1
|
Li J, Nguyen HM. A Mechanistic Probe into 1,2- cis Glycoside Formation Catalyzed by Phenanthroline and Further Expansion of Scope. Adv Synth Catal 2021; 363:4054-4066. [PMID: 35431716 PMCID: PMC9009828 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenanthroline, a rigid and planar compound with two fused pyridine rings, has been used as a powerful ligand for metals and a binding agent for DNA/RNA. We discovered that phenanthroline could be used as a nucleophilic catalyst to efficiently access high yielding and diastereoselective α-1,2-cis glycosides through the coupling of hydroxyl acceptors with α-glycosyl bromide donors. We have conducted an extensive investigation into the reaction mechanism, wherein the two glycosyl phenanthrolinium ion intermediates, a 4C1 chair-liked β-conformer and a B2,5 boat-like α-conformer, have been detected in a ratio of 2:1 (β:α) using variable temperature NMR experiments. Furthermore, NMR studies illustrate that a hydrogen bonding is formed between the second nitrogen atom of phenanthroline and the C1-anomeric hydrogen of sugar moiety to stabilize the phenanthrolinium ion intermediates. To obtain high α-1,2-cis stereoselectivity, a Curtin-Hammett scenario was proposed wherein interconversion of the 4C1 chair-like β-conformer and B2,5 boat-like α-conformer is more rapid than nucleophilic addition. Hydroxyl attack takes place from the α-face of the more reactive 4C1 β-phenanthrolinium intermediate to give an α-anomeric product. The utility of the phenanthroline catalysis is expanded to sterically hindered hydroxyl nucleophiles and chemoselective coupling of an alkyl hydroxyl group in the presence of a free C1-hemiacetal. In addition, the phenanthroline-based catalyst has a pronounced effect on site-selective couplings of triol motifs and orthogonally activates the anomeric bromide leaving group over the anomeric fluoride and sulfide counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghosh T, Mukherji A, Kancharla PK. Open-Close Strategy toward the Organocatalytic Generation of 2-Deoxyribosyl Oxocarbenium Ions: Pyrrolidine-Salt-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Deoxyribofuranosides. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Titli Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 781039 Guwahati India
| | - Ananya Mukherji
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 781039 Guwahati India
| | - Pavan K. Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 781039 Guwahati India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O'Neill S, Rodriguez J, Walczak MA. Direct Dehydrative Glycosylation of C1-Alcohols. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2978-2990. [PMID: 30019854 PMCID: PMC7326538 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the central role played by carbohydrates in a multitude of biological processes, there has been a sustained interest in developing effective glycosylation methods to enable more thorough investigation of their essential functions. Among the myriad technologies available for stereoselective glycoside bond formation, dehydrative glycosylation possesses a distinct advantage given the unique properties of C1-alcohols such as straightforward preparation, stability, and a general reactivity compatible with a diverse set of reaction conditions. In this Focus Review, a survey of direct dehydrative glycosylations of C1-alcohols is provided with an emphasis on recent achievements, pervading limitations, mechanistic insights, and applications in total synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sloane O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fascione MA, Brabham R, Turnbull WB. Mechanistic Investigations into the Application of Sulfoxides in Carbohydrate Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 22:3916-28. [PMID: 26744250 PMCID: PMC4794778 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The utility of sulfoxides in a diverse range of transformations in the field of carbohydrate chemistry has seen rapid growth since the first introduction of a sulfoxide as a glycosyl donor in 1989. Sulfoxides have since developed into more than just anomeric leaving groups, and today have multiple roles in glycosylation reactions. These include as activators for thioglycosides, hemiacetals, and glycals, and as precursors to glycosyl triflates, which are essential for stereoselective β-mannoside synthesis, and bicyclic sulfonium ions that facilitate the stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosides. In this review we highlight the mechanistic investigations undertaken in this area, often outlining strategies employed to differentiate between multiple proposed reaction pathways, and how the conclusions of these investigations have and continue to inform upon the development of more efficient transformations in sulfoxide-based carbohydrate synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Fascione
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Robin Brabham
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
