1
|
Susithra Priyadarshni M, Isaac Kirubakaran S, Harish MC. In silico approach to design a multi-epitopic vaccine candidate targeting the non-mutational immunogenic regions in envelope protein and surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12948-12963. [PMID: 34528491 PMCID: PMC8477437 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1977702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The novel corona virus (COVID-19) is a causative agent for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and responsible for the current human pandemic situation which has caused global social and economic commotion. The currently available vaccines use whole viruses whereas there is scope for peptide based vaccines. Thus, the global raise in statistics of this infection at an alarming rate evoked us to determine a novel and effective vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2. To find the potential vaccine candidate targets, immunoinformatics approaches were used to analyze the mutations in the envelope protein and surface glycoprotein and determine the conserved region; further specific T-cell epitopes VSLVKPSFY, SLVKPSFYV, RVKNLNSSR, SEETGTLIV, LVKPSFYVY, LTDEMIAQY, YLQPRTFLL, RLFRKSNLK, SPRRARSVA, AEIRASANL, TLLALHRSY, YSRVKNLNS and FELLHAPAT and B-cells epitopes TLAILTALRLCAYCCN and AGTITSGWTFGAGAAL were identified. The 3 D structure of epitope was predicted, refined and validated. The molecular docking analysis of multi-epitope vaccine candidates with TLR receptors, predicted effective binding. Overall, using bioinformatics approach this multi-epitopic target facilitates the proof of concept for SARS-CoV-2 conserved epitopic vaccine design.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Isaac Kirubakaran
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA
| | - M. C. Harish
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India,CONTACT M. C. Harish Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore632115, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bonam SR, Rénia L, Tadepalli G, Bayry J, Kumar HMS. Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Vaccines and Vaccine Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1072. [PMID: 34696180 PMCID: PMC8541031 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria-a parasite vector-borne disease-is a global health problem, and Plasmodium falciparum has proven to be the deadliest among Plasmodium spp., which causes malaria in humans. Symptoms of the disease range from mild fever and shivering to hemolytic anemia and neurological dysfunctions. The spread of drug resistance and the absence of effective vaccines has made malaria disease an ever-emerging problem. Although progress has been made in understanding the host response to the parasite, various aspects of its biology in its mammalian host are still unclear. In this context, there is a pressing demand for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies, including new drugs and novel adjuvanted vaccines that elicit protective immunity. The present article provides an overview of the current knowledge of anti-malarial immunity against P. falciparum and different options of vaccine candidates in development. A special emphasis has been made on the mechanism of action of clinically used vaccine adjuvants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Ganesh Tadepalli
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India;
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France;
- Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678623, India
| | - Halmuthur Mahabalarao Sampath Kumar
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sahoo S, Mahapatra SR, Parida BK, Rath S, Dehury B, Raina V, Mohakud NK, Misra N, Suar M. DBCOVP: A database of coronavirus virulent glycoproteins. Comput Biol Med 2021; 129:104131. [PMID: 33276297 PMCID: PMC7679231 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-1 (2002), novel coronaviruses have emerged periodically like the MERS- CoV (2012) and now, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak which has posed a global threat to public health. Although, this is the third zoonotic coronavirus breakout within the last two decades, there are only a few platforms that provide information about coronavirus genomes. None of them is specific for the virulence glycoproteins and complete sequence-structural features of these virulence factors across the betacoronavirus family including SARS-CoV-2 strains are lacking. Against this backdrop, we present DBCOVP (http://covp.immt.res.in/), the first manually-curated, web-based resource to provide extensive information on the complete repertoire of structural virulent glycoproteins from coronavirus genomes belonging to betacoronavirus genera. The database provides various sequence-structural properties in which users can browse and analyze information in different ways. Furthermore, many conserved T-cell and B-cell epitopes predicted for each protein are present that may perform a significant role in eliciting the humoral and cellular immune response. The tertiary structure of the epitopes together with the docked epitope-HLA binding-complex is made available to facilitate further analysis. DBCOVP presents an easy-to-use interface with in-built tools for similarity search, cross-genome comparison, phylogenetic, and multiple sequence alignment. DBCOVP will certainly be an important resource for experimental biologists engaged in coronavirus research studies and will aid in vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susrita Sahoo
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Mahapatra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bikram Kumar Parida
- Informatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (CSIR-IMMT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Satyajit Rath
- Informatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (CSIR-IMMT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Vishakha Raina
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Mohakud
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Namrata Misra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marques-da-Silva C, Peissig K, Kurup SP. Pre-Erythrocytic Vaccines against Malaria. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030400. [PMID: 32708179 PMCID: PMC7565498 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, is a devastating disease with over 200 million new cases reported globally every year. Although immunization is arguably the best strategy to eliminate malaria, despite decades of research in this area we do not have an effective, clinically approved antimalarial vaccine. The current impetus in the field is to develop vaccines directed at the pre-erythrocytic developmental stages of Plasmodium, utilizing novel vaccination platforms. We here review the most promising pre-erythrocytic stage antimalarial vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Marques-da-Silva
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.M.-d.-S.); (K.P.)
- Department of Cellular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kristen Peissig
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.M.-d.-S.); (K.P.)
- Department of Cellular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Samarchith P. Kurup
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.M.-d.-S.); (K.P.)
