1
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Davison N, Quirk JA, Wills C, Dixon C, Waddell PG, Dawson JA, Lu E. Elucidating Solution-State Coordination Modes of Multidentate Neutral Amine Ligands with Group-1 Metal Cations: Variable-Temperature NMR Studies. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15204-15212. [PMID: 36109881 PMCID: PMC9516690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Multidentate neutral amine ligands play vital roles in
coordination
chemistry and catalysis. In particular, these ligands are used to
tune the reactivity of Group-1 metal reagents, such as organolithium
reagents. Most, if not all, of these Group-1 metal reagent-mediated
reactions occur in solution. However, the solution-state coordination
behaviors of these ligands with Group-1 metal cations are poorly understood,
compared to the plethora of solid-state structural studies based on
single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies. In this work, we
comprehensively mapped out the coordination modes with Group-1 metal
cations for three multidentate neutral amine ligands: tridentate 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane
(Me3TACN), tetradentate tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine
(Me6Tren), and hexadentate N,N′,N″-tris-(2-N-diethylaminoethyl)-1,4,7-triaza-cyclononane
(DETAN). The macrocycles in the Me3TACN and DETAN are identified
as the rigid structural directing motif, with the sidearms of DETAN
providing flexible “on-demand” coordination sites. In
comparison, the Me6Tren ligand features more robust coordination,
with the sidearms less likely to undergo the decoordinating–coordinating
equilibrium. This work will provide a guidance for coordination chemists
in applying these three ligands, in particular, the new DETAN ligand
to design metal complexes which suit their purposes. Combining variable-temperature nuclear
magnetic resonance
(VT NMR) and DFT calculations, this work elucidates the solution-state
coordination modes of three multidentate neutral amine ligands with
Group-1 metal cations. Our studies prove that two ligand-design building
blocks, that is, N-macrocycle (TACN) and N-sidearms, act as structure-dictating
and hemilabile coordinating sites, respectively. The concept could
be utilized in designing new catalytic systems, which anchor the metal
center on the macrocycle, while the sidearms serve as “on-demand”
protective coordination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davison
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - James A. Quirk
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Corinne Wills
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Casey Dixon
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Paul G. Waddell
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - James A. Dawson
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Erli Lu
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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2
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner K, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Lösungsmitteleinflüsse auf die Struktur und Stabilität von Alkalimetallcarbenoiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
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3
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner K, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Solvation Effects on the Structure and Stability of Alkali Metal Carbenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:493-498. [PMID: 33006796 PMCID: PMC7821203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
s-Block metal carbenoids are carbene synthons and applied in a myriad of organic transformations. They exhibit a strong structure-activity relationship, but this is only poorly understood due to the challenging high reactivity and sensitivity of these reagents. Here, we report on systematic VT and DOSY NMR studies, XRD analyses as well as DFT calculations on a sulfoximinoyl-substituted model system to explain the pronounced solvent dependency of the carbenoid stability. While the sodium and potassium chloride carbenoids showed high stabilities independent of the solvent, the lithium carbenoid was stable at room temperature in THF but decomposed at -10 °C in toluene. These divergent stabilities could be explained by the different structures formed in solution. In contrast to simple organolithium reagents, the monomeric THF-solvate was found to be more stable than the dimer in toluene, since the latter more readily forms direct Li/Cl interactions which facilitate decomposition via α-elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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4
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Grote V, Neudörfl JM, Goldfuss B. Enantiopure Methyl- and Phenyllithium: Mixed (Carb-)Anionic Anisyl Fencholate-Aggregates. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Grote
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4−6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4−6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4−6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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5
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Rathman T‘L, Schwindeman JA. Preparation, Properties, and Safe Handling of Commercial Organolithiums: Alkyllithiums, Lithium sec-Organoamides, and Lithium Alkoxides. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500161b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Terry ‘Li’ Rathman
- t-Links Consulting, 3843 Gardner Park Drive, Gastonia, North Carolina 28054, United States
| | - James A. Schwindeman
- Rohner Inc., 4066 Belle
Meade Circle, Belmont, North
Carolina 28012, United States
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6
