1
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Monika, Meenakshi, Brahma M, Maruthi M, Selvakumar S, Ansari A, Gupta MK. N-Hydroxyalkanamide Based Organo/hydrogels as Novel Scaffolds for pH-Dependent Metronidazole and Theophylline Release. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400105. [PMID: 38700110 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The traditional delivery of metronidazole and theophylline presents challenges like bitter taste, variable absorption, and side effects. However, gel-based systems offer advantages including enhanced targeted drug delivery, minimized side effects, and improved patient compliance, effectively addressing these challenges. Consequently, a cost-effective synthesis of N-hydroxyalkanamide gelators with varying alkyl chain lengths was achieved in a single-step reaction procedure. These gelators formed self-assembled aggregates in DMSO/water solvent system, resulting in organo/hydrogels at a minimum gelation concentration of 1.5 % w/v. Subsequently, metronidazole and theophylline were encapsulated within the gel core and released through gel-to-sol transition triggered by pH variation at 37 °C, while maintaining the structural-activity relationship. UV-vis spectroscopy was employed to observe the drug release behavior. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed cytotoxic effects against A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, indicating anti-proliferative activity against human lung cancer cells. Specifically, the gel containing theophylline (16HAD+Th) exhibited cytotoxicity on cancerous A549 cells with IC50 values of 19.23±0.6 μg/mL, followed by the gel containing metronidazole (16HAD+Mz) with IC50 values of 23.75±0.7 μg/mL. Moreover, the system demonstrated comparable antibacterial activity against both gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Meenakshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Mettle Brahma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Mulaka Maruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Sermadurai Selvakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
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2
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Bariş Cebe D, Kötekoğlu E. Investigation of the synthesis, gelation potential, and drug-loading capacities of two novel amides. Front Chem 2024; 12:1369542. [PMID: 38800578 PMCID: PMC11117075 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1369542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study consists of four steps. In the first, two different biocompatible organogelators were synthesized, starting with the L-isoleucine amino acid to obtain amide compounds. In the second step, the gelation potential of synthesized organogelators with fatty acid esters and organic solvents was investigated. These esters were chosen as gelation liquids due to their biocompatibility and also their penetration-enhancing properties when the drug is administered via the skin. After the minimum gel concentrations (MGCs) of the organogelators were determined, the melting point of gel T g was found, and then, ΔH g gelation enthalpy values were found by means of the Van't Hoff equation. In addition to the gelation abilities and capacities of the organogelators being thus synthesized, their thermal stabilities were also determined. In the third stage of the study, the network which occurred during the formation of the gels was screened by an SEM device, and their characterizations were determined. In the study's fourth stage, the gels were loaded with ibuprofen and naproxen-known for their non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects-and their drug-loading capacities were thus determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Bariş Cebe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Batman University, Batman, Türkiye
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3
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Sebastian S, Rohila Y, Yadav E, Bhardwaj P, Sudheer Babu Y, Maruthi M, Ansari A, Gupta MK. Supramolecular Organo/hydrogel-Fabricated Long Alkyl Chain α-Amidoamides as a Smart Soft Material for pH-Responsive Curcumin Release. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:975-989. [PMID: 38189243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Low-molecular-mass gelators, due to their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicological profile, innate biodegradability and ease of fabrication have garnered significant interest as they self-assemble through non-covalent interactions. In this study, we have designed and synthesized a series of six α-amidoamides by varying the hydrophobic alkyl chain length (C12-C22), which were well characterized using different spectral techniques. These α-amidoamides formed self-assembled aggregates in a DMSO/water solvent system affording organo/hydrogels at 0.66% w/v, which is the minimum gelation concentration (MGC) making them as remarkable supergelators. The various functionalities present in these gelators such as amides and alkyl chain length pave the way toward excellent gelation mechanism through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction as evidenced from FTIR spectroscopy. Notably, as the chain length increased, organo/hydrogels became more thermally stable. Rheological results showed that the stability and strength of these gelators were considerably impacted by variations in chain length. The SEM morphology revealed dense sheet architectures of the organo/hydrogel samples. Organo/hydrogels have a significant impact on the advancement of innovative drug delivery systems that respond to various stimuli, ushering in a new era in pharmaceutical technology. Inspired by this, we encapsulated curcumin, a chemopreventive medication, into the gel core and further released via gel-to-sol transition induced by pH variation at 37 °C, without any alteration in structure-activity relationship. The drug release behavior was observed by UV-vis spectroscopy. Moreover, cell viability and cell invasion experiments demonstrate that the gel formulations exhibit high biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. Among the tested formulations, 5e+Cur exhibited remarkable efficacy in controlling A549 cell migration, suggesting significant potential for applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharol Sebastian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Yajat Rohila
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Eqvinshi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana,India
| | - Yangala Sudheer Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana,India
| | - Mulaka Maruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana,India
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
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4
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Nikam AN, Roy A, Raychaudhuri R, Navti PD, Soman S, Kulkarni S, Shirur KS, Pandey A, Mutalik S. Organogels: "GelVolution" in Topical Drug Delivery - Present and Beyond. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:489-518. [PMID: 38757691 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128279479231231092905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Topical drug delivery holds immense significance in dermatological treatments due to its non-invasive nature and direct application to the target site. Organogels, a promising class of topical drug delivery systems, have acquired substantial attention for enhancing drug delivery efficiency. This review article aims to explore the advantages of organogels, including enhanced drug solubility, controlled release, improved skin penetration, non-greasy formulations, and ease of application. The mechanism of organogel permeation into the skin is discussed, along with formulation strategies, which encompass the selection of gelling agents, cogelling agents, and additives while considering the influence of temperature and pH on gel formation. Various types of organogelators and organogels and their properties, such as viscoelasticity, non-birefringence, thermal stability, and optical clarity, are presented. Moreover, the biomedical applications of organogels in targeting skin cancer, anti-inflammatory drug delivery, and antifungal drug delivery are discussed. Characterization parameters, biocompatibility, safety considerations, and future directions in optimizing skin permeation, ensuring long-term stability, addressing regulatory challenges, and exploring potential combination therapies are thoroughly examined. Overall, this review highlights the immense potential of organogels in redefining topical drug delivery and their significant impact on the field of dermatological treatments, thus paving the way for exciting prospects in the domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Nitin Nikam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Amrita Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Ruchira Raychaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Prerana D Navti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Soji Soman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Sanjay Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Krishnaraj Somayaji Shirur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
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5
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Sebastian S, Yadav E, Bhardwaj P, Maruthi M, Kumar D, Gupta MK. Facile one-pot multicomponent synthesis of peptoid based gelators as novel scaffolds for drug incorporation and pH-sensitive release. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9975-9986. [PMID: 37823277 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01527k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by bacteria are the primary cause of illness and death globally, and antibiotics are the most commonly used medications to treat them. However, there are certain inherent problems in administering these drugs without any changes to their effectiveness. In order to sustain the targeted dosage over time, the use of a biocompatible local drug delivery system using low molecular mass gelators is preferred as a potential approach to reduce its side effects. Low molecular weight organic gelators (LMWOGs) have drawn a lot of attention due to their numerous and varied applications in multiple fields. But nowadays its quite a challenging task to synthesize new types of LMWOGs that can fill the significant gap towards potential applications. In this work, we have explored a multicomponent pathway for the synthesis of a small repertoire of peptoids from simple building blocks by a one-pot Ugi reaction. A variety of novel effective low molecular weight organic gelators have been synthesized, leading to the formation of stable self-assembled aggregates in various solvents such as DMSO, aqueous DMSO, and methanol. Consequently, these aggregates give rise to the creation of organogels and organo/hydrogels. The gels have a minimum gelation concentration (MGC) of 1-2% w/v with high thermal stability. Furthermore, successful encapsulation and release of metronidazole (MZ) were achieved within the gel matrix under physiological pH conditions at 37 °C, ensuring the preservation of its structural and functional properties. The results demonstrated that the release rate of MZ from the organo/hydrogels is contingent on pH, exhibiting a gradual and regulated release in mild alkaline environments. Moreover, the devised system displayed noteworthy antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli, underscoring the potential of these novel low molecular weight organic gels (LMWOGs) as effective drug delivery systems in the pharmaceutical industry. The gel formulations exhibit biocompatibility and negligible cytotoxicity, as evidenced by cell viability studies conducted using the MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharol Sebastian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India.