- Department of Cellular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heide J, Vaughan KC, Sette A, Jacobs T, Schulze Zur Wiesch J. Comprehensive Review of Human Plasmodium falciparum-Specific CD8+ T Cell Epitopes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:397. [PMID: 30949162 PMCID: PMC6438266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of malaria is an important global health issue and there is still an urgent need for the development of an effective prophylactic vaccine. Multiple studies have provided strong evidence that Plasmodium falciparum-specific MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells are important for sterile protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection. Here, we present an interactive epitope map of all P. falciparum-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes published to date, based on a comprehensive data base (IEDB), and literature search. The majority of the described P. falciparum-specific CD8+ T cells were directed against the antigens CSP, TRAP, AMA1, and LSA1. Notably, most of the epitopes were discovered in vaccine trials conducted with malaria-naïve volunteers. Only few immunological studies of P. falciparum-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes detected in patients suffering from acute malaria or in people living in malaria endemic areas have been published. Further detailed immunological mappings of P. falciparum-specific epitopes of a broader range of P. falciparum proteins in different settings and with different disease status are needed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of CD8+ T cell responses for protection, and to better guide vaccine design and to study their efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna Heide
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerrie C Vaughan
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hossain MU, Keya CA, Das KC, Hashem A, Omar TM, Khan MA, Rakib-Uz-Zaman SM, Salimullah M. An Immunopharmacoinformatics Approach in Development of Vaccine and Drug Candidates for West Nile Virus. Front Chem 2018; 6:246. [PMID: 30035107 PMCID: PMC6043868 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of West Nile Virus (WNV) like the recent Ebola can be more epidemic and fatal to public health throughout the world. WNV possesses utmost threat as no vaccine or drug is currently available for its treatment except mosquito control. The current study applied the combined approach of immunoinformatics and pharmacoinformatics to design potential epitope-based vaccines and drug candidates against WNV. By analyzing the whole proteome of 2994 proteins, the WNV envelope glycoprotein was selected as a therapeutic target based on its highest antigenicity. After proper assessment “KSFLVHREW” and “ITPSAPSYT” were found to be the most potential T and B-cell epitopes, respectively. Besides, we have designed and validated four novel drugs from a known WNV inhibitor, AP30451 by adopting computational approaches. Toxicity assessment and drug score confirmed the effectiveness of these drug candidates. This in silico research might greatly facilitate the wet lab experiments to develop vaccine and drug against WNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chaman Ara Keya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Keshob Chandra Das
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Hashem
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taimur Md Omar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Life Science Faculty, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arif Khan
- Bio-Bio-1 Research Foundation, Sangskriti Bikash Kendra Bhavan, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M Rakib-Uz-Zaman
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Biotechnology Program, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salimullah
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hossain MU, Omar TM, Oany AR, Kibria KMK, Shibly AZ, Moniruzzaman M, Ali SR, Islam MM. Design of peptide-based epitope vaccine and further binding site scrutiny led to groundswell in drug discovery against Lassa virus. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:81. [PMID: 29430345 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is responsible for an acute viral hemorrhagic fever known as Lassa fever. Sequence analyses of LASV proteome identified the most immunogenic protein that led to predict both T-cell and B-cell epitopes and further target and binding site depiction could allow novel drug findings for drug discovery field against this virus. To induce both humoral and cell-mediated immunity peptide sequence SSNLYKGVY, conserved region 41-49 amino acids were found as the most potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes, respectively. The peptide sequence might intermingle with 17 HLA-I and 16 HLA-II molecules, also cover 49.15-96.82% population coverage within the common people of different countries where Lassa virus is endemic. To ensure the binding affinity to both HLA-I and HLA-II molecules were employed in docking simulation with suggested epitope sequence. Further the predicted 3D structure of the most immunogenic protein was analyzed to reveal out the binding site for the drug design against Lassa Virus. Herein, sequence analyses of proteome identified the most immunogenic protein that led to predict both T-cell and B-cell epitopes and further target and binding site depiction could allow novel drug findings for drug discovery field against this virus.
Collapse
|
8
|
Vaccinomics Approach for Designing Potential Peptide Vaccine by Targeting Shigella spp. Serine Protease Autotransporter Subfamily Protein SigA. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:6412353. [PMID: 29082265 PMCID: PMC5610819 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6412353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis, a bacillary dysentery, is closely associated with diarrhoea in human and causes infection of 165 million people worldwide per year. Casein-degrading serine protease autotransporter of enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) subfamily protein SigA, an outer membrane protein, exerts both cytopathic and enterotoxic effects especially cytopathic to human epithelial cell type-2 (HEp-2) and is shown to be highly immunogenic. In the present study, we have tried to impose the vaccinomics approach for designing a common peptide vaccine candidate against the immunogenic SigA of Shigella spp. At first, 44 SigA proteins from different variants of S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, S. boydii, and S. sonnei were assessed to find the most antigenic protein. We retrieved 12 peptides based on the highest score for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertypes analysed by NetCTL. Initially, these peptides were assessed for the affinity with MHC class I and class II alleles, and four potential core epitopes VTARAGLGY, FHTVTVNTL, HTTWTLTGY, and IELAGTLTL were selected. From these, FHTVTVNTL and IELAGTLTL peptides were shown to have 100% conservancy. Finally, IELAGTLTL was shown to have the highest population coverage (83.86%) among the whole world population. In vivo study of the proposed epitope might contribute to the development of functional and unique widespread vaccine, which might be an operative alleyway to thwart dysentery from the world.
