro lipolysis rate. Then an in vivo experiment was performed, to examine the plasma uptake kinetics of TGs and vitamin D3 (vitD3) over a 24 hours period after oral administration of the emulsions in rats. Basic corn oil emulsions loaded with vitD3 were prepared using polysorbate 80 as the emulsifier, with three different droplet sizes (D[3,2]): ∼3 μm (large), ∼1 μm (medium) and ∼0.3 μm (small). In vitro lipolysis experiments showed, as expected, that smaller droplets were lipolyzed more rapidly. However, the medium emulsion had by far the highest rate of lipolysis per surface area. This was attributed to bile salt limitation, polysorbate 80 lipolysis inhibition and TG digestion product accumulation. In vivo, the two smallest emulsions showed the highest uptake (Cmax and AUC) of vitD3 and TG, while the largest emulsion and bulk oil control showed lower values. However, only the (incremental) TG plasma values and kinetics displayed some statistically significant differences. These findings may have relevance for the formulation of functional foods/beverages or delivery units containing oils or lipophilic bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten J Dille
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Yaghmur A, Mu H. Recent advances in drug delivery applications of cubosomes, hexosomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:871-885. [PMID: 33996404 PMCID: PMC8105777 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lipid nanocarriers for drug delivery applications is an active research area, and a great interest has particularly been shown in the past two decades. Among different lipid nanocarriers, ISAsomes (Internally self-assembled somes or particles), including cubosomes and hexosomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have unique structural features, making them attractive as nanocarriers for drug delivery. In this contribution, we focus exclusively on recent advances in formation and characterization of ISAsomes, mainly cubosomes and hexosomes, and their use as versatile nanocarriers for different drug delivery applications. Additionally, the advantages of SLNs and their application in oral and pulmonary drug delivery are discussed with focus on the biological fates of these lipid nanocarriers in vivo. Despite the demonstrated advantages in in vitro and in vivo evaluations including preclinical studies, further investigations on improved understanding of the interactions of these nanoparticles with biological fluids and tissues of the target sites is necessary for efficient designing of drug nanocarriers and exploring potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Huiling Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
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Impact of gastrointestinal tract variability on oral drug absorption and pharmacokinetics: An UNGAP review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105812. [PMID: 33753215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of oral drugs is frequently plagued by significant variability with potentially serious therapeutic consequences. The source of variability can be traced back to interindividual variability in physiology, differences in special populations (age- and disease-dependent), drug and formulation properties, or food-drug interactions. Clinical evidence for the impact of some of these factors on drug pharmacokinetic variability is mounting: e.g. gastric pH and emptying time, small intestinal fluid properties, differences in pediatrics and the elderly, and surgical changes in gastrointestinal anatomy. However, the link of colonic factors variability (transit time, fluid composition, microbiome), sex differences (male vs. female) and gut-related diseases (chronic constipation, anorexia and cachexia) to drug absorption variability has not been firmly established yet. At the same time, a way to decrease oral drug pharmacokinetic variability is provided by the pharmaceutical industry: clinical evidence suggests that formulation approaches employed during drug development can decrease the variability in oral exposure. This review outlines the main drivers of oral drug exposure variability and potential approaches to overcome them, while highlighting existing knowledge gaps and guiding future studies in this area.
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Chokshi NV, Rawal S, Solanki D, Gajjar S, Bora V, Patel BM, Patel MM. Fabrication and Characterization of Surface Engineered Rifampicin Loaded Lipid Nanoparticulate Systems for the Potential Treatment of Tuberculosis: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2221-2232. [PMID: 33610570 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of the present investigation highlights the development of mannose appended rifampicin containing solid lipid nanoparticles (Mn-RIF-SLNs) for the management of pulmonary TB. The developed Mn-RIF-SLNs showed particle size of Mn-RIF-SLNs (479 ± 13 nm) which was found to be greater than that of unconjugated SLNs (456 ± 11 nm), with marginal reduction in percentage entrapment efficiency (79.41 ± 2.42%). The in vitro dissolution studies depicted an initial burst release followed by sustained release profile indicating biphasic release pattern, close-fitting Weibull model having least F-value. The cytotoxicity studies using J774A.1 cell line represented that the developed SLNs were non-toxic and safe as compared to free drug. Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometric (FACS) analysis depicted significant (1.79-folds) intracellular uptake of coumarin-6 (fluorescent marker) loaded Mn-C6-SLNs. The in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in sprague-dawley rats were performed and Mn-RIF-SLNs showed remarkable enhancement in terms of relative bioavailability (~17-folds) as compared to its drug solution via oral administration. The biodistribution studies revealed higher lung accumulation (1.8-folds) of Mn-RIF-SLNs as compared to the Un-RIF-SLNs. In conclusion, the developed Mn-RIF-SLNs could serve as a promising tool for delivering the drug cargo to the site of infection (lungs) in the treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimitt V Chokshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Shruti Rawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhruvi Solanki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Saumitra Gajjar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Vivek Bora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Mayur M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India.