| | - Eqvinshi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India.
| | - Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Mulaka Maruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan-173 229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India.
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6
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Ludwig AD, Gorbunova V, Saint‐Jalmes A, Berrée F, Lemiègre L. Alkylboronate β‐Phenylglucoside versus Phenylboronate β‐Alkylglucoside Organogelators. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D. Ludwig
- Univ Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS ISCR – UMR6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Viktoriia Gorbunova
- Univ Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS ISCR – UMR6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Arnaud Saint‐Jalmes
- Univ Rennes CNRS IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) – UMR 6251 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Fabienne Berrée
- Univ Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS ISCR – UMR6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Loïc Lemiègre
- Univ Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS ISCR – UMR6226 F-35000 Rennes France
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7
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Ludwig AD, Ourvois-Maloisel N, Saint-Jalmes A, Artzner F, Guégan JP, Tasseau O, Berrée F, Lemiègre L. Adjusting the water-sensitivity of sugar/boronate-based organogels. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:9026-9036. [PMID: 36408633 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01305c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During the investigation of the water-sensitivity of (arylboronate alkylglucoside)-based organogels, we evaluated a series of twelve potential organogelators. They were synthesised in a single step from the corresponding arylboronic acids and alkylglucosides. Eight of them showed organogelation abilities in three solvents (toluene, cyclohexane, and ethyl myristate). Conformational minimisations of the potential organogelators permitted a clear relationship between the arylboronate orientation and the gelation effectiveness to be established. These gels were characterised by rheometry and SEM which revealed a gel-state originating from the self-assembly of the organogelators into long entangled fibres. SAXS confirmed the mode of packing in a hexagonal phase. Gels in toluene were found to be water-sensitive both after addition of a small amount of water and immersion into water. This study demonstrated that the main parameter impacting the water-sensitivity was the length of the alkyl chain at the anomeric position of the glucoside unit, much more than the functionalisation of an arylboronate moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Ludwig
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | | | - Arnaud Saint-Jalmes
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Franck Artzner
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Guégan
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Olivier Tasseau
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Fabienne Berrée
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Loïc Lemiègre
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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8
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Mattsson I, Lahtinen M, Sitdikov R, Wank B, Saloranta-Simell T, Leino R. Phase-selective low molecular weight organogelators derived from allylated d-mannose. Carbohydr Res 2022; 518:108596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Khan F, Das S. Modified Low Molecular Weight Pure and Engineered Gels: A Review of Strategies towards Their Development. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Finaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry Amity Institute of Applied Sciences Amity University Kolkata Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Rajarhat, Newtown West Bengal 700135 India
| | - Susmita Das
- Department of Chemistry Amity Institute of Applied Sciences Amity University Kolkata Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Rajarhat, Newtown West Bengal 700135 India
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10
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Probing the supramolecular assembly in solid, solution and gel phase in uriede based thiazole derivatives and its potential application as iodide ion sensor. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Wang YC, Kegel LL, Knoff DS, Deodhar BS, Astashkin AV, Kim M, Pemberton JE. Layered supramolecular hydrogels from thioglycosides. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3861-3875. [PMID: 35470365 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00037g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight hydrogels are made of small molecules that aggregate via noncovalent interactions. Here, comprehensive characterization of the physical and chemical properties of hydrogels made from thioglycolipids of the disaccharides lactose and cellobiose with simple alkyl chains is reported. While thiolactoside hydrogels are robust, thiocellobioside gels are metastable, precipitating over time into fibrous crystals that can be entangled to create pseudo-hydrogels. Rheology confirms the viscoelastic solid nature of these hydrogels with storage moduli ranging from 10-600 kPa. Additionally, thiolactoside hydrogels are thixotropic which is a desirable property for many potential applications. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of xerogels shows layers of stacked sheets that are entangled into networks. These structures are unique compared to the fibers or ribbons typically reported for hydrogels. Differential scanning calorimetry provides gel-to-liquid phase transition temperatures ranging from 30 to 80 °C. Prodan fluorescence spectroscopy allows assignment of phase transitions in the gels and other lyotropic phases of high concentration samples. Phase diagrams are estimated for all hydrogels at 1-10 wt% from 5 to ≥ 80 °C. These hydrogels represent a series of interesting materials with unique properties that make them attractive for numerous potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
| | - Laurel L Kegel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
| | - David S Knoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bhushan S Deodhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
| | - Andrei V Astashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, 1235 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1657 E Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jeanne E Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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12
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Mosquera Narvaez LE, Ferreira LMDMC, Sanches S, Alesa Gyles D, Silva-Júnior JOC, Ribeiro Costa RM. A Review of Potential Use of Amazonian Oils in the Synthesis of Organogels for Cosmetic Application. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092733. [PMID: 35566084 PMCID: PMC9100349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
New strategies for the delivery of bioactives in the deeper layers of the skin have been studied in recent years, using mainly natural ingredients. Among the strategies are organogels as a promising tool to load bioactives with different physicochemical characteristics, using vegetable oils. Studies have shown satisfactory skin permeation, good physicochemical stability mainly due to its three-dimensional structure, and controlled release using vegetable oils and low-molecular-weight organogelators. Within the universe of natural ingredients, vegetable oils, especially those from the Amazon, have a series of benefits and characteristics that make them unique compared to conventional oils. Several studies have shown that the use of Amazonian oils brings a series of benefits to the skin, among which are an emollient, moisturizing, and nourishing effect. This work shows a compilation of the main Amazonian oils and their nutraceutical and physicochemical characteristics together with the minority polar components, related to health benefits, and their possible effects on the synthesis of organogels for cosmetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Mosquera Narvaez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.E.M.N.); (L.M.d.M.C.F.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Suellen Sanches
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.E.M.N.); (L.M.d.M.C.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Desireé Alesa Gyles
- Jamaica College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Technology, 237 Old Hope Road, Kinston 6, Jamaica;
| | | | - Roseane Maria Ribeiro Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.E.M.N.); (L.M.d.M.C.F.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3201-7203
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13
