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Tomczyk I, Kalek M. Electrochemical Dearomatizing Methoxylation of Phenols and Naphthols: Synthetic and Computational Studies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303916. [PMID: 38315289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidative dearomatizing methoxylation of phenols and naphthols was developed. It provides an alternative route for the preparation of methoxycyclohexadienones, important and versatile synthetic intermediates, that eliminates the need for stoichiometric high-energy chemical oxidants and generates hydrogen as a sole by-product. The reaction proceeds in a simple constant current mode, in an undivided cell, and it employs standardized instrumentation. A collection of methoxycyclohexadienones derived from various 2,4,6-tri-substituted phenols and 1-substituted-2-naphthols was obtained in moderate to excellent yields. These include a complex derivative of estrone, as well as methoxylated dearomatized 1,1'-bi-2-naphthols (BINOLs). The mechanism of the reaction was subject to profound investigations using density functional theory calculations. In particular, the reactivity of two key intermediates, phenoxyl radical and phenoxenium ion, was carefully examined. The obtained results shed light on the pathway leading to the desired product and rationalize experimentally observed selectivities regarding a side benzylic methoxylation and the preference for the functionalization at the para over the ortho position. They also uncover the structure-selectivity relationship, inversely correlating the steric bulk of the substrate with its propensity to undergo the side-reaction. Moreover, the loss of stereochemical information from enantiopure BINOL substrates during the reaction is rationalized by the computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Tomczyk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kalek
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Budy SM, Khan M, Chang X, Iacono ST, Son DY. Semi‐fluorinated polyarylenes: Microwave‐assisted synthesis and
structure–property
relationships. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Budy
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas USA
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas USA
| | - Xu Chang
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas USA
| | - Scott T. Iacono
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, Laboratories for Advanced Materials United States Air Force Academy Colorado Springs Colorado USA
| | - David Y. Son
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas USA
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3
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Sabot C, Mabrouki A, Le Nahenec-Martel P, Kriaa A, Hedhli A, Renard PY. Dearomatization of a 3-Hydroxypyridine Through an Unexpected Oxidative Deformylation Process: An Entry to Azacyclohexadienones. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phenols are well-known precursors of cyclohexadienones, which have widespread applications in organic synthesis. In contrast, their hydroxypyridine counterparts have not been explored yet. An unprecedented oxidative dearomatization of a 3-hydroxypyridine involving an unexpected deformylation step is reported. The chemical reactivity of the resulting unreported azacyclohexadiene-type compound was also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Sabot
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014)
| | - Afef Mabrouki
- Laboratory of Molecular Organic Chemistry, National Higher Engineering School of Tunis
| | | | - Abdelkader Kriaa
- Laboratory of Molecular Organic Chemistry, National Higher Engineering School of Tunis
| | - Ahmed Hedhli
- Laboratory of Molecular Organic Chemistry, National Higher Engineering School of Tunis
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4
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Rinaldi A, Langé V, Scarpi D, Occhiato EG. One-Pot Access to 1,7a-Dihydro-1,3a-ethano-indene and 1,8a-Dihydro-1,3a-ethano-azulene Skeletons by a Sequential Gold(I)-Catalyzed Propargyl Claisen Rearrangement/Nazarov Cyclization/[4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5078-5086. [PMID: 32192345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic approach to the tricyclic 1,7a-dihydro-1,3a-ethano-indene and 1,8a-dihydro-1,3a-ethano-azulene skeletons from suitable propargyl vinyl ethers is based on a one-pot, multistep process entailing a gold(I)-catalyzed propargyl Claisen rearrangement/Nazarov cyclization, a [4+2] cycloaddition of the formed six- or seven-membered ring-fused cyclopentadiene system, and a final protection step for the easy isolation and purification of the products by chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Vittoria Langé
