1
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Xie Y, Lu Z, Styles IK, Reddiar SB, Phillips ARJ, Windsor JA, Porter CJH, Han S, Trevaskis NL. Lymphatic Uptake of a Highly Lipophilic Protease Inhibitor Prodrug from a Lipid-Based Formulation is Limited by Instability in the Intestine. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2342-2351. [PMID: 38582284 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Dabigatran etexilate (DABE) is a lipophilic double alkyl ester prodrug of dabigatran (DAB) which is a serine protease inhibitor used clinically as an anticoagulant. Recently, translocation of serine protease enzymes, including trypsin, from the gut into the mesenteric lymph and then blood has been associated with organ failure in acute and critical illnesses (ACIs). Delivery of DABE into mesenteric lymph may thus be an effective strategy to prevent organ failure in ACIs. Most drugs access the mesenteric lymph in low quantities following oral administration, as they are rapidly transported away from the intestine via the blood. Here, we examine the potential to deliver DABE into the mesenteric lymph by promoting association with lymph lipid transport pathways via co-administration with a lipid-based formulation (LBF). A series of self-emulsifying LBFs were designed and tested in vitro for their potential to form stable DABE loaded emulsions and keep DABE solubilised and stable over time in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The LBFs were found to form fine emulsions with a droplet size of 214 ± 30 nm and DABE was stable in the formulation. The stability of DABE in vitro in simulated intestinal conditions, plasma and lymph samples was also evaluated to ensure stability in collected samples and to evaluate whether the prodrug is likely to release active DAB. Ultimately, a highly uniform and stable self-emulsifying Type III A LBF of DABE was chosen for progression into in vivo studies in male Sprague Dawley rats to confirm the lymphatic uptake and plasma pharmacokinetics. Both in vitro and in vivo in plasma and lymph, DABE was rapidly converted to an intermediate and DAB. The main species present in vivo in both plasma and lymph was DAB and mass transport of DABE and DAB in lymph was minimal (∼0.5 % of dose). Importantly, the concentration of DABE in lymph was substantially (20-176 fold) higher than in plasma, supporting that if the prodrug were stable and did not convert to DAB in the intestine, it would be lymphatically transported. Future studies will therefore focus on optimizing the design of the prodrug and formulation to improve stability during absorption and further promote lymphatic uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xie
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zijun Lu
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian K Styles
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sanjeevini Babu Reddiar
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - John A Windsor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sifei Han
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Patel RP, Cristofoletti R, Wu F, Shoyaib AA, Polli JE. In Vitro Lipolysis Model to Predict Food Effect of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs Itraconazole, Rivaroxaban, and Ritonavir. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2361-2373. [PMID: 38614321 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
It is desirable to predict positive food effect of oral formulations due to food mediated dissolution enhancement of lipophilic drugs. The objective was to assess the ability of in vitro lipolysis to anticipate a positive food effect. Tested formulations included rivaroxaban and itraconazole, where some formulations, but not all, exhibit a positive food effect in vivo in humans. Amorphous solid dispersion formulations of ritonavir, which exhibit a negative food effect in vivo in humans, were also studied. Fe-lipolysis and Fa-lipolysis media representing fed and fasted intestinal conditions were used. Results show frequent agreement between in vitro lipolysis predictions and in vivo human outcomes. For rivaroxaban, food effect of unformulated active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and products were correctly predicted where 2.5 mg and 10 mg strengths did not show any food effect; however, 20 mg did show a positive food effect. For itraconazole, all four products were correctly predicted, with Sporanox, Sempera, and generic capsules having a food effect, but Tolsura not having a positive food effect. For ritonavir, lipolysis predicted a positive food effect for API and Norvir tablet and powder, but Norvir products have negative food effect in vivo in humans. Overall, the lipolysis model showed favorable predictability and merits additional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni P Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Fang Wu
- Office of Generic Drugs, Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, MD, USA
| | | | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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3
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Sguizzato M, Ferrara F, Baraldo N, Bondi A, Guarino A, Drechsler M, Valacchi G, Cortesi R. Bilosomes and Biloparticles for the Delivery of Lipophilic Drugs: A Preliminary Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2025. [PMID: 38136145 PMCID: PMC10741235 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, bile acid-based vesicles and nanoparticles (i.e., bilosomes and biloparticles) are studied to improve the water solubility of lipophilic drugs. Ursodeoxycholic acid, sodium cholate, sodium taurocholate and budesonide were used as bile acids and model drugs, respectively. Bilosomes and biloparticles were prepared following standard protocols with minor changes, after a preformulation study. The obtained systems showed good encapsulation efficiency and dimensional stability. Particularly, for biloparticles, the increase in encapsulation efficiency followed the order ursodeoxycholic acid < sodium cholate < sodium taurocholate. The in vitro release of budesonide from both bilosytems was performed by means of dialysis using either a nylon membrane or a portion of Wistar rat small intestine and two receiving solutions (i.e., simulated gastric and intestinal fluids). Both in gastric and intestinal fluid, budesonide was released from bilosystems more slowly than the reference solution, while biloparticles showed a significant improvement in the passage of budesonide into aqueous solution. Immunofluorescence experiments indicated that ursodeoxycholic acid bilosomes containing budesonide are effective in reducing the inflammatory response induced by glucose oxidase stimuli and counteract ox-inflammatory damage within intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Sguizzato
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DoCPAS), University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (F.F.); (N.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DoCPAS), University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (F.F.); (N.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Nada Baraldo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DoCPAS), University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (F.F.); (N.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Agnese Bondi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DoCPAS), University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (F.F.); (N.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Annunziata Guarino
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Keylab “Electron and Optical Microscopy”, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Animal Science Department NC Research Campus, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul S02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Rita Cortesi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DoCPAS), University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (F.F.); (N.B.); (A.B.)