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Zlenko DV, Zanin AM, Stovbun SV. Molecular Self-Assembly as a Trigger of Life Origin and Development. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2022; 52:105-111. [PMID: 35441954 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-022-09620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The origin and reason for the homochirality of living cells go with the problem of a relatively narrow spectrum of the actual biological monomers compared to the whole theoretically possible spectrum of amino acids or carbohydrates. A limited number of bio-monomers implies some special feature differing from all other similar molecules that are not present in the living cell. Here we propose one of the candidates for such a peculiarity: the ability to form highly elongated helical supramolecular structures (strings) when precipitating from homochiral solutions. The strings' forming can be accompanied by spontaneous splitting and/or chiral purification of the initially racemic mixture. Our previous theoretical reasoning was based mainly on the biomimetic systems, while now we describe the strings forming in homochiral amino acid solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Zlenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 119334, Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia. .,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, 119234, Lenin Hills 1/12, Moscow, Russia. .,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, 119334, Vavilova 34, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anatoly M Zanin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 119334, Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Stovbun
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 119334, Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Higashi S, Ikeda M. Development of an Amino Sugar-Based Supramolecular Hydrogelator with Reduction Responsiveness. JACS AU 2021; 1:1639-1646. [PMID: 34723267 PMCID: PMC8549036 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive supramolecular hydrogels are a newly emerging class of aqueous soft materials with a wide variety of bioapplications. Here we report a reduction-responsive supramolecular hydrogel constructed from a markedly simple low-molecular-weight hydrogelator, which is developed on the basis of modular molecular design containing a hydrophilic amino sugar and a reduction-responsive nitrophenyl group. The hydrogel formation ability differs significantly between glucosamine- and galactosamine-based self-assembling molecules, which are epimers at the C4 position, and only the glucosamine-based derivative can act as a hydrogelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri
L. Higashi
- United
Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masato Ikeda
- United
Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Center
for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Institute
of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Institute
for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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15
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Agrahari AK, Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Rajkhowa S, Singh AS, Hotha S, Mishra N, Tiwari VK. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7638-7956. [PMID: 34165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanchayita Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam 785010, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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16
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Patel AM, Ray D, Aswal VK, Ballabh A. Probing the mechanism of gelation and anion sensing capability of a thiazole based amide gelator: A case study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Surface chain dependent arrangement and self-assembly of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for supramolecular gels. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Ludwig AD, Saint-Jalmes A, Mériadec C, Artzner F, Tasseau O, Berrée F, Lemiègre L. Boron Effect on Sugar-Based Organogelators. Chemistry 2020; 26:13927-13934. [PMID: 32579731 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of several alkylglucosides with phenyl boronic acid permitted easy access to a series of alkylglucoside phenyl boronate derivatives. This type of compound has structures similar to those of known benzylidene glucoside organogelators except for the presence of a boronate function in place of the acetal one. Low to very low concentrations of these amphiphilic molecules produced gelation of several organic solvents. The rheological properties of the corresponding soft materials characterized them as elastic solids. They were further characterized by SEM to obtain more information on their morphologies and by SAXS to determine the type of self-assembly involved within the gels. The sensitivity of the boronate function towards hydrolysis was also investigated. We demonstrated that a small amount of water (5 % v/v) was sufficient to disrupt the organogels leading to the original alkylglucoside and phenyl boronic acid; an important difference with the stable benzylidene-based organogelators. Such water-sensitive boronated organogelators could be suitable substances for the preparation of smart soft material for topical drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Ludwig
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR6226, Université de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Saint-Jalmes
- CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Université de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Cristelle Mériadec
- CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Université de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Franck Artzner
- CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Université de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Tasseau
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR6226, Université de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fabienne Berrée
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR6226, Université de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Loïc Lemiègre
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR6226, Université de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
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19
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Gentry BM, Perry R, Laurie T, Beckman EJ, Enick RM, Keith JA. Sugar Acetate-based Low Molecular Weight Organogelators. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Gentry
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert Perry
- GE Global Research Center, One Research Circle K-1, 5B2A, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA
| | - Tyler Laurie
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Eric J. Beckman
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert M. Enick
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John A. Keith
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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20
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Kapros A, Balázs A, Harmat V, Háló A, Budai L, Pintér I, Menyhárd DK, Perczel A. Configuration-Controlled Crystal and/or Gel Formation of Protected d-Glucosamines Supported by Promiscuous Interaction Surfaces and a Conformationally Heterogeneous Solution State. Chemistry 2020; 26:11643-11655. [PMID: 32333713 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The configuration-dependent self-association mode of the two anomers of O-Ac,N-Fmoc-d-glucosamine, a foldamer building block, leading to gel and/or single crystal formation is described. The β-anomer of the sugar amino acid (2) forms a gel from various solvents (confirmed by SEM, rheology measurements, NMR, and ECD spectroscopy), whereas the α-anomer (1) does not form a gel with any solvent tested. Transition from the solution state to a gel is coupled to a concurrent shift of the Fmoc-groups: from a freely rotating (almost symmetrical) to a specific, asymmetric orientation. Whereas the crystal structure of the α-anomer is built as an evenly packed 3D system, the β-anomer forms a looser superstructure of well-packed 2D layers. Modeling indicates that in the lowest energy, but scarcely sampled conformer of the β-anomer, the Fmoc-group bends above the sugar moiety, stabilized by intramolecular CH↔π interactions between the aromatic rings. It is concluded that possessing an extended and promiscuous interaction surface and a conformationally heterogeneous solution state are among the basic requirements of gel formation for a candidate molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kapros
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Attila Balázs
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Veronika Harmat
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Háló
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Lívia Budai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 7, Budapest, 1092, Hungary
| | - István Pintér
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Dóra K Menyhárd
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - András Perczel
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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21
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Kim C, Nakagawa S, Seshimo M, Ejima H, Houjou H, Yoshie N. Tough Supramolecular Elastomer via Entropy-Driven Hydrogen Bonds between Vicinal Diols. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaehoon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakagawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Masataka Seshimo
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ejima
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Houjou
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Naoko Yoshie
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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22