- Dipartimento di Chimica "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Dina Scarpi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Ernesto G Occhiato
- Dipartimento di Chimica "U. Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
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5
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Al-Tel TH, Srinivasulu V, Ramanathan M, Soares NC, Sebastian A, Bolognesi ML, Abu-Yousef IA, Majdalawieh A. Stereocontrolled transformations of cyclohexadienone derivatives to access stereochemically rich and natural product-inspired architectures. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8526-8571. [PMID: 33043327 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01550d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades or so have witnessed an upsurge in defining the art of designing complex natural products and nature-inspired molecules. Throughout these decades, fundamental insights into stereocontrolled, step-economic and atom-economical synthesis principles were achieved by the numerous synthetic accomplishments particularly in diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS). This has empowered the visualization of the third dimension in synthetic design and thus has resulted in a dramatic increase with today's diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) at the forefront enabling access to diverse scaffolds with a high degree of stereochemical and skeletal complexity. To this end, a starting material-based approach is one of the powerful tools utilized in DOS that allows rapid access to molecular architectures with a high sp3 content. Skeletal and stereochemical diversity is often paramount for the selective modulation of the biological function of a complementary protein in the biological space. In this context, stereocontrolled transformation of cyclohexadienone scaffolds has positioned itself as a powerful platform for the rapid generation of stereochemically enriched and natural product-inspired compound collections. In this review, we cover multidirectional synthetic strategies that utilized cyclohexadienone derivatives as pluripotent building blocks en route for the construction of novel chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Vunnam Srinivasulu
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mani Ramanathan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C Soares
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Anusha Sebastian
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria L Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Imad A Abu-Yousef
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amin Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Li T, Yan D, Cui C, Song X, Chang J. A thermal decarboxylative Cloke–Wilson rearrangement of dispirocyclopropanes derived from para-quinone methides and bromo-Meldrum's acids: an approach to synthesize spirobutyrolactone para-dienones. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented approach to synthesize spirobutyrolactone para-dienones from para-quinone methides and bromo-Meldrum's acids has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Dandan Yan
- Shanghai Gengcai New Material Technology Co. Ltd
- Shanghai 201108
- China
| | - Chaoxing Cui
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Xixi Song
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
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7
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Man Y, Liu B. Progress in Total Syntheses of Anti-malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Compounds. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Man
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
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8
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Hu XM, Luo DY, Zi QX, Lin J, Yan SJ. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Morphan Derivatives by Michael and Hetero-Michael Addition of 1,1-Enediamines to Quinone Monoketals. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:8-21. [PMID: 31457875 PMCID: PMC6641283 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A general and concise method was developed for the synthesis of highly functionalized morphans 3-4 by the Michael and hetero-Michael addition reaction of different types of quinone monoketals 1 and 1,1-enediamines 2 in ethanol or 1,4-dioxane at reflux. This method is suitable for the efficient parallel syntheses of N-containing heterocycles. A library of highly functional morphan derivatives was easily constructed using the Michael/hetero-Michael reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Lin
- E-mail: . Phone/Fax: +86 87165031633 (J.L.)