George N, Bekkaye M, Alix A, Zhu J, Masson G. NIS-Assisted Aza-Friedel-Crafts Reaction with α-Carbamoysulfides as Precursors ofN-Carbamoylimines. Chemistry 2014; 20:3621-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
Yang L, Qin Q, Ye XS. Preactivation: An Alternative Strategy in Stereoselective Glycosylation and Oligosaccharide Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
7
|
Liu CYI, Mulani S, Mong KKT. Iterative One-Pot α-Glycosylation Strategy: Application to Oligosaccharide Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
8
|
Fujioka H, Minamitsuji Y, Moriya T, Okamoto K, Kubo O, Matsushita T, Murai K. Preparation of THP‐Ester‐Derived Pyridinium‐Type Salts and their Reactions with Various Nucleophiles. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1925-33. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Fujioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamada‐oka, Suita, Osaka, 565‐0871 (Japan), Fax: (+81)6‐6879‐8229
| | - Yutaka Minamitsuji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamada‐oka, Suita, Osaka, 565‐0871 (Japan), Fax: (+81)6‐6879‐8229
| | - Takahiro Moriya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamada‐oka, Suita, Osaka, 565‐0871 (Japan), Fax: (+81)6‐6879‐8229
| | - Kazuhisa Okamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamada‐oka, Suita, Osaka, 565‐0871 (Japan), Fax: (+81)6‐6879‐8229
| | - Ozora Kubo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamada‐oka, Suita, Osaka, 565‐0871 (Japan), Fax: (+81)6‐6879‐8229
| | - Tomoyo Matsushita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamada‐oka, Suita, Osaka, 565‐0871 (Japan), Fax: (+81)6‐6879‐8229
| | - Kenichi Murai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamada‐oka, Suita, Osaka, 565‐0871 (Japan), Fax: (+81)6‐6879‐8229
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fascione MA, Adshead SJ, Mandal PK, Kilner CA, Leach AG, Turnbull WB. Mechanistic studies on a sulfoxide transfer reaction mediated by diphenyl sulfoxide/triflic anhydride. Chemistry 2012; 18:2987-97. [PMID: 22294491 PMCID: PMC3743163 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoxides are frequently used in organic synthesis as chiral auxiliaries and reagents to mediate a wide variety of chemical transformations. For example, diphenyl sulfoxide and triflic anhydride can be used to activate a wide range of glycosyl donors including hemiacetals, glycals and thioglycosides. In this way, an alcohol, enol or sulfide is converted into a good leaving group for subsequent reaction with an acceptor alcohol. However, reaction of diphenyl sulfoxide and triflic anhydride with oxathiane-based thioglycosides, and other oxathianes, leads to a different process in which the thioglycoside is oxidised to a sulfoxide. This unexpected oxidation reaction is very stereoselective and proceeds under anhydrous conditions in which the diphenyl sulfoxide acts both as oxidant and as the source of the oxygen atom. Isotopic labelling experiments support a reaction mechanism that involves the formation of oxodisulfonium (S-O-S) dication intermediates. These intermediates undergo oxygen-exchange reactions with other sulfoxides and also allow interconversion of axial and equatorial sulfoxides in oxathiane rings. The reversibility of the oxygen-exchange reaction suggests that the stereochemical outcome of the oxidation reaction may be under thermodynamic control, which potentially presents a novel strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of sulfoxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Fascione
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9 JT (UK), Fax: (+44) 1133436565 E-mail:
| | - Sophie J Adshead
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9 JT (UK), Fax: (+44) 1133436565 E-mail:
| | - Pintu K Mandal
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9 JT (UK), Fax: (+44) 1133436565 E-mail:
| | - Colin A Kilner
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9 JT (UK), Fax: (+44) 1133436565 E-mail:
| | - Andrew G Leach
- AstraZenecaAlderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TF (UK)
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9 JT (UK), Fax: (+44) 1133436565 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang L, Zhu J, Zheng XJ, Tai G, Ye XS. A highly α-stereoselective synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of the Vi antigen from Salmonella typhi and their antigenic activities. Chemistry 2011; 17:14518-26. [PMID: 22095754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a convenient approach to the synthesis of the repeating α-(1→4)-linked N-acetyl galactosaminuronic acid units from the capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi is reported. The exclusively α-stereoselective glycosylation reactions were achieved by using oxazolidinone-protected glycosides as building blocks based on a pre-activation protocol. Di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides were prepared by this short and efficient approach in high yields. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments show that our synthetic tri- and tetrasaccharide had much higher antigenic activities than previously reported ones in the inhibition of antibody binding by the native polysaccharide. The results demonstrate that the antigenic activities of saccharides can be strengthened greatly by increasing the number of acetyl groups present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hsu CH, Chu KC, Lin YS, Han JL, Peng YS, Ren CT, Wu CY, Wong CH. Highly Alpha-Selective Sialyl Phosphate Donors for Efficient Preparation of Natural Sialosides. Chemistry 2010; 16:1754-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