- Biotechnology Interuniversity Consortium (C.I.B.), Ferrara Section, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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4
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Holm R, Kuentz M, Ilie-Spiridon AR, Griffin BT. Lipid based formulations as supersaturating oral delivery systems: From current to future industrial applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106556. [PMID: 37543063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations, in particular supersaturated lipid-based formulations, are important delivery approaches when formulating challenging compounds, as especially low water-soluble compounds profit from delivery in a pre-dissolved state. In this article, the classification of lipid-based formulation is described, followed by a detailed discussion of different supersaturated lipid-based formulations and the recent advances reported in the literature. The supersaturated lipid-based formulations discussed include both the in situ forming supersaturated systems as well as the thermally induced supersaturated lipid-based formulations. The in situ forming drug supersaturation by lipid-based formulations has been widely employed and numerous clinically available products are on the market. There are some scientific gaps in the field, but in general there is a good understanding of the mechanisms driving the success of these systems. For thermally induced supersaturation, the technology is not yet fully understood and developed, hence more research is required in this field to explore the formulations beyond preclinical studies and initial clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hofackerstr. 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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Chiang PC, Liu J, Nagapudi K, Wu R, Dolton M, Chen J, Plise E, Liu L, Durk MR. Elucidating a Potential Mechanism of Permeability Enhancer Sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] Caprylate in Rats: Evidence of Lymphatic Absorption of Cyanocobalamin using the Mesenteric Lymph Duct Cannulated Rat. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3417-3423. [PMID: 36228756 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is the most popular and convenient route for drug delivery, yet the success of oral drug delivery is dependent on the ADME properties of the drug. Among those ADME properties, permeability is considered one of the key attributes for successful oral drug absorption. Hence, the utilization of permeability enhancers to improve drug oral absorption is an important area of research in drug delivery. A multitude of data suggests that sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate (SNAC) is an effective permeability enhancer. Despite its success, the mechanism of how SNAC works to enhance the oral absorption of compounds is poorly understood. To better understand how SNAC worked, we investigated the hypothesis of SNAC promotes lymphatic absorption of target compounds. In this study, cyanocobalamin was used as the model compound and mesenteric lymph duct cannulated rats were used to investigate its absorption with or without SNAC. The present study demonstrated that SNAC enhanced the lymphatic absorption of cyanocobalamin when the two were co-dosed in rats. Furthermore, levels of SNAC in lymph fluid and the systemic circulation were higher when co-dosed with cyanocobalamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chang Chiang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Jia Liu
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ricky Wu
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Jacob Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Emile Plise
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Liling Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew R Durk
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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6
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Zhang Z, Hu M, Xuan D, Wu L, Zhang Y, He G, Zhou Y. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of BDE-209 following oral exposure in Chinese population. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113416. [PMID: 36096292 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The wide usage of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) as additive brominated flame retardant has caused its widespread occurrence in the environment and high exposure risk in humans. Estimating its internal exposure dose and reconstruction of external exposure dose using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling approach is a key step in the risk assessment of BDE-209. However, the PBPK model for BDE-209 is currently unavailable. This study has established two oral permeability-limited PBPK models of BDE-209 without enterohepatic recirculation (EHR) (model 1) and with EHR (model 2) for Chinese population. Using the in vitro experiments, the average binding of BDE-209 to human plasma protein (99.64% ± 2.97%) was obtained. Moreover, blood sample analysis and systematic literature review were performed to obtain internal and external exposure data of BDE-209 used for model calibration and validation. The predictions of both models were within 2-fold of the observed, and a longer half-life of serum BDE-209 was observed in model 2 than model 1. Based on the models, a human biomonitoring guidance value (HBM-GV) of 93.61 μg/g lw was derived for BDE-209, and there is no health risk found for Chinese population currently. This study provides new quantitative assessment tools for health risk assessment of BDE-209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Zhang
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Man Hu
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Dongliang Xuan
- Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201899, China
| | - Linying Wu
- Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201899, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China.
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7
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Liu Y, Li S, Chen BP, Chien C, Chan JCC. Porous
Mg‐stabilized
amorphous calcium carbonate as carrier for hydrophobic drugs. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Ju Liu
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shu‐Li Li
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Ching‐Lun Chien
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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8
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Schlauersbach J, Kehrein J, Hanio S, Galli B, Harlacher C, Heidenreich C, Lenz B, Sotriffer C, Meinel L. Predicting Bile and Lipid Interaction for Drug Substances. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2868-2876. [PMID: 35776440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Predicting biopharmaceutical characteristics and food effects for drug substances may substantially leverage rational formulation outcomes. We established a bile and lipid interaction prediction model for new drug substances and further explored the model for the prediction of bile-related food effects. One hundred and forty-one drugs were categorized as bile and/or lipid interacting and noninteracting drugs using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Quantitative structure-property relationship modeling with molecular descriptors was applied to predict a drug's interaction with bile and/or lipids. Bile interaction, for example, was indicated by two descriptors characterizing polarity and lipophilicity with a high balanced accuracy of 0.8. Furthermore, the predicted bile interaction correlated with a positive food effect. Reliable prediction of drug substance interaction with lipids required four molecular descriptors with a balanced accuracy of 0.7. These described a drug's shape, lipophilicity, aromaticity, and hydrogen bond acceptor capability. In conclusion, reliable models might be found through drug libraries characterized for bile interaction by NMR. Furthermore, there is potential for predicting bile-related positive food effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schlauersbach
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Josef Kehrein
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Hanio
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Galli
- Novartis Pharma AG, Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christopher Heidenreich
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Lenz
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Biology (HIRI), Josef-Schneider-Straße 2/D15, DE-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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9
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Elz AS, Trevaskis NL, Porter CJH, Bowen JM, Prestidge CA. Smart design approaches for orally administered lipophilic prodrugs to promote lymphatic transport. J Control Release 2021; 341:676-701. [PMID: 34896450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Challenges to effective delivery of drugs following oral administration has attracted growing interest over recent decades. Small molecule drugs (<1000 Da) are generally absorbed across the gastrointestinal tract into the portal blood and further transported to the systemic circulation via the liver. This can result in a significant reduction to the oral bioavailability of drugs that are metabolically labile and ultimately lead to ineffective exposure and treatment. Targeting drug delivery to the intestinal lymphatics is attracting increased attention as an alternative route of drug transportation providing multiple benefits. These include bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism and selectively targeting disease reservoirs residing within the lymphatic system. The particular physicochemical requirements for drugs to be able to access the lymphatics after oral delivery include high lipophilicity (logP>5) and high long-chain triglyceride solubility (> 50 mg/g), properties required to enable drug association with the lipoprotein transport pathway. The majority of small molecule drugs, however, are not this lipophilic and therefore not substantially transported via the intestinal lymph. This has contributed to a growing body of investigation into prodrug approaches to deliver drugs to the lymphatic system by chemical manipulation. Optimised lipophilic prodrugs have the potential to increase lymphatic transport thereby improving oral pharmacokinetics via a reduction in first pass metabolism and may also target of disease-specific reservoirs within the lymphatics. This may provide advantages for current pharmacotherapy approaches for a wide array of pathological conditions, e.g. immune disease, cancer and metabolic disease, and also presents a promising approach for advanced vaccination strategies. In this review, specific emphasis is placed on medicinal chemistry strategies that have been successfully employed to design lipophilic prodrugs to deliberately enable lymphatic transport. Recent progress and opportunities in medicinal chemistry and drug delivery that enable new platforms for efficacious and safe delivery of drugs are critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia S Elz