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9
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Sato S, Sakata K, Hashimoto Y, Takikawa H, Suzuki K. First Total Syntheses of Tetracenomycins C and X. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12608-12613. [PMID: 28762249 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Keiichiro Sakata
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
- Present address: Showa Pharmaceutical University 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takikawa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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10
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Sato S, Sakata K, Hashimoto Y, Takikawa H, Suzuki K. First Total Syntheses of Tetracenomycins C and X. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Keiichiro Sakata
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
- Present address: Showa Pharmaceutical University 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takikawa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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11
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Takagi R, Nishi T. Organocatalytic asymmetric desymmetrization of 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexadienones via an intermolecular Diels–Alder reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11039-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric desymmetrization of 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexadienones via a chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular Diels–Alder reaction is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryukichi Takagi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
| | - Takehiko Nishi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
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12
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Abstract
Cyclohexadienones are versatile platforms for performing asymmetric synthesis as evidenced by the numerous natural product syntheses that exploit their diverse reactivity profile. However, there are few general methods available for the direct asymmetric synthesis of chiral cyclohexadienones. To circumvent this problem, several researchers have developed catalytic asymmetric methods that employ readily available achiral 2,5-cyclohexadienones as substrates. Many of these reactions are desymmetrizations in which one of the enantiotopic alkenes of an achiral dienone is transformed. Others involve selective reaction at one alkene of an unsymmetrically substituted, achiral dienone. This review will cover advances in this area over the last 20 years and the application of these strategies in complex molecule synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Kalstabakken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andrew M Harned
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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13
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García-García C, Redondo MC, Ribagorda M, Carreño MC. Reactions ofp-Quinols with Aldehydes and Imines: Stereoselective Access to Polyheterobicyclic and Tricyclic Systems. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Yin Z, Zhang J, Wu J, Green R, Li S, Zheng S. Synthesis of o-chlorophenols via an unexpected nucleophilic chlorination of quinone monoketals mediated by N,N'-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2854-8. [PMID: 24675905 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected nucleophilic chlorination of a quinone monoketal while carrying out a pyrazolidine synthesis has led to a general preparation of multisubstituted phenols. The products are obtained in good to high yields under mild conditions. The bridged pyrazolidines that were the original targets are obtained in the presence of a protic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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15
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Fuse S, Inaba K, Takagi M, Tanaka M, Hirokawa T, Johmoto K, Uekusa H, Shin-ya K, Takahashi T, Doi T. Design and synthesis of 2-phenyl-1,4-dioxa-spiro[4.5]deca-6,9-dien-8-ones as potential anticancer agents starting from cytotoxic spiromamakone A. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:180-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Sanjuán AM, García-García P, Fernández-Rodríguez MA, Sanz R. Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclopentadienes by Gold(I)- Catalyzed Cyclization of 1,3-Dien-5-ynes. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Yin Z, Zhang J, Wu J, Liu C, Sioson K, Devany M, Hu C, Zheng S. Double Hetero-Michael Addition of N-Substituted Hydroxylamines to Quinone Monoketals: Synthesis of Bridged Isoxazolidines. Org Lett 2013; 15:3534-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401235z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States, and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jinzhu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States, and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States, and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Che Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States, and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Kate Sioson
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States, and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Matthew Devany