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Kajiki T, Komba S, Iwaura R. Supramolecular Organogelation Directed by Weak Noncovalent Interactions in Palmitoylated 1,5-Anhydro-d-Glucitol Derivatives. Chempluschem 2020; 85:701-710. [PMID: 32267103 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of novel alicyclic compounds by modifying 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol with two to four palmitoyl chains, and we explored their self-assembly and gelation behaviors in paraffin. The obtained organogels were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, variable-temperature Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, polarized optical microscopy, and transmission spectroscopy. While all the palmitoylated derivatives spontaneously formed fibrous networks and gelated the paraffin, an acetylated derivative of 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol did not gelatinize the solvent, thus indicating the importance of aliphatic chains for gelation. Interestingly, α- and β- d-glucopyranose with five palmitoyl chains neither gelatinized the solvent nor formed fibrous networks, thus suggesting that the absence of C-1 substitution in 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol is important for gelation. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy suggested that the formation of weak hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl groups and the C-H groups was the driving force for formation of the supramolecular fibers and for gelation of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Kajiki
- SUNUS CO., LTD., 3-20 Nan-ei, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0196, Japan
| | - Shiro Komba
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | - Rika Iwaura
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
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23
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Hawkins K, Patterson AK, Clarke PA, Smith DK. Catalytic Gels for a Prebiotically Relevant Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Water: From Organocatalyst Design to Hydrogel Discovery and Back Again. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4379-4389. [PMID: 32023044 PMCID: PMC7146862 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports an investigation into organocatalytic hydrogels as prebiotically relevant systems. Gels are interesting prebiotic reaction media, combining heterogeneous and homogeneous characteristics with a structurally organized active "solid-like" catalyst separated from the surrounding environment, yet in intimate contact with the solution phase and readily accessible via "liquid-like" diffusion. A simple self-assembling glutamine amide derivative 1 was initially found to catalyze a model aldol reaction between cyclohexanone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, but it did not maintain its gel structure during reaction. In this study, it was observed that compound 1 could react directly with the benzaldehyde to form a hydrogel in situ based on Schiff base 2 as a low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG). This new dynamic gel is a rare example of a two-component self-assembled LMWG hydrogel and was fully characterized. It was demonstrated that glutamine amide 1 could select an optimal aldehyde component and preferentially assemble from mixtures. In the hunt for an organocatalyst, reductive conditions were applied to the Schiff base to yield secondary amine 3, which is also a highly effective hydrogelator at very low loadings with a high degree of nanoscale order. Most importantly, the hydrogel based on 3 catalyzed the prebiotically relevant aldol dimerization of glycolaldehyde to give threose and erythrose. In buffered conditions, this reaction gave excellent conversions, good diastereoselectivity, and some enantioselectivity. Catalysis using the hydrogel of 3 was much better than that using non-assembled 3-demonstrating a clear benefit of self-assembly. The results suggest that hydrogels offer a potential strategy by which prebiotic reactions can be promoted using simple, prebiotically plausible LMWGs that can selectively self-organize from complex mixtures. Such processes may have been of prebiotic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Hawkins
- Department of Chemistry, University
of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Anna K. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University
of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Paul A. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University
of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University
of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
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24
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Abstract
Topochemical reactions are solid-state reactions that transpire under the strict control of molecular packing in the crystal lattice. Due to this lattice control, these reactions generate products in a regio-/stereospecific manner and in very high yields. In a broader sense, topochemical reactions mimic nature's way of carrying out reactions in a confined environment of enzymes giving specific products. Apart from their remarkable specificity, topochemical reactions have many other interesting features that make these reactions more attractive than solution-phase reactions. Solution-phase reactions necessitate the use of reactants, reagents, catalysts, and solvents and often give products along with varying amounts of byproducts, necessitating complex workup and chromatographic purification using various chemicals. These inevitable chemical wastes from solution-state reactions could be avoided by topochemical reactions, as they are solvent-free and catalyst-free and often do not require any chromatographic purification in view of their specificity and high yielding nature. Also the confinement offered by the crystal lattice gives products that are not possible by solution-phase reactions. Another interesting feature of topochemical reactions is the possibility of formation of products in an ordered (crystalline) form, which imparts interesting properties. Thus, topochemical reactions have control not only at the molecular level (regio-/stereospecificity) but also at the supramolecular level (packing). Many topochemical reactions happen in single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) fashion, and crystal structure analysis of such reactions often gives mechanistic insights and knowledge about the geometrical criteria required for the reaction. Despite all these attractive features, reactions that can be done topochemically are limited. There is tremendous interest in the development of new categories of topochemical reactions and strategies to achieve reactivity in crystals. In this Account, we will summarize our attempts to develop topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) reactions. We have used hydrogen-bonding as the main noncovalent interaction for aligning azide-and-alkyne-substituted derivatives of various biomolecules in orientations suitable for their proximity-driven cycloaddition reaction in crystals. Overall, three major classes of biomolecules; carbohydrates, nucleosides, and peptides were successfully exploited for their TAAC reactions using conventional O-H···O, N-H···O, and N-H···N hydrogen bonds as supramolecular glues for controlling their assembly in crystals. The crystals of these monomers underwent TAAC reaction either spontaneously at room temperature or under heating yielding triazole-linked biopolymer mimics. The ordered packing of product molecules imparted special properties to the products formed. The legendary "cream of the crop" azide-alkyne click reaction has diverse applications in the areas of bioconjugation, material science, polymer synthesis, and so forth. Belonging to the same genre, TAAC is a novel metal-free approach for making the triazole-linked products employing the ordered crystal/gel as a reaction medium. In brief, our studies suggest that TAAC reaction can be implemented in diverse molecular categories and has high potential to develop into a field with practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695551, India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695551, India
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25
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Sperandio C, Quintard G, Naubron J, Giorgi M, Yemloul M, Parrain J, Rodriguez J, Quintard A. Strategic Stereoselective Halogen (F, Cl) Insertion: A Tool to Enhance Supramolecular Properties in Polyols. Chemistry 2019; 25:15098-15105. [PMID: 31453654 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Sperandio
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Guilhem Quintard
- Université de Lyon, INSA LYON, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, IMP-UMR CNRS 5223 69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean‐Valere Naubron
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Spectropole Marseille France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Spectropole Marseille France
| | - Mehdi Yemloul
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Jean‐Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
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26