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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10
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Miao YB, Lin YJ, Chen KH, Luo PK, Chuang SH, Yu YT, Tai HM, Chen CT, Lin KJ, Sung HW. Engineering Nano- and Microparticles as Oral Delivery Vehicles to Promote Intestinal Lymphatic Drug Transport. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104139. [PMID: 34596293 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Targeted oral delivery of a drug via the intestinal lymphatic system (ILS) has the advantages of protecting against hepatic first-pass metabolism of the drug and improving its pharmacokinetic performance. It is also a promising route for the oral delivery of vaccines and therapeutic agents to induce mucosal immune responses and treat lymphatic diseases, respectively. This article describes the anatomical structures and physiological characteristics of the ILS, with an emphasis on enterocytes and microfold (M) cells, which are the main gateways for the transport of particulate delivery vehicles across the intestinal epithelium into the lymphatics. A comprehensive overview of recent advances in the rational engineering of particulate vehicles, along with the challenges and opportunities that they present for improving ILS drug delivery, is provided, and the mechanisms by which such vehicles target and transport through enterocytes or M cells are discussed. The use of naturally sourced materials, such as yeast microcapsules and their derived polymeric β-glucans, as novel ILS-targeting delivery vehicles is also reviewed. Such use is the focus of an emerging field of research. Their potential use in the oral delivery of nucleic acids, such as mRNA vaccines, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Bao Miao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Po-Kai Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shun-Hao Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tzu Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsien-Meng Tai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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11
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Slezáková B, Matzick K, Komersová A, Lochař V, Bartoš M, Mužíková J, Haddouchi S. A New Approach to the Dissolution Tests Management to Obtain Kinetic and Thermodynamic Data: Release of a Model Drug from Glyceryl Behenate Matrix Tablets. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Slezáková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 95 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Kevin Matzick
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 95 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Alena Komersová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 95 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Václav Lochař
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 95 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bartoš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 95 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Mužíková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Charles University Akademika Heyrovského 1203 Hradec Králové 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Samir Haddouchi
- SPS Pharma Services 3 Rue Châteaubriand Orléans 45071 France
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12
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Gao X, Yi X, Liu Z, Dong X, Xia G, Zhang X, Shen X. Comparative Study on Curcumin Loaded in Golden Pompano ( Trachinotus blochii) Head Phospholipid and Soybean Lecithin Liposomes: Preparation, Characteristics and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:2328. [PMID: 33923773 PMCID: PMC8073247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the characteristics and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of two curcumin liposomes, prepared with golden pompano head phospholipids (GPL) and soybean lecithin (SPC). GPL liposomes (GPL-lipo) and SPC liposomes (SPC-lipo) loaded with curcumin (CUR) were prepared by thin film extrusion, and the differences in particle size, ζ-potential, morphology, and storage stability were investigated. The results show that GPL-lipo and SPC-lipo were monolayer liposomes with a relatively small particle size and excellent encapsulation rates. However, GPL-lipo displayed a larger negative ζ-potential and better storage stability compared to SPC-lipo. Subsequently, the effects of phospholipids in regulating the inflammatory response of macrophages were evaluated in vitro, based on the synergistic effect with CUR. The results showed that both GPL and SPC exerted excellent synergistic effect with CUR in inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro-inflammatory genes (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin 1β (IL-β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)) in RAW264.7 cells. Interestingly, GPL-lipo displayed superior inhibitory effects, compared to SPC-lipo. The findings provide a new innovative bioactive carrier for development of stable CUR liposomes with good functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gao
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.X.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xiangzhou Yi
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.X.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.X.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116000, China;
- Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xiuping Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116000, China;
| | - Guanghua Xia
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.X.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116000, China;
- Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.X.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116000, China;
- Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xuanri Shen
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; (X.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (G.X.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116000, China;
- Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
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Ezetimibe-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Based Formulation Ameliorates Hyperlipidaemia in an Experimental Model of High Fat Diet. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051485. [PMID: 33803259 PMCID: PMC7967240 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezetimibe (EZE) possesses low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability and in addition, its extensive hepatic metabolism supports the notion of developing a novel carrier system for EZE. Ezetimibe was encapsulated into nanostructured lipid carriers (EZE-NLCs) via a high pressure homogenization technique (HPH). A three factor, two level (23) full factorial design was employed to study the effect of amount of poloxamer 188 (X1), pressure of HPH (X2) and number of HPH cycle (X3) on dependent variables. Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), % entrapment efficiency (%EE), zeta potential, drug content and in-vitro drug release were evaluated. The optimized formulation displays pragmatic inferences associated with particle size of 134.5 nm; polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.244 ± 0.03; zeta potential of −28.1 ± 0.3 mV; % EE of 91.32 ± 1.8% and % CDR at 24-h of 97.11%. No interaction was observed after X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. EZE-NLCs (6 mg/kg/day p.o.) were evaluated in the high fat diet fed rats induced hyperlipidemia in comparison with EZE (10 mg/kg/day p.o.). Triglyceride, HDL-c, LDL-c and cholesterol were significantly normalized and histopathological evaluation showed normal structure and architecture of the hepatocytes. The results demonstrated the superiority of EZE-NLCs in regard to bioavailability enhancement, dose reduction and dose-dependent side effects.
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14
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Amekyeh H, Billa N. Lyophilized Drug-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Formulated with Beeswax and Theobroma Oil. Molecules 2021; 26:908. [PMID: 33572168 PMCID: PMC7914714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have the potential to enhance the systemic availability of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or reduce its toxicity through uptake of the SLNs from the gastrointestinal tract or controlled release of the API, respectively. In both aspects, the responses of the lipid matrix to external challenges is crucial. Here, we evaluate the effects of lyophilization on key responses of 1:1 beeswax-theobroma oil matrix SLNs using three model drugs: amphotericin B (AMB), paracetamol (PAR), and sulfasalazine (SSZ). Fresh SLNs were stable with sizes ranging between 206.5-236.9 nm. Lyophilization and storage for 24 months (4-8 °C) caused a 1.6- and 1.5-fold increase in size, respectively, in all three SLNs. Zeta potential was >60 mV in fresh, stored, and lyophilized SLNs, indicating good colloidal stability. Drug release was not significantly affected by lyophilization up to 8 h. Drug release percentages at end time were 11.8 ± 0.4, 65.9 ± 0.04, and 31.4 ± 1.95% from fresh AMB-SLNs, PAR-SLNs, and SSZ-SLNs, respectively, and 11.4 ± 0.4, 76.04 ± 0.21, and 31.6 ± 0.33% from lyophilized SLNs, respectively. Thus, rate of release is dependent on API solubility (AMB < SSZ < PAR). Drug release from each matrix followed the Higuchi model and was not affected by lyophilization. The above SLNs show potential for use in delivering hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Amekyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana;
| | - Nashiru Billa