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States, and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States, and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Shengping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States, and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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He ZT, Tian B, Fukui Y, Tong X, Tian P, Lin GQ. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylative Cyclization ofmeso-1,6-Dienynes Leading to Enantioenrichedcis-Hydrobenzofurans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5314-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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He ZT, Tian B, Fukui Y, Tong X, Tian P, Lin GQ. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylative Cyclization ofmeso-1,6-Dienynes Leading to Enantioenrichedcis-Hydrobenzofurans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Zhang J, Yin Z, Leonard P, Wu J, Sioson K, Liu C, Lapo R, Zheng S. A Variation of the Fischer Indolization Involving Condensation of Quinone Monoketals and Aliphatic Hydrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Zhang J, Yin Z, Leonard P, Wu J, Sioson K, Liu C, Lapo R, Zheng S. A Variation of the Fischer Indolization Involving Condensation of Quinone Monoketals and Aliphatic Hydrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1753-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Zhang J, Kemmink J, Rijkers DTS, Liskamp RMJ. Synthesis of 1,5-triazole bridged vancomycin CDE-ring bicyclic mimics using RuAAC macrocyclization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4498-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40628h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Wegner J, Ley SV, Kirschning A, Hansen AL, Montenegro Garcia J, Baxendale IR. A Total Synthesis of Millingtonine A. Org Lett 2012; 14:696-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol203158p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Wegner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne-Lene Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Javier Montenegro Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Erhard T, Ehrlich G, Metz P. Eine Totalsynthese von (±)-Codein durch 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Erhard T, Ehrlich G, Metz P. A Total Synthesis of (±)-Codeine by 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3892-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Agopcan S, Çelebi-Ölçüm N, Üçışık MN, Sanyal A, Aviyente V. Origins of the diastereoselectivity in hydrogen bonding directed Diels–Alder reactions of chiral dienes with achiral dienophiles: a computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8079-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Jones AL, Liu X, Snyder JK. Enantioselective syntheses of candenatenins B and C using a chiral anthracene auxiliary. Tetrahedron Lett 2010; 51:1091-1094. [PMID: 20305722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric synthesis of two anticancer natural products, candenatenins B and C, is described, leading to a revision of the originally assigned stereochemistry. The synthesis follows a Diels-Alder/retro-Diels Alder strategy using a chiral anthracene auxiliary to access both targets with 90% ee. The inherent structural qualities of the auxiliary allow for both regio- and diastereoselective transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Jones
- Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development and the Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
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30
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Zhang QW, Fan CA, Zhang HJ, Tu YQ, Zhao YM, Gu P, Chen ZM. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Semipinacol Rearrangement for the Synthesis of Chiral Spiroethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:8572-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Zhang QW, Fan CA, Zhang HJ, Tu YQ, Zhao YM, Gu P, Chen ZM. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Semipinacol Rearrangement for the Synthesis of Chiral Spiroethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Biechy A, Hachisu S, Quiclet-Sire B, Ricard L, Zard SZ. Application of an amidyl radical cascade to the total synthesis of (±)-fortucine leading to the structural revision of kirkine. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Prisyazhnyuk V, Jachan M, Brüdgam I, Zimmer R, Reissig HU. Addition of lithiated methoxyallene to aziridines – a novel access to enantiopure piperidine and β-amino acid derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2009012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Addition of lithiated methoxyallene to aziridine derivatives provided the expected primary addition products. The less substituted carbon of the aziridine ring was attacked selectively. The primary adducts could be converted to enantiopure piperidine derivatives or β-amino acid derivatives. The unexpected reactions lead to a tricyclic sulfonamide and to alkynyl-substituted aminoethers. The efficient two-step conversion of a piperidone derivative to a benzomorphan demonstrates the potential of this approach to biologically active compounds.
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34
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Benito-López F, Egberink RJ, Reinhoudt DN, Verboom W. High pressure in organic chemistry on the way to miniaturization. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Etomi N, Kumamoto T, Nakanishi W, Ishikawa T. Diels-Alder reactions using 4,7-dioxygenated indanones as dienophiles for regioselective construction of oxygenated 2,3-dihydrobenz[f]indenone skeleton. Beilstein J Org Chem 2008; 4:15. [PMID: 18941487 PMCID: PMC2486486 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regioselective construction of 4,8,9-trioxygenated 2,3-dihydrobenz[f]indenones, key intermediates for the synthesis of kinamycin antibiotics, was achieved via Diels-Alder reactions (DAR) using 4,7-dioxygenated indanone-type compounds as dienophiles. Reaction of indanetrione with 1-methoxybutadiene gave a 1 : 1 mixture of undesired 4,5,9-trioxygenated 2,3-dihydrobenz[f]indenone and [4.4.3]propellane. The addition of Lewis acid did not affect the product ratio, whereas the use of the 6-bromoindanetrione exclusively afforded the latter propellane. On the other hand, DAR of benzyne derived from bromoindan and furan gave 5,8-epoxy-2,3-dihydrobenz[f]indene, which was subjected to acid-induced ring opening to give 2,3-dihydrobenz[f]indenone with undesired 4,5,9-trioxy functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuno Etomi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan. Fax: +81-43-290-2911