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Kaplan S, Colak M, Hosgoren H, Pirinccioglu N. Design of l-Lysine-Based Organogelators and Their Applications in Drug Release Processes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12342-12356. [PMID: 31460352 PMCID: PMC6682154 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the synthesis of three new l-lysine-based organogelators bis(N2-alkanoyl-N6-l-lysyl ethylester)oxalylamides, where alkanoyls are lauroyl, myristoyl, and palmitoyl. The gels of these gelators were prepared with high yields in eco-friendly solvents commonly used in cosmetics such as ethyl and isopropyl esters of lauric and myristic acids, liquid paraffin, 1-decanol, and 1,2-propanediol. Fourier transform infrared measurements revealed the involvement of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the gelation. Scanning electron microscopy images of xerogels indicated different morphologic patterns with regard to the alkanoyl chain length and the solvent employed in their preparation. The gel formation was supported by rheological measurements. Three gels prepared in liquid paraffin were loaded with naproxen (Npx) with a quite high loading capacity (up to 166.6% as percentage of gelator) without gel disruption. The release of Npx from the gel matrix into the buffered solution at physiologic pH was evaluated using UV-vis spectroscopy. The results revealed that the release rate of Npx from the organogels significantly retarded with increasing organogelator concentration, whereas it enhanced with increasing Npx concentration. The rate was also found to be pH-dependent; the lower the pH, the lower the rate. Furthermore, molecular dynamic calculations performed on the octamer of myristoyl-bearing gelator (N 2 M/N 6 Lys) in 1,2-propanediol provided useful information regarding the structural properties of the gels, which may be of interest to interpret the structure of the gel matrix. Altogether, this work provided valuable outcomes, which may be relevant to the pharmaceutical industry. It may be suggested that l-lysine-based gels have potentials in the delivery of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug molecules. Besides, the release of the drug can be fine-tuned by the correct choice of gelator-solvent combination.
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Prathap A, Sureshan KM. Sugar-Based Organogelators for Various Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6005-6014. [PMID: 30983352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we discuss the design strategy, syntheses, and the self-assembly of various sugar-based gelators to form organogels. We illustrate the use of organogels formed by these sugar-based gelators for various applications such as (a) development of scratch-free, shatter-free, soft-optical devices using oil gels formed by mannitol-based gelators, (b) marine oil-spill recovery using sugar-based phase selective organogelators, (c) preparation of semiconducting cotton cloths using a diyne functionalized sugar gelator, (d) development of sugar arrays on glass slides using a polymerizable diyne functionalized sugar gelator for efficient lectin binding, (e) development of sintering resistant hybrid CaO-silica material for the absorption of CO2, (f) preparation of porous polystyrene-crown ether matrix for the selective alkali metal ions sequestration, and (g) preparation of porous polystyrene, structured silica, and fluorescent gels using a library of sugar-based gelators, and also the mechanism of gelation of some of these gelators have been discussed. We have also given our perspective toward exploring sugar-based gelators for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamalai Prathap
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , Maruthamala (P.O.), Vithura , Kerala 695551 , India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , Maruthamala (P.O.), Vithura , Kerala 695551 , India
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28
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Khavasi HR, Esmaeili M. Is Gelation Behavior Predictable through a Crystal Engineering Approach? A Case Study in Four Similar Coordination Compounds. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4660-4671. [PMID: 30810321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a detailed study on the gelation properties of a series of terpyridine and dipyrazine-pyridine ligands in the presence of metal salts is reported. To reveal the driving forces for the self-assembly of the metallogelators, their crystal structure is scrutinized. Inspired by the gelation of CuCl2[Terpy- nCN], where "Terpy- nCN" is 4'-( n-cyanophenyl)-2,2',6',2″-terpyridine, to look into the aggregation behavior of the related analogues, synthesis of CuCl2[Dipyz-py- nCN] derivatives, where "Dipyz-py- nCN" is 4-( n-cyanophenyl)-2,6-di-pyrazin-2-yl-pyridine, with the same cyano groups is performed. We then find that the Dipyz-py counterpart forms crystals when the molecules are stacked in an alternating way, instead of the unidirectional one required for gel formation. A crystal engineering approach is applied to determine the interactions that are favorable for fabricating a fiber network that is likely to be present in both crystalline and gel states and to find the interaction that disturbs this delicate balance between gelation and crystallization in coordination compounds; then, we conclude that the subtle balance between the molecular shape and intermolecular interactions is the origin of the gelation and crystallization of the current molecular system. This enables us to find the mutual connection among the structure of molecules, assembly behavior, and intermolecular interactions. With our experiments, a deep understanding of the balance among solution, gelation, and crystallization with subtle molecular diversions is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Khavasi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Shahid Beheshti University , General Campus, Evin, Tehran 1983963113 , Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Shahid Beheshti University , General Campus, Evin, Tehran 1983963113 , Iran
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Pi-Boleda B, Campos M, Sans M, Basavilbaso A, Illa O, Branchadell V, Estévez JC, Ortuño RM. Synthesis and Gelling Abilities of Polyfunctional Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic Acid Bisamides: Influence of the Hydroxyl Groups. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020352. [PMID: 30669453 PMCID: PMC6358840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New enantiomerically pure C16-alkyl diamides derived from trihydroxy cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid have been synthesized from (−)-shikimic acid. The hydroxyl groups in these compounds are free or, alternatively, they present full or partial protection. Their gelling abilities towards several solvents have been tested and rationalized by means of the combined use of Hansen solubility parameters, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and circular dichroism (CD), as well as computational calculations. All the results allowed us to account for the capability of each type of organogelator to interact with different solvents and for the main mode of aggregation. Thus, compounds with fully protected hydroxyl groups are good organogelators for methanol and ethanol. In contrast, a related compound bearing three free hydroxyl groups is insoluble in water and polar solvents including alcohols but it is able to gelate some low-polarity solvents. This last behavior can be justified by strong hydrogen bonding between molecules of organogelator, which competes advantageously with polar solvent interactions. As an intermediate case, an organogelator with two free hydroxyl groups presents an ambivalent ability to gelate both apolar and polar solvents by means of two aggregation patterns. These involve hydrogen bonding interactions of the unprotected hydroxyl groups in apolar solvents and intermolecular interactions between amide groups in polar ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Pi-Boleda
- Department de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Campos
- CIQUS (Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares), Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Marta Sans
- Department de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Antonio Basavilbaso
- CIQUS (Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares), Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ona Illa
- Department de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Department de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Estévez
- CIQUS (Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares), Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ortuño
- Department de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Prathap A, Ravi A, Pathan JR, Sureshan KM. Halobenzyl alcohols as structurally simple organogelators. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01008d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report 11 simple halobenzyl alcohols, each comprising of only 16 atoms, as organogelators for aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents. Their self-assembly is similar in both gel and crystal states and involve OH⋯O, CH⋯O, CH⋯π, O⋯X, CH⋯X and X⋯X interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamalai Prathap
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Vithura
- India
| | - Arthi Ravi
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Vithura
- India
| | - Javed R. Pathan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Vithura
- India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Vithura
- India
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31
