1
|
Rana M, Vega Gonzales-Portillo JD, Hahn C, Dutt M, Sanchez-Fernandez I, Jonas R, Douglass L, Torres AR. Current Evidence: Seizures in Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGANs). J Child Neurol 2024:8830738241259052. [PMID: 38836290 DOI: 10.1177/08830738241259052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) are born at or below 28 weeks of gestational age. Despite improved obstetric care, the incidence of preterm birth continues to rise in advanced countries. Preterm birth remains a major cause of infant mortality, and for infants who survive, neonatal seizures are a significant predictor of later neurologic morbidity. However, little is known about risk factors for neonatal seizures in ELGANs. Understanding the association between neonatal seizures and the development of other neurologic disorders is important given the increasing prevalence of ELGANs. Identifying risk factors that contribute to the development of neonatal seizures in ELGANs may offer insights into novel mechanisms of epileptogenesis in the developing brain and improvements in the prevention or treatment of seizures in preterm infants, including ELGANs. In this literature review, we outline the limitations of epidemiologic studies of neonatal seizures in ELGANs and discuss risk factors for neonatal seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Rana
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan Diego Vega Gonzales-Portillo
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecil Hahn
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Monideep Dutt
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta: Pediatric Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ivan Sanchez-Fernandez
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rinat Jonas
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie Douglass
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alcy R Torres
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han Y, Hao G, Wang Z, Wang C, Qi X, Liang G, Li X. Association between serum apolipoprotein E and cognitive function in Chinese patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 154:109750. [PMID: 38552413 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of serum apolipoprotein E (APOE) levels on cognitive function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS Clinical data were collected from 190 subjects including 110 TLE patients and 80 healthy people. Cognitive function was assessed using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) scale. Serum levels of APOE were measured using ELISA kits. Genotyping of APOE in peripheral blood was detected by microarray hybridization. RESULTS Patients with TLE had significantly lower ACE-R total score, memory and verbal fluency scores compared to the healthy group. Serum levels of APOE were significantly higher in TLE patients than in the healthy subjects. Serum APOE levels were significantly negatively correlated with ACE-R total score, memory and verbal fluency scores. The cognitive function score of TLE with APOE ε4 allele was lower than that of TLE without APOE ε4 allele. SIGNIFICANCE Our study showed that serum APOE levels were higher in TLE patients than in the healthy population. And serum APOE levels were associated with cognitive dysfunction in TLE patients. APOE ε4 allele carriers have poor cognitive function in TLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Han
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Guangzhi Hao
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong Y, Zhang X, Wang Y. Interleukins in Epilepsy: Friend or Foe. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:635-657. [PMID: 38265567 PMCID: PMC11127910 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with recurrent unprovoked seizures, affecting ~ 65 million worldwide. Evidence in patients with epilepsy and animal models suggests a contribution of neuroinflammation to epileptogenesis and the development of epilepsy. Interleukins (ILs), as one of the major contributors to neuroinflammation, are intensively studied for their association and modulatory effects on ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. ILs are commonly divided into pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and therefore are expected to be pathogenic or neuroprotective in epilepsy. However, both protective and destructive effects have been reported for many ILs. This may be due to the complex nature of ILs, and also possibly due to the different disease courses that those ILs are involved in. In this review, we summarize the contributions of different ILs in those processes and provide a current overview of recent research advances, as well as preclinical and clinical studies targeting ILs in the treatment of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gong B, Li M, Wang Z, Hao G, Sun L, Zhang J, Yuan L. Integrated analysis of circRNA- related ceRNA network targeting neuroinflammation in medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res Bull 2024; 209:110908. [PMID: 38402995 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND medial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is among the most common types of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) ,it is generally resistant to drug treatment, which significantly impacts the quality of life and treatment. Research on novel therapeutic approaches for mTLE has become a current focus. Our study aims to construct and analyze a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network that targets neuroinflammation using publicly available data, which may offer a novel therapeutic approach for mTLE. METHODS we utilized the R package to analyze GSE186334 downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, subsequently constructing and identifying hub network within the ceRNA network using public databases. Lastly, we validated the expressions and interactions of some nodes within the hub ceRNA network in Sombati cell model. RESULTS our transcriptome analysis identified 649 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs (273 up-regulated, 376 down-regulated) and 36 DE circRNAs (11 up-regulated, 25 down-regulated) among mTLE patients. A total of 23 candidate DE mRNAs associated with neuroinflammation were screened, and two ceRNA networks were constructed. A hub network was further screened which included 3 mRNAs, 22 miRNAs, and 11 circRNAs. Finally, we confirmed the hsa-miR-149-5p is crucial in the regulatory effect of hsa_circ_0005145 on IL - 1α in the hub network. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study identified a hub ceRNA network and validated a potential circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis targeting neuroinflammation. The results of our research may serve as a potential therapeutic target for mTLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzheng Gong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Mian Li
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Ziru Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Gulingyue Hao
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Liang Sun
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Jingjun Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Liangjie Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Panina YS, Domoratskaya EA, Paramonova AI, Dmitrenko DV. Study of the role of carriage of single nucleotide variants of the IL-1β, TNFA, BDNF, NTRK-2 genes in the development and clinical features of temporal lobe epilepsy. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2022-5-28-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy in adults with a high rate of drug-resistant course. In the Russian Federation studies of the contribution of the carriage of single nucleotide variants of genes (SNGs) encoding proteins of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration to the development of TE have not been previously carried out.Objective: to study the association of SNGs rs16944 and rs1143634 of the IL-1β gene, rs1800629 of the TNFA gene, rs6265 of the BDNF gene, rs3780645 of the NTRK-2 gene with the risk of development, clinical and neuroimaging features of TE.Patients and methods. The study included 166 patients with TE and 203 healthy volunteers living in the Siberian Federal District. The study included clinical, neurophysiological, neuroradiological, and laboratory work-up. Investigation of the carriage of SNGs rs16944 (-511T/C) and rs1143634 (+3954C/T) of the IL-1β gene, rs1800629 (G-308A) of the TNFA gene, rs6265 (G/A) of the BDNF gene, rs3780645 (C/T) and rs2289656 (C/T) of the NTRK-2 gene was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results and discussion. The prognostically unfavorable role of carriage of the A allele and the GA rs1800629 genotype of the TNFA gene in the development of TE, the GA rs6265 genotype of the BDNF gene in the development of TE with hippocampal sclerosis was established. Carrying the genotype AA rs1800629 of the TNFA gene in patients with TE reduces the risk of polytherapy with antiepileptic drugs.Conclusion. The study of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration processes is important both from a physiological point of view and from the point of view of searching for the TE development markers, which make it possible to predict and evaluate the rate of disease progression, help to determine the tactics of treatment, and evaluate its effectiveness. In this regard, at present, the identification of potential genetic markers remains a task of high priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu. S. Panina
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk Medical State University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. A. Domoratskaya
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk Medical State University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. I. Paramonova
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk Medical State University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - D. V. Dmitrenko
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk Medical State University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Harris SA, George AG, Barrett KT, Scantlebury MH, Teskey GC. Febrile seizures lead to prolonged epileptiform activity and hyperoxia that when blocked prevents learning deficits. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2650-2663. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.17371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney A. Harris
