1
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Guo L, Liu JJ, Long SY, Wang PY, Li S, Wang JL, Wei XF, Li J, Lei L, Huang AL, Hu JL. TIM22 and TIM29 inhibit HBV replication by up-regulating SRSF1 expression. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29439. [PMID: 38294104 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem. After the viruses infect the human body, the host can respond to the virus infection by coordinating various cellular responses, in which mitochondria play an important role. Evidence has shown that mitochondrial proteins are involved in host antiviral responses. In this study, we found that the overexpression of TIM22 and TIM29, the members of the inner membrane translocase TIM22 complex, significantly reduced the level of intracellular HBV DNA and RNA and secreted HBV surface antigens and E antigen. The effects of TIM22 and TIM29 on HBV replication and transcription is attributed to the reduction of core promoter activity mediated by the increased expression of SRSF1 which acts as a suppressor of HBV replication. This study provides new evidence for the critical role of mitochondria in the resistance of HBV infection and new targets for the development of treatment against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Sixth Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia-Fei Wei
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Lei
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Coyne LP, Wang X, Song J, de Jong E, Schneider K, Massa PT, Middleton FA, Becker T, Chen XJ. Mitochondrial protein import clogging as a mechanism of disease. eLife 2023; 12:e84330. [PMID: 37129366 PMCID: PMC10208645 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis requires the import of >1,000 mitochondrial preproteins from the cytosol. Most studies on mitochondrial protein import are focused on the core import machinery. Whether and how the biophysical properties of substrate preproteins affect overall import efficiency is underexplored. Here, we show that protein traffic into mitochondria can be disrupted by amino acid substitutions in a single substrate preprotein. Pathogenic missense mutations in ADP/ATP translocase 1 (ANT1), and its yeast homolog ADP/ATP carrier 2 (Aac2), cause the protein to accumulate along the protein import pathway, thereby obstructing general protein translocation into mitochondria. This impairs mitochondrial respiration, cytosolic proteostasis, and cell viability independent of ANT1's nucleotide transport activity. The mutations act synergistically, as double mutant Aac2/ANT1 causes severe clogging primarily at the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex. This confers extreme toxicity in yeast. In mice, expression of a super-clogger ANT1 variant led to neurodegeneration and an age-dependent dominant myopathy that phenocopy ANT1-induced human disease, suggesting clogging as a mechanism of disease. More broadly, this work implies the existence of uncharacterized amino acid requirements for mitochondrial carrier proteins to avoid clogging and subsequent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Coyne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Jiyao Song
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Ebbing de Jong
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Karin Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Paul T Massa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Frank A Middleton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Xin Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
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3
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Busch JD, Fielden LF, Pfanner N, Wiedemann N. Mitochondrial protein transport: Versatility of translocases and mechanisms. Mol Cell 2023; 83:890-910. [PMID: 36931257 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of mitochondria requires the import of approximately 1,000 different precursor proteins into and across the mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria exhibit a wide variety of mechanisms and machineries for the translocation and sorting of precursor proteins. Five major import pathways that transport proteins to their functional intramitochondrial destination have been elucidated; these pathways range from the classical amino-terminal presequence-directed pathway to pathways using internal or even carboxy-terminal targeting signals in the precursors. Recent studies have provided important insights into the structural organization of membrane-embedded preprotein translocases of mitochondria. A comparison of the different translocases reveals the existence of at least three fundamentally different mechanisms: two-pore-translocase, β-barrel switching, and transport cavities open to the lipid bilayer. In addition, translocases are physically engaged in dynamic interactions with respiratory chain complexes, metabolite transporters, quality control factors, and machineries controlling membrane morphology. Thus, mitochondrial preprotein translocases are integrated into multi-functional networks of mitochondrial and cellular machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob D Busch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura F Fielden
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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4