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Erdoğar N, Akkın S, Nielsen TT, Özçelebi E, Erdoğdu B, Nemutlu E, İskit AB, Bilensoy E. Development of oral aprepitant-loaded chitosan–polyethylene glycol-coated cyclodextrin nanocapsules: formulation, characterization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Wu ZL, Zhao J, Xu R. Recent Advances in Oral Nano-Antibiotics for Bacterial Infection Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9587-9610. [PMID: 33293809 PMCID: PMC7719120 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s279652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are the main infectious diseases and cause of death worldwide. Antibiotics are used to treat various infections ranging from minor to life-threatening ones. The dominant route to administer antibiotics is through oral delivery and subsequent gastrointestinal tract (GIT) absorption. However, the delivery efficiency is limited by many factors such as low drug solubility and/or permeability, gastrointestinal instability, and low antibacterial activity. Nanotechnology has emerged as a novel and efficient tool for targeting drug delivery, and a number of promising nanotherapeutic strategies have been widely explored to overcome these obstacles. In this review, we explore published studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the recent progress in the area of orally deliverable nano-antibiotic formulations. The first part of this article discusses the functions and underlying mechanisms by which nanomedicines increase the oral absorption of antibiotics. The second part focuses on the classification of oral nano-antibiotics and summarizes the advantages, disadvantages and applications of nanoformulations including lipid, polymer, nanosuspension, carbon nanotubes and mesoporous silica nanoparticles in oral delivery of antibiotics. Lastly, the challenges and future perspective of oral nano-antibiotics for infection disease therapy are discussed. Overall, nanomedicines designed for oral drug delivery system have demonstrated the potential for the improvement and optimization of currently available antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Liang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Manspeaker MP, Thomas SN. Lymphatic immunomodulation using engineered drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:19-35. [PMID: 33058931 PMCID: PMC7736326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Though immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer to improve disease outcomes, an array of challenges remain that limit wider clinical success, including low rate of response and immune-related adverse events. Targeting immunomodulatory drugs to therapeutically relevant tissues offers a way to overcome these challenges by potentially enabling enhanced therapeutic efficacy and decreased incidence of side effects. Research highlighting the importance of lymphatic tissues in the response to immunotherapy has increased interest in the application of engineered drug delivery systems (DDSs) to enable specific targeting of immunomodulators to lymphatic tissues and cells that they house. To this end, a variety of DDS platforms have been developed that enable more efficient uptake into lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes to provide targeted modulation of the immune response to cancer. This can occur either by delivery of immunotherapeutics to lymphatics tissues or by direct modulation of the lymphatic vasculature itself due to their direct involvement in tumor immune processes. This review will highlight DDS platforms that, by enabling the activities of cancer vaccines, chemotherapeutics, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies, and anti- or pro-lymphangiogenic factors to lymphatic tissues through directed delivery and controlled release, augment cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret P Manspeaker
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
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18
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Folate targeted lipid chitosan hybrid nanoparticles for enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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Gaber DA. Nanoparticles of Lovastatin: Design, Optimization and in vivo Evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4225-4236. [PMID: 32606674 PMCID: PMC7306574 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s241120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to optimize the processing factors of precipitation–ultrasonication technique to prepare nano-sized particles of Lovastatin (LA) for enhancing its solubility, dissolution rate and in vivo bioavailability. Methods LA nanoparticles (LANs) were prepared using precipitation–ultrasonication technique under different processing factors. LANs were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential and in vitro release. Stability studies at 4°C, 25°C and 40°C were conducted for optimum formulation. In addition, the in vivo bioavailability of the optimum formula was studied in comparison to a marketed product in white master rats. Results The optimized LAN formula (LAN15) had particle size (190±15), polydispersity index (0.626±0.11) and a zeta potential (−25±1.9 mV). The dissolution study of the nanosuspensions showed significant enhancement compared with pure drug. After 50 min, only 20.12±1.85% of LA was dissolved while 99.1±1.09% of LA was released from LAN15. Stability studies verified that nanosuspensions at 4°C and 25°C showed higher stability with no particle growth compared to the samples studied at 40°C. In vivo studies conducted in rats verified that there was 1.45-fold enhancement of Cmax of LAN15 as compared to marketed tablets. Conclusion Nanoparticle prepared by ultrasonication-assisted precipitation method is a promising formula for enhancing the solubility and hence the bioavailability of Lovastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Gaber
- Department of Quality Control & Quality Assurance, Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Smythe TA, Mattioli LC, Letcher RJ. Distribution behaviour in body compartments and in ovo transfer of flame retardants in North American Great Lakes herring gulls. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114306. [PMID: 32163809 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) continue to be an environmental concern. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are an important wildlife sentinel species, although very little information is available regarding the body distribution (limited to e.g. liver and blood) of these contaminants and in relation to depuration via in ovo transfer. Maternal transfer rates and distribution were presently determined in six body compartments from eight female, Great Lakes herring gulls and separate egg compartments from their entire clutch. Among the 25 PBDEs and 23 non-PBDE HFRs assessed, only six PBDE congeners (BDE-47/99/100/153/154/209), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), and Dechlorane Plus (syn- and anti-DDC-CO) were frequently detectable and quantifiable. Σ6BDE concentrations were an order of magnitude greater than non-PBDE HFR concentrations, and were greatest in the adipose (9641 ± 2436 ng/g ww), followed by egg yolk (699 ± 139 ng/g ww) > muscle (332 ± 545 ng/g ww) > liver (221 ± 65 ng/g ww) > plasma (85.4 ± 20.4 ng/g ww) > brain (54.6 ± 10.6 ng/g ww) > red blood cells (RBCs; 23.5 ± 5.6 ng/g ww) > albumen (7.3 ± 1.3 ng/g ww). Σ2DDC-CO and HBCDD were frequently below the method limit of quantification in the brain, RBCs, plasma, and albumen. Additionally, novel methoxylated-polybrominated diphenoxybenzene contaminants were detected and quantified in herring gull tissues and eggs. The primary difference in PBDE congener profiles was the resistance of both BDE-153 and -154 towards accumulation in the brain, and a corresponding increase in BDE-209 accumulation, which may suggest congener-specific differences in crossing the blood-brain barrier in herring gulls. Maternal transfer rates of PBDEs and non-PBDE HFRs were low (∼4.7 and ∼2.9 % respectively), suggesting that in ovo transfer is not a significant mode of depuration for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan A Smythe
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lisa C Mattioli
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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21
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Madan JR, Patil K, Awasthi R, Dua K. Formulation and evaluation of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for azilsartan medoxomil. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1695206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana R. Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Kajal Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
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22
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Shkodra B, Grune C, Traeger A, Vollrath A, Schubert S, Fischer D, Schubert US. Effect of surfactant on the size and stability of PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating a protein kinase C inhibitor. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:756-764. [PMID: 31175987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays many drugs with improved therapeutic efficacy are discovered but cannot be utilized due to their low solubility and insufficient bioavailability. An example of such a drug molecule is a protein kinase C inhibitor that influences an enzyme which plays an important role in several signal transduction cascades. The aim of this study was to formulate a stable nanoparticle dispersion of the PKC inhibitor encapsulated into PLGA nanoparticles (NPs). Encapsulation of the PKC inhibitor into PLGA NPs of 100-200 nm diameter should provide a targeted delivery to the inflammation sites. The NPs were prepared via nanoprecipitation and different surfactants were investigated: Fully and partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, Mowiol X-88 and X-98), poloxamers (Pluronic F68 and F127) and polysorbates (Tween 20 and 80). From all surfactants tested, only NPs prepared with partially hydrolyzed PVA (Mowiol X-88) provided the desired stability throughout the downstream processes. These NPs were subsequently analyzed regarding their particle size, polydispersity, encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity. Dynamic light scattering results revealed that monodisperse NPs of 150-220 nm were formed, a size range that favors targeted delivery. The drug encapsulation efficiency varied from 31 to 75% with a drug loading of 1.3-2%. Moreover, the long-term stability was studied and the residual amount of PVA of the NP solutions was quantified via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The shell-less hen's egg model was used to test toxic effects (hemorrhage, vascular lysis, thrombosis, hemolysis and lethality) of the NPs in a more complex biological system under dynamic flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shkodra
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - C Grune
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A Traeger
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A Vollrath
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Fischer
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - U S Schubert
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Zhang K, Wang Q, Yang Q, Wei Q, Man N, Adu-Frimpong M, Toreniyazov E, Ji H, Yu J, Xu X. Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability and Anti-hyperuricemic Activity of Isoliquiritigenin via Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:218. [PMID: 31187334 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for enhancement of the oral bioavailability of isoliquiritigenin (ISL) as well as evaluate its in vivo anti-hyperuricemic effect in rats. The ISL-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (ISL-SMEDDS) was comprised of ethyl oleate (EO, oil phase), Tween 80 (surfactant), and PEG 400 (co-surfactant). The ISL-SMEDDS exhibited an acceptable narrow size distribution (44.78 ± 0.35 nm), negative zeta potential (- 10.67 ± 0.86 mV), and high encapsulation efficiency (98.17 ± 0.24%). The in vitro release study indicated that the release rates of the formulation were obviously higher in different release media (HCl, pH 1.2; PBS, pH 6.8; double-distilled water, pH 7.0) compared with the ISL solution. The oral bioavailability of the ISL-SMEDDS was enhanced by 4.71 times in comparison with the free ISL solution. More importantly, ISL-SMEDDS significantly reduced uric acid level by inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in the model rats. Collectively, the prepared ISL-SMEDDS proved to be potential carriers for enhancing the solubility and oral bioavailability of ISL, as well as ameliorating its anti-hyperuricemic effect.