Collapse
|
9
|
Alam A, Ali S, Ahamad S, Malik MZ, Ishrat R. From ZikV genome to vaccine: in silico approach for the epitope-based peptide vaccine against Zika virus envelope glycoprotein. Immunology 2016; 149:386-399. [PMID: 27485738 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZikV) has emerged as a potential threat to human health worldwide. A member of the Flaviviridae, ZikV is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. It is related to other pathogenic vector-borne flaviviruses including dengue, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses, but produces a comparatively mild disease in humans. As a result of its epidemic outbreak and the lack of potential medication, there is a need for improved vaccine/drugs. Computational techniques will provide further information about this virus. Comparative analysis of ZikV genomes should lead to the identification of the core characteristics that define a virus family, as well as its unique properties, while phylogenetic analysis will show the evolutionary relationships and provide clues about the protein's ancestry. Envelope glycoprotein of ZikV was obtained from a protein database and the most immunogenic epitope for T cells and B cells involved in cell-mediated immunity, whereas B cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity. We mainly focused on MHC class I potential peptides. YRIMLSVHG, VLIFLSTAV and MMLELDPPF, GLDFSDLYY are the most potent peptides predicted as epitopes for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively, whereas MMLELDPPF and GLDFSDLYY had the highest pMHC-I immunogenicity score and these are further tested for interaction against the HLA molecules, using in silico docking techniques to verify the binding cleft epitope. However, this is an introductory approach to design an epitope-based peptide vaccine against ZikV; we hope that this model will be helpful in designing and predicting novel vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahzaib Ahamad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering & Technology, IFTM, Moradabad, India
| | - Md Zubbair Malik
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Romana Ishrat
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hossain MU, Hashem A, Keya CA, Salimullah M. Therapeutics Insight with Inclusive Immunopharmacology Explication of Human Rotavirus A for the Treatment of Diarrhea. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:153. [PMID: 27445802 PMCID: PMC4917548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe infant and childhood diarrhea worldwide, and the morbidity and mortality rate is going to be outnumbered in developing countries like Bangladesh. To mitigate this substantial burden of disease, new therapeutics such as vaccine and drug are swiftly required against rotavirus. The present therapeutics insight study was performed with comprehensive immunoinformatics and pharmacoinformatics approach. T and B-cell epitopes were assessed in the conserved region of outer capsid protein VP4 among the highly reviewed strains from different countries including Bangladesh. The results suggest that epitope SU1 (TLKNLNDNY) could be an ideal candidate among the predicted five epitopes for both T and B-cell epitopes for the development of universal vaccine against rotavirus. This research also suggests five novel drug compounds from medicinal plant Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. for better therapeutics strategies against rotavirus diarrhea based on 3D structure building, pharmacophore, ADMET, and QSAR properties. The exact mode of action between drug compounds and target protein VP4 were revealed by molecular docking analysis. Drug likeness and oral bioavailability further confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed drugs against rotavirus diarrhea. This study might be implemented for experimental validation to facilitate the novel vaccine and drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Uzzal Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Life Science Faculty, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Hashem
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chaman Ara Keya
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, North South University Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salimullah
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oany AR, Sharmin T, Chowdhury AS, Jyoti TP, Hasan MA. Highly conserved regions in Ebola virus RNA dependent RNA polymerase may be act as a universal novel peptide vaccine target: a computational approach. In Silico Pharmacol 2015; 3:7. [PMID: 26820892 PMCID: PMC4529428 DOI: 10.1186/s40203-015-0011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ebola virus (EBOV) is such kind of virus which is responsible for 23,825 cases and 9675 deaths worldwide only in 2014 and with an average diseases fatality rate between 25 % and 90 %. Although, medical technology has tried to handle the problems, there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutics or vaccines available for the prevention, post exposure, or treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Methods In the present study, we used the immunoinformatics approach to design a potential epitope-based vaccine against the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-L of EBOV. BioEdit v7.2.3 sequence alignment editor, Jalview v2 and CLC Sequence Viewer v7.0.2 were used for the initial sequence analysis for securing the conservancy from the sequences. Later the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB-AR) was used for the identification of T-cell and B-cellepitopes associated with type I and II major histocompatibility complex molecules analysis. Finally, the population coverage analysis was employed. Results The core epitope “FRYEFTAPF” was found to be the most potential one, with 100 % conservancy among all the strains of EBOV. It also interacted with both type I and II major histocompatibility complex molecules and is considered as nonallergenic in nature. Finally, with impressive cumulative population coverage of 99.87 % for the both MHC-I and MHC-II class throughout the world population was found for the proposed epitope. Conclusion To end, the projected peptide gave us a solid stand to propose for vaccine consideration and that might be experimented for its potency in eliciting immunity through humoral and cell mediated immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40203-015-0011-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arafat Rahman Oany
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Sharmin
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Afrin Sultana Chowdhury
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Pervin Jyoti
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Anayet Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A Highly Conserved GEQYQQLR Epitope Has Been Identified in the Nucleoprotein of Ebola Virus by Using an In Silico Approach. Adv Bioinformatics 2015; 2015:278197. [PMID: 25709646 PMCID: PMC4331325 DOI: 10.1155/2015/278197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a deadly virus that has caused several fatal outbreaks. Recently it caused another outbreak and resulted in thousands afflicted cases. Effective and approved vaccine or therapeutic treatment against this virus is still absent. In this study, we aimed to predict B-cell epitopes from several EBOV encoded proteins which may aid in developing new antibody-based therapeutics or viral antigen detection method against this virus. Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) was performed for the identification of conserved region among glycoprotein (GP), nucleoprotein (NP), and viral structural proteins (VP40, VP35, and VP24) of EBOV. Next, different consensus immunogenic and conserved sites were predicted from the conserved region(s) using various computational tools which are available in Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). Among GP, NP, VP40, VP35, and VP30 protein, only NP gave a 100% conserved GEQYQQLR B-cell epitope that fulfills the ideal features of an effective B-cell epitope and could lead a way in the milieu of Ebola treatment. However, successful in vivo and in vitro studies are prerequisite to determine the actual potency of our predicted epitope and establishing it as a preventing medication against all the fatal strains of EBOV.