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Akama S, Maki T, Yamanaka M. Enzymatic hydrolysis-induced degradation of a lactose-coupled supramolecular hydrogel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8814-8817. [PMID: 29989110 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04727h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic urea 1 with a hydrophilic lactose group was prepared as a low-molecular-weight hydrogelator, which formed a transparent supramolecular hydrogel. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the lactose moiety using β-galactosidase allowed a gel-to-sol phase transition of the supramolecular hydrogel. A β-galactosidase inhibitor enables us to control the time course of this phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuto Akama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Foster JS, Prentice AW, Forgan RS, Paterson MJ, Lloyd GO. Targetable Mechanical Properties by Switching between Self-Sorting and Co-assembly with In Situ Formed Tripodal Ketoenamine Supramolecular Hydrogels. CHEMNANOMAT : CHEMISTRY OF NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY, BIOLOGY AND MORE 2018; 4:853-859. [PMID: 31032176 PMCID: PMC6473556 DOI: 10.1002/cnma.201800198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A new family of supramolecular hydrogelators are introduced in which self-sorting and co-assembly can be utilised in the tuneability of the mechanical properties of the materials, a property closely tied to the nanostructure of the gel network. The in situ reactivity of the components of the gelators allows for system chemistry concepts to be applied to the formation of the gels and shows that molecular properties, and not necessarily the chemical identity, determines some gel properties in these family of gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S. Foster
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityWilliam Perkin BuildingEdinburghScotland, United KingdomEH11 4AS
| | - Andrew W. Prentice
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityWilliam Perkin BuildingEdinburghScotland, United KingdomEH11 4AS
| | - Ross S. Forgan
- WestCHEM, School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowJoseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University AvenueGlasgowUnited KingdomG12 8QQ.
| | - Martin J. Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityWilliam Perkin BuildingEdinburghScotland, United KingdomEH11 4AS
| | - Gareth O. Lloyd
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityWilliam Perkin BuildingEdinburghScotland, United KingdomEH11 4AS
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33
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Basu N, Chakraborty A, Ghosh R. Carbohydrate Derived Organogelators and the Corresponding Functional Gels Developed in Recent Time. Gels 2018; 4:E52. [PMID: 30674828 PMCID: PMC6209255 DOI: 10.3390/gels4020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their multifarious applicability, studies of molecular and supramolecular gelators and their corresponding gels have gained momentum, particularly in the last two decades. Hydrophobic⁻hydrophilic balance, different solvent parameters, gelator⁻gelator and gelator⁻solvent interactions, including different noncovalent intermolecular interactive forces like H-bonding, ionic interactions, π⁻π interactions, van der Waals interactions, etc., cause the supramolecular gel assembly of micro and nano scales with different types of morphologies, depending on the gelator, solvent, and condition of gelation. These gel structures can be utilized for making template inorganic superstructures for potential application in separation, generation of nanocomposite materials, and other applications like self-healing, controlled drug encapsulation, release and delivery, as structuring agents, oil-spill recovery, for preparation of semi-conducting fabrics, and in many other fields. Sugars, being easily available, inexpensive, and nontoxic natural resources with multi functionality and well-defined chirality are attractive starting materials for the preparation of sugar-based gelators. This review will focus on compilation of sugar derived organogelators and the corresponding gels, along with the potential applications that have been developed and published recently between January 2015 and March 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabamita Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Nabagram Hiralal Paul College, Konnagar, West Bengal 712246, India.
| | - Arijit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya B. N. Seal College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India.
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Chen A, Okafor IS, Garcia C, Wang G. Synthesis and self-assembling properties of 4,6−O-benzylidene acetal protected D-glucose and D-glucosamine β−1,2,3−triazole derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2018; 461:60-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Esposito CL, Kirilov P, Roullin VG. Organogels, promising drug delivery systems: an update of state-of-the-art and recent applications. J Control Release 2018; 271:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Krishnan BP, Sureshan KM. A Library of Multipurpose Supramolecular Supergelators: Fabrication of Structured Silica, Porous Plastics, and Fluorescent Gels. Chem Asian J 2017; 13:187-193. [PMID: 29195010 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular gels find applications in various fields. Usually, a specific gelator is useful only for a specific application. This one-gelator-one-application format is one factor that limits the usefulness of supramolecular gels. We report the synthesis of a library of gelators from a common core by using a click-chemistry approach. Thus, the click reaction of β-azido-4,6-O-benzylidene-galactopyranoside (1) with various alkynes gave 11 different gelators having varying gelation abilities. Whereas gelators having alkyl-chain substituents congealed alkanes and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), the gelators having aromatic substituents congealed aromatic solvents. We exploited this difference in gelling behavior in the templated synthesis of silica rods and porous plastics. The styrene gel of gelator 2 j was polymerized, and the gelator was removed by washing to obtain porous polystyrene. The TEOS gel of gelator 2 b was polymerized to silica, and the gelator template was removed by calcination to give microstructured silica rods. We also developed fluorescent gelator 2 f by this method, which might find applications by virtue of its fluorescence in the assembled state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiju P Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
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38
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Prasad YS, Miryala S, Lalitha K, Ranjitha K, Barbhaiwala S, Sridharan V, Maheswari CU, Srinandan CS, Nagarajan S. Disassembly of Bacterial Biofilms by the Self-Assembled Glycolipids Derived from Renewable Resources. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40047-40058. [PMID: 29096062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 80% of chronic infections of bacteria are caused by biofilms. It is also a long-term survival strategy of the pathogens in a nonhost environment. Several amphiphilic molecules have been used in the past to potentially disrupt biofilms; however, the involvement of multistep synthesis, complicated purification and poor yield still remains a major problem. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of glycolipid based surfactant from renewable feedstocks in good yield. The nature of carbohydrate unit present in glycolipid influence the ring chain tautomerism, which resulted in the existence of either cyclic structure or both cyclic and acyclic structures. Interestingly, these glycolipids self-assemble into gel in highly hydrophobic solvents and vegetable oils, and displayed foam formation in water. The potential application of these self-assembled glycolipids to disrupt preformed biofilm was examined against various pathogens. It was observed that glycolipid 6a disrupts Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes biofilm, while the compound 6c was effective in disassembling uropathogenic E. coli and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium biofilms. Altogether, the supramolecular self-assembled materials, either as gel or as surfactant solution could be potentially used for surface cleansing in hospital environments or the food processing industries to effectively reduce pathogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadavali Siva Prasad
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandeep Miryala
- Biofilm Biology Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Lalitha
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Ranjitha
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shehnaz Barbhaiwala
- Biofilm Biology Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Uma Maheswari
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C S Srinandan
- Biofilm Biology Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subbiah Nagarajan
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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39