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Banerjee S, Pillai J. Solid lipid matrix mediated nanoarchitectonics for improved oral bioavailability of drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:499-515. [PMID: 31104522 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1621289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Solid matrix mediated lipid nanoparticle formulations (LNFs) retain some of the best features of ideal drug carriers necessary for improving the oral absorption and bioavailability (BA) of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. LNFs with solid matrices may be typically categorized into three major types of formulations, viz., solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and lipid-drug conjugate nanoparticles (LDC-NPs). Solid matrix based LNFs are, potentially, the most appropriate delivery systems for poorly water soluble drugs in need of improved drug solubility, permeability, absorption, or increased oral BA. In addition, LNFs as matrices are able to encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs in a single matrix based on their excellent ability to form cores and shells. Interestingly, LNFs also act as delivery devices to impart chemical stability to various orally administered drugs. Areas covered: Aim of the review is to forecast the presentation of pharmacokinetic characteristics of solid lipid matrix based nanocarriers which are typically biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic carrier systems for efficient oral delivery of various drugs. Efficient delivery is broadly mediated by the fact that lipophilic drugs are readily soluble in lipidic substrates that are capable of permeating across the gut epithelium following oral administration, subsequently delivering the moiety of interest more efficiently across the gut mucosal membrane. This enhances the overall BA of many drugs facing oral delivery challenges by improving their pharmacokinetic profile. This article specifically focuses on the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic aspects of such solid lipid matrix based nanoformulations and possible mechanisms for better drug absorption and improved BA following oral administration. It also briefly reviews methods to access the efficacy of LNFs for improving oral BA of drugs, regulatory aspects and some interesting lipid-derived commercial formulations, with a concluding remark. Expert opinion: LNFs enhance the overall BA of many drugs facing oral delivery challenges by improving their pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Banerjee
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) , Guwahati , Assam , India.,b Centre for Bio-design (CBD) , Translational Health Science & Technology Institute (THSTI) , Faridabad , Haryana , India
| | - Jonathan Pillai
- b Centre for Bio-design (CBD) , Translational Health Science & Technology Institute (THSTI) , Faridabad , Haryana , India
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Talegaonkar S, Bhattacharyya A. Potential of Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs and NLCs) in Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Drugs with Poor Intestinal Permeability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:121. [PMID: 30805893 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based drug delivery systems has become a popular choice for oral delivery of lipophilic drugs with dissolution rate limited oral absorption. Lipids are known to enhance oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs in multiple ways like facilitating dissolution as micellar solution, enhancing the lymphatic uptake and acting as inhibitors of efflux transporters. Lipid nanoparticles are matrix type lipid-based carrier systems which can effectively encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Lipid nanoparticles namely solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are versatile drug delivery system and can be used for multiple routes of delivery like parenteral, topical, ocular, transdermal, and oral. Lipid nanoparticles are particularly attractive vehicles for peroral delivery of drugs with oral bioavailability problems as they are composed of lipid excipients which are cheap, easily available, and non-toxic; manufacturing technique is simple and readily scalable for large-scale production; the formulations provide controlled release of active components and have no stability issue. A large number of drugs have been incorporated into lipid nanoparticles with the objective of overcoming their poor oral bioavailability. This review tries to assess the potential of lipid nanoparticles for enhancing the oral bioavailability of drugs with permeability limited oral absorption such as drugs belonging to class IV of Biopharmaceutic Classification System (BCS) and protein and peptide drugs and also discusses the mechanism behind the bioavailability enhancement and safety issues related to such delivery systems.
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Date T, Paul K, Singh N, Jain S. Drug-Lipid Conjugates for Enhanced Oral Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:41. [PMID: 30610658 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral drug delivery route is one of the most convenient and extensively utilised routes for drug administration. But there exists class of drugs which exhibit poor bioavailability on oral drug administration. Designing of drug-lipid conjugates (DLCs) is one of the rationale strategy utilised in overcoming this challenge. This review extensively covers the various dimensions of drug modification using lipids to attain improved oral drug delivery. DLCs help in improving oral delivery by providing benefits like improved permeability, stability in gastric environment, higher drug loading in carriers, formation of self-assembled nanostructures, etc. The clinical effectiveness of DLCs is highlighted from available marketed drug products along with many DLCs in phase of clinical trials. Conclusively, this drug modification strategy can potentially help in augmenting oral drug delivery in future.