Collapse
|
13
|
Oany AR, Ahmad SAI, Hossain MU, Jyoti TP. Identification of highly conserved regions in L-segment of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and immunoinformatic prediction about potential novel vaccine. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2015; 8:1-10. [PMID: 25609983 PMCID: PMC4293217 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s75250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne zoonotic viral disease with a disease fatality rate between 15% and 70%. Despite the wide range of distribution, the virus (CCHFV) is basically endemic in Africa, Asia, eastern Europe, and the Middle East. Acute febrile illness associated with petechiae, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiple-organ failure are the main symptoms of the disease. With all these fatal effects, CCHFV is considered a huge threat as no successful therapeutic approach is currently available for the treatment of this disease. In the present study, we have used the immunoinformatics approach to design a potential epitope-based vaccine against the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-L of CCHFV. Both the T-cell and B-cell epitopes were assessed, and the epitope "DCSSTPPDR" was found to be the most potential one, with 100% conservancy among all the strains of CCHFV. The epitope was also found to interact with both type I and II major histocompatibility complex molecules and is considered nonallergenic as well. In vivo study of our proposed peptide is advised for novel universal vaccine production, which might be an effective path to prevent CCHF disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arafat Rahman Oany
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Adil Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Uzzal Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Pervin Jyoti
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tanu AR, Ashraf MA, Hossain MF, Ismail M, Shekhar HU. Identification and validation of T-cell epitopes in outer membrane protein (OMP) of Salmonella typhi. Bioinformation 2014; 10:480-6. [PMID: 25258481 PMCID: PMC4166765 DOI: 10.6026/97320630010480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to design epitope-based peptides for the utility of vaccine development by targeting outer membrane protein F
(Omp F), because two available licensed vaccines, live oral Ty21a and injectable polysaccharide, are 50% to 80% protective with a
higher rate of side effects. Conventional vaccines take longer time for development and have less differentiation power between
vaccinated and infected cells. On the other hand, Peptide-based vaccines present few advantages over other vaccines, such as
stability of peptide, ease to manufacture, better storage, avoidance of infectious agents during manufacture, and different
molecules can be linked with peptides to enhance their immunogenicity. Omp F is highly conserved and facilitates attachment and
fusion of Salmonella typhi with host cells. Using various databases and tools, immune parameters of conserved sequences from Omp
F of different isolates of Salmonella typhi were tested to predict probable epitopes. Binding analysis of the peptides with MHC
molecules, epitopes conservancy, population coverage, and linear B cell epitope prediction were analyzed. Among all those
predicted peptides, ESYTDMAPY epitope interacted with six MHC alleles and it shows highest amount of interaction compared to
others. The cumulative population coverage for these epitopes as vaccine candidates was approximately 70%. Structural analysis
suggested that epitope ESYTDMAPY fitted well into the epitope-binding groove of HLA-C*12:03, as this HLA molecule was
common which interact with each and every predicted epitopes. So, this potential epitope may be linked with other molecules to
enhance its immunogenicity and used for vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arifur Rahman Tanu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Arif Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Faruk Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hossain Uddin Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oany AR, Emran AA, Jyoti TP. Design of an epitope-based peptide vaccine against spike protein of human coronavirus: an in silico approach. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1139-49. [PMID: 25187696 PMCID: PMC4149408 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s67861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human coronavirus (HCoV), a member of Coronaviridae family, is the
causative agent of upper respiratory tract infections and “atypical
pneumonia”. Despite severe epidemic outbreaks on several occasions and lack of
antiviral drug, not much progress has been made with regard to an epitope-based vaccine
designed for HCoV. In this study, a computational approach was adopted to identify a
multiepitope vaccine candidate against this virus that could be suitable to trigger a
significant immune response. Sequences of the spike proteins were collected from a protein
database and analyzed with an in silico tool, to identify the most immunogenic protein.
Both T cell immunity and B cell immunity were checked for the peptides to ensure that they
had the capacity to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The peptide sequence
from 88–94 amino acids and the sequence KSSTGFVYF were found as the most potential
B cell and T cell epitopes, respectively. Furthermore, conservancy analysis was also done
using in silico tools and showed a conservancy of 64.29% for all epitopes. The peptide
sequence could interact with as many as 16 human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and showed high
cumulative population coverage, ranging from 75.68% to 90.73%. The epitope was further
tested for binding against the HLA molecules, using in silico docking techniques, to
verify the binding cleft epitope interaction. The allergenicity of the epitopes was also
evaluated. This computational study of design of an epitope-based peptide vaccine against
HCoVs allows us to determine novel peptide antigen targets in spike proteins on intuitive
grounds, albeit the preliminary results thereof require validation by in vitro and in vivo
experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arafat Rahman Oany
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Life Science Faculty, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah-Al Emran
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Life Science Faculty, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh ; Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tahmina Pervin Jyoti