12
|
Wang Z, Gilbert M, Eguchi H, Yu H, Cheng J, Muthana S, Zhou L, Wang PG, Chen X, Huang X. Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigen Globo-H and Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen 4. Adv Synth Catal 2008; 350:1717-1728. [PMID: 20305750 PMCID: PMC2842016 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides have attracted much attention due to their important biological properties. Herein, we report the first chemoenzymatic syntheses of two globo series of ganglioside oligosaccharides, Globo-H 1 and stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) 2. The common precursor SSEA-3 pentasaccharide for these two compounds was assembled rapidly using the pre-activation based one-pot glycosylation method. The stereoselectivity in forming the 1,2-cis linkage in SSEA-3 was attributed to a steric buttressing effect of the donor rather than electronic properties of the glycosyl donors. SSEA-3 was then successfully fucosylated by the fucosyltransferase WbsJ and sialylated by sialyltransferases CST-I and PmST1 producing Globo-H and SSEA-4 respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606 USA
| | - Michel Gilbert
- National Research Council Canada, Institute for Biological Sciences, Glycobiology Program, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Hironobu Eguchi
- The Ohio State University, Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
| | - Jiansong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
| | - Saddam Muthana
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
| | - Luyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606 USA
| | - Peng George Wang
- The Ohio State University, Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jensen HH, Pedersen CM, Bols M. Going to Extremes: “Super” Armed Glycosyl Donors in Glycosylation Chemistry. Chemistry 2007; 13:7576-82. [PMID: 17705330 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This concept article gives an overview of stereoelectronic effects in monosaccharide systems and how these can be used to dramatically enhance the reactivity of glycosyl donors in oligosaccharide synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yamago S, Yamada T, Ito H, Hara O, Mino Y, Yoshida JI. Combinatorial synthesis of an oligosaccharide library by using beta-bromoglycoside-mediated iterative glycosylation of selenoglycosides: rapid expansion of molecular diversity with simple building blocks. Chemistry 2006; 11:6159-74. [PMID: 16075449 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new method for constructing an oligosaccharide library composed of structurally defined oligosaccharides is presented based on an iterative glycosylation of selenoglycosides. Treatment of 2-acyl-protected selenoglycosides with bromine selectively generates beta-bromoglycosides, which serve as glycosyl cation equivalents in the oligosaccharide synthesis. Thus, the coupling of the bromoglycosides with another selenoglycoside affords the corresponding glycosylated selenoglycosides, which can be directly used to next glycosylation. The iteration of this sequence allows the synthesis of a variety of oligosaccharides including an elicitor active heptasaccharide. A characteristic feature of the iterative glycosylation is that glycosyl donors and acceptors with the same anomeric reactivity can be selectively coupled by activation of the glycosyl donor prior to coupling with the glycosyl acceptor. Therefore, same selenoglycosides can be used for both the glycosyl donors and the acceptors. This feature has been exemplified by a construction of an oligosaccharide library directed to elicitor-active oligosaccharides. The library composed of stereochemically defined oligoglucosides with considerable structural diversity can be constructed starting from simple selenoglycosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yamago
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dondoni A, Marra A, Massi A. Hybrid Solution/Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides by Using Trichloroacetyl Isocyanate as Sequestration-Enabling Reagent of Sugar Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:1672-6. [PMID: 15693044 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dondoni
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dondoni A, Marra A, Massi A. Hybrid Solution/Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides by Using Trichloroacetyl Isocyanate as Sequestration-Enabling Reagent of Sugar Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|