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Desjardins CF, Mazerolle MJ, Verreault J. Is the urban-adapted ring-billed gull a biovector for flame retardants? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:109-117. [PMID: 30321706 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Birds may act as biovectors of nutrients and contaminants at the regional scale and potentially increase the exposure to such substances in ecosystems frequented by these birds. However, no study has estimated biotransport of contaminants by individual birds through their feces (guano). Elevated concentrations of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) have been reported in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) breeding near Montreal (QC, Canada)- a known hotspot for HFRs. The objective of the present study was to investigate the concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and selected emerging HFRs (e.g., Dechlorane-related compounds) in guano of individual ring-billed gulls, and to assess the relative accumulation of these HFRs by comparing concentrations in plasma (absorbed) versus guano (excreted). A second objective was to determine the importance of one of the largest ring-billed gull colony (Deslauriers Island) in North America located near Montreal as a vector of HFR biotransport at the regional scale. Elevated concentrations of PBDEs and Dechlorane plus were determined in guano and plasma of ring-billed gulls, although in general no difference was found between males and females. However, plasma to guano concentration ratios were significantly greater in females for the highly hydrophobic BDE-209 and Dechlorane plus compared to males. Overall, for both sexes combined, the total amount of HFRs (sum of the 16 major PBDEs and five emerging HFRs) deposited by this entire colony (64,980 gulls) in the Montreal area through guano during the 28-days incubation period was estimated to 1 g. This study showed that urban-adapted ring-billed gulls from this large colony represent an underestimated biovector of HFRs, which may contribute to augment exposure to these toxic compounds in nearby ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé F Desjardins
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Marc J Mazerolle
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Boyd BJ, Salim M, Clulow AJ, Ramirez G, Pham AC, Hawley A. The impact of digestion is essential to the understanding of milk as a drug delivery system for poorly water soluble drugs. J Control Release 2018; 292:13-17. [PMID: 30359667 PMCID: PMC6290171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Milk has previously been considered as a potential lipid-based drug delivery system for poorly water soluble drugs but it has never gained significant attention. This is in part because relying on solubility in lipid-based formulations (in this case milk) does not provide a complete picture of the behavior of such systems upon digestion. Herein, we demonstrate using time resolved X-ray scattering that the digestion of milk is actually crucial to the solubilisation of a poorly water-soluble drug, halofantrine. Halofantrine was chosen because its behaviour in lipid-based formulations has been widely investigated and because of its close structural relationship to lumefantrine, an antimalarial drug of current interest for the treatment of paediatric malaria. The transformation of the drug from a crystalline solid form in suspension in milk, to a solubilised form as a direct consequence of lipolysis highlights that consideration of digestion of the milk lipids as a critical process that influences drug solubilisation and availability for absorption is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Malinda Salim
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Clulow
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gisela Ramirez
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anna C Pham
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Adrian Hawley
- SAXS/WAXS beamline, Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
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Zhou L, Qiu T, Lv F, Liu L, Ying J, Wang S. Self-Assembled Nanomedicines for Anticancer and Antibacterial Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800670. [PMID: 30080319 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly strategies have been widely applied in the nanomedicine field, which provide a convenient approach for building various structures for delivery carriers. When cooperating with biomolecules, self-assembly systems have significant influence on the cell activity and life process and could be used for regulating nanodrug activity. In this review, self-assembled nanomedicines are introduced, including materials, encapsulation, and releasing strategies, where self-assembly strategies are involved. Furthermore, as a promising and emerging area for nanomedicine, in situ self-assembly of anticancer drugs and supramolecular antibiotic switches is also discussed about how to regulate drug activity. Selective pericellular assembly can block mass transformation of cancer cells inducing cell apoptosis, and the intracellular assembly can either cause cell death or effectively avoid drug elimination from cytosol of cancer cells because of the assembly-induced retention (AIR) effect. Host-guest interactions of drug and competitive molecules offer reversible regulations of antibiotic activity, which can reduce drug-resistance and inhibit the generation of drug-resistant bacteria. Finally, the challenges and development trend in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Pathology; National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for; Cancer/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100021 P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology; National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for; Cancer/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100021 P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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30
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Baldi A, Chaudhary M, Sethi S, Abhiav, Chandra R, Madan J. Armamentarium of nanoscaled lipid drug delivery systems customized for oral administration: In silico docking patronage, absorption phenomenon, preclinical status, clinical status and future prospects. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:637-647. [PMID: 29986259 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poor drug solubility and bioavailability remain a significant and frequently encountered concern for pharmaceutical scientists. Nanoscaled lipid drug delivery systems (NSLDDS) have exhibited great potentials in oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs, primarily for lipophilic drugs, with several successful clinical products. In the past few years, we have find out that optimized composition of drug in lipid, surfactant, or mixture of lipid and surfactant omits the solubility, permeability and bioavailability issues, which are potential limitations for oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. Lipids not only vary in structures and physiochemical properties, but also in their digestibility and absorption pathway; therefore selection of lipid excipients and dosage form has a pronounced effect on biopharmaceutical aspects of drug absorption and distribution both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, in current critical review, a comprehensive overview of the different lipid based nanostructured drug delivery systems intended for oral administration has been presented. In addition, implication of in silico docking in designing of NSLDDS as well as mechanism of absorption of different lipid based nanoformulations through intestinal absorption window has also been offered. Moreover, attention has also been paid to NSLDDS that are currently undergoing preclinical or clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Baldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monika Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Sheshank Sethi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Abhiav
- Division of Informatics, Systems and Research Management, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Dr B.R Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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31
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Salim M, Khan J, Ramirez G, Clulow AJ, Hawley A, Ramachandruni H, Boyd BJ. Interactions of Artefenomel (OZ439) with Milk during Digestion: Insights into Digestion-Driven Solubilization and Polymorphic Transformations. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3535-3544. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malinda Salim
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jamal Khan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Gisela Ramirez
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Clulow
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Adrian Hawley
- SAXS/WAXS beamline, Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Hanu Ramachandruni
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20, Route de Pré-Bois, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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32
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Application of Lipid Blend-Based Nanoparticulate Scaffold for Oral Delivery of Antihypertensive Drug: Implication on Process Variables and In Vivo Absorption Assessment. J Pharm Innov 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-018-9329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Elmowafy M, Ibrahim HM, Ahmed MA, Shalaby K, Salama A, Hefesha H. Atorvastatin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs): strategy to overcome oral delivery drawbacks. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:932-941. [PMID: 28617150 PMCID: PMC8241136 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1337823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin (AT) is a widely used lipid-regulating drug to reduce cholesterol and triglycerides. Its poor aqueous solubility and hepatic metabolism require development of drug delivery systems able to improve its solubility and bypass hepatic effect. For this purpose, atorvastatin nanostructured lipid carriers (AT-NLCs) were prepared and characterized. AT-NLCs were prepared by emulsification using high-speed homogenization followed by ultrasonication. The prepared NLCs showed particle size between 162.5 ± 12 and 865.55 ± 28 nm while zeta potential values varied between −34 ± 0.29 and −23 ± 0.36 mV. They also showed high encapsulation efficiency (>87%) and amorphous state of the drug in lipid matrix. Pharmacokinetic parameters of optimized formulation (NLC-1; composed of 2% Gelucire® 43/01, 8% Capryol® PGMC, 2% Pluronic®F68 and 0.5% lecithin) revealed 3.6- and 2.1-fold increase in bioavailability as compared to atorvastatin suspension and commercial product (Lipitor®), respectively. Administration of NLC-1 led to significant reduction (p < .05) in the rats’ serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This improvement was confirmed histologically by minimizing the associated hepatic steatosis. These investigations demonstrated the superiority of NLCs for improvement of oral bioavailability and in vivo performance of AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elmowafy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hany M Ibrahim