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hasan MA, Hossain M, Alam MJ. A computational assay to design an epitope-based Peptide vaccine against saint louis encephalitis virus. Bioinform Biol Insights 2013; 7:347-55. [PMID: 24324329 PMCID: PMC3855041 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Saint Louis encephalitis virus, a member of the flaviviridae subgroup, is a culex mosquito-borne pathogen. Despite severe epidemic outbreaks on several occasions, not much progress has been made with regard to an epitope-based vaccine designed for Saint Louis encephalitis virus. The envelope proteins were collected from a protein database and analyzed with an in silico tool to identify the most immunogenic protein. The protein was then verified through several parameters to predict the T-cell and B-cell epitopes. Both T-cell and B-cell immunity were assessed to determine that the protein can induce humoral as well as cell-mediated immunity. The peptide sequence from 330-336 amino acids and the sequence REYCYEATL from the position 57 were found as the most potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes, respectively. Furthermore, as an RNA virus, one important thing was to establish the epitope as a conserved one; this was also done by in silico tools, showing 63.51% conservancy. The epitope was further tested for binding against the HLA molecule by computational docking techniques to verify the binding cleft epitope interaction. However, this is a preliminary study of designing an epitope-based peptide vaccine against Saint Louis encephalitis virus; the results awaits validation by in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Anayet Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Malaria vaccine adjuvants: latest update and challenges in preclinical and clinical research. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:282913. [PMID: 23710439 PMCID: PMC3655447 DOI: 10.1155/2013/282913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is no malaria vaccine currently available, and the most advanced candidate has recently reported a modest 30% efficacy against clinical malaria. Although many efforts have been dedicated to achieve this goal, the research was mainly directed to identify antigenic targets. Nevertheless, the latest progresses on understanding how immune system works and the data recovered from vaccination studies have conferred to the vaccine formulation its deserved relevance. Additionally to the antigen nature, the manner in which it is presented (delivery adjuvants) as well as the immunostimulatory effect of the formulation components (immunostimulants) modulates the immune response elicited. Protective immunity against malaria requires the induction of humoral, antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI) and effector and memory cell responses. This review summarizes the status of adjuvants that have been or are being employed in the malaria vaccine development, focusing on the pharmaceutical and immunological aspects, as well as on their immunization outcomings at clinical and preclinical stages.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rudra JS, Mishra S, Chong AS, Mitchell RA, Nardin EH, Nussenzweig V, Collier JH. Self-assembled peptide nanofibers raising durable antibody responses against a malaria epitope. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6476-84. [PMID: 22695068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials that modulate innate and adaptive immune responses are receiving increasing interest as adjuvants for eliciting protective immunity against a variety of diseases. Previous results have indicated that self-assembling β-sheet peptides, when fused with short peptide epitopes, can act as effective adjuvants and elicit robust and long-lived antibody responses. Here we investigated the mechanism of immunogenicity and the quality of antibody responses raised by a peptide epitope from Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein, (NANP)(3),conjugated to the self-assembling peptide domain Q11. The mechanism of adjuvant action was investigated in knockout mice with impaired MyD88, NALP3, TLR-2, or TLR-5 function, and the quality of antibodies raised against (NANP)(3)-Q11 was assessed using a transgenic sporozoite neutralizing (TSN) assay for malaria infection. (NANP)(3)-Q11 self-assembled into nanofibers, and antibody responses lasted up to 40 weeks in C57BL/6 mice. The antibody responses were T cell- and MyD88-dependent. Sera from mice primed with either irradiated sporozoites or a synthetic peptide, (T1BT*)(4)-P3C, and boosted with (NANP)(3)-Q11 showed significant increases in antibody titers and significant inhibition of sporozoite infection in TSN assays. In addition, two different epitopes could be self-assembled together without compromising the strength or duration of the antibody responses raised against either of them, making these materials promising platforms for self-adjuvanting multi-antigenic immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jai S Rudra
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schwartz L, Brown GV, Genton B, Moorthy VS. A review of malaria vaccine clinical projects based on the WHO rainbow table. Malar J 2012; 11:11. [PMID: 22230255 PMCID: PMC3286401 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Development and Phase 3 testing of the most advanced malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01, indicates that malaria vaccine R&D is moving into a new phase. Field trials of several research malaria vaccines have also confirmed that it is possible to impact the host-parasite relationship through vaccine-induced immune responses to multiple antigenic targets using different platforms. Other approaches have been appropriately tested but turned out to be disappointing after clinical evaluation. As the malaria community considers the potential role of a first-generation malaria vaccine in malaria control efforts, it is an apposite time to carefully document terminated and ongoing malaria vaccine research projects so that lessons learned can be applied to increase the chances of success for second-generation malaria vaccines over the next 10 years. The most comprehensive resource of malaria vaccine projects is a spreadsheet compiled by WHO thanks to the input from funding agencies, sponsors and investigators worldwide. This spreadsheet, available from WHO's website, is known as "the rainbow table". By summarizing the published and some unpublished information available for each project on the rainbow table, the most comprehensive review of malaria vaccine projects to be published in the last several years is provided below.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Schwartz
- Initiative for Vaccine Research, Department of Immunization, Vaccines & Biologicals, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211-CH 27, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
A phase 1 trial of MSP2-C1, a blood-stage malaria vaccine containing 2 isoforms of MSP2 formulated with Montanide® ISA 720. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24413. [PMID: 21949716 PMCID: PMC3176224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous Phase 1/2b malaria vaccine trial testing the 3D7 isoform of the malaria vaccine candidate Merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2), parasite densities in children were reduced by 62%. However, breakthrough parasitemias were disproportionately of the alternate dimorphic form of MSP2, the FC27 genotype. We therefore undertook a dose-escalating, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase 1 trial in healthy, malaria-naïve adults of MSP2-C1, a vaccine containing recombinant forms of the two families of msp2 alleles, 3D7 and FC27 (EcMSP2-3D7 and EcMSP2-FC27), formulated in equal amounts with Montanide® ISA 720 as a water-in-oil emulsion. Methodology/Principal Findings The trial was designed to include three dose cohorts (10, 40, and 80 µg), each with twelve subjects receiving the vaccine and three control subjects receiving Montanide® ISA 720 adjuvant emulsion alone, in a schedule of three doses at 12-week intervals. Due to unexpected local reactogenicity and concern regarding vaccine stability, the trial was terminated after the second immunisation of the cohort receiving the 40 µg dose; no subjects received the 80 µg dose. Immunization induced significant IgG responses to both isoforms of MSP2 in the 10 µg and 40 µg dose cohorts, with antibody levels by ELISA higher in the 40 µg cohort. Vaccine-induced antibodies recognised native protein by Western blots of parasite protein extracts and by immunofluorescence microscopy. Although the induced anti-MSP2 antibodies did not directly inhibit parasite growth in vitro, IgG from the majority of individuals tested caused significant antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI) of parasite growth. Conclusions/Significance As the majority of subjects vaccinated with MSP2-C1 developed an antibody responses to both forms of MSP2, and that these antibodies mediated ADCI provide further support for MSP2 as a malaria vaccine candidate. However, in view of the reactogenicity of this formulation, further clinical development of MSP2-C1 will require formulation of MSP2 in an alternative adjuvant. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 12607000552482