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Rajkamal, Pathak NP, Halder T, Dhara S, Yadav S. Partially Acetylated or Benzoylated Arabinose Derivatives as Structurally Simple Organogelators: Effect of the Ester Protecting Group on Gel Properties. Chemistry 2017. [PMID: 28639337 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-based low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) have been used for various applications for a long time. Herein, structurally simple, ester-protected arabinosides are reported as low-molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs) that are able to gel aromatic solvents, as well as petrol and diesel. Studies on the mechanical strength of the gels, through detailed rheological experiments, indicate that gels from the 1,2-dibenzoylated arabinose gelator possess better mechanical properties than those from the 1,2-diacetylated gelator. These results are interpreted in terms of the tendency of the former to form fibers with comparatively lower diameter than those of the latter, based on detailed field-emission SEM and AFM studies. Investigations of the interactions responsible for the self-assembly of gelators through IR spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering reveal that the primary interactions responsible are hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups and ester C=O, which is absent in the solid state of the gelators. In addition, π interactions present in the 1,2-dibenzoylated derivative result in a more regular arrangement, which, in turn, leads to better mechanical properties of the gels compared with those of the 1,2-diacetylated gelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkamal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Navendu P Pathak
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tanmoy Halder
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shubhajit Dhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Somnath Yadav
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
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40
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Su T, Hong KH, Zhang W, Li F, Li Q, Yu F, Luo G, Gao H, He YP. Scaleable two-component gelator from phthalic acid derivatives and primary alkyl amines: acid-base interaction in the cooperative assembly. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4066-4073. [PMID: 28536712 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00797c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of phthalic acid derivatives (P) with a carbon-chain tail was designed and synthesized as single-component gelators. A combination of the single-component gelator P and a non-gelling additive n-alkylamine A through acid-base interaction brought about a series of novel phase-selective two-component gelators PA. The gelation capabilities of P and PA, and the structural, morphological, thermo-dynamic and rheological properties of the corresponding gels were investigated. A molecular dynamics simulation showed that the H-bonding network in PA formed between the NH of A and the carbonyl oxygen of P altered the assembly process of gelator P. Crude PA could be synthesized through a one-step process without any purification and could selectively gel the oil phase without a typical heating-cooling process. Moreover, such a crude PA and its gelation process could be amplified to the kilogram scale with high efficiency, which offers a practical economically viable solution to marine oil-spill recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Dandong Lu West 1, Fushun 113001, Liaoning, P. R. China.
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41
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Kesava Raju CS, Pramanik B, Ravishankar R, Chalapathi Rao PV, Sriganesh G. Xylitol based phase selective organogelators for potential oil spillage recovery. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06898k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylitol based cost effective and easily synthesizable phase selective gelators were developed for strong gelation ability for different crude oils, wide range of refinery products and reported for their potential application in oil spillage recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhaskar Pramanik
- Analytical Division
- Hindustan Petroleum Green R&D Center (HPGRDC)
- KIADB Industrial Estate
- Bangalore
- India
| | - Raman Ravishankar
- Analytical Division
- Hindustan Petroleum Green R&D Center (HPGRDC)
- KIADB Industrial Estate
- Bangalore
- India
| | | | - Gandham Sriganesh
- Analytical Division
- Hindustan Petroleum Green R&D Center (HPGRDC)
- KIADB Industrial Estate
- Bangalore
- India
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42
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Keseberg P, Bachl J, Díaz DD. Non-covalent incorporation of some substituted metal phthalocyanines into different gel networks and the effects on the gel properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616501145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of metallo-phthalocyanines (MPcs) in many technological applications requires the development of specific methods for flexible thin film fabrication. An interesting and simple strategy is the physical encapsulation of MPcs within viscoelastic gel scaffolds. However, non-covalent incorporation of large external molecules into gel networks is a challenge because the balance between dissolution and crystallization in metastable gel phases is likely to be altered changing the properties and/or stability of the material and, therefore, threatening its functionality. In this work, we report preliminary results regarding non-covalent inclusion of MPcs into different gel networks and the effects on their thermal, morphological and mechanical properties. In general, slight variations on the [Formula: see text]were observed for most combinations prepared at well-defined concentrations in the presence of suitable MPcs, except for the organogel made of peracetylated [Formula: see text]-cyclodextrin and the hydrogel made of a bile acid-based gelator. These gels experienced a remarkable enhancement of the [Formula: see text] of ca. 20°C with respect to the pristine gels. Moreover, preservation of monomeric dye species and reduced photodegradation was also observed in some hybrid gels. Relative correlations between thermal stability, morphological features and mechanical properties were also drawn during the study. Maintenance of the catalytic activity of a CuPc immobilized in a supramolecular gel network was also demonstrated by the aerobic oxidation of benzhydrol to benzophenone at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Keseberg
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bachl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Häring M, Díaz DD. Supramolecular metallogels with bulk self-healing properties prepared by in situ metal complexation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13068-13081. [PMID: 27711325 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06533c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this feature article, we discuss a series of contributions dealing with the in situ fabrication of supramolecular metallogels (i.e. using low molecular weight ligands and metal ions) that show self-healing properties of the bulk gel phase after complete physical segregation. Most of the advances in this area have taken place during the last three years and are mainly represented by organogels, whereas examples of hydrogels and organic-aqueous gels are still a minority. In situ gelation via metal-coordination of low molecular weight compounds is conceptually different from the use of premade (e.g. in solution) coordination polymers and polymeric structures as gelators and ligands, respectively. In the case of in situ gelation, the cooperative effects of all components of the mixture (i.e. ligand, metal ion, counterions and solvent molecules) in an appropriate ratio under well-defined experimental conditions play a crucial role in the gelation phenomenon and self-healing properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Häring
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstr. 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
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45
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Lozada-Garcia R, Mu D, Plazanet M, Çarçabal P. Molecular gels in the gas phase? Gelator-gelator and gelator-solvent interactions probed by vibrational spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:22100-7. [PMID: 27443393 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02755e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Benzylidene glucose (BzGlc) is a member of the benzylidene glycoside family. These molecules have the ability to form molecular physical gels. These materials are formed when gelator molecules create a non-covalently bound frame where solvent molecules are trapped. Since the gel formation process and its properties are determined by the subtle balance between non-covalent forces, it is difficult to anticipate them. Quantitative and qualitative understanding of the gelator-gelator and gelator-solvent interactions is needed to better control these materials for important potential applications. We have used gas phase vibrational spectroscopy and theoretical chemistry to study the conformational choices of BzGlc, its dimer and the complexes it forms with water or toluene. To interpret the vibrational spectra we have used the dispersion corrected functional B97D which we have calibrated for the calculation of OH stretching frequencies. Even at the most basic molecular level, it is possible to interrogate a large range of non-covalent interactions ranging from OH → OH hydrogen bonding, to OH → π, and CH → π, all being at the center of gel properties at the macroscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Lozada-Garcia
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, ISMO, UMR 8214, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, bat 210, Univ Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France.