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Kumar A, Waingankar TP, D'Silva P. Functional crosstalk between the TIM22 complex and YME1 machinery maintains mitochondrial proteostasis and integrity. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286750. [PMID: 36601773 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TIM22 pathway cargos are essential for sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis as an excess of these proteins leads to proteostatic stress and cell death. Yme1 is an inner membrane metalloprotease that regulates protein quality control with chaperone-like and proteolytic activities. Although the mitochondrial translocase and protease machinery are critical for organelle health, their functional association remains unexplored. The present study unravels a novel genetic connection between the TIM22 complex and YME1 machinery in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is required for maintaining mitochondrial health. Our genetic analyses indicate that impairment in the TIM22 complex rescues the respiratory growth defects of cells without Yme1. Furthermore, Yme1 is essential for the stability of the TIM22 complex and regulates the proteostasis of TIM22 pathway substrates. Moreover, impairment in the TIM22 complex suppressed the mitochondrial structural and functional defects of Yme1-devoid cells. In summary, excessive levels of TIM22 pathway substrates could be one of the reasons for respiratory growth defects of cells lacking Yme1, and compromising the TIM22 complex can compensate for the imbalance in mitochondrial proteostasis caused by the loss of Yme1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Tejashree Pradip Waingankar
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
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5
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A High-Throughput Search for SFXN1 Physical Partners Led to the Identification of ATAD3, HSD10 and TIM50. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091298. [PMID: 36138777 PMCID: PMC9495560 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondria are central players in cell fate and cell death. Indeed, mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. The activity of these organelles relies on numerous mitochondrial transporters, among which the sideroflexins have received little attention to date despite their emerging importance in human health. To better understand the cellular functions of these transporters and their associations with diseases, we herein investigated the molecular partners of one human sideroflexin, SFXN1. Several proteins capable of interacting with SFXN1 were identified, including ATAD3 and HSD10, two mitochondrial proteins linked to neuronal disorders. Abstract Sideroflexins (SFXN, SLC56) are a family of evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial carriers potentially involved in iron homeostasis. One member of the SFXN family is SFXN1, recently identified as a human mitochondrial serine transporter. However, little is known about the SFXN1 interactome, necessitating a high-throughput search to better characterize SFXN1 mitochondrial functions. Via co-immunoprecipitation followed by shotgun mass spectrometry (coIP-MS), we identified 96 putative SFXN1 interactors in the MCF7 human cell line. Our in silico analysis of the SFXN1 interactome highlights biological processes linked to mitochondrial organization, electron transport chains and transmembrane transport. Among the potential physical partners, ATAD3A and 17β-HSD10, two proteins associated with neurological disorders, were confirmed using different human cell lines. Nevertheless, further work will be needed to investigate the significance of these interactions.
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6
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Schneider A. Evolution and diversification of mitochondrial protein import systems. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 75:102077. [PMID: 35390639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
More than 95% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus, synthesised in the cytosol and imported into the organelle. The evolution of mitochondrial protein import systems was therefore a prerequisite for the conversion of the α-proteobacterial mitochondrial ancestor into an organelle. Here, I review that the origin of the mitochondrial outer membrane import receptors can best be understood by convergent evolution. Subsequently, I discuss an evolutionary scenario that was proposed to explain the diversification of the inner membrane carrier protein translocases between yeast and mammals. Finally, I illustrate a scenario that can explain how the two specialised inner membrane protein translocase complexes found in most eukaryotes were reduced to a single multifunctional one in trypanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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7
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Kumar A, Matta SK, Vigneshwaran R, D'Silva P. A journey through the gateway of polytopic inner membrane proteins: The carrier translocase machinery. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Guerrero‐Castillo S, van Strien J, Brandt U, Arnold S. Ablation of mitochondrial DNA results in widespread remodeling of the mitochondrial complexome. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108648. [PMID: 34542926 PMCID: PMC8561636 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