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Klett J. Monometalated tribenzotriquinacene: exo and endo coordination of sodium and potassium with a rigid bowl-shaped hydrocarbon anion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7929-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monometalated tribenzotriquinacene forms an exo coordinated arrangement with sodium, while potassium is found in an endo position inside the bowl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klett
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Su C, Hopson R, Williard PG. Isotopically Enriched 13C Diffusion-Ordered NMR Spectroscopy: Analysis of Methyllithium. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11733-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401740g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chicheung Su
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Russell Hopson
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Paul G. Williard
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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8
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Harrison-Marchand A, Mongin F. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 1. Structural Data. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7470-562. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300295w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
| | - Florence Mongin
- Équipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bâtiment 10A, case 1003, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
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9
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Reich HJ. Role of Organolithium Aggregates and Mixed Aggregates in Organolithium Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7130-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400187u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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10
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Zhang S, Zhan M, Zhang WX, Xi Z. 3-D Brick-Wall Polymeric Structure of TMEDA-Supported 1,4-Dilithio-1,3-Butadiene. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400531h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s
Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, SIOC, CAS, Shanghai 200032,
People’s Republic of China
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11
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Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Petrukhina MA. Pentadecker Supramolecules with a Lithium Alkoxo Nanobelt Sandwiched between Two Highly Charged Buckybowl Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Petrukhina MA. Pentadecker Supramolecules with a Lithium Alkoxo Nanobelt Sandwiched between Two Highly Charged Buckybowl Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12194-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Wu G, Zhu J. NMR studies of alkali metal ions in organic and biological solids. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 61:1-70. [PMID: 22340207 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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15
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Bertke JA, Oliver AG, Henderson KW. Effects of the Alkali-Metal Cation Size on Molecular and Extended Structures: Formation of Coordination Polymers and Hybrid Materials in the Homologous Series [(4-Et-C6H4OM)·(diox)n], M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:1020-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202158m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame,
Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame,
Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame,
Indiana 46556, United States
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16
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Granitzka M, Pöppler AC, Schwarze EK, Stern D, Schulz T, John M, Herbst-Irmer R, Pandey SK, Stalke D. Aggregation of Donor Base Stabilized 2-Thienyllithium in a Single Crystal and in Solution: Distances from X-ray Diffraction and the Nuclear Overhauser Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:1344-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Granitzka
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Pöppler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eike K. Schwarze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schulz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sushil K. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 006, India
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Armstrong DR, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Developing a hetero-alkali-metal chemistry of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (TMP): stoichiometric and structural diversity within a series of lithium/sodium, lithium/potassium and sodium/potassium TMP compounds. Chemistry 2011; 17:8820-31. [PMID: 21766365 PMCID: PMC3761191 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studied extensively in solution and in the solid state, Li(TMP) (TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide) is an important utility reagent popular as a strongly basic, weakly nucleophilic tool for C-H metallation. Recently, there has been a surge in interest in mixed metal derivatives containing the bulky TMP anion. Herein, we start to develop hetero (alkali metal) TMP chemistry by reporting the N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA)-hemisolvated sodium-lithium cycloheterodimer [(tmeda)Na(μ-tmp)(2) Li], and its TMEDA-free variant [{Na(μ-tmp)Li(μ-tmp)}(∞)], which provides a rare example of a crystallographically authenticated polymeric alkali metal amide. Experimental observations suggest that the former is a kinetic intermediate en route to the latter thermodynamic product. Furthermore, a third modification, the mixed potassium-lithium-rich cycloheterotrimer [(tmeda)K(μ-tmp)Li(μ-tmp)Li(μ-tmp)], has also been synthesised and crystallographically characterised. On moving to the bulkier tridentate donor N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenediamine (PMDETA), the additional ligation forces the sodium-lithium and potassium-dilithium ring species to open giving the acyclic arc-shaped complexes [(pmdeta)Na(μ-tmp)Li(tmp)] and [(pmdeta)K(μ-tmp)Li(μ-tmp)Li(tmp)], respectively. Completing the series, the potassium-lithium and potassium-sodium derivatives [(pmdeta)K(μ-tmp)(2) M] (M=Li, Na) have also been isolated as closed structures with a distinctly asymmetric central MN(2) K ring. Collectively, these seven new bimetallic compounds display five distinct structural motifs, four of which have never hitherto been witnessed in TMP chemistry and three of which are unprecedented in the vast structural library of alkali metal amide chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44) 141-548-4787 E-mail:
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44) 141-548-4787 E-mail:
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44) 141-548-4787 E-mail:
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44) 141-548-4787 E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
This paper provides a short introduction to the basics of electron density investigations. The two predominant approaches for the modelling and various interpretations of electron density distributions are presented. Their potential translations into chemical concepts are explained. The focus of the article lies on the deduction of chemical properties from charge density studies in some selected main group compounds. The relationship between the obtained numerical data and commonly accepted simple chemical concepts unfortunately is not always straightforward, and often the chemist relies on heuristic connections rather than rigorously defined ones. This article tries to demonstrate how charge density analyses can shed light on aspects of chemical bonding and reactivity resulting from the determined bonding situation. Sometimes this helps to identify misconceptions and sets the scene for new unconventional synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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19
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Davidson MG, Garcia-Vivo D, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Exploiting σ/π coordination isomerism to prepare homologous organoalkali metal (Li, Na, K) monomers with identical ligand sets. Chemistry 2011; 17:3364-9. [PMID: 21341333 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tetraamine Me(6)TREN has been used as a scaffold support to provide coordinative saturation in the complexes PhCH(2)M⋅Me(6)TREN (M=Li, Na, K). The Li derivative displays a Li−−C σ interaction with a pyramidalized CH(2) both in the solid state and in solution, and represents the first example of η(4) coordination of Me(6)TREN to lithium. In the sodium derivative, the metal cation slips slightly towards the delocalized π electrons whilst maintaining a partial σ interaction with the CH(2) group. For the potassium case, coordinative saturation successfully yields the first monomeric benzylpotassium complex, in which the anion binds to the metal cation exclusively through its delocalized π system resulting in a planar CH(2) group.
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20
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Meinholz MM, Carl E, Kriemen E, Stalke D. Peroxide solvation by a toroidal lithium inverse crown ether complex assembled by multidentate polyimido sulfonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10948-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Kamps I, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. A Chain Aggregate of Methyllithium Tetramers. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om1003804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Kamps
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 15, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Fax:
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 15, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Fax:
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 15, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Fax:
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 15, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Fax:
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22
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Capriati V, Florio S. Anatomy of long-lasting love affairs with lithium carbenoids: past and present status and future prospects. Chemistry 2010; 16:4152-62. [PMID: 20222089 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After a long adolescence, the chemistry of lithium carbenoids has currently been entering its maturity bringing a dowry of a more in-depth and less empirical knowledge of the structure and configurational stability of such double-faced intermediates; this, thanks in particular to the synergistic and harmonic cooperation between calculations and the most modern NMR techniques now at our disposal. Such knowledge has stimulated the development of fruitful stereoselective applications in the field of organic synthesis, providing in addition a rationale to observed selectivities. Such aspects together with the role played by aggregation and solvation on the structure-reactivity relationship are highlighted throughout this Minireview with selected examples extracted from recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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23
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Goto K, Takahashi Y, Kawashima T. Synthesis and structural characterization of a mixed aggregate containing a lithium thiolate and a lithium amide. J Sulphur Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17415990903026339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Goto