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Antis G. George
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Karlene T. Barrett
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Morris H. Scantlebury
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - G. Campbell Teskey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shibata A, Kasai M, Hoshino A, Mizuguchi M. Association of IL-1B rs16944 Polymorphism With Acute Encephalopathy With Biphasic Seizures and Late Reduced Diffusion Is Opposite to That of Febrile Seizures. Front Neurol 2022; 13:891721. [PMID: 35707033 PMCID: PMC9189392 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.891721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveAcute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is a severe neurologic complication of febrile infectious diseases in children. At the onset, AESD is clinically manifested as febrile status epilepticus. Subsequent damage to the cerebral cortex is ascribed to neurotoxicity. The incidence of AESD is remarkably high in Japan, suggesting the involvement of genetic factors. The expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), a member of the cytokine family involved in the inflammatory response, is reportedly associated with rs16944, a polymorphism in the upstream region of the IL-1B gene, being higher in TT genotype. Previous association studies of rs16944 with febrile seizures (FS) have demonstrated a significant excess in the TT vs. CC + CT genotype in the Asian population. Here, we conducted a case-control association study of rs16944 in AESD.MethodsWe genotyped rs16944 by Sanger sequencing on 283 patients with AESD. As controls, we used genotyping data of 104 Japanese individuals obtained from the 1,000 Genomes Project. Then, we performed a case-control association study using the chi-square test.ResultsThe ratio of individuals with TT vs. those with CC+CT genotype was significantly lower in AESD than in the controls [p-value 0.021, Odds Ratio (OR) 0.52]. This finding was opposite to that of a previously reported FS.ConclusionThe AESD has a genetic background distinct from FS and is not a severe type of FS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Shibata
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akiko Shibata
| | - Mariko Kasai
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Hoshino
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuguchi
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Rehabilitation Center for Children With Disabilities, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Campos-Bedolla P, Feria-Romero I, Orozco-Suárez S. Factors not considered in the study of drug-resistant epilepsy: Drug-resistant epilepsy: assessment of neuroinflammation. Epilepsia Open 2022; 7 Suppl 1:S68-S80. [PMID: 35247028 PMCID: PMC9340302 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than one‐third of people with epilepsy develop drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of DRE. Accumulating evidence suggests the contribution of neuroinflammation, modifications in the integrity of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), and altered immune responses in the pathophysiology of DRE. The inflammatory response is mainly due to the increase of cytokines and related molecules; these molecules have neuromodulatory effects that contribute to hyperexcitability in neural networks that cause seizure generation. Some patients with DRE display the presence of autoantibodies in the serum and mainly cerebrospinal fluid. These patients are refractory to the different treatments with standard antiseizure medications (ASMs), and they could be responding well to immunomodulatory therapies. This observation emphasizes that the etiopathogenesis of DRE is involved with immunology responses and associated long‐term events and chronic inflammation processes. Furthermore, multiple studies have shown that functional polymorphisms as risk factors are involved in inflammation processes. Several relevant polymorphisms could be considered risk factors involved in inflammation‐related DRE such as receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β). All these evidences sustained the hypothesis that the chronic inflammation process is associated with the DRE. However, the effect of the chronic inflammation process should be investigated in further clinical studies to promote the development of novel therapeutics useful in treatment of DRE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Campos-Bedolla
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Iris Feria-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Esih K, Goričar K, Soltirovska-Šalamon A, Dolžan V, Rener-Primec Z. Genetic Polymorphisms, Gene-Gene Interactions and Neurologic Sequelae at Two Years Follow-Up in Newborns with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Treated with Hypothermia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091495. [PMID: 34573127 PMCID: PMC8465839 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury may be modified by genetic variability in addition to therapeutic hypothermia. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between the polymorphisms in genes of antioxidant and inflammatory pathways in newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia and the development of epilepsy or CP at two years follow-up. The DNA of 55 subjects was isolated from buccal swabs. Genotyping using competitive allele-specific PCR was performed for polymorphisms in antioxidant (SOD2 rs4880, CAT rs1001179, GPX1 rs1050450) and inflammatory (NLRP3 rs35829419, CARD8 rs2043211, IL1B rs1143623, IL1B rs16944, IL1B rs10716 76, TNF rs1800629) pathways. Polymorphic CARD8 rs2043211 T allele was less frequent in patients with epilepsy, but the association was not statistically significant. The interaction between CARD8 rs2043211 and IL1B rs16944 was associated with epilepsy after HIE: CARD8 rs2043211 was associated with lower epilepsy risk, but only in carriers of two normal IL1B rs16944 alleles (ORadj = 0.03 95% CI = 0.00–0.55; padj = 0.019). Additionally, IL1B rs16944 was associated with higher epilepsy risk only in carriers of at least one polymorphic CARD8 rs2043211 (ORadj = 13.33 95% CI = 1.07–166.37; padj = 0.044). Our results suggest that gene–gene interaction in inflammation pathways might contribute to the severity of brain injury in newborns with HIE treated with therapeutic hypothermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Esih
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.G.); (V.D.)
| | - Aneta Soltirovska-Šalamon
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Neonatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.G.); (V.D.)
| | - Zvonka Rener-Primec
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-522-9302
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Multi-omics in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: Clues into the underlying mechanisms leading to disease. Seizure 2021; 90:34-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
11
|
Xu C, Zhang S, Gong Y, Nao J, Shen Y, Tan B, Xu S, Cui S, Ruan Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen Z. Subicular Caspase-1 Contributes to Pharmacoresistance in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:377-390. [PMID: 34288031 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unidentified mechanisms largely restrict the viability of effective therapies in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Our previous study revealed that hyperactivity of the subiculum is crucial for the genesis of pharmacoresistance in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. METHODS Here, we examined the role of subicular caspase-1, a key neural pro-inflammatory enzyme, in pharmacoresistant TLE. RESULTS We found that the expression of activated caspase-1 in the subiculum, but not the CA1, was upregulated in pharmacoresistant amygdaloid-kindled rats. Early overexpression of caspase-1 in the subiculum was sufficient to induce pharmacoresistant TLE in rats, whereas genetic ablation of caspase-1 interfered with the genesis of pharmacoresistant TLE in both kindled rats and kainic acid-treated mice. The pro-pharmacoresistance effect of subicular caspase-1 was mediated by its downstream inflammasome-dependent interleukin-1β. Further electrophysiological results showed that inhibiting caspase-1 decreased the excitability of subicular pyramidal neurons through influencing the excitation/inhibition balance of presynaptic input. Importantly, a small molecular caspase-1 inhibitor CZL80 attenuated seizures in pharmacoresistant TLE models, and decreased the neuronal excitability in the brain slices obtained from patients with pharmacoresistant TLE. INTERPRETATION These results support the subicular caspase-1-interleukin-1β inflammatory pathway as a novel alternative mechanism hypothesis for pharmacoresistant TLE, and present caspase-1 as a potential target. ANN NEUROL 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cenglin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Gong
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhen Nao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Shen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuheng Xu
- Department of Pharmachemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Department of Pharmachemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Epilepsy Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