So-called ρ0 cells lack mitochondrial DNA and are therefore incapable of aerobic ATP synthesis. How cells adapt to survive ablation of oxidative phosphorylation remains poorly understood. Complexome profiling analysis of ρ0 cells covered 1,002 mitochondrial proteins and revealed changes in abundance and organization of numerous multiprotein complexes including previously not described assemblies. Beyond multiple subassemblies of complexes that would normally contain components encoded by mitochondrial DNA, we observed widespread reorganization of the complexome. This included distinct changes in the expression pattern of adenine nucleotide carrier isoforms, other mitochondrial transporters, and components of the protein import machinery. Remarkably, ablation of mitochondrial DNA hardly affected the complexes organizing cristae junctions indicating that the altered cristae morphology in ρ0 mitochondria predominantly resulted from the loss of complex V dimers required to impose narrow curvatures to the inner membrane. Our data provide a comprehensive resource for in-depth analysis of remodeling of the mitochondrial complexome in response to respiratory deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Guerrero‐Castillo
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- University Children's Research@Kinder‐UKEUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Joeri van Strien
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular InformaticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Susanne Arnold
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
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9
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Proteomic analysis demonstrates the role of the quality control protease LONP1 in mitochondrial protein aggregation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101134. [PMID: 34461102 PMCID: PMC8503632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial matrix protease LONP1 is an essential part of the organellar protein quality control system. LONP1 has been shown to be involved in respiration control and apoptosis. Furthermore, a reduction in LONP1 level correlates with aging. Up to now, the effects of a LONP1 defect were mostly studied by utilizing transient, siRNA-mediated knockdown approaches. We generated a new cellular model system for studying the impact of LONP1 on mitochondrial protein homeostasis by a CRISPR/Cas-mediated genetic knockdown (gKD). These cells showed a stable reduction of LONP1 along with a mild phenotype characterized by absent morphological differences and only small negative effects on mitochondrial functions under normal culture conditions. To assess the consequences of a permanent LONP1 depletion on the mitochondrial proteome, we analyzed the alterations of protein levels by quantitative mass spectrometry, demonstrating small adaptive changes, in particular with respect to mitochondrial protein biogenesis. In an additional proteomic analysis, we determined the temperature-dependent aggregation behavior of mitochondrial proteins and its dependence on a reduction of LONP1 activity, demonstrating the important role of the protease for mitochondrial protein homeostasis in mammalian cells. We identified a significant number of mitochondrial proteins that are affected by a reduced LONP1 activity especially with respect to their stress-induced solubility. Taken together, our results suggest a very good applicability of the LONP1 gKD cell line as a model system for human aging processes.
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10
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The Diversity of the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Protein Import Channels: Emerging Targets for Modulation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134087. [PMID: 34279427 PMCID: PMC8272145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functioning of mitochondria and their biogenesis are largely based on the proper function of the mitochondrial outer membrane channels, which selectively recognise and import proteins but also transport a wide range of other molecules, including metabolites, inorganic ions and nucleic acids. To date, nine channels have been identified in the mitochondrial outer membrane of which at least half represent the mitochondrial protein import apparatus. When compared to the mitochondrial inner membrane, the presented channels are mostly constitutively open and consequently may participate in transport of different molecules and contribute to relevant changes in the outer membrane permeability based on the channel conductance. In this review, we focus on the channel structure, properties and transported molecules as well as aspects important to their modulation. This information could be used for future studies of the cellular processes mediated by these channels, mitochondrial functioning and therapies for mitochondria-linked diseases.
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11
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Molecular Insights into Mitochondrial Protein Translocation and Human Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071031. [PMID: 34356047 PMCID: PMC8305315 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In human mitochondria, mtDNA encodes for only 13 proteins, all components of the OXPHOS system. The rest of the mitochondrial components, which make up approximately 99% of its proteome, are encoded in the nuclear genome, synthesized in cytosolic ribosomes and imported into mitochondria. Different import machineries translocate mitochondrial precursors, depending on their nature and the final destination inside the organelle. The proper and coordinated function of these molecular pathways is critical for mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we will review molecular details about these pathways, which components have been linked to human disease and future perspectives on the field to expand the genetic landscape of mitochondrial diseases.
