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Sun Y, Gan J, Fan R. Facile Construction of Oxa-Aza Spirobicycles via a Tandem Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Oxidation. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Frederick MO, Janda KD, Nicolaou KC, Dickerson TJ. Monoclonal antibodies with orthogonal azaspiracid epitopes. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1625-9. [PMID: 19492388 PMCID: PMC2750835 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Azaspiracid antibodies: Immunization of azaspiracid immunoconjugates has elicited monoclonal antibodies with distinct epitopes on the marine toxin; this will open the way toward azaspiracid diagnostics and the detection of contaminated shellfish before they can enter the food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O. Frederick
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Kim D. Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology and Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Tobin J. Dickerson
- Department of Chemistry and Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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Yadav J, Joyasawal S, Dutta S, Kunwar A. Stereoselective synthesis of the ABCD ring framework of azaspiracids. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nicolaou KC, Frederick MO, Petrovic G, Cole KP, Loizidou EZ. Total synthesis and confirmation of the revised structures of azaspiracid-2 and azaspiracid-3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:2609-15. [PMID: 16548033 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Evans D, Kværnø L, Mulder J, Raymer B, Dunn T, Beauchemin A, Olhava E, Juhl M, Kagechika K. Total Synthesis of (+)-Azaspiracid-1. Part I: Synthesis of the Fully Elaborated ABCD Aldehyde. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Evans DA, Kvaernø L, Mulder JA, Raymer B, Dunn TB, Beauchemin A, Olhava EJ, Juhl M, Kagechika K. Total Synthesis of (+)-Azaspiracid-1. Part I: Synthesis of the Fully Elaborated ABCD Aldehyde. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4693-7. [PMID: 17546577 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Evans
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Nicolaou KC, Snyder SA. Chasing molecules that were never there: misassigned natural products and the role of chemical synthesis in modern structure elucidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 44:1012-1044. [PMID: 15688428 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200460864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of the past half century, the structural elucidation of unknown natural products has undergone a tremendous revolution. Before World War II, a chemist would have relied almost exclusively on the art of chemical synthesis, primarily in the form of degradation and derivatization reactions, to develop and test structural hypotheses in a process that often took years to complete when grams of material were available. Today, a battery of advanced spectroscopic methods, such as multidimensional NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry, not to mention X-ray crystallography, exist for the expeditious assignment of structures to highly complex molecules isolated from nature in milligram or sub-milligram quantities. In fact, it could be argued that the characterization of natural products has become a routine task, one which no longer even requires a reaction flask! This Review makes the case that imaginative detective work and chemical synthesis still have important roles to play in the process of solving nature's most intriguing molecular puzzles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Fax: (+1) 858-784-2469
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Fax: (+1) 858-784-2469
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Zhou XT, Lu L, Furkert DP, Wells CE, Carter RG. Synthesis of the southern FGHI ring system of azaspiracid-1 and investigation into the controlling elements of C28- and C36-ketalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:7622-6. [PMID: 17044107 PMCID: PMC2414259 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ti Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Fax: (+ 1) 541−737−9496 E-mail:
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Fax: (+ 1) 541−737−9496 E-mail:
| | - Daniel P. Furkert
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Fax: (+ 1) 541−737−9496 E-mail:
| | - Charles E. Wells
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Fax: (+ 1) 541−737−9496 E-mail:
| | - Rich G. Carter
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Fax: (+ 1) 541−737−9496 E-mail:
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Zhou XT, Lu L, Furkert DP, Wells CE, Carter RG. Synthesis of the Southern FGHI Ring System of Azaspiracid-1 and Investigation into the Controlling Elements of C28- and C36-Ketalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nicolaou KC, Frederick MO, Loizidou EZ, Petrovic G, Cole KP, Koftis TV, Yamada YMA. Second-Generation Total Synthesis of Azaspiracids-1, -2, and -3. Chem Asian J 2006; 1:245-63. [PMID: 17441061 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring but scarce marine neurotoxins azaspiracids-1, -2, and -3 have been synthesized from five key building blocks by a convergent strategy that involved dithiane and Stille coupling reactions. The ABCD fragments were constructed through a cascade reaction involving deprotection/self-assembly of the precursors, while the FGHI fragment was forged by a neodymium triflate-induced cyclization. The final ring closure (ring G) was achieved, after the union of all fragments, through an iodoetherification reaction followed by reductive removal of the facilitating iodine residue. These improved, second-generation routes confirm the absolute structures and render all three azaspiracids readily available for biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Nicolaou KC, Frederick MO, Petrovic G, Cole KP, Loizidou EZ. Total Synthesis and Confirmation of the Revised Structures of Azaspiracid-2 and Azaspiracid-3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200600295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhou XT, Carter RG. Synthesis of the C1–C26 Northern Portion of Azaspiracid-1: Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Control of the Formation of the Bis-spiroketal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhou XT, Carter RG. Synthesis of the C1-C26 northern portion of azaspiracid-1: kinetic versus thermodynamic control of the formation of the bis-spiroketal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:1787-90. [PMID: 16470899 PMCID: PMC2414258 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ti Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, USA
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Nicolaou KC, Snyder SA. Die Jagd auf Moleküle, die nie existiert haben: Falsch zugeordnete Naturstoffstrukturen und die Rolle der chemischen Synthese in der modernen Strukturaufklärung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry und The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Fax: (+1) 858‐784‐2469
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry und The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Fax: (+1) 858‐784‐2469
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Forsyth CJ, Hao J, Aiguade J. Synthesis of the (+)‐C26–C40 Domain of the Azaspiracids by a Novel Double Intramolecular Hetero‐Michael Addition Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20011001)113:19<3775::aid-ange3775>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig J. Forsyth
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Technology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Fax: (+1) 612‐626‐7541
| | - Junliang Hao
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Technology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Fax: (+1) 612‐626‐7541
| | - Josep Aiguade
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Technology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Fax: (+1) 612‐626‐7541
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