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Ahmed
- b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Khaled Shalaby
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ayman Salama
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hossam Hefesha
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
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Wang JX, Bao LJ, Luo P, Shi L, Wong CS, Zeng EY. Intake, distribution, and metabolism of decabromodiphenyl ether and its main metabolites in chickens and implications for human dietary exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:795-801. [PMID: 28865385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet is considered as the most important human exposure pathway for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Metabolism and accumulation patterns of PBDEs in different growth periods of chickens are helpful for evaluating human dietary exposure, but such information is scarce. In this study, female chickens were fed with food spiked with BDE-209 at 85 mg kg-1, and the intake, accumulation, and excretion of BDE-209 and its main metabolites in various tissues were examined. Concentrations of BDE-209 in chicken tissues increased over time in a tissue-specific manner; they were the greatest in liver and generally the lowest in breast meat during the entire exposure period. The kinetic patterns were dependent on both growth-dilution effects and accumulated concentrations of BDE-209. Tissue concentrations of ∑8PBDE (sum of BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, and 209) followed the sequence of liver > blood > skin > intestine > stomach > leg meat > breast meat. Different tissue partition coefficients and perfusion rates for blood may have resulted in different PBDE concentrations in tissues. The absorption efficiency of BDE-209 in chicken tissues followed the sequence of liver (0.15 ± 0.032%) > skin (0.14 ± 0.038%) > intestine (0.071 ± 0.021%) > breast meat (0.062 ± 0.020%) > leg meat (0.059 ± 0.016%) > stomach (0.021 ± 0.0095%), likely due in part to facilitated absorption of BDE-209 by transport proteins (P-glycoproteins). On average, 9.3 ± 1.7% of BDE-209 was excreted in feces. Estimated human average dietary intake via the consumption of chicken tissues of ∑8PBDE for adults and children was 319 and 1380 ng day-1 for liver, 211 and 632 ng day-1 for leg meat, and 104 and 311 ng day-1 for breast meat from the contaminated group. Liver clearly poses the highest exposure risk for human consumption, particularly if chickens are fed with contaminated feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Charles S Wong
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environment, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9 Canada
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Mi XB, Bao LJ, Wu CC, Wong CS, Zeng EY. Absorption, tissue distribution, metabolism, and elimination of decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) in rats after multi-dose oral exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:749-756. [PMID: 28820999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human and ecological risks of BDE-209 have drawn much attention, particularly with growing e-waste recycling activities in developing countries. To further address the issue of BDE-209 biotransformation, a laboratory-controlled study was conducted. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed orally by gavage at a daily dose of 1 mg kg-1 body weight for 7 d and a depuration period of 22 d, to characterize absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination dynamics of BDE-209 during multi-dose exposures simulating short-term oral exposure of e-waste workers. The concentrations of BDE-209 in all tissues increased exponentially during the 7-d exposure period, indicating that multi-dose exposure could lead to increased accumulation of BDE-209 in rats. The liver accumulated the greatest amount of BDE-209 on a wet-weight basis, while adipose tissue had the highest concentration by the end of the 22-d depuration period. Half-lives of BDE-209, 207, and 197 during depuration were 1.1 ± 0.1, 2.7 ± 0.3, and 10.5 ± 3.1 d in serum and 0.9 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.2, and 11.8 ± 2.3 d in liver, i.e., the half-life increased with decreasing level of bromination from deca- to octa-BDEs and was similar in both serum and liver. By contrast, the half-life of the debromination metabolite BDE-207 (21.7 ± 7.7 d) was longer in small intestine than in serum and liver, suggesting slower depletion of BDE-209 metabolites in small intestine. The metabolism of BDE-209 was not responsible for the occurrence of low brominated BDE congeners and OH and MeO-PBDEs in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Bo Mi
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chen-Chou Wu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Charles S Wong
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environment, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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36
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Golmohammadzadeh S, Farhadian N, Biriaee A, Dehghani F, Khameneh B. Preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of microemulsion of raloxifene hydrochloride. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1619-1625. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1328430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Farhadian
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Biriaee
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faranak Dehghani
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahman Khameneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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37
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Assessment of cell viability and permeation enhancement in presence of lipid-based self-emulsifying drug delivery systems using Caco-2 cell model: Polysorbate 80 as the surfactant. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 99:350-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Xu Y, Wang Q, Feng Y, Firempong CK, Zhu Y, Omari-Siaw E, Zheng Y, Pu Z, Xu X, Yu J. Enhanced oral bioavailability of [6]-Gingerol-SMEDDS: Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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39
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Ahn H, Park JH. Liposomal delivery systems for intestinal lymphatic drug transport. Biomater Res 2016; 20:36. [PMID: 27895934 PMCID: PMC5120490 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-016-0083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal lymphatic drug delivery has been widely studied because drugs can bypass the first-pass metabolism in the liver via the lymphatic route, which increases oral bioavailability. Various lipid-based nanoparticles have been used to deliver hydrophobic drugs to the lymphatic pathway. This review focuses on the liposomal delivery systems used for intestinal lymphatic drug transport. Liposomal formulations have attracted particular attention because they can stimulate the production of chylomicrons and the incorporated drugs readily associate with enterocyte-derived chylomicrons, enhancing lymphatic drug transport. We believe that a full understanding of their contribution to intestinal drug translocation will lead to effective oral delivery with liposomal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeji Ahn
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, and Institute of Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, and Institute of Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
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Akhtar N, Khan RA. Liposomal systems as viable drug delivery technology for skin cancer sites with an outlook on lipid-based delivery vehicles and diagnostic imaging inputs for skin conditions'. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 64:192-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Dangre P, Gilhotra R, Dhole S. Formulation and statistical optimization of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of eprosartan mesylate for improvement of oral bioavailability. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:610-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nanostructured lipid carriers: versatile oral delivery vehicle. Future Sci OA 2016; 2:FSO135. [PMID: 28031979 PMCID: PMC5137980 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery is the most accepted and economical route for drug administration and leads to substantial reduction in dosing frequency. However, this route still remains a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry due to poorly soluble and permeable drugs leading to poor oral bioavailability. Incorporating bioactives into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) has helped in boosting their therapeutic functionality and prolonged release from these carrier systems thus providing improved pharmacokinetic parameters. The present review provides an overview of noteworthy studies reporting impending benefits of NLCs in oral delivery and highlights recent advancements for developing engineered NLCs either by conjugating polymers over their surface or modifying their charge to overcome the mucosal barrier of GI tract for active transport across intestinal membrane. Lay abstract: Oral administration of drugs is considered to be a convenient route; however, various drugs that are insoluble in water or unable to permeate across GI tract membrane cannot be delivered by this route. To deliver them effectively, various lipid carriers have been widely explored by researchers. Lipid carriers encapsulate drug inside them and deliver them effectively via the oral route. Also, encapsulation of drug protects them from degradation inside GI tract and safely delivers them to the site of action. This review summarizes application of lipid carriers, in other words, nanostructured lipid carriers, in eradicating these problems, with suitable examples.