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12
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Grevel A, Becker T. Porins as helpers in mitochondrial protein translocation. Biol Chem 2021; 401:699-708. [PMID: 31967957 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria import the vast majority of their proteins via dedicated protein machineries. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM complex) forms the main entry site for precursor proteins that are produced on cytosolic ribosomes. Subsequently, different protein sorting machineries transfer the incoming preproteins to the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes, the intermembrane space, and the matrix. In this review, we highlight the recently discovered role of porin, also termed voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), in mitochondrial protein biogenesis. Porin forms the major channel for metabolites and ions in the outer membrane of mitochondria. Two different functions of porin in protein translocation have been reported. First, it controls the formation of the TOM complex by modulating the integration of the central receptor Tom22 into the mature translocase. Second, porin promotes the transport of carrier proteins toward the carrier translocase (TIM22 complex), which inserts these preproteins into the inner membrane. Therefore, porin acts as a coupling factor to spatially coordinate outer and inner membrane transport steps. Thus, porin links metabolite transport to protein import, which are both essential for mitochondrial function and biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grevel
- Institute of Biochemistry und Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry und Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Needs HI, Protasoni M, Henley JM, Prudent J, Collinson I, Pereira GC. Interplay between Mitochondrial Protein Import and Respiratory Complexes Assembly in Neuronal Health and Degeneration. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:432. [PMID: 34064758 PMCID: PMC8151517 DOI: 10.3390/life11050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that >99% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and synthesised in the cytosol renders the process of mitochondrial protein import fundamental for normal organelle physiology. In addition to this, the nuclear genome comprises most of the proteins required for respiratory complex assembly and function. This means that without fully functional protein import, mitochondrial respiration will be defective, and the major cellular ATP source depleted. When mitochondrial protein import is impaired, a number of stress response pathways are activated in order to overcome the dysfunction and restore mitochondrial and cellular proteostasis. However, prolonged impaired mitochondrial protein import and subsequent defective respiratory chain function contributes to a number of diseases including primary mitochondrial diseases and neurodegeneration. This review focuses on how the processes of mitochondrial protein translocation and respiratory complex assembly and function are interlinked, how they are regulated, and their importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope I. Needs
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (H.I.N.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Margherita Protasoni
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (M.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Jeremy M. Henley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (H.I.N.); (J.M.H.)
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (M.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Ian Collinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (H.I.N.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Gonçalo C. Pereira
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (M.P.); (J.P.)
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14
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Acoba MG, Alpergin ESS, Renuse S, Fernández-Del-Río L, Lu YW, Khalimonchuk O, Clarke CF, Pandey A, Wolfgang MJ, Claypool SM. The mitochondrial carrier SFXN1 is critical for complex III integrity and cellular metabolism. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108869. [PMID: 33730581 PMCID: PMC8048093 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carriers (MCs) mediate the passage of small molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), enabling regulated crosstalk between compartmentalized reactions. Despite MCs representing the largest family of solute carriers in mammals, most have not been subjected to a comprehensive investigation, limiting our understanding of their metabolic contributions. Here, we functionally characterize SFXN1, a member of the non-canonical, sideroflexin family. We find that SFXN1, an integral IMM protein with an uneven number of transmembrane domains, is a TIM22 complex substrate. SFXN1 deficiency leads to mitochondrial respiratory chain impairments, most detrimental to complex III (CIII) biogenesis, activity, and assembly, compromising coenzyme Q levels. The CIII dysfunction is independent of one-carbon metabolism, the known primary role for SFXN1 as a mitochondrial serine transporter. Instead, SFXN1 supports CIII function by participating in heme and α-ketoglutarate metabolism. Our findings highlight the multiple ways that SFXN1-based amino acid transport impacts mitochondrial and cellular metabolic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Grace Acoba
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ebru S Selen Alpergin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lucía Fernández-Del-Río
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Departments of Pathology and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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15