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Challenges of Dissolution Methods Development for Soft Gelatin Capsules. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020214. [PMID: 33557167 PMCID: PMC7913951 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the development of soft gelatin capsules (SGCs) dosage forms has attracted a great deal of interest in the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. This is attributed to the increased number of poorly soluble drugs in the pipeline, and hence the challenges of finding innovative ways of developing bioavailable and stable dosage forms. Encapsulation of these drugs into SGCs is one of the approaches that is utilized to deliver the active ingredients to the systemic circulation to overcome certain formulation hurdles. Once formulated, encapsulated drugs in the form of SGCs require suitable in vitro dissolution test methods to ensure drug product quality and performance. This review focuses on challenges facing dissolution test method development for SGCs. A brief discussion of the physicochemical and formulation factors that affect the dissolution properties of SGCs will be highlighted. Likewise, the influence of cross-linking of gelatin on the dissolution properties of SGCs will also be discussed.
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Intestinal delivery in a long-chain fatty acid formulation enables lymphatic transport and systemic exposure of orlistat. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120247. [PMID: 33486039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Orlistat is a pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitor that inhibits dietary lipid absorption and is used to treat obesity. The oral bioavailability of orlistat is considered zero after administration in standard formulations. This is advantageous in the treatment of obesity. However, if orlistat absorption could be improved it has the potential to treat diseases such as acute and critical illnesses where PL transport to the systemic circulation via gut lymph promotes organ failure. Orlistat is highly lipophilic and may associate with intestinal lipid absorption pathways into lymph. Here we investigate the potential to improve orlistat lymph and systemic uptake through intestinal administration in lipid formulations (LFs). The effect of lipid type, lipid dose, orlistat dose, and infusion time on lymph and systemic availability of orlistat was investigated. After administration in all LFs, orlistat concentrations in lymph were greater than in plasma, suggesting direct transport via lymph. Lymph and plasma orlistat derivative concentrations were ~8-fold greater after administration in a long-chain fatty acid (LC-FA) compared to a lipid-free, LC triglyceride (LC-TG) or medium-chain FA (MC-FA) formulation. Overall, administration of orlistat in a LC-FA formulation promotes lymph and systemic uptake which may enable treatment of diseases associated with elevated systemic PL activity.
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Erdoğar N, Akkın S, Nielsen TT, Özçelebi E, Erdoğdu B, Nemutlu E, İskit AB, Bilensoy E. Development of oral aprepitant-loaded chitosan–polyethylene glycol-coated cyclodextrin nanocapsules: formulation, characterization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dolton MJ, Chiang PC, Chen Y. Mechanistic Oral Absorption Modeling of Halofantrine: Exploring the Role of Intestinal Lymphatic Transport. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1427-1430. [PMID: 33359312 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Absorption via the intestinal lymphatic system is known to be important for some highly lipophilic compounds, and can be associated with unique pharmacokinetic properties due to evasion of hepatic first-pass metabolism. This work aimed to develop a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model incorporating the role of lymphatic transport in a physiologically-based, mechanistic oral absorption model, using halofantrine as a model compound. Simcyp V19 was used for model development; oral absorption was characterized using the multi-layer gut wall (M-ADAM) model, and the model was constructed and verified using parameters derived from in vitro experiments and clinical PK data. The final model appeared to adequately capture halofantrine pharmacokinetics in the fasted state and the magnitude of the effect of food on halofantrine total exposure; the effect of food on peak exposure was slightly underpredicted, which may be due to transient post-prandial changes in protein binding. The model simulated halofantrine fraction absorbed (fa) via the lymph in the fed state was 0.26, representing 62% of the increase in fa in the fed state over fasting. This work demonstrates that a PBPK modeling approach can be used to mechanistically describe oral absorption incorporating intestinal lymphatic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Dolton