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Elmowafy M, Samy A, Raslan MA, Salama A, Said RA, Abdelaziz AE, El-Eraky W, El Awdan S, Viitala T. Enhancement of Bioavailability and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Thymoquinone Via Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Formulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:663-72. [PMID: 26304932 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), obtained from black cumin (Nigella sativa), is a natural product with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects but unfortunately with poor bioavailability. Aiming to improve its poor oral bioavailability, TQ-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared by high-speed homogenization followed by ultrasonication and evaluated in vitro. Bioavailability and pharmacodynamic studies were also performed. The resultant NLCs showed poor physical homogeneity in Compritol 888 ATO Pluronic F127 system which consequently produced larger particle size and polydispersity index, smaller zeta potential values, and lower short-term (30 days) physical stability than other systems. Encapsulation efficiency percentage (EE%) lied between 84.6 ± 5% and 96.2 ± 1.6%. TQ AUC0-t values were higher in animals treated with NLCs, with a relative bioavailability of 2.03- and 3.97-fold (for F9 and F12, respectively) higher than TQ suspension, indicating bioavailability enhancement by NLC formulation. Hepatoprotective effects of F12 showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in both serum alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase to reach 305.0 ± 24.88 and 304.7 ± 23.55 U/ml, respectively, when compared with untreated toxic group. Anti-oxidant efficacy of F12 showed significant (P < 0.05) decline of malondialdehyde and elevation of reduced glutatione. This improvement was also confirmed histopathologically.
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Agbo C, Umeyor C, Kenechukwu F, Ogbonna J, Chime S, Lovelyn C, Agubata O, Ofokansi K, Attama A. Formulation design,in vitrocharacterizations and anti-malarial investigations of artemether and lumefantrine-entrapped solid lipid microparticles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1708-21. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2016.1171331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mishra A, Imam SS, Aqil M, Ahad A, Sultana Y, Ameeduzzafar, Ali A. Carvedilol nano lipid carriers: formulation, characterization and in-vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:1486-94. [PMID: 26978072 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1165314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop Carvedilol nanostructured lipid carriers (CAR-NLCs) using stearic acid and oleic acid as lipid, and to estimate the potential as oral delivery system for poorly water soluble drug. The particle-size analysis revealed that all the developed formulations were within the nanometer range. The EE and loading were found to be between 69.45-88.56% and 9.58-12.56%, respectively. The CAR-NLCopt showed spherical morphology with smooth surface under transmission electron microscope (TEM). The crystallization of the drug in NLC was investigated by powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and revealed that the drug was in an amorphous state in the NLC matrix. The ex vivo gut permeation study showed many folds increment in the permeation of CAR-NLCs compared to Carvedilol suspension (CAR-S). The oral bioavailability study of CAR was carried out using Wistar rats and relative bioavailability of CAR-NLCopt was found to be 3.95 fold increased in comparison with CAR-S. In vivo antihypertensive study in Wistar rats showed significant reduction in mean systolic BP by CAR-NLCopt vis-à-vis CAR-S (p < 0.05) owing to the drug absorption through lymphatic pathways. In conclusion, the NLC formulation remarkably improved the oral bioavailability of CAR and demonstrated a promising perspective for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. The promising findings in this investigation suggest the practicability of these systems for the enhancement of bioavailability of CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Mishra
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , Glocal School of Pharmacy, The Glocal University , Saharanpur , Uttar Pradesh , India , and
| | - Mohammed Aqil
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- c Department of Pharmaceutics , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | - Ameeduzzafar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | - Asgar Ali
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
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Rao S, Prestidge CA. Polymer-lipid hybrid systems: merging the benefits of polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers to improve oral drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:691-707. [PMID: 26866382 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1151872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of biobarriers limit efficient oral drug absorption; both polymer-based and lipid-based nanocarriers have demonstrated properties and delivery mechanisms to overcome these biobarriers in preclinical settings. Moreover, in order to address the multifaceted oral drug delivery challenges, polymer-lipid hybrid systems are now being designed to merge the beneficial features of both polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers. AREAS COVERED Recent advances in the development of polymer-lipid hybrids with a specific focus on their viability in oral delivery are reviewed. Three classes of polymer-lipid hybrids have been identified, i.e. lipid-core polymer-shell systems, polymer-core lipid-shell systems, and matrix-type polymer-lipid hybrids. We focus on their application to overcome the various biological barriers to oral drug absorption, as exemplified by selected preclinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Numerous studies have demonstrated the superiority of polymer-lipid hybrid systems to their non-hybrid counterparts in providing improved drug encapsulation, modulated drug release, and improved cellular uptake. These features have encouraged their applications in the delivery of chemotherapeutics, proteins, peptides, and vaccines. With further research expected to optimize the manufacturing and scaling up processes and in-depth pre-clinical pharmacological and toxicological assessments, these multifaceted drug delivery systems will have significant clinical impact on the oral delivery of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Rao
- a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , SA , Australia
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Evaluation of critical formulation parameters in design and differentiation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) for oral delivery of aciclovir. Int J Pharm 2016; 497:301-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fern JCW, Nakamura H, Watano S. Development of a Novel Milling System Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Improvement of Dissolution Characteristics of Water-Poorly Soluble Drugs. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1720-1725. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideya Nakamura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Satoru Watano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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Dening TJ, Rao S, Thomas N, Prestidge CA. Oral nanomedicine approaches for the treatment of psychiatric illnesses. J Control Release 2015; 223:137-156. [PMID: 26739547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric illnesses are a leading cause of disability and morbidity globally. However, the preferred orally dosed pharmacological treatment options available for depression, anxiety and schizophrenia are often limited by factors such as low drug aqueous solubility, food effects, high hepatic first-pass metabolism effects and short half-lives. Furthermore, the discovery and development of more effective psychotropic agents has stalled in recent times, with the majority of new drugs reaching the market offering similar efficacy, but suffering from the same oral delivery concerns. As such, the application of nanomedicine formulation approaches to currently available drugs is a viable option for optimizing oral drug delivery and maximizing treatment efficacy. This review focuses on the various delivery challenges encountered by psychotropic drugs, and the ability of nanomedicine formulation strategies to overcome these. Specifically, we critically review proof of concept in vitro and in vivo studies of nanoemulsions/microemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers and nanosuspensions, and provide new insight into the various mechanisms for improved drug performance. The advantages and limitations of current oral nanomedicine approaches for psychotropic drugs are discussed, which will provide guidance for future research directions and assist in fostering the translation of such delivery systems to the clinical setting. Accordingly, emphasis has been placed on correlating the in vitro/in vivo performance of these nanomedicine approaches with their potential clinical outcomes and benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahnee J Dening
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Shasha Rao
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Abstract
The emerging epidemic of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas worldwide continues to defy our understanding and forces the search for the causative factors. Adjuvants are known to act as triggers of immune and inflammatory responses. Animal experiments have demonstrated that long-term inflammation is related to aggravation of the immune network resulting in cellular and humoral responses leading to autoimmunity and lymphoma development. Chronic stimulation of the immune system is thought to be the key mechanism through which infectious diseases as well as autoimmune diseases can lead to lymphomagenesis. Many adjuvants can act similarly perturbing immune system's function, inducing a state of prolonged immune activation related to chronic lymphatic drainage. Several mechanisms were proposed by which adjuvants induce inflammation, and they are discussed herein. Some of them are triggering inflammasome; others bind DNA, lipid moieties in cells, induce uric acid production or act as lipophilic and/or hydrophobic substances. The sustained inflammation increases the risk of genetic aberrations, where the initial polyclonal activation ends in monoclonality. The latter is the hallmark of malignant lymphoma. Thus, chronic adjuvant stimulation may lead to lymphoma.
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