Collapse
|
21
|
Maestre A, Muskus C, Duque V, Agudelo O, Liu P, Takagi A, Ntumngia FB, Adams JH, Sim KL, Hoffman SL, Corradin G, Velez ID, Wang R. Acquired antibody responses against Plasmodium vivax infection vary with host genotype for duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC). PLoS One 2010; 5:e11437. [PMID: 20664684 PMCID: PMC2896388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphism of the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) is associated with susceptibility to and the severity of Plasmodium vivax malaria in humans. P. vivax uses DARC to invade erythrocytes. Individuals lacking DARC are ‘resistant’ to P. vivax erythrocytic infection. However, susceptibility to P. vivax in DARC+ individuals is reported to vary between specific DARC genotypes. We hypothesized that the natural acquisition of antibodies to P. vivax blood stages may vary with the host genotype and the level of DARC expression. Furthermore, high parasitemia has been reported to effect the acquisition of immunity against pre-erythrocytic parasites. We investigated the correlation between host DARC genotypes and the frequency and magnitude of antibodies against P. vivax erythrocytic stage antigens. Methodology/Findings We assessed the frequencies and magnitudes of antibody responses against P. vivax and P. falciparum sporozoite and erythrocytic antigens in Colombian donors from malaria-endemic regions. The frequency and level of naturally-acquired antibodies against the P. vivax erythrocytic antigens merozoite surface protein 1 (PvMSP1) and Duffy binding protein (PvDBP) varied with the host DARC genotypes. Donors with one negative allele (FY*B/FY*Bnull and FY*A/FY*Bnull) were more likely to have anti-PvMSP1 and anti-PvDBP antibodies than those with two positive alleles (FY*B/FY*B and FY*A/FY*B). The lower IgG3 and IgG1 components of the total IgG response may account for the decreased responses to P. vivax erythrocytic antigens with FY*A/FY*B and FY*B/FY*B genotypes. No such association was detected with P. falciparum erythrocytic antigens, which does not use DARC for erythrocyte invasion. Conclusion/Significance Individuals with higher DARC expression, which is associated with higher susceptibility to P. vivax infection, exhibited low frequencies and magnitudes of P. vivax blood-stage specific antibody responses. This may indicate that one of the primary mechanisms by which P. vivax evades host immunity is through DARC indirectly down-regulating humoral responses against erythrocytic invasion and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Maestre
- Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Muskus
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Victoria Duque
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Olga Agudelo
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Pu Liu
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Akihide Takagi
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - John H. Adams
- University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kim Lee Sim
- Protein Potential LLC., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ivan D. Velez
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Audran R, Lurati-Ruiz F, Genton B, Blythman HE, Ofori-Anyinam O, Reymond C, Corradin G, Spertini F. The synthetic Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite peptide PfCS102 as a malaria vaccine candidate: a randomized controlled phase I trial. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7304. [PMID: 19798415 PMCID: PMC2749339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fully efficient vaccines against malaria pre-erythrocytic stage are still lacking. The objective of this dose/adjuvant-finding study was to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a vaccine candidate based on a peptide spanning the C-terminal region of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCS102) in malaria naive adults. Methodology and Principal Findings Thirty-six healthy malaria-naive adults were randomly distributed into three dose blocks (10, 30 and 100 µg) and vaccinated with PfCS102 in combination with either Montanide ISA 720 or GSK proprietary Adjuvant System AS02A at days 0, 60, and 180. Primary end-point (safety and reactogenicity) was based on the frequency of adverse events (AE) and of abnormal biological safety tests; secondary-end point (immunogenicity) on P. falciparum specific cell-mediated immunity and antibody response before and after immunization. The two adjuvant formulations were well tolerated and their safety profile was good. Most AEs were local and, when systemic, involved mainly fatigue and headache. Half the volunteers in AS02A groups experienced severe AEs (mainly erythema). After the third injection, 34 of 35 volunteers developed anti-PfCS102 and anti-sporozoite antibodies, and 28 of 35 demonstrated T-cell proliferative responses and IFN-γ production. Five of 22 HLA-A2 and HLA-A3 volunteers displayed PfCS102 specific IFN-γ secreting CD8+ T cell responses. Responses were only marginally boosted after the 3rd vaccination and remained stable for 6 months. For both adjuvants, the dose of 10 µg was less immunogenic in comparison to 30 and 100 µg that induced similar responses. AS02A formulations with 30 µg or 100 µg PfCS102 induced about 10-folds higher antibody and IFN-γ responses than Montanide formulations. Conclusions/Significance PfCS102 peptide was safe and highly immunogenic, allowing the design of more advanced trials to test its potential for protection. Two or three immunizations with a dose of 30 µg formulated with AS02A appeared the most appropriate choice for such studies. Trial Registration Swissmedic.ch 2002 DR 1227
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Régine Audran
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Floriana Lurati-Ruiz
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blaise Genton
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, Policlinique Médicale Universitaire, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - François Spertini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Peek LJ, Middaugh CR, Berkland C. Nanotechnology in vaccine delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:915-28. [PMID: 18325628 PMCID: PMC7103321 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With very few adjuvants currently being used in marketed human vaccines, a critical need exists for novel immunopotentiators and delivery vehicles capable of eliciting humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity. Such crucial vaccine components could facilitate the development of novel vaccines for viral and parasitic infections, such as hepatitis, HIV, malaria, cancer, etc. In this review, we discuss clinical trial results for various vaccine adjuvants and delivery vehicles being developed that are approximately nanoscale (< 1000 nm) in size. Humoral immune responses have been observed for most adjuvants and delivery platforms while only viral vectors, ISCOMs and Montanide™ ISA 51 and 720 have shown cytotoxic T cell responses in the clinic. MF59 and MPL® have elicited Th1 responses, and virus-like particles, non-degradable nanoparticles and liposomes have also generated cellular immunity. Such vaccine components have also been evaluated for alternative routes of administration with clinical successes reported for intranasal delivery of viral vectors and proteosomes and oral delivery of a VLP vaccine.