CARD8 and IL1B Polymorphisms Influence MRI Brain Patterns in Newborns with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Treated with Hypothermia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010096. [PMID: 33445495 PMCID: PMC7826682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are recognized as important contributors of brain injury in newborns due to a perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult. Genetic variability in these pathways could influence the response to HI and the outcome of brain injury. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes involved in inflammation and response to oxidative stress on brain injury in newborns after perinatal HI insult based on the severity and pattern of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The DNA of 44 subjects was isolated from buccal swabs. Genotyping was performed for NLRP3 rs35829419, CARD8 rs2043211, IL1B rs16944, IL1B rs1143623, IL1B rs1071676, TNF rs1800629, CAT rs1001179, SOD2 rs4880, and GPX1 rs1050450. Polymorphism in CARD8 was found to be protective against HI brain injury detected by MRI overall findings. Polymorphisms in IL1B were associated with posterior limb of internal capsule, basal ganglia, and white matter brain patterns determined by MRI. Our results suggest a possible association between genetic variability in inflammation- and antioxidant-related pathways and the severity of brain injury after HI insult in newborns.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sawires R, Buttery J, Fahey M. A Review of Febrile Seizures: Recent Advances in Understanding of Febrile Seizure Pathophysiology and Commonly Implicated Viral Triggers. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:801321. [PMID: 35096712 PMCID: PMC8793886 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.801321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures are one of the commonest presentations in young children, with a 2-5% incidence in Western countries. Though they are generally benign, with rare long-term sequelae, there is much to be learned about their pathophysiology and risk factors. Febrile seizures are propagated by a variety of genetic and environmental factors, including viruses and vaccines. These factors must be taken into consideration by a clinician aiming to assess, diagnose and treat a child presenting with fevers and seizures, as well as to explain the sequelae of the febrile seizures to the concerned parents of the child. Our article provides an overview of this common childhood condition, outlining both the underlying mechanisms and the appropriate clinical approach to a child presenting with febrile seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Sawires
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jim Buttery
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Child Health Informatics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Fahey
- Department of Neurology, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Neurogenetics Department, Monash Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chaves J, Martins-Ferreira R, Ferreira AM, Brás S, Carvalho C, Bettencourt A, Samões R, Monteiro F, Freitas J, Chorão R, Lopes J, Ramalheira J, da Silva BM, Costa PP, da Silva AM, Leal B. Immunogenetic protective factors in Genetic Generalized Epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2020; 166:106396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Rawat C, Kukal S, Dahiya UR, Kukreti R. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors: future therapeutic strategies for epilepsy management. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:197. [PMID: 31666079 PMCID: PMC6822425 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, a common multifactorial neurological disease, affects about 69 million people worldwide constituting nearly 1% of the world population. Despite decades of extensive research on understanding its underlying mechanism and developing the pharmacological treatment, very little is known about the biological alterations leading to epileptogenesis. Due to this gap, the currently available antiepileptic drug therapy is symptomatic in nature and is ineffective in 30% of the cases. Mounting evidences revealed the pathophysiological role of neuroinflammation in epilepsy which has shifted the focus of epilepsy researchers towards the development of neuroinflammation-targeted therapeutics for epilepsy management. Markedly increased expression of key inflammatory mediators in the brain and blood-brain barrier may affect neuronal function and excitability and thus may increase seizure susceptibility in preclinical and clinical settings. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme synthesizing the proinflammatory mediators, prostaglandins, has widely been reported to be induced during seizures and is considered to be a potential neurotherapeutic target for epilepsy management. However, the efficacy of such therapy involving COX-2 inhibition depends on various factors viz., therapeutic dose, time of administration, treatment duration, and selectivity of COX-2 inhibitors. This article reviews the preclinical and clinical evidences supporting the role of COX-2 in seizure-associated neuroinflammation in epilepsy and the potential clinical use of COX-2 inhibitors as a future strategy for epilepsy treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Rawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India
| | - Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India
| | - Ujjwal Ranjan Dahiya
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tripathy AS, Ganu MA, Sonam L, Alagarasu K, Walimbe AM, Thanapati S, Gupta P, Puranik S. Association of IL1RN VNTR polymorphism with chikungunya infection: A study from Western India. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1901-1908. [PMID: 31294845 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya, caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) mostly presents as acute and chronic articular inflammatory manifestations. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) is a potent endogenous competitive inhibitor of IL-1α and 1β and has an anti-inflammatory role. The present study evaluated the possible association of IL1RN variable number tandem-repeat (VNTR) alleles and genotypes, and CHIKV stimulated IL-1RN cytokine production with resistance and/or susceptibility to chikungunya infection and disease state in 224 patients with chikungunya (61 patients with acute chikungunya and 163 patients with chronic chikungunya) and 355 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction, CHIKV stimulated cytokine assay and luminex platform were used for assessing polymorphism and protein levels respectively. The study revealed a significant association of IL1RN*1/*1 genotype under recessive genetic model with the risk of developing chikungunya infection. Our findings also indicated that IL1RN *2 allele under dominant mode was associated with protection to chronic chikungunya. The results also revealed a higher production of IL-1 RN protein in patients with chronic chikungunya. To conclude, the results suggest the association of ILRN VNTR polymorphism and IL-RN protein levels with chronic chikungunya.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha S Tripathy
- Hepatitis Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Lata Sonam
- Hepatitis Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Alagarasu
- Degue/Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul M Walimbe
- Bioinformatics & Data Management Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subrat Thanapati
- Hepatitis Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Hepatitis Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shaila Puranik
- Department of Pathology, B.J. Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cavalli G, Dinarello CA. Anakinra Therapy for Non-cancer Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1157. [PMID: 30459597 PMCID: PMC6232613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the prototypical inflammatory cytokine: two distinct ligands (IL-1α and IL-1β) bind the IL-1 type 1 receptor (IL-1R1) and induce a myriad of secondary inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and chemokines. IL-1α is constitutively present in endothelial and epithelial cells, whereas IL-1β is inducible in myeloid cells and released following cleavage by caspase-1. Over the past 30 years, IL-1-mediated inflammation has been established in a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from rare autoinflammatory diseases to common conditions such as gout and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and acute myocardial infarction. Blocking IL-1 entered the clinical arena with anakinra, the recombinant form of the naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra); IL-1Ra prevents the binding of IL-1α as well as IL-1β to IL-1R1. Quenching IL-1-mediated inflammation prevents the detrimental consequences of tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Although anakinra is presently approved for the treatment of RA and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, off-label use of anakinra far exceeds its approved indications. Dosing of 100 mg of anakinra subcutaneously provides clinically evident benefits within days and for some diseases, anakinra has been used daily for over 12 years. Compared to other biologics, anakinra has an unparalleled record of safety: opportunistic infections, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are rare even in populations at risk for reactivation of latent infections. Because of this excellent safety profile and relative short duration of action, anakinra can also be used as a diagnostic tool for undefined diseases mediated by IL-1. Although anakinra is presently in clinical trials to treat cancer, this review focuses on anakinra treatment of acute as well as chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cavalli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Background Autoinflammatory diseases are distinct from autoimmune diseases. Whereas autoinflammatory diseases are due to dysfunctional T-cells and B-cells, autoinflammatory diseases are due to overproduction of macrophage cytokines particularly interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). A causative role for IL-1 in autoinflammatory diseases is derived from clinical studies blocking the IL-1 receptor or neutralizing monoclonal antibodies or soluble receptors. Methods A review was performed of clinical trials in autoinflammatory diseases using the IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra), the soluble IL-1 receptor (rilonacept), antibodies to IL-1β (canakinumab, gevokizumab) and anti-IL-1α (xilonix). Findings Anakinra blocks the IL-1 Receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) and therefore blocks the activities of both IL-1α and IL-1β. Off-label use of anakinra is common for a broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases. Neutralization of IL-1β is used to treat hereditary autoinflammatory diseases but also atherosclerosis. Rilonacept reduces arterial wall inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Neutralization of IL-1α has prolonged life in patients with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer. Compared to other cytokine blocking therapies, reducing the activities of IL-1 has an excellent safety record. Conclusions Blocking IL-1 therapies can be used to treat a wide-spectrum of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ślebioda Z, Kowalska A, Rozmiarek M, Krawiecka E, Szponar E, Dorocka-Bobkowska B. The absence of an association between Interleukin 1β gene polymorphisms and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:45-49. [PMID: 28942153 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic, ulcerative disease with a probable polygenic mode of inheritance and complex etiology with a strong immunological background. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-1β gene: IL-1β-511 T>C (rs16944) and IL-1β+3954C>T (rs1143634) and RAS susceptibility in a moderately large group of patients. DESIGN One hundred and four patients with minor, major and herpetiform RAS and 75 healthy volunteers were genotyped at IL-1β-511 T>C (rs16944) and IL-1β+3954C>T (rs1143634) using the PCR-RFLP approach. The results were statistically analysed with chi-square test and test of difference between two rates of structure, with p<0.05 assumed to be a statistically significance level (Statistica 10, StatSoft®, Kraków, Poland). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the genotype distribution for the IL-1β C[+3954]T polymorphism between the RAS and control groups. The frequency of IL-1β*T[-511]/*T[-511] homozygotes among the patients was significantly higher when compared to our study control (p<0.0347). The results after stratification into carriers and non-carriers of C and T alleles did not clearly indicate which SNP may be considered a risk factor for RAS. CONCLUSIONS The genetic association between the studied SNPs of the IL-1β gene and RAS remains controversial and requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Ślebioda
- Department of Oral Mucosa Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Kowalska
- Department of Nucleic Acids Function, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Rozmiarek
- Department of Nucleic Acids Function, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Krawiecka
- Department of Oral Mucosa Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szponar
- Department of Oral Mucosa Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Leal B, Chaves J, Carvalho C, Bettencourt A, Brito C, Boleixa D, Freitas J, Brás S, Lopes J, Ramalheira J, Costa PP, da Silva BM, da Silva AM. Immunogenetic predisposing factors for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2017; 128:305-310. [PMID: 28675059 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1349122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroinflammation appears as an important epileptogenic mechanism. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated an upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α, in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS). Expression of these cytokines can be modulated by polymorphisms such as rs16944 and rs1800629, respectively, both of which have been associated with febrile seizures (FS) and MTLE-HS development. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system has also been implicated in diverse epileptic entities, suggesting a variable role of this system in epilepsy. Our aim was to analyse the association between immunogenetic factors and MTLE-HS development. For that rs16944 (-511 T>C, IL-1β), rs1800629 (-308 G>A, TNF-α) polymorphisms and HLA-DRB1 locus were genotyped in a Portuguese Population. METHODS We studied 196 MTLE-HS patients (108 females, 88 males, 44.7 ± 12.0 years, age of onset = 13.6 ± 10.3 years, 104 with FS antecedents) and 282 healthy controls in a case-control study. RESULTS The frequency of rs16944 TT genotype was higher in MTLE-HS patients compared to controls (14.9% in MTLE-HS vs. 7.7% in controls, p = 0.021, OR [95% CI] = 2.20 [1.13-4.30]). This association was independent of FS antecedents. No association was observed between rs1800629 genotypes or HLA-DRB1 alleles and MTLE-HS susceptibility. Also, no correlation was observed between the studied polymorphisms and disease age of onset. CONCLUSION The rs16944 TT genotype is associated with MTLE-HS development what may be explained by the higher IL-1β levels produced by this genotype. High IL-1β levels may have neurotoxic effects or imbalance neurotransmission leading to seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Leal
- a UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS] - Universidade do Porto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal.,b Lab. Imunogenética - DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal
| | - João Chaves
- c Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto - Largo Prof. Abel Salazar , Porto , Portugal
| | - Cláudia Carvalho
- a UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS] - Universidade do Porto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal.,b Lab. Imunogenética - DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal
| | - Andreia Bettencourt
- a UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS] - Universidade do Porto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal.,b Lab. Imunogenética - DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal
| | - Cláudia Brito
- b Lab. Imunogenética - DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal
| | - Daniela Boleixa
- b Lab. Imunogenética - DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal
| | - Joel Freitas
- c Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto - Largo Prof. Abel Salazar , Porto , Portugal
| | - Sandra Brás
- b Lab. Imunogenética - DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal
| | - João Lopes
- d Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto - Largo Prof. Abel Salazar , Porto , Portugal
| | - João Ramalheira
- d Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto - Largo Prof. Abel Salazar , Porto , Portugal
| | - Paulo P Costa
- a UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS] - Universidade do Porto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal.,e Departamento de Genética , Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge - Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Berta Martins da Silva
- a UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS] - Universidade do Porto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal.,b Lab. Imunogenética - DPIM, ICBAS-UPorto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal
| | - António Martins da Silva
- a UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS] - Universidade do Porto - Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira , Porto , Portugal.,d Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto - Largo Prof. Abel Salazar , Porto , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pitkänen A, Löscher W, Vezzani A, Becker AJ, Simonato M, Lukasiuk K, Gröhn O, Bankstahl JP, Friedman A, Aronica E, Gorter JA, Ravizza T, Sisodiya SM, Kokaia M, Beck H. Advances in the development of biomarkers for epilepsy. Lancet Neurol 2017; 15:843-856. [PMID: 27302363 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy. In nearly 30% of these cases, epilepsy remains unsatisfactorily controlled despite the availability of over 20 antiepileptic drugs. Moreover, no treatments exist to prevent the development of epilepsy in those at risk, despite an increasing understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular pathways. One of the major factors that have impeded rapid progress in these areas is the complex and multifactorial nature of epilepsy, and its heterogeneity. Therefore, the vision of developing targeted treatments for epilepsy relies upon the development of biomarkers that allow individually tailored treatment. Biomarkers for epilepsy typically fall into two broad categories: diagnostic biomarkers, which provide information on the clinical status of, and potentially the sensitivity to, specific treatments, and prognostic biomarkers, which allow prediction of future clinical features, such as the speed of progression, severity of epilepsy, development of comorbidities, or prediction of remission or cure. Prognostic biomarkers are of particular importance because they could be used to identify which patients will develop epilepsy and which might benefit from preventive treatments. Biomarker research faces several challenges; however, biomarkers could substantially improve the management of people with epilepsy and could lead to prevention in the right person at the right time, rather than just symptomatic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asla Pitkänen
- Department of Neurobiology, A I Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-Istituto di Recerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Albert J Becker
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michele Simonato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Unit of Gene Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Division of Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Lukasiuk
- The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olli Gröhn
- Department of Neurobiology, A I Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jens P Bankstahl
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Jan A Gorter
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teresa Ravizza
- Department of Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-Istituto di Recerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Merab Kokaia
- Epilepsy Center, Experimental Epilepsy Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Heinz Beck