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Qi L, Wang Q, Guan Z, Wu Y, Shen C, Hong S, Cao J, Zhang X, Yan C, Yin P. Cryo-EM structure of the human mitochondrial translocase TIM22 complex. Cell Res 2021; 31:369-372. [PMID: 32901109 PMCID: PMC8027037 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo Qi
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Qiang Wang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Zeyuan Guan
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Yan Wu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Cuicui Shen
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Sixing Hong
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Public Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Xing Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Center of Cryo Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Chuangye Yan
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Ping Yin
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
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16
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Palmer CS, Anderson AJ, Stojanovski D. Mitochondrial protein import dysfunction: mitochondrial disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1107-1131. [PMID: 33314127 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The majority of proteins localised to mitochondria are encoded by the nuclear genome, with approximately 1500 proteins imported into mammalian mitochondria. Dysfunction in this fundamental cellular process is linked to a variety of pathologies including neuropathies, cardiovascular disorders, myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, demonstrating the importance of mitochondrial protein import machinery for cellular function. Correct import of proteins into mitochondria requires the co-ordinated activity of multimeric protein translocation and sorting machineries located in both the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, directing the imported proteins to the destined mitochondrial compartment. This dynamic process maintains cellular homeostasis, and its dysregulation significantly affects cellular signalling pathways and metabolism. This review summarises current knowledge of the mammalian mitochondrial import machinery and the pathological consequences of mutation of its components. In addition, we will discuss the role of mitochondrial import in cancer, and our current understanding of the role of mitochondrial import in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander J Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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17
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Jackson TD, Hock DH, Fujihara KM, Palmer CS, Frazier AE, Low YC, Kang Y, Ang CS, Clemons NJ, Thorburn DR, Stroud DA, Stojanovski D. The TIM22 complex mediates the import of sideroflexins and is required for efficient mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:475-491. [PMID: 33476211 PMCID: PMC8101445 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) is a mitochondrial lipid kinase that contributes to protein biogenesis as a subunit of the TIM22 complex at the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mutations in AGK cause Sengers syndrome, an autosomal recessive condition characterized by congenital cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and lactic acidosis. We mapped the proteomic changes in Sengers patient fibroblasts and AGKKO cell lines to understand the effects of AGK dysfunction on mitochondria. This uncovered down-regulation of a number of proteins at the inner mitochondrial membrane, including many SLC25 carrier family proteins, which are predicted substrates of the complex. We also observed down-regulation of SFXN proteins, which contain five transmembrane domains, and show that they represent a novel class of TIM22 complex substrate. Perturbed biogenesis of SFXN proteins in cells lacking AGK reduces the proliferative capabilities of these cells in the absence of exogenous serine, suggesting that dysregulation of one-carbon metabolism is a molecular feature in the biology of Sengers syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Daniella H Hock
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Kenji M Fujihara
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Ann E Frazier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yau C Low
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yilin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
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18
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TIM29 is required for enhanced stem cell activity during regeneration in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1166. [PMID: 33441924 PMCID: PMC7806878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
TIM29 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that interacts with the protein import complex TIM22. TIM29 was shown to stabilize the TIM22 complex but its biological function remains largely unknown. Until recently, it was classified as one of the Domain of Unknown Function (DUF) genes, with a conserved protein domain DUF2366 of unclear function. Since characterizing DUF genes can provide novel biological insight, we used previously established transcriptional profiles of the germline and stem cells of the flatworm Macrostomum lignano to probe conserved DUFs for their potential role in germline biology, stem cell function, regeneration, and development. Here, we demonstrate that DUF2366/TIM29 knockdown in M. lignano has very limited effect during the normal homeostatic condition but prevents worms from adapting to a highly proliferative state required for regeneration.