Collapse
|
24
|
Grüner AC, Mauduit M, Tewari R, Romero JF, Depinay N, Kayibanda M, Lallemand E, Chavatte JM, Crisanti A, Sinnis P, Mazier D, Corradin G, Snounou G, Rénia L. Sterile protection against malaria is independent of immune responses to the circumsporozoite protein. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1371. [PMID: 18159254 PMCID: PMC2147056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research aimed at developing vaccines against infectious diseases generally seeks to induce robust immune responses to immunodominant antigens. This approach has led to a number of efficient bacterial and viral vaccines, but it has yet to do so for parasitic pathogens. For malaria, a disease of global importance due to infection by Plasmodium protozoa, immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites uniquely leads to long lasting sterile immunity against infection. The circumsporozoite protein (CSP), an important component of the sporozoite's surface, remains the leading candidate antigen for vaccines targeting the parasite's pre-erythrocytic stages. Difficulties in developing CSP-based vaccines that reproduce the levels of protection afforded by radiation-attenuated sporozoites have led us to question the role of CSP in the acquisition of sterile immunity. We have used a parasite transgenic for the CSP because it allowed us to test whether a major immunodominant Plasmodium antigen is indeed needed for the induction of sterile protective immunity against infection. Methodology/Main Findings We employed a P. berghei parasite line that expresses a heterologous CSP from P. falciparum in order to assess the role of the CSP in the protection conferred by vaccination with radiation-attenuated P. berghei parasites. Our data demonstrated that sterile immunity could be obtained despite the absence of immune responses specific to the CSP expressed by the parasite used for challenge. Conclusions We conclude that other pre-erythrocytic parasite antigens, possibly hitherto uncharacterised, can be targeted to induce sterile immunity against malaria. From a broader perspective, our results raise the question as to whether immunodominant parasite antigens should be the favoured targets for vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Charlotte Grüner
- Institut Cochin, Department of Immunology, Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Inserm, U567, Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Mauduit
- Institut Cochin, Department of Immunology, Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Inserm, U567, Paris, France
| | - Rita Tewari
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jackeline F. Romero
- Institut de Biochimie, Université de Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadya Depinay
- Institut Cochin, Department of Immunology, Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Inserm, U567, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Kayibanda
- Institut Cochin, Department of Immunology, Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Inserm, U567, Paris, France
| | - Eliette Lallemand
- Institut Cochin, Department of Immunology, Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Inserm, U567, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chavatte
- Equipe Parasitologie Comparée et Modèles Expérimentaux USM0307, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) IFR101, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Crisanti
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Photini Sinnis
- Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S511 Paris, France
- INSERM, U511, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Giampietro Corradin
- Institut de Biochimie, Université de Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georges Snounou
- Equipe Parasitologie Comparée et Modèles Expérimentaux USM0307, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) IFR101, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Institut Cochin, Department of Immunology, Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Inserm, U567, Paris, France
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Phase I trial of a CD8+ T-cell peptide epitope-based vaccine for infectious mononucleosis. J Virol 2007; 82:1448-57. [PMID: 18032491 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01409-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A single blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-center phase I clinical trial of a CD8(+) T-cell peptide epitope vaccine against infectious mononucleosis was conducted with 14 HLA B*0801-positive, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seronegative adults. The vaccine comprised the HLA B*0801-restricted peptide epitope FLRGRAYGL and tetanus toxoid formulated in a water-in-oil adjuvant, Montanide ISA 720. FLRGRAYGL-specific responses were detected in 8/9 peptide-vaccine recipients and 0/4 placebo vaccine recipients by gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assay and/or limiting-dilution analysis. The same T-cell receptor Vbeta CDR3 sequence that is found in FLRGRAYGL-specific T cells from most EBV-seropositive individuals could also be detected in the peripheral blood of vaccine recipients. The vaccine was well tolerated, with the main side effect being mild to moderate injection site reactions. After a 2- to 12-year follow-up, 1/2 placebo vaccinees who acquired EBV developed infectious mononucleosis, whereas 4/4 vaccinees who acquired EBV after completing peptide vaccination seroconverted asymptomatically. Single-epitope vaccination did not predispose individuals to disease, nor did it significantly influence development of a normal repertoire of EBV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses following seroconversion.
Collapse
|
26
|
Villard V, Agak GW, Frank G, Jafarshad A, Servis C, Nébié I, Sirima SB, Felger I, Arevalo-Herrera M, Herrera S, Heitz F, Bäcker V, Druilhe P, Kajava AV, Corradin G. Rapid identification of malaria vaccine candidates based on alpha-helical coiled coil protein motif. PLoS One 2007; 2:e645. [PMID: 17653272 PMCID: PMC1920550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify malaria antigens for vaccine development, we selected alpha-helical coiled coil domains of proteins predicted to be present in the parasite erythrocytic stage. The corresponding synthetic peptides are expected to mimic structurally "native" epitopes. Indeed the 95 chemically synthesized peptides were all specifically recognized by human immune sera, though at various prevalence. Peptide specific antibodies were obtained both by affinity-purification from malaria immune sera and by immunization of mice. These antibodies did not show significant cross reactions, i.e., they were specific for the original peptide, reacted with native parasite proteins in infected erythrocytes and several were active in inhibiting in vitro parasite growth. Circular dichroism studies indicated that the selected peptides assumed partial or high alpha-helical content. Thus, we demonstrate that the bioinformatics/chemical synthesis approach described here can lead to the rapid identification of molecules which target biologically active antibodies, thus identifying suitable vaccine candidates. This strategy can be, in principle, extended to vaccine discovery in a wide range of other pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Villard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George W. Agak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Catherine Servis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Issa Nébié
- Centre National de Recherche et Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sodiomon B. Sirima
- Centre National de Recherche et Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Frederic Heitz
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Volker Bäcker