- a Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- a Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- a Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Strohmann C, Gessner VH. Crystal Structures of the Chiral Diamine (R,R)-TMCDA with the Commonly Used Alkyllithium Bases Methyllithium, iso-Propyllithium, and sec-Butyllithium. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8952-3. [PMID: 17595089 DOI: 10.1021/ja072970t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Strohmann C, Gessner V. Vom Alkyllithiumaggregat [{(nBuLi)2⋅PMDTA}2] zu lithiiertem PMDTA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200605105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Strohmann C, Gessner VH. From the Alkyllithium Aggregate [{(nBuLi)2⋅PMDTA}2] to Lithiated PMDTA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4566-9. [PMID: 17486553 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200605105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Ohta Y, Demura A, Okamoto T, Hitomi H, Nagaoka M. The Body-Centered Cubic Structure of Methyllithium Tetramer Crystal: Staggered Methyl Conformation by Electrostatic Stabilization via Intratetramer Multipolarization. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:12640-4. [PMID: 16800596 DOI: 10.1021/jp057014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The methyllithium tetramer (CH3Li)4 structure in the bcc crystal has been theoretically optimized with the use of density functional theory calculations under the periodic boundary condition. The X-ray structure shows that the methyl-group conformation in tetramer in crystal takes the staggered form rather than the eclipsed form that is taken in the isolated tetramer, i.e., the crystal packing effect, and this has been reproduced for the first time. It is concluded that the staggered form is advantageous in crystal, as a whole, due to the larger electrostatic stabilization via the induced intratetramer multipolarization, although it should cause, simultaneously, smaller destabilization in intratetramer electronic energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ohta
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Leusser D, Henn J, Kocher N, Engels B, Stalke D. S=N versus S+-N-: an experimental and theoretical charge density study. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:1781-93. [PMID: 14871110 DOI: 10.1021/ja038941+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the bonding situation in the widely discussed hypervalent sulfur nitrogen species, the charge density distributions rho(r) and related properties of four representative compounds, methyl(diimido)sulfinic acid H(NtBu)(2)SMe (1), methylene-bis(triimido)sulfonic acid H(2)C[S(NtBu)(2) (NHtBu)](2) (2), sulfurdiimide S(NtBu)(2) (3), and sulfurtriimide S(NtBu)(3) (4), were determined experimentally by high-resolution low-temperature X-ray diffraction experiments (T = 100 K). This set of molecules represents an ideal frame of reference for the comparison of SN bonding modes, because they contain short formal S=N double bonds as well as long S-N single bonds, some of them influenced by inter- or intramolecular hydrogen bonds. For comparison, the gas-phase ab initio calculations of the four model compounds, H(NMe)(2)SMe, H(2)C[S(NMe)(2)(NHMe)](2), S(NMe)(2), and S(NMe)(3), were performed. The topological features were found to be not particularly sensitive with respect to different substituents R (R = H, Me, tBu). In this paper, it is documented that theory and experiment differ in the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix because of systematically differing positions of the bond critical points but agree very well concerning the spatial Laplacian distribution and the distinct polarization of all investigated sulfur-nitrogen bonds. Both recommend the S(+)-N(-) formulation of sulfur nitrogen bonds in 1 and 2 since all nitrogen atoms are found to be sp(3) hybridized. The planar SNx (x = 2, 3) units in the diimide 3 and the triimide 4 reveal characteristics of m-center-n-electron systems. For none of the investigated S-N bonds, a classical double bond formulation can be supported. This is further substantiated by the NBO/NRT approach. Valence expansion to more than eight electrons at the sulfur atom can definitely be excluded to explain the bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leusser
- Institutes of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Johansson A, Vestergren M, Håkansson M, Gustafsson B, Jagner S. Unexpected structural similarity between the chlorocopper(i) unit and the methyllithium and phenyllithium units. First complexes between (−)-sparteine and copper(i) chloride: synthesis and structural characterisation. NEW J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b402260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Strohmann C, Strohfeldt K, Schildbach D. The Crystal Structures of the Chiral Alkyllithium Bases [n-BuLi·(−)-Sparteine]2 and [Et2O·(i-PrLi)2·(−)-Sparteine]. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:13672-3. [PMID: 14599200 DOI: 10.1021/ja0374372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of the two chiral alkyllithium bases [n-BuLi.(-)-sparteine]2 (1) and [Et2O.(i-PrLi)2.(-)-sparteine] (2) have been determined. For compound 1, a symmetric dimer is observed in the solid state, with two (-)-sparteine ligands coordinating to the lithium centers. Because of steric reasons, compound 2 crystallizes as an unsymmetric dimer with the four methyl groups pointing away from the sterically demanding (-)-sparteine ligand. Compound 2 contains one four-coordinate lithium center [coordinated to (-)-sparteine] and one three-coordinate lithium center (coordinated to Et2O). As a result of this arrangement, significantly different Li-C distances are found in the central four-membered ring of compound 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Walfort B, Auth T, Degel B, Helten H, Stalke D. Copper and Silver Triimidosulfites: S(NtBu)32--Bicapped M3-Triangles Connected via Lithium Halide Ladders or Fragments Thereof. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om020032q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Walfort
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Auth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Björn Degel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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