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19
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Singha UK, Tripathi A, Smith JT, Quinones L, Saha A, Singha T, Chaudhuri M. Novel IM-associated protein Tim54 plays a role in the mitochondrial import of internal signal-containing proteins in Trypanosoma brucei. Biol Cell 2021; 113:39-57. [PMID: 33084070 PMCID: PMC8265390 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM) imports most of the nucleus-encoded proteins that are destined for the matrix, inner membrane (IM) and the intermembrane space (IMS). Trypanosoma brucei, the infectious agent for African trypanosomiasis, possesses a unique TIM complex consisting of several novel proteins in association with a relatively conserved protein TbTim17. Tandem affinity purification of the TbTim17 protein complex revealed TbTim54 as a potential component of this complex. RESULTS TbTim54, a trypanosome-specific IMS protein, is peripherally associated with the IM and is present in a protein complex slightly larger than the TbTim17 complex. TbTim54 knockdown (KD) reduced the import of TbTim17 and compromised the integrity of the TbTim17 complex. TbTim54 KD inhibited the in vitro mitochondrial import and assembly of the internal signal-containing mitochondrial carrier proteins MCP3, MCP5 and MCP11 to a greater extent than TbTim17 KD. Furthermore, TbTim54 KD, but not TbTim17 KD, significantly hampered the mitochondrial targeting of ectopically expressed MCP3 and MCP11. These observations along with our previous finding that the mitochondrial import of N-terminal signal-containing proteins like cytochrome oxidase subunit 4 and MRP2 was affected to a greater extent by TbTim17 KD than TbTim54 KD indicating a substrate-specificity of TbTim54 for internal-signal containing mitochondrial proteins. In other organisms, small Tim chaperones in the IMS are known to participate in the translocation of MCPs. We found that TbTim54 can directly interact with at least two of the six known small TbTim proteins, TbTim11 and TbTim13, as well as with the N-terminal domain of TbTim17. CONCLUSION TbTim54 interacts with TbTim17. It also plays a crucial role in the mitochondrial import and complex assembly of internal signal-containing IM proteins in T. brucei. SIGNIFICANCE We are the first to characterise TbTim54, a novel TbTim that is involved primarily in the mitochondrial import of MCPs and TbTim17 in T. brucei.
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20
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Chaudhuri M, Darden C, Soto Gonzalez F, Singha UK, Quinones L, Tripathi A. Tim17 Updates: A Comprehensive Review of an Ancient Mitochondrial Protein Translocator. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1643. [PMID: 33297490 PMCID: PMC7762337 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The translocases of the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes, the TOM and TIMs, import hundreds of nucleus-encoded proteins into mitochondria. TOM and TIMs are multi-subunit protein complexes that work in cooperation with other complexes to import proteins in different sub-mitochondrial destinations. The overall architecture of these protein complexes is conserved among yeast/fungi, animals, and plants. Recent studies have revealed unique characteristics of this machinery, particularly in the eukaryotic supergroup Excavata. Despite multiple differences, homologues of Tim17, an essential component of one of the TIM complexes and a member of the Tim17/Tim22/Tim23 family, have been found in all eukaryotes. Here, we review the structure and function of Tim17 and Tim17-containing protein complexes in different eukaryotes, and then compare them to the single homologue of this protein found in Trypanosoma brucei, a unicellular parasitic protozoan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd, Jr., Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (C.D.); (F.S.G.); (U.K.S.); (L.Q.); (A.T.)