| | - Takuya Kumamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan. Fax: +81-43-290-2911
| | - Waka Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan. Fax: +81-43-290-2911
| | - Tsutomu Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan. Fax: +81-43-290-2911
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36
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Bayón P, Marjanet G, Toribio G, Alibés R, de March P, Figueredo M, Font J. An Efficient Protocol for the Enantioselective Preparation of a Key Polyfunctionalized Cyclohexane. New Access to (R)- and (S)-4-Hydroxy-2-cyclohexenone and (R)- and (S)-trans-Cyclohex-2-ene-1,4-diol. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3486-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800107h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pau Bayón
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Química, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Georgina Marjanet
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Química, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gladis Toribio
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Química, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ramon Alibés
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Química, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pere de March
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Química, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Figueredo
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Química, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Font
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Química, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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37
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Biechy A, Hachisu S, Quiclet-Sire B, Ricard L, Zard S. The Total Synthesis of (±)-Fortucine and a Revision of the Structure of Kirkine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200704996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Biechy A, Hachisu S, Quiclet-Sire B, Ricard L, Zard S. The Total Synthesis of (±)-Fortucine and a Revision of the Structure of Kirkine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:1436-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200704996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Rovis T. Development of Chiral Bicyclic Triazolium Salt Organic Catalysts: The Importance of theN-Aryl Substituent. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Liu Q, Rovis T. Enantioselective Synthesis of Hydrobenzofuranones Using an Asymmetric Desymmetrizing Intramolecular Stetter Reaction of Cyclohexadienones. Org Process Res Dev 2007; 11:598-604. [PMID: 19603085 PMCID: PMC2709411 DOI: 10.1021/op600278f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclohexadienones were synthesized by dearomatization of phenols followed by Dess-Martin oxidation. Asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reactions of these substrates provide hydrobenzofuranones in good to excellent yields and excellent stereoselectivities. Up to three stereocenters as well as quaternary stereocenter are formed from polysubstituted substrates. A scale up experiment demonstrates the utility of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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41
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Moreau A, Chen QH, Praveen Rao PN, Knaus EE. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of (E)-3-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-2-(aryl)acrylic acids as dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7716-27. [PMID: 16931030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A group of (E)-3-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)acrylic acids possessing a substituted-phenyl ring (4-H, 4-Br, 3-Br, 4-F, 4-OH, 4-OMe, 4-OAc, and 4-NHAc) attached to the acrylic acid C-2 position were prepared using a stereospecific Perkin condensation reaction. A related group of compounds having 4- and 3-(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)phenyl, 4- and 3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)phenyl and 4- and 3-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)phenyl substituents attached to the acrylic acid C-2 position were also synthesized, using a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, for evaluation as dual cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitors. (E)-2-(3-Bromophenyl)-3-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid (9h), and compounds having 4-(4-isopropyloxyphenyl-, 2,4-difluorophenyl-, or 4-methylsulfonylphenyl)phenyl moieties at the acrylic acid C-2 position (11a,b,d), were particularly potent COX-2 inhibitors with a high COX-2 selectivity index (COX-2 IC50 approximately 0.32 microM, SI > 316) similar to the reference drug rofecoxib (COX-2 IC50 = 0.5 microM, SI > 200). Acrylic acid analogs with a C-2 4-hydoxyphenyl (9d, IC50 = 0.56 microM), or 4-acetamidophenyl (9g, IC50 = 0.11 microM), substituent were particularly potent 5-LOX inhibitors that may participate in an additional specific hydrogen-bonding interaction. A number of compounds possessing a C-2 substituted-phenyl moiety (4-Br, 4-F, and 4-OH), or a 4- or 3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)phenyl moiety, showed potent 15-LOX inhibitory activity (IC50 values in the 0.31-0.49 microM range) relative to the reference drug luteolin (IC50 = 3.2 microM). Compounds having a C-2 4-acetylaminophenyl, or 4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)phenyl, moiety exhibited anti-inflammatory activities that were equipotent to aspirin, but less than that of celecoxib. The structure-activity data acquired indicate the acrylic acid moiety constitutes a suitable scaffold (template) to design novel acyclic dual inhibitors of the COX and LOX isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Moreau