- Laboratory for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Immuno-epileptology. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:845-847. [PMID: 28468517 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1327351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- a Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b MetaCognition Interest Group (MCIG) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- a Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,c Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Webster KM, Sun M, Crack P, O'Brien TJ, Shultz SR, Semple BD. Inflammation in epileptogenesis after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:10. [PMID: 28086980 PMCID: PMC5237206 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is a common and debilitating consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Seizures contribute to progressive neurodegeneration and poor functional and psychosocial outcomes for TBI survivors, and epilepsy after TBI is often resistant to existing anti-epileptic drugs. The development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) occurs in a complex neurobiological environment characterized by ongoing TBI-induced secondary injury processes. Neuroinflammation is an important secondary injury process, though how it contributes to epileptogenesis, and the development of chronic, spontaneous seizure activity, remains poorly understood. A mechanistic understanding of how inflammation contributes to the development of epilepsy (epileptogenesis) after TBI is important to facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce or prevent seizures. Body We reviewed previous clinical and pre-clinical data to evaluate the hypothesis that inflammation contributes to seizures and epilepsy after TBI. Increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation is a common consequence of epileptic seizure activity, and also contributes to epileptogenesis as well as seizure initiation (ictogenesis) and perpetuation. Three key signaling factors implicated in both seizure activity and TBI-induced secondary pathogenesis are highlighted in this review: high-mobility group box protein-1 interacting with toll-like receptors, interleukin-1β interacting with its receptors, and transforming growth factor-β signaling from extravascular albumin. Lastly, we consider age-dependent differences in seizure susceptibility and neuroinflammation as mechanisms which may contribute to a heightened vulnerability to epileptogenesis in young brain-injured patients. Conclusion Several inflammatory mediators exhibit epileptogenic and ictogenic properties, acting on glia and neurons both directly and indirectly influence neuronal excitability. Further research is required to establish causality between inflammatory signaling cascades and the development of epilepsy post-TBI, and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of pharmaceuticals targeting inflammatory pathways to prevent or mitigate the development of PTE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyria M Webster
- Department of Medicine (The Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Medicine (The Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Peter Crack
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine (The Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Medicine (The Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Medicine (The Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hung KL, Liang JS, Wang JS, Chen HJ, Lin LJ, Lu JF. Association of a novel GABRG2 splicing variation and a PTGS2/COX-2 single nucleotide polymorphism with Taiwanese febrile seizures. Epilepsy Res 2017; 129:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
25
|
Ślebioda Z, Krawiecka E, Rozmiarek M, Szponar E, Kowalska A, Dorocka-Bobkowska B. Clinical phenotype of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and interleukin-1β genotype in a Polish cohort of patients. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:657-662. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Ślebioda
- Department of Oral Mucosa Diseases; University of Medical Sciences; Poznań Poland
| | - Ewa Krawiecka
- Department of Oral Mucosa Diseases; University of Medical Sciences; Poznań Poland
| | - Marta Rozmiarek
- Department of Nucleic Acids Function; Institute of Human Genetics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Poznań Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szponar
- Department of Oral Mucosa Diseases; University of Medical Sciences; Poznań Poland
| | - Anna Kowalska
- Department of Nucleic Acids Function; Institute of Human Genetics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Poznań Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen L, Liu X, Wang H, Qu M. Gastrodin Attenuates Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures by Modulating the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Associated Inflammatory Responses in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2016; 33:264-272. [PMID: 27909971 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin, the major component isolated from the rhizome of the Chinese traditional medicinal herb Gastrodia elata ("Tianma"), has a long history in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, we found that gastrodin ameliorated pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic seizures with improvement of the electroencephalographic pattern in mice. Further studies demonstrated that gastrodin decreased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α while increasing interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the brain. Furthermore, gastrodin attenuated the PTZ-induced microglial activation along with inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases, cAMP response element binding protein, and NF-κB. Our data suggest that gastrodin attenuates seizures by modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase-associated inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Chen
- Neurology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Xinan Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Neurology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Min Qu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Uyanikgil Y, Cavusoglu T, Balcıoglu HA, Gurgul S, Solmaz V, Ozlece HK, Erten N, Erbas O. Rebaudioside A inhibits pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in rats. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:446-51. [PMID: 27638403 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of patients with epilepsy consuming sweetening agents, which is becoming increasingly prevalent for various reasons, is a topic that should be emphasized as sensitively as it is for other diseases. Patients with epilepsy consume sweetening agents for different reasons such being diabetic or overweight. They can occasionally be exposed to sweetening agents unrestrainedly through consuming convenience food, primarily beverages. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rebaudioside A (Reb-A), which is a steviol glycoside produced from the herb Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), on epileptic seizures and convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Forty-eight male rats were used. Twenty-four rats were administered 35 mg/kg PTZ to trigger epileptiform activity; the remaining 24 rats were administered 70 mg/kg PTZ to trigger the convulsion model. The epileptiform activity was evaluated by spike percentage, whereas convulsion was evaluated by Racine's Convulsion Scale and the onset time of the first myoclonic jerk. Statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in the Racine's Convulsion Scale score and increase in the latency of first myoclonic jerk in a dose-dependent manner for the rat groups in which PTZ epilepsy had been induced and Reb-A had been administered. For the groups that were administered Reb-A, the spike decrease was apparent in a dose-dependent manner, based on the spike percentage calculation. These results indicated that Reb-A has positive effects on PTZ-induced convulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yigit Uyanikgil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cord Blood, Cell and Tissue Research and Application Centre, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Turker Cavusoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cord Blood, Cell and Tissue Research and Application Centre, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huseyin A Balcıoglu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Gurgul
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Volkan Solmaz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hatice K Ozlece
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Erten
- Department of Neurology, Ordu State Hospital, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li Z, Ding C, Gong X, Wang X, Cui T. Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele was Associated With Nonlesional Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Han Chinese Population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2894. [PMID: 26945380 PMCID: PMC4782864 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has been implicated as one of the genes susceptible to temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but the association is inconsistent. We carried out a study to investigate the association of APOEε4 allele with a subtype of TLE-nonlesional mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (NLMTLE) in Han Chinese people.T he study consisted of total 308 NLMTLE patients and 302 controls in Han Chinese. The APOE polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA sequencing. We compared the frequency of APOEε4 allele and carrying status between NLMTLE patients and control subjects to test for the association of APOEε4 allele with NLMTLE clinical status. Carrying status of APOEε4 allele was significantly associated with the risk of NLMTLE. No effect of APOEε4 allele was found on the age of onset, duration of epilepsy, or frequency of seizure. Moreover, there was no association between APOEε4 allele and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or febrile convulsion (FC) history.O ur study provided an evidence that APOEε4 allele was a possible risk factor for NLMTLE, and further study with a larger sample is needed to warrant this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Li
- From the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (ZL, XG, TC); Department of Neurology, The 301 PLG General Hospital (CD); and Department of Sociology (XW), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li BY, Chen SD. Potential Similarities in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s Disease: From Clinic to Pathology. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2015; 30:723-8. [PMID: 24906967 PMCID: PMC10852563 DOI: 10.1177/1533317514537547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is clinically characterized by insidious onset of memory and cognitive impairments, which are also presented in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Many studies have shown that seizures occur in some patients with AD, and AD is a risk factor for epilepsy, mainly complex partial and secondary generalized seizure. Here, we focus on the relationship between TLE and AD in clinical and pathological aspects, as they are having similar comorbidities and mechanisms. In this study, we first reviewed the clinical observations that showed concomitant AD and TLE. Then, we picked up common genetic and pathological changes in both the diseases from neurobiological researches. Although both the diseases have delicate differences in many aspects, their common characteristics intrigue more detailed research to be done by newer technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Yin Li