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21
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Valpadashi A, Callegari S, Linden A, Neumann P, Ficner R, Urlaub H, Deckers M, Rehling P. Defining the architecture of the human TIM22 complex by chemical crosslinking. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:157-168. [PMID: 33125709 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of mitochondrial proteins are nuclear encoded and imported into mitochondria as precursor proteins via dedicated translocases. The translocase of the inner membrane 22 (TIM22) is a multisubunit molecular machine specialized for the translocation of hydrophobic, multi-transmembrane-spanning proteins with internal targeting signals into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here, we undertook a crosslinking-mass spectrometry (XL-MS) approach to determine the molecular arrangement of subunits of the human TIM22 complex. Crosslinking of the isolated TIM22 complex using the BS3 crosslinker resulted in the broad generation of crosslinks across the majority of TIM22 components, including the small TIM chaperone complex. The crosslinking data uncovered several unexpected features, opening new avenues for a deeper investigation into the steps required for TIM22-mediated translocation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Valpadashi
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sylvie Callegari
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.,Ubiquitin Signalling Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andreas Linden
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Piotr Neumann
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Deckers
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Muriungi NG, Ueda K. TIMM29 interacts with hepatitis B virus preS1 to modulate the HBV life cycle. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:792-809. [PMID: 32970362 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a major global health problem, can cause chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinomas in chronically infected patients. However, before HBV infection can be adequately controlled, many mysteries about the HBV life cycle must be solved. In this study, TIMM29, an inner mitochondrial membrane protein, was identified as an interaction partner of the preS1 region of the HBV large S protein. The interaction was verified by both an immunoprecipitation with preS1 peptides and a GST-pulldown assay. Immunofluorescence studies also showed colocalization of preS1 and TIMM29. Moreover, it was determined that the preS1 bound with amino acids 92-189 of the TIMM29 protein. Infection of HBV in TIMM29-overexpressing NTCP/G2 cells resulted in a significant decrease of HBeAg and both extracellular particle-associated and core particle-associated HBV DNA without affecting cccDNA formation. Comparable results were obtained with TIMM29-overexpressing HB611 cells, which constitutively produce HBV. In contrast, knockout of TIMM29 in NTCP/G2 cells led to a higher production of HBV including HBeAg expression, as did knockout of TIMM29 in HB611. Collectively, these results suggested that TIMM29 interacts with the preS1 region of the HBV large S protein and modulates HBV amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Gakii Muriungi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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23
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Muñoz-Gómez SA, Snyder SN, Montoya SJ, Wideman JG. Independent accretion of TIM22 complex subunits in the animal and fungal lineages. F1000Res 2020; 9:1060. [PMID: 33014348 PMCID: PMC7523481 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25904.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mitochondrial protein import complexes arose early in eukaryogenesis. Most of the components of the protein import pathways predate the last eukaryotic common ancestor. For example, the carrier-insertase TIM22 complex comprises the widely conserved Tim22 channel core. However, the auxiliary components of fungal and animal TIM22 complexes are exceptions to this ancient conservation. Methods: Using comparative genomics and phylogenetic approaches, we identified precisely when each TIM22 accretion occurred. Results: In animals, we demonstrate that Tim29 and Tim10b arose early in the holozoan lineage. Tim29 predates the metazoan lineage being present in the animal sister lineages, choanoflagellate and filastereans, whereas the erroneously named Tim10b arose from a duplication of Tim9 at the base of metazoans. In fungi, we show that Tim54 has representatives present in every holomycotan lineage including microsporidians and fonticulids, whereas Tim18 and Tim12 appeared much later in fungal evolution. Specifically, Tim18 and Tim12 arose from duplications of Sdh3 and Tim10, respectively, early in the Saccharomycotina. Surprisingly, we show that Tim54 is distantly related to AGK suggesting that AGK and Tim54 are extremely divergent orthologues and the origin of AGK/Tim54 interaction with Tim22 predates the divergence of animals and fungi. Conclusions: We argue that the evolutionary history of the TIM22 complex is best understood as the neutral structural divergence of an otherwise strongly functionally conserved protein complex. This view suggests that many of the differences in structure/subunit composition of multi-protein complexes are non-adaptive. Instead, most of the phylogenetic variation of functionally conserved molecular machines, which have been under stable selective pressures for vast phylogenetic spans, such as the TIM22 complex, is most likely the outcome of the interplay of random genetic drift and mutation pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Muñoz-Gómez
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Shannon N. Snyder
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Samantha J. Montoya
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jeremy G. Wideman
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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24
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Horten P, Colina-Tenorio L, Rampelt H. Biogenesis of Mitochondrial Metabolite Carriers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1008. [PMID: 32645990 PMCID: PMC7408425 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
: Metabolite carriers of the mitochondrial inner membrane are crucial for cellular physiology since mitochondria contribute essential metabolic reactions and synthesize the majority of the cellular ATP. Like almost all mitochondrial proteins, carriers have to be imported into mitochondria from the cytosol. Carrier precursors utilize a specialized translocation pathway dedicated to the biogenesis of carriers and related proteins, the carrier translocase of the inner membrane (TIM22) pathway. After recognition and import through the mitochondrial outer membrane via the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, carrier precursors are ushered through the intermembrane space by hexameric TIM chaperones and ultimately integrated into the inner membrane by the TIM22 carrier translocase. Recent advances have shed light on the mechanisms of TOM translocase and TIM chaperone function, uncovered an unexpected versatility of the machineries, and revealed novel components and functional crosstalk of the human TIM22 translocase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Horten
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (P.H.); (L.C.-T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lilia Colina-Tenorio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (P.H.); (L.C.-T.)