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6G 2N8
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42
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Liu Q, Rovis T. Asymmetric synthesis of hydrobenzofuranones via desymmetrization of cyclohexadienones using the intramolecular Stetter reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:2552-3. [PMID: 16492036 PMCID: PMC2701296 DOI: 10.1021/ja058337u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatization of phenols followed by oxidation affords cyclohexadienyloxyacetaldehydes, which produce hydrobenzofuranones via asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reaction in good to excellent yield. Quaternary as well as up to three contiguous stereocenters may be formed in good to excellent enantioselectivities and high diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, USA
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43
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Kilroy TG, O'Sullivan TP, Guiry PJ. Synthesis of Dihydrofurans Substituted in the 2‐Position. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Kilroy
- UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Timothy P. O'Sullivan
- UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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44
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Burgess KL, Corbett MS, Eugenio P, Lajkiewicz NJ, Liu X, Sanyal A, Yan W, Yuan Q, Snyder JK. Chiral anthracene and anthrone templates as stereocontrolling elements in Diels–Alder/retro Diels–Alder sequences. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:5299-309. [PMID: 16046136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of chiral anthracene templates for use in Diels-Alder/retro Diels-Alder sequences is described. A summary of past results and new progress is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie L Burgess
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Methodology and Library Development, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
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45
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Matsumoto K, Hamana H, Iida H. Compendium of Cycloaddition Reactions under High Pressure. Helv Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200590156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Sanyal A, Yuan Q, Snyder JK. A new, chiral aminoanthracene for the Diels–Alder/retro-Diels–Alder sequence in lactam and butenolide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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48
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Sels BF, De Vos DE, Jacobs PA. Bromide-Assisted Oxidation of Substituted Phenols with Hydrogen Peroxide to the Correspondingp-Quinol andp-Quinol Ethers over WO42?-Exchanged Layered Double Hydroxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:310-3. [PMID: 15614885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B F Sels
- Department of Interphase Chemistry, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universtiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
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49
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Sels BF, De Vos DE, Jacobs PA. Bromide-Assisted Oxidation of Substituted Phenols with Hydrogen Peroxide to the Correspondingp-Quinol andp-Quinol Ethers over WO42?-Exchanged Layered Double Hydroxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Ohkata K, Tamura Y, Shetuni BB, Takagi R, Miyanaga W, Kojima S, Paquette LA. Stereoselectivity Control by Oxaspiro Rings during Diels−Alder Cycloadditions to Cross-Conjugated Cyclohexadienones: The Syn Oxygen Phenomenon. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:16783-92. [PMID: 15612717 DOI: 10.1021/ja047027t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The diastereofacial selectivity operating in Diels-Alder additions involving spirocyclic cross-conjugated cyclohexadienones with dienes of varying reactivity has been investigated. The study has included the ether series 1a-c as well as the lactone/ketone pair 2a/2b. In all cases, the preferred [4+2] cycloaddition pathway consisted of bonding from that pi-surface syn to the oxygen atom. 4-Substituted-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadienones (monocyclic systems) were also examined and found to undergo bond formation preferentially from the face bearing the more electron-withdrawing of the two groups at the 4 position. Kinetic parameters were determined for the cycloaddition of 1a and 2a to cyclopentadiene. The rate acceleration profile of solvents was in the order CF(3)CH(2)OH >> CH(3)CN approximately CH(2)Cl(2) for the production of 9a from 1a and CF(3)CH(2)OH >> CH(2)Cl(2) > CH(3)CN for the production of 21a from 2a, respectively. This spread in polarity had no major impact on product distribution, a phenomenon also reflected in the behavior of 4-substituted-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadienones under comparable conditions. Theoretical assessment of these experimental facts was undertaken at the HF/6-31G level. The facial selectivity is understandable in terms of the secondary interaction between the HOMO of the diene and LUMO of the dienophile as well as the effective hyperconjugation between the newly forming bond and the 4-anti-C-C sigma-orbital due to the more electron-donating bond, as defined by the Cieplak model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuo Ohkata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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