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Eun BL, Abraham J, Mlsna L, Kim MJ, Koh S. Lipopolysaccharide potentiates hyperthermia-induced seizures. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00348. [PMID: 26357586 PMCID: PMC4559014 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged febrile seizures (FS) have both acute and long-lasting effects on the developing brain. Because FS are often associated with peripheral infection, we aimed to develop a preclinical model of FS that simulates fever and immune activation in order to facilitate the implementation of targeted therapy after prolonged FS in young children. METHODS The innate immune activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to postnatal day 14 rat (200 μg/kg) and mouse (100 μg/kg) pups 2-2.5 h prior to hyperthermic seizures (HT) induced by hair dryer or heat lamp. To determine whether simulation of infection enhances neuronal excitability, latency to seizure onset, threshold temperature and total number of seizures were quantified. Behavioral seizures were correlated with electroencephalographic changes in rat pups. Seizure-induced proinflammatory cytokine production was assessed in blood samples at various time points after HT. Seizure-induced microglia activation in the hippocampus was quantified using Cx3cr1(GFP/+) mice. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide priming increased susceptibility of rats and mice to hyperthemic seizures and enhanced seizure-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and microglial activation. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral inflammation appears to work synergistically with hyperthermia to potentiate seizures and to exacerbate seizure-induced immune responses. By simulating fever, a regulated increase in body temperature from an immune challenge, we developed a more clinically relevant animal model of prolonged FS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baik-Lin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea
| | - Jayne Abraham
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lauren Mlsna
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sookyong Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zou L, Zhao H, Gong X, Jiang A, Guan S, Wang L, Zheng S. The association between three promoter polymorphisms of IL-1 and stroke: a meta-analysis. Gene 2015; 567:36-44. [PMID: 25917615 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The association between Interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphism and stroke remains controversial. The present study was designed to clarify this relationship through a pooled analysis of the numerous epidemiological studies focusing on this association. METHODS Published data addressing the association between polymorphism of the IL-1 gene and stroke were selected from electronic databases. A total of 21 studies from 19 publications including 5280 stroke patients and 5699 controls were included in this meta-analysis which detect whether IL-1α-889C/T, IL-1β-511C/T and IL-1 RN polymorphism were associated with stroke susceptibility. RESULT The combined results of overall analysis revealed that there was a significant association between IL-1α-889C/T polymorphism and stroke (allele model: OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.14-1.68, P < 0.001; recessive model: OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.27-1.90, P < 0.001; dominant model: OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.13-1.87, P = 0.004; additive model: OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.37-2.10, P < 0.001). On a subgroup analysis by ethnicity of study population, significant association was found in Asians (allele model: OR = 1.25 95% CI = 1.12-1.39, P < 0.001; recessive model: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.09-1.69, P = 0.007; dominant model: OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.12-1.48, P < 0.001; additive model: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.13-1.80, P = 0.003). There are no associations of IL-1β-511C/T and IL-RN polymorphisms on stroke risk were identified. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggested that IL-1α-889C/T polymorphism is associated with stroke risk, especially in Asians. However, no associations of IL-1β-511C/T and IL-RN polymorphisms on stroke risk in overall analysis or subgroup analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Xijun Gong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Anhong Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Song Guan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Suisheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sha Z, Sha L, Li W, Dou W, Shen Y, Wu L, Xu Q. Exome sequencing identifies SUCO mutations in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosci Lett 2015; 591:149-154. [PMID: 25668491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is the main type and most common medically intractable form of epilepsy. Severity of disease-based stratified samples may help identify new disease-associated mutant genes. We analyzed mRNA expression profiles from patient hippocampal tissue. Three of the seven patients had severe mTLE with generalized-onset convulsions and consciousness loss that occurred over many years. We found that compared with other groups, patients with severe mTLE were classified into a distinct group. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing validation in all seven patients identified three novel SUN domain-containing ossification factor (SUCO) mutations in severely affected patients. Furthermore, SUCO knock down significantly reduced dendritic length in vitro. Our results indicate that mTLE defects may affect neuronal development, and suggest that neurons have abnormal development due to lack of SUCO, which may be a generalized-onset epilepsy-related gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sha
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10005, China
| | - Longze Sha
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10005, China
| | - Wenting Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10005, China
| | - Wanchen Dou
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yan Shen
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10005, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Qi Xu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Thom M. Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 40:520-43. [PMID: 24762203 PMCID: PMC4265206 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common pathology encountered in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) as well as other epilepsy syndromes and in both surgical and post-mortem practice. The 2013 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification segregates HS into typical (type 1) and atypical (type 2 and 3) groups, based on the histological patterns of subfield neuronal loss and gliosis. In addition, granule cell reorganization and alterations of interneuronal populations, neuropeptide fibre networks and mossy fibre sprouting are distinctive features of HS associated with epilepsies; they can be useful diagnostic aids to discriminate from other causes of HS, as well as highlighting potential mechanisms of hippocampal epileptogenesis. The cause of HS remains elusive and may be multifactorial; the contribution of febrile seizures, genetic susceptibility, inflammatory and neurodevelopmental factors are discussed. Post-mortem based research in HS, as an addition to studies on surgical samples, has the added advantage of enabling the study of the wider network changes associated with HS, the long-term effects of epilepsy on the pathology and associated comorbidities. It is likely that HS is heterogeneous in aspects of its cause, epileptogenetic mechanisms, network alterations and response to medical and surgical treatments. Future neuropathological studies will contribute to better recognition and understanding of these clinical and patho-aetiological subtypes of HS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thom
- Departments of Neuropathology and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Epilepsy affects 50 million persons worldwide, a third of whom continue to experience debilitating seizures despite optimum anti-epileptic drug (AED) treatment. Twelve-month remission from seizures is less likely in female patients, individuals aged 11-36 years and those with neurological insults and shorter time between first seizure and starting treatment. It has been found that the presence of multiple seizures prior to diagnosis is a risk factor for pharmacoresistance and is correlated with epilepsy type as well as intrinsic severity. The key role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of resistant epilepsy is becoming clear. Our work in this area suggests that high-mobility group box 1 isoforms may be candidate biomarkers for treatment stratification and novel drug targets in epilepsy. Furthermore, transporter polymorphisms contributing to the intrinsic severity of epilepsy are providing robust neurobiological evidence on an emerging theory of drug resistance, which may also provide new insights into disease stratification. Some of the rare genetic epilepsies enable treatment stratification through testing for the causal mutation, for example SCN1A mutations in patients with Dravet's syndrome. Up to 50% of patients develop adverse reactions to AEDs which in turn affects tolerability and compliance. Immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to AED therapy, such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, are the most serious adverse reactions and have been associated with polymorphisms in the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) complex. Pharmacogenetic screening for HLA-B*15:02 in Asian populations can prevent carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome. We have identified HLA-A*31:01 as a potential risk marker for all phenotypes of carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity with applicability in European and other populations. In this review, we explore the currently available key stratification approaches to address the therapeutic challenges in epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Walker