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike Rampelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (P.H.); (L.C.-T.)
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Stephan T, Brüser C, Deckers M, Steyer AM, Balzarotti F, Barbot M, Behr TS, Heim G, Hübner W, Ilgen P, Lange F, Pacheu-Grau D, Pape JK, Stoldt S, Huser T, Hell SW, Möbius W, Rehling P, Riedel D, Jakobs S. MICOS assembly controls mitochondrial inner membrane remodeling and crista junction redistribution to mediate cristae formation. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104105. [PMID: 32567732 PMCID: PMC7361284 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is critically dependent on the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane into cristae; indeed, numerous human diseases are associated with aberrant crista morphologies. With the MICOS complex, OPA1 and the F1 Fo -ATP synthase, key players of cristae biogenesis have been identified, yet their interplay is poorly understood. Harnessing super-resolution light and 3D electron microscopy, we dissect the roles of these proteins in the formation of cristae in human mitochondria. We individually disrupted the genes of all seven MICOS subunits in human cells and re-expressed Mic10 or Mic60 in the respective knockout cell line. We demonstrate that assembly of the MICOS complex triggers remodeling of pre-existing unstructured cristae and de novo formation of crista junctions (CJs) on existing cristae. We show that the Mic60-subcomplex is sufficient for CJ formation, whereas the Mic10-subcomplex controls lamellar cristae biogenesis. OPA1 stabilizes tubular CJs and, along with the F1 Fo -ATP synthase, fine-tunes the positioning of the MICOS complex and CJs. We propose a new model of cristae formation, involving the coordinated remodeling of an unstructured crista precursor into multiple lamellar cristae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Stephan
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Brüser
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Deckers
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna M Steyer
- Department of Neurogenetics, Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francisco Balzarotti
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariam Barbot
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiana S Behr
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Heim
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Department of Physics, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Ilgen
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Lange
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Pacheu-Grau
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin K Pape
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stoldt
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Huser
- Department of Physics, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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26
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Defining the Substrate Spectrum of the TIM22 Complex Identifies Pyruvate Carrier Subunits as Unconventional Cargos. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1119-1127.e5. [PMID: 32142709 PMCID: PMC7090383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In mitochondria, the carrier translocase (TIM22 complex) facilitates membrane insertion of multi-spanning proteins with internal targeting signals into the inner membrane [1, 2, 3]. Tom70, a subunit of TOM complex, represents the major receptor for these precursors [2, 4, 5, 6]. After transport across the outer membrane, the hydrophobic carriers engage with the small TIM protein complex composed of Tim9 and Tim10 for transport across the intermembrane space (IMS) toward the TIM22 complex [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. Tim22 represents the pore-forming core unit of the complex [13, 14]. Only a small subset of TIM22 cargo molecules, containing four or six transmembrane spans, have been experimentally defined. Here, we used a tim22 temperature-conditional mutant to define the TIM22 substrate spectrum. Along with carrier-like cargo proteins, we identified subunits of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) as unconventional TIM22 cargos. MPC proteins represent substrates with atypical topology for this transport pathway. In agreement with this, a patient affected in TIM22 function displays reduced MPC levels. Our findings broaden the repertoire of carrier pathway substrates and challenge current concepts of TIM22-mediated transport processes. Substrates of mitochondrial TIM22 complex identified by proteomics in