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Giampietro Corradin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Calvo-Calle JM, Oliveira GA, Watta CO, Soverow J, Parra-Lopez C, Nardin EH. A linear peptide containing minimal T- and B-cell epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein elicits protection against transgenic sporozoite challenge. Infect Immun 2006; 74:6929-39. [PMID: 17030584 PMCID: PMC1698101 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01151-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective malaria vaccine is needed to address the public health tragedy resulting from the high levels of morbidity and mortality caused by Plasmodium parasites. The first protective immune mechanism identified in the irradiated sporozoite vaccine, the "gold standard" for malaria preerythrocytic vaccines, was sporozoite-neutralizing antibody specific for the repeat region of the surface circumsporozoite (CS) protein. Previous phase I studies demonstrated that a branched peptide containing minimal T- and B-cell epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum CS protein elicited antirepeat antibody and CD4(+)-T-cell responses comparable to those observed in volunteers immunized with irradiated P. falciparum sporozoites. The current study compares the immunogenicity of linear versus tetrabranched peptides containing the same minimal T- and B-cell epitopes, T1BT*, comprised of a CS-derived universal Th epitope (T*) synthesized in tandem with the T1 and B repeats of P. falciparum CS protein. A simple 48-mer linear synthetic peptide was found to elicit antisporozoite antibody and gamma interferon-secreting T-cell responses comparable to the more complex tetrabranched peptides in inbred strains of mice. The linear peptide was also immunogenic in outbred nonhuman primates (Aotus nancymaae), eliciting antibody titers equivalent to those induced by tetrabranched peptides. Importantly, the 48-mer linear peptide administered in adjuvants suitable for human use elicited antibody-mediated protection against challenge with rodent malaria transgenic sporozoites expressing P. falciparum CS repeats. These findings support further evaluation of linear peptides as economical, safe, and readily produced malaria vaccines for the one-third of the world's population at risk of malaria infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mauricio Calvo-Calle
- Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Audran R, Cachat M, Lurati F, Soe S, Leroy O, Corradin G, Druilhe P, Spertini F. Phase I malaria vaccine trial with a long synthetic peptide derived from the merozoite surface protein 3 antigen. Infect Immun 2005; 73:8017-26. [PMID: 16299295 PMCID: PMC1307056 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.12.8017-8026.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2004] [Revised: 08/15/2004] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-terminal conserved region of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) is the trigger antigen of a protective immune response mediated by cytophilic antibodies. In an open, randomized, two-adjuvant (Montanide ISA 720, aluminum hydroxide) phase I clinical trial we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of increasing doses of a long synthetic peptide construct spanning the conserved region of MSP3 targeted by biologically active antibodies (MSP3-LSP). Thirty-five healthy volunteers were randomized to receive three subcutaneous injections on days 0, 30, and 120. Of the 100 injections given, 10 caused severe local reactions, 62 caused transient mild to moderate local reactions, and 28 caused no reaction. On the basis of preestablished exclusion criteria, use of the Montanide formulation led to withdrawal of five volunteers after the second injection. This led to a reduction in the subsequent vaccine doses in four of the groups. No vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred throughout the trial. After the third injection, volunteers displayed a marked specific anti-MSP3-LSP antibody response (23/30 individuals, compared with 29/34 individuals for plasma from an area where malaria is endemic), an anti-native MSP3 antibody response (19/30 individuals), a T-cell-antigen-specific proliferative response (26/30 individuals), and gamma interferon production (25/30 individuals). In conclusion, the MSP3-LSP vaccine was immunogenic with both adjuvants, although it was unacceptably reactogenic when it was combined with Montanide. The potential usefulness of the candidate vaccine is supported by the induction of a strong cytophilic response (i.e., the type of anti-MSP3 antibodies involved in antibody-dependent, monocyte-mediated protective mechanisms in areas where malaria is endemic).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Régine Audran
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, BH-19, Rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Oliveira GA, Wetzel K, Calvo-Calle JM, Nussenzweig R, Schmidt A, Birkett A, Dubovsky F, Tierney E, Gleiter CH, Boehmer G, Luty AJF, Ramharter M, Thornton GB, Kremsner PG, Nardin EH. Safety and enhanced immunogenicity of a hepatitis B core particle Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine formulated in adjuvant Montanide ISA 720 in a phase I trial. Infect Immun 2005; 73:3587-97. [PMID: 15908388 PMCID: PMC1111818 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.6.3587-3597.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly purified subunit vaccines require potent adjuvants in order to elicit optimal immune responses. In a previous phase I trial, an alum formulation of ICC-1132, a malaria vaccine candidate comprising hepatitis B core (HBc) virus-like particle containing Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein epitopes, was shown to elicit Plasmodium falciparum-specific antibody and cellular responses. The present study was designed as a single-blind, escalating-dose phase I trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of single intramuscular doses of ICC-1132 formulated in the more potent water-in-oil adjuvant Montanide ISA 720 (ICC-1132/ISA 720). The vaccine was safe and well tolerated, with transient injection site pain as the most frequent complaint. All vaccinees that received either 20 mug or 50 mug of ICC-1132/ISA 720 developed antiimmunogen and anti-HBc antibodies. The majority of volunteers in these two groups developed sporozoite-specific antibodies, predominantly of opsonizing immunoglobulin G subtypes. Peak titers and persistence of parasite-specific antibody following a single injection of the ISA 720 formulated vaccine were comparable to those obtained following two to three immunizations with alum-adsorbed ICC-1132. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ICC-1132/ISA 720 vaccinees proliferated and released cytokines (interleukin 2 and gamma interferon) when stimulated with recombinant P. falciparum CS protein, and CS-specific CD4(+) T-cell lines were established from volunteers with high levels of antibodies to the repeat region. The promising results obtained with a single dose of ICC-1132 formulated in Montanide ISA 720 encourage further clinical development of this malaria vaccine candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giane A Oliveira
- Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Birkett A, Lyons K, Schmidt A, Boyd D, Oliveira GA, Siddique A, Nussenzweig R, Calvo-Calle JM, Nardin E. A modified hepatitis B virus core particle containing multiple epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein provides a highly immunogenic malaria vaccine in preclinical analyses in rodent and primate hosts. Infect Immun 2002; 70:6860-70. [PMID: 12438363 PMCID: PMC133050 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.12.6860-6870.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2002] [Revised: 07/13/2002] [Accepted: 08/24/2002] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive public health efforts, there are presently 200 to 400 million malaria infections and 1 to 2 million deaths each year due to the Plasmodium parasite. A prime target for malaria vaccine development is the circumsporozoite (CS) protein, which is expressed on the extracellular sporozoite and the intracellular hepatic stages of the parasite. Previous studies in rodent malaria models have shown that CS repeat B-cell epitopes expressed in a recombinant hepatitis B virus core (HBc) protein can elicit protective immunity. To design a vaccine for human use, a series of recombinant HBc proteins containing epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum CS protein were assayed for immunogenicity in mice [A. Birkett, B. Thornton, D. Milich, G. A. Oliveira, A. Siddique, R. Nussenzweig, J. M. Calvo-Calle, and E. H. Nardin, abstract from the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2001, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 65(Suppl. 3):258, 2001; D. R. Milich, J. Hughes, J. Jones, M. Sallberg, and T. R. Phillips, Vaccine 20:771-788, 2001]. The present paper summarizes preclinical analyses of the optimal P. falciparum HBc vaccine candidate, termed ICC-1132, which contains T- and B-cell epitopes from the repeat region and a universal T-cell epitope from the C terminus of the CS protein. The vaccine was highly immunogenic in mice and in Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus) monkeys. When formulated in adjuvants suitable for human use, the vaccine elicited antisporozoite antibody titers that were logs higher than those obtained in previous studies. Human malaria-specific CD4(+)-T-cell clones and T cells of ICC-1132-immunized mice specifically recognized malaria T-cell epitopes contained in the vaccine. In addition to inducing strong malaria-specific immune responses in naïve hosts, ICC-1132 elicited potent anamnestic antibody responses in mice primed with P. falciparum sporozoites, suggesting potential efficacy in enhancing the sporozoite-primed immune responses of individuals living in areas where malaria is endemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Birkett
- Apovia Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|