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Mirza
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - V L M Yip
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A G Marson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Pirmohamed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tan CC, Zhang JG, Tan MS, Chen H, Meng DW, Jiang T, Meng XF, Li Y, Sun Z, Li MM, Yu JT, Tan L. NLRP1 inflammasome is activated in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy and contributes to neuronal pyroptosis in amygdala kindling-induced rat model. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:18. [PMID: 25626361 PMCID: PMC4314732 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often characterized pathologically by severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Understanding the mechanisms of neuron death is key to preventing the neurodegeneration associated with TLE. However, the involvement of neuronal loss to the epileptogenic process has yet to be fully determined. Recent studies have shown that the activation of NLRP1 can generate a functional caspase-1-containing inflammasome in vivo to drive the proinflammatory programmed cell death termed ‘pyroptosis’, which has a key role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reported studies that performed detailed identification and validation of NLRP1 inflammasome during the epileptogenic process. Methods We first compared expression of NLRP1 and caspase-1 in resected hippocampus from patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) with that of matched control samples. To further examine whether the activation of NLRP1 inflammasome contributes to neuronal pyroptosis, we employed a nonviral strategy to knock down the expression of NLRP1 and caspase-1 in the amygdala kindling-induced rat model. Proinflammatory cytokines levels and hippocampal neuronal loss were evaluated after 6 weeks of treatment in these NLRP1 or caspase-1 deficiency TLE rats. Results Western blotting detected upregulated NLRP1 levels and active caspase-1 in mTLE patients in comparison to those levels seen in the controls, suggesting a role for this inflammasome in mTLE. Moreover, we employed direct in vivo infusion of nonviral small interfering RNA to knockdown NLRP1 or caspase-1 in the amygdala kindling-induced rat model, and discovered that these NLRP1 or caspase-1 silencing rats resulted in significantly reduced neuronal pyroptosis. Conclusions Our data suggest that NLRP1/caspase-1 signaling participates in the seizure-induced degenerative process in humans and in the animal model of TLE and points to the silencing of NLRP1 inflammasome as a promising strategy for TLE therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0233-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No.6, Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.6, Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Da-Wei Meng
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No.6, Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.6, Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xiang-Fei Meng
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Meng-Meng Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Uludag IF, Duksal T, Tiftikcioglu BI, Zorlu Y, Ozkaya F, Kirkali G. IL-1β, IL-6 and IL1Ra levels in temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure 2015; 26:22-5. [PMID: 25799897 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is now extensive evidence to support the involvement of inflammation in the course of epileptic seizures. Seizure-induced changes in serum IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-1Ra levels are reported in several studies. Serum cytokine levels may also be disturbed in inter-ictal period due to seizure activity. METHODS Twenty-one patients (12 women; mean age 35±12.3) with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), 17 patients (8 women; mean age 31.8±10.4) with extra-temporal lobe epilepsy (XLE) and 20 normal controls (10 women; mean age 35.6±8.8) were included in the study. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-1Ra of the TLE, XLE groups in inter-ictal period and of the normal control group were compared. RESULTS All three cytokine levels are found to be significantly elevated in epilepsy patients when compared to controls (p<0.05). In TLE group, IL-1β serum levels were significantly higher than in the XLE group (p<0001). CONCLUSION The major findings in our study were increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-1Ra in epileptic patients and high levels of IL-1β in TLE group. Our results support the existence of a chronic inflammatory state in epileptic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irem Fatma Uludag
- Izmir Tepecik Educational and Research Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Turkey.
| | - Tarik Duksal
- Izmir Tepecik Educational and Research Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Turkey
| | | | - Yasar Zorlu
- Izmir Tepecik Educational and Research Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Turkey
| | - Feriha Ozkaya
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Turkey
| | - Guldal Kirkali
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mann M, Chhun S, Pons G. Farmacogenetica dei farmaci antiepilettici. Neurologia 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(14)68868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
38
|
Bhalla D, Godet B, Druet-Cabanac M, Preux PM. Etiologies of epilepsy: a comprehensive review. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 11:861-76. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
39
|
Biswas A, Panigrahi R, Pal M, De BK, Chakrabarti S, Ghosh MK, Chandra Seth BC, Roychowdhury S, Chakravarty R. Association of Interleukin-1β and Gene Polymorphisms with Liver Pathogenesis in Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Eastern Indian Population. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2013; 3:281-7. [PMID: 25755515 PMCID: PMC3940093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important member of the family of the proinflammatory cytokines that modulate outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the polymorphic genotypes of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) promoter region and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN) and disease outcome in HBV-infected individuals. METHODS DNA was extracted from 395 study subjects including HBV carriers with varying clinical presentations, as well as healthy controls and spontaneously recovered cases (SRC). Polymorphisms in IL-1β (at position -511) and IL-1RN (variable nucleotide tandem repeats, VNTR) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR based assay respectively. RESULTS Among the study subjects, different IL-1β (at position -511) (CC, CT and TT) and IL-1RN (1/1, 1/2, 2/2 and 1/3) polymorphic genotypes were found at variable proportions. Logistic regression analysis revealed, no notable difference at the level of IL-1β promoter (P = 0.244; OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.52-1.18) or IL-1RN genotype polymorphism (P = 0.840; OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.78-1.36) among the HBV carriers and controls or SRC cases. Pairwise proportion testing showed, IL-1β -511 genotype CC was significantly higher among asymptomatic carriers (ASC) in comparison with liver cirrhosis (LC) patients (P value = 0.028) and healthy control group (P-value = 0.036). IL-1RN genotype 2/2 was considerably higher in LC group than SRC as well as control group. Combinations of IL-1β (-511) and IL-1RN polymorphisms were associated with disease progression, such as CC-1/2 with ASC and TT-2/2 with LC. CONCLUSION IL-1β polymorphisms are found to be associated with disease severity. Different polymorphic combinations are associated with degree of disease severity. Overall this is the first report from Eastern India, which shows association of IL-1β polymorphisms with HBV-related hepatic complications.
Collapse
Key Words
- ASC, asymptomatic carriers
- CLD, chronic liver disease
- Eastern India
- HBV
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IL-1RN, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- LC, liver cirrhosis
- LR, logistic regression
- PCR-RFLP, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- SRC, spontaneously recovered cases
- USG, ultrasonography
- VNTR, variable nucleotide tandem repeats
- cirrhosis
- interleukin polymorphisms
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Biswas
- ICMR Virus Unit Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajesh Panigrahi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Manisha Pal
- Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Binay K. De
- Department of Medicine, Calcutta Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India,Address for correspondence: Runu Chakravarty, ICMR Virus Unit Kolkata, GB 4, 1st Floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Kolkata 700010, India. Tel.: +91 33 2353 7425; fax: +91 33 2353 7424.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the most important endogenous defence mechanisms in an organism. It has been suggested that inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of a number of human epilepsies and convulsive disorders, and there is clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that inflammatory processes within the CNS may either contribute to or be a consequence of epileptogenesis. This review discusses evidence from human studies on the role of inflammation in epilepsy and highlights potential new targets in the inflammatory cascade for antiepileptic drugs. A number of mechanisms have been shown to be involved in CNS inflammatory reactions. These include an inflammatory response at the level of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), immune-mediated damage to the CNS, stress-induced release of inflammatory mediators and direct neuronal dysfunction or damage as a result of inflammatory reactions. Mediators of inflammation in the CNS include interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κB and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). IL-1β, BBB and high-mobility group box-1-TLR4 signalling appear to be the most promising targets for anticonvulsant agents directed at inflammation. Such agents may provide effective therapy for drug-resistant epilepsies in the future.