| | - Dan Mu
- Institute of Research on the Structure and Property of Matter, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Marie Plazanet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, LiPhy, UMR 5588, Univ Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Çarçabal
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, ISMO, UMR 8214, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, bat 210, Univ Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France.
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46
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Krishnan BP, Sureshan KM. A Molecular-Level Study of Metamorphosis and Strengthening of Gels by Spontaneous Polymorphic Transitions. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3062-3067. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baiju P. Krishnan
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education; and Research Thiruvananthapuram; CET campus Thiruvananthapuram- 695016 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education; and Research Thiruvananthapuram; CET campus Thiruvananthapuram- 695016 India
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Wezenberg SJ, Croisetu CM, Stuart MCA, Feringa BL. Reversible gel-sol photoswitching with an overcrowded alkene-based bis-urea supergelator. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4341-4346. [PMID: 30155080 PMCID: PMC6013809 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00659k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A new type of low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG), i.e. overcrowded alkene-based bis-ureas, can be switched effectively between cis and trans isomers using light as demonstrated by 1H NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Gelation studies reveal that one of the synthesized trans compounds forms stable gels in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents down to a critical concentration of 0.4 mg mL-1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that this gel consists of an entangled fibrous network. For the trans isomer of this LMWG intermolecular urea hydrogen bonding is observed in the solid state, whereas density functional theory (DFT) geometry optimization of the cis isomer indicates the possible formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Irradiation of the gel triggers trans-to-cis isomerization and consequently, a gel-sol phase transition. This process can be fully reversed by altering the irradiation wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander J Wezenberg
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG , Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Christelle M Croisetu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG , Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG , Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG , Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
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48
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Schiller J, Alegre-Requena JV, Marqués-López E, Herrera RP, Casanovas J, Alemán C, Díaz Díaz D. Self-assembled fibrillar networks of a multifaceted chiral squaramide: supramolecular multistimuli-responsive alcogels. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:4361-4374. [PMID: 27087352 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02997j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chiral N,N'-disubstituted squaramide has been found to undergo self-assembly in a variety of alcoholic solvents at low concentrations leading to the formation of novel nanostructured supramolecular alcogels. The gels responded to thermal, mechanical, optical and chemical stimuli. Solubility studies, gelation ability tests and computer modeling of a series of structurally related squaramides proved the existence of a unique combination of non-covalent molecular interactions and favorable hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance in that drive the anisotropic growth of alcogel networks. The results have also revealed a remarkable effect of ultrasound on both the gelation kinetics and the properties of the alcogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schiller
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. and Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jordi Casanovas
- Departament de Química, EPS, Universitat de Lleida, Jaume II 69, 25001 Lleida, Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química - ETSEIB and Center for Research in Nano-Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. and IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Sasselli IR, Halling PJ, Ulijn RV, Tuttle T. Supramolecular Fibers in Gels Can Be at Thermodynamic Equilibrium: A Simple Packing Model Reveals Preferential Fibril Formation versus Crystallization. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2661-8. [PMID: 26812130 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight gelators are able to form nanostructures, typically fibers, which entangle to form gel-phase materials. These materials have wide-ranging applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology. While it is known that supramolecular gels often represent metastable structures due to the restricted molecular dynamics in the gel state, the thermodynamic nature of the nanofibrous structure is not well understood. Clearly, 3D extended structures will be able to form more interactions than 1D structures. However, self-assembling molecules are typically amphiphilic, thus giving rise to a combination of solvophobic and solvophilic moieties where a level of solvent exposure at the nanostructure surface is favorable. In this study, we introduce a simple packing model, based on prisms with faces of different nature (solvophobic and solvophilic) and variable interaction parameters, to represent amphiphile self-assembly. This model demonstrates that by tuning shape and "self" or "solvent" interaction parameters either the 1D fiber or 3D crystal may represent the thermodynamic minimum. The model depends on parameters that relate to features of experimentally known systems: the number of faces exposed to the solvent or buried in the fiber; the overall shape of the prism; and the free energy penalties associated with the interactions can be adjusted to match their chemical nature. The model is applied to describe the pH-dependent gelation/precipitation of well-known gelator Fmoc-FF. We conclude that, despite the fact that most experimentally produced gels probably represent metastable states, one-dimensional fibers can represent thermodynamic equilibrium. This conclusion has critical implications for the theoretical treatment of gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ramos Sasselli
- Pure and Applied Chemistry Department, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Peter J Halling
- Pure and Applied Chemistry Department, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Rein V Ulijn
- Pure and Applied Chemistry Department, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) and Hunter College, City University of New York , 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Pure and Applied Chemistry Department, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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50
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Han M, Cho SJ, Norikane Y, Shimizu M, Seki T. Assembly of an Achiral Chromophore into Light-Responsive Helical Nanostructures in the Absence of Chiral Components. Chemistry 2016; 22:3971-5. [PMID: 26781522 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The chirality found in living organisms is one of unsolved mysteries on Earth. It is crucial to understand the manner in which small achiral molecules evolve into helical superstructures in the absence of chiral components because this process can provide important insights regarding the origin of chirality in nature. 1) the uncommon helical assembly of an achiral trigonal chromophore into helical nanostructures with aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) characteristics and 2) the tunability of the helical pitch and fluorescence intensity in response to light is reported. The Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and the growth process suggest that a striking transformation from an achiral to an asymmetric molecule can occur as a result of specific interactions with certain solvents, presumably leading to the unique helical assembly. More importantly, exposure to UV or visible light promoted not only the formation of irregular helical structures with a wide range of pitch lengths but also an increase in fluorescence intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Han
- Department of Molecular Design & Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Sung June Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yongbong 300, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular Design & Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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