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Po-Chang Chiang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Bunchongprasert K, Chen J, Shao J. Effect of double bond in unsaturated long-chain monoglyceride in self-emulsified nanoemulsion on tight junction opening. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ryšánek P, Grus T, Šíma M, Slanař O. Lymphatic Transport of Drugs after Intestinal Absorption: Impact of Drug Formulation and Physicochemical Properties. Pharm Res 2020; 37:166. [PMID: 32770268 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview focusing on the extent of lymphatic transport of drugs following intestinal absorption and to summarize available data on the impact of molecular weight, lipophilicity, formulation and prandial state. METHODS Literature was searched for in vivo studies quantifying extent of lymphatic transport of drugs after enteral dosing. Pharmacokinetic data were extracted and summarized. Influence of molecular weight, log P, formulation and prandial state was analyzed using relative bioavailability via lymph (FRL) as the parameter for comparison. The methods and animal models used in the studies were also summarized. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic data on lymphatic transport were available for 103 drugs. Significantly higher FRL [median (IQR)] was observed in advanced lipid based formulations [54.4% (52.0)] and oil solutions [38.9% (60.8)] compared to simple formulations [2.0% (27.1)], p < 0.0001 and p = 0.004, respectively. Advanced lipid based formulations also provided substantial FRL in drugs with log P < 5, which was not observed in simple formulations and oil solutions. No relation was found between FRL and molecular weight. There were 10 distinct methods used for in vivo testing of lymphatic transport after intestinal absorption so far. CONCLUSION Advanced lipid based formulations provide superior ability to increase lymphatic absorption in drugs of various molecular weights and in drugs with moderate to low lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Ryšánek
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Grus
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šíma
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Effects of EHP-101 on inflammation and remyelination in murine models of Multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:104994. [PMID: 32599064 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a combination of inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in the spinal cord and the brain. Natural and synthetic cannabinoids such as VCE-004.8 have been studied in preclinical models of MS and represent promising candidates for drug development. VCE-004.8 is a multitarget synthetic cannabidiol (CBD) derivative acting as a dual Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma/Cannabinoid receptor type 2 (PPARγ/CB2) ligand agonist that also activates the Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. EHP-101 is an oral lipidic formulation of VCE-004.8 that has shown efficacy in several preclinical models of autoimmune, inflammatory, fibrotic, and neurodegenerative diseases. EHP-101 alleviated clinical symptomatology in EAE and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that EHP-101 prevented the expression of many inflammatory genes closely associated with MS pathophysiology in the spinal cord. EHP-101 normalized the expression of several genes associated with oligodendrocyte function such as Teneurin 4 (Tenm4) and Gap junction gamma-3 (Gjc3) that were downregulated in EAE. EHP-101 treatment prevented microglia activation and demyelination in both the spinal cord and the brain. Moreover, EAE was associated with a loss in the expression of Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) in the corpus callosum, a marker for oligodendrocyte differentiation, which was restored by EHP-101 treatment. In addition, EHP-101 enhanced the expression of glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi), a marker for mature oligodendrocytes in the brain. We also found that a diet containing 0.2% cuprizone for six weeks induced a clear loss of myelin in the brain measured by Cryomyelin staining and Myelin basic protein (MBP) expression. Moreover, EHP-101 also prevented cuprizone-induced microglial activation, astrogliosis and reduced axonal damage. Our results provide evidence that EHP-101 showed potent anti-inflammatory activity, prevented demyelination, and enhanced remyelination. Therefore, EHP-101 represents a promising drug candidate for the potential treatment of different forms of MS.
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Intranasal lipid nanocapsules for systemic delivery of nimodipine into the brain: In vitro optimization and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111236. [PMID: 32806316 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nimodipine (NM) is FDA-approved drug for treating subarachnoid haemorrhage induced vasospasm. Intravenous (IV) administration, the most common route of NM, causes several side effects such as hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias and inflammation at site of administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of intranasal (IN) lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) for effective delivery of NM into the brain. NM LNCs were prepared by solvent free phase inversion temperature technique using D-Optimal mixture design studying the effects of three formulation variables on the properties of the prepared LNCs. The prepared particles were evaluated for particle size, drug payload, PDI, Zeta potential and in-vitro drug release. The optimized NM loaded LNC showed particle size of 35.94 ± 0.14 nm and PDI of 0.146 ± 0.045. The in-vivo pharmacokinetic behaviour of IN NM loaded LNC in blood and brain was compared with NM-solution after IV administration in rats. Results show that IN NM loaded LNC was capable to deliver the same amount of NM at brain tissue with lower drug levels in blood compared with IV administration of the NM solution which is greatly beneficial to minimize the cardiovascular side effects of NM. Contrary to most IN nanocarriers, systemic pathway rather than olfactory pathway plays the major role in brain delivery following IN administration of LNCs. The appropriate brain delivery with lower blood levels and slow elimination propose that intranasal LNCs could provide effective systemic delivery of NM into brain with lower frequency of administration and minimal side effects.
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Trevaskis NL, Lee G, Escott A, Phang KL, Hong J, Cao E, Katneni K, Charman SA, Han S, Charman WN, Phillips ARJ, Windsor JA, Porter CJH. Intestinal Lymph Flow, and Lipid and Drug Transport Scale Allometrically From Pre-clinical Species to Humans. Front Physiol 2020; 11:458. [PMID: 32670074 PMCID: PMC7326060 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal lymphatic system transports fluid, immune cells, dietary lipids, and highly lipophilic drugs from the intestine to the systemic circulation. These transport functions are important to health and when dysregulated contribute to pathology. This has generated significant interest in approaches to deliver drugs to the lymphatics. Most of the current understanding of intestinal lymph flow, and lymphatic lipid and drug transport rates, comes from in vitro studies and in vivo animal studies. In contrast, intestinal lymphatic transport studies in human subjects have been limited. Recently, three surgical patients had cannulation of the thoracic lymph duct for collection of lymph before and during a stepwise increase in enteral feed rate. We compared these data to studies where we previously enterally administered controlled quantities of lipid and the lipophilic drug halofantrine to mice, rats and dogs and collected lymph and blood (plasma). The collected lymph was analyzed to compare lymph flow rate, triglyceride (TG) and drug transport rates, and plasma was analyzed for drug concentrations, as a function of enteral lipid dose across species. Lymph flow rate, TG and drug transport increased with lipid administration in all species tested, and scaled allometrically according to the equation A = aM E where A is the lymph transport parameter, M is animal body mass, a is constant and E is the allometric exponent. For lymph flow rate and TG transport, the allometric exponents were 0.84-0.94 and 0.80-0.96, respectively. Accordingly, weight normalized lymph flow and TG mass transport were generally lower in larger compared to smaller species. In comparison, mass transport of drug via lymph increased in a greater than proportional manner with species body mass with an exponent of ∼1.3. The supra-proportional increase in lymphatic drug transport with species body mass appeared to be due to increased partitioning of drug into lymph rather than blood following absorption. Overall, this study proposes that intestinal lymphatic flow, and lymphatic lipid and drug transport in humans is most similar to species with higher body mass such as dogs and underestimated by studies in rodents. Notably, lymph flow and lipid transport in humans can be predicted from animal data via allometric scaling suggesting the potential for similar relationships with drug transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Given Lee
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alistair Escott
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,HBP/Upper GI Unit, Department of General Surgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kian Liun Phang
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,HBP/Upper GI Unit, Department of General Surgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiwon Hong
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Enyuan Cao
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kasiram Katneni
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sifei Han
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - William N Charman
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony R J Phillips
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John A Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,HBP/Upper GI Unit, Department of General Surgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Khatri H, Chokshi N, Rawal S, Patel BM, Badanthadka M, Patel MM. Fabrication and in vivo evaluation of ligand appended paclitaxel and artemether loaded lipid nanoparticulate systems for the treatment of NSCLC: A nanoparticle assisted combination oncotherapy. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119386. [PMID: 32376440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to develop folate appended PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs) of paclitaxel(FPS) and artemether(FAS). The SLNs were prepared by employing high pressure homogenization technique. The results of MTT assays revealed better cytotoxicity of FPS when given in combination with FAS on human lung cancer cell line H-1299 as compared to pure drugs, unconjugated SLNs and FPS alone. The cellular uptake of FPS and FAS was confirmed by fluorescence imaging and flow cytometric analysis. In-vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed better absorption and long circulation of FPS and FAS, which further leads to increased relative bioavailability of drugs(13.81-folds and 7.07-folds for PTX and ART, respectively) as compared to their solutions counterpart. In-vivo pharmacodynamic study confirmed tumor regression of developed SLNs formulations, which was observed highest when used in combination of FPS and FAS. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), SGOT, albumin and total protein levels revealed that formulated FPS and FAS does not exhibit any renal and hepatic toxicity. It can be concluded that by administering ART-SLNs along with PTX-SLNs via oral route, anticancer potential of PTX was improved without any toxicity (both renal, hepatic), thus, indicating the potential of developed formulations in reducing dose related toxicity of PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiren Khatri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Nimitt Chokshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Shruti Rawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Murali Badanthadka
- Deputy Director at NUCARE, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - Mayur M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India.
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