Collapse
|
41
|
Uludag IF, Bilgin S, Zorlu Y, Tuna G, Kirkali G. Interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels in epileptic seizures. Seizure 2013; 22:457-61. [PMID: 23566695 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Data are accumulating to support the involvement of inflammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis and course of epilepsy. METHODS The aim of this study was to examine seizure-induced changes in plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in 23 patients with epilepsy undergoing a video-electroencephalography (EEG) study. Patients were divided into groups based on epilepsy type as follows: temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) (n=6), extra-temporal lobe epilepsy (XLE) (n=8) and idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE) (n=9). Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-1Ra and IL-6 were measured at baseline, immediately after the epileptic seizure, and at 3h, 6h, 12h and 24h after the seizure. RESULTS We demonstrated a significant increase in plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-1Ra that peaked at 12h into the post-ictal period (p<0.05). IL-1β levels did not differ from the baseline levels. We did not observe any differences in post-ictal cytokine release patterns between the TLE, XLE and IGE groups. CONCLUSION The present study confirms the findings that epileptic seizures induce the production of IL-6 and IL-1Ra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irem Fatma Uludag
- Izmir Tepecik Educational and Research Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Relationship between genetic variant in pre-microRNA-146a and genetic predisposition to temporal lobe epilepsy: A case–control study. Gene 2013; 516:181-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
43
|
Saxena R, Chawla YK, Verma I, Kaur J. Interleukin-1 polymorphism and expression in hepatitis B virus-mediated disease outcome in India. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 33:80-9. [PMID: 23210983 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated any possible association among Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1B)-511 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) variable number tandem-repeat (VNTR) genotypes, haplotypes, and IL-1B expression with risk for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) development in India. For this, 406 subjects (153 controls, 67 inactive HBV-carriers, 65 patients with chronic-active HBV, 62 HBV-cirrhotics, and 59 subjects with HBV-HCC) were enrolled in the study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism, reverse transcriptase-PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods were used for assessing polymorphism, mRNA, and protein levels, respectively, of IL-1. The study revealed no significant association of IL-1B(-511) CT and TT genotypes, while a significant positive association of the IL-1RN (VNTR) 1/2 genotype with HCC development, among controls and carriers. Besides, 2/2 genotypes acted as a potential risk factor for hepatitis and subsequent cirrhosis development, among the same groups. Furthermore, the IL-1 haplotypes 2 and 3 were found to be significant protective factors for hepatitis and subsequent HCC development, among controls. However, haplotype 4 shared a significant negative association with hepatitis only. Moreover, proinflammatory IL-1B levels significantly and steadily elevated with the disease progression to HCC, as compared to controls. These preliminary findings indicate a key role of IL-1 in the HBV-mediated disease chronicity, in the Indian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roli Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hwang SK, Hirose S. Genetics of temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Dev 2012; 34:609-16. [PMID: 22105092 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The most common partial epilepsy, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) consists of a heterogeneous group of seizure disorders originating in the temporal lobe. TLE had been thought to develop as a result of acquired structural problems in the temporal lobe. During the past two decades, there has been growing evidence of the important influence of genetic factors, and familial and non-lesional TLE have been increasingly described. Here, we focus on the genetics of TLE and review related genes which have been studied recently. Although its molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood, TLE genetics is a fertile field, awaiting more research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyeong Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tiwari P, Dwivedi R, Mansoori N, Alam R, Chauhan UK, Tripathi M, Mukhopadhyay AK. Do gene polymorphism in IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 influence therapeutic response in patients with drug refractory epilepsy? Epilepsy Res 2012; 101:261-7. [PMID: 22578659 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pro-inflammatory cytokines may play an important pathophysiological role in patients with epilepsy. To understand the role of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines in epilepsy, this study aimed to evaluate the polymorphisms of the promoter regions of IL-1β-511C>T (rs16944), TNF-α-308G>A (rs1800629) and IL-6-174G>C (rs1800795) genes and to look into the interaction between these genes in influencing seizure susceptibility, seizure frequency and response to therapy. METHODS The comparative frequency of polymorphism was determined in rs16944, rs1800629 and rs1800795 using PCR-RFLP in a group of 120 persons with epilepsy (PWE) and 110 ethnically matched healthy subjects of comparable age and sex in the North Indian population. RESULTS Alleles and genotypes of rs16944, rs1800629 and rs1800795 were not found to influence the odds ratio of having susceptibility to epilepsy. Also gene-gene interaction of possible nine combinations of these genes did not show any positive association with epilepsy. The genotype and allelic frequency of rs1800795 showed a significant association (p<0.05) in seizure frequency (number of seizures/6-months) and drug refractory epilepsy. However, the genotype and allelic frequency of rs16944 and rs1800629 were not found to have such effect. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the rs16944, rs1800629 and rs1800795 polymorphism does not act as a strong susceptibility factor for epilepsy in North Indian population. The genotypic association of rs1800795 with seizure frequency and drug-refractory epilepsy raises the issue that a specific set of polymorphic genes can influence seizures and therapeutic response in epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Tiwari
- Center for Biotechnology, School of Environmental Biology, Awahdesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa 486003, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Genetics of temporal lobe epilepsy: a review. EPILEPSY RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:863702. [PMID: 22957248 PMCID: PMC3420533 DOI: 10.1155/2012/863702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is usually regarded as a polygenic and complex disorder. To understand its genetic component, numerous linkage analyses of familial forms and association studies of cases versus controls have been conducted since the middle of the nineties. The present paper lists genetic findings for TLE from the initial segregation analysis to the most recent results published in May 2011. To date, no genes have been clearly related to TLE despite many efforts to do so. However, it is vital to continue replication studies and collaborative attempts to find significant results and thus determine which gene variant combination plays a definitive role in the aetiology of TLE.
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ciğdem Ozkara
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xie C, Sun J, Qiao W, Lu D, Wei L, Na M, Song Y, Hou X, Lin Z. Administration of simvastatin after kainic acid-induced status epilepticus restrains chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24966. [PMID: 21949812 PMCID: PMC3176286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of chronic administration of simvastatin immediately after status epilepticus (SE) on rat brain with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). First, we evaluated cytokines expression at 3 days post KA-lesion in hippocampus and found that simvastatin-treatment suppressed lesion-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Further, we quantified reactive astrocytosis using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining and neuron loss using Nissl staining in hippocampus at 4-6 months after KA-lesion. We found that simvastatin suppressed reactive astrocytosis demonstrated by a significant decrease in GFAP-positive cells, and attenuated loss of pyramidal neurons in CA3 and interneurons in dentate hilar (DH). We next assessed aberrant mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) that is known to contribute to recurrence of spontaneous seizure in epileptic brain. In contrast to the robust MFS observed in saline-treated animals, the extent of MFS was restrained by simvastatin in epileptic rats. Attenuated MFS was related to decreased neuronal loss in CA3 and DH, which is possibly a mechanism underlying decreased hippocampal susceptibility in animal treated with simvastatin. Electronic encephalography (EEG) was recorded during 4 to 6 months after KA-lesion. The frequency of abnormal spikes in rats with simvastatin-treatment decreased significantly compared to the saline group. In summary, simvastatin treatment suppressed cytokines expression and reactive astrocytosis and decreased the frequency of discharges of epileptic brain, which might be due to the inhibition of MFS in DH. Our study suggests that simvastatin administration might be a possible intervention and promising strategy for preventing SE exacerbating to chronic epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuncheng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weidong Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dunyue Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Lanlan Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Na
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiguo Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lv RJ, He JS, Fu YH, Zhang YQ, Shao XQ, Wu LW, Lu Q, Jin LR, Liu H. ASIC1a polymorphism is associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2011; 96:74-80. [PMID: 21664108 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent in vitro and in vivo data show that acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) activation enhances neuronal excitability in the hippocampus and neocortex, indicating that ASIC1a might play a role in the generation and maintenance of epileptic seizures. The aim of this study was to investigate association of the ASIC1a gene with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) for the first time. Six tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ASIC1a gene were selected and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 560 TLE patients and 401 healthy controls. There was a significant allelic and genotypic association between rs844347:A>C and TLE compared with controls. The rs844347-A allele frequency was 88.1% in the patients and 83.0% in control subjects (OR=1.516, 95% CI 1.142-2.013, p=0.004). Furthermore, the haplotype analysis revealed a significant association with TLE. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time an association between an ASC1a variant allele and TLE in a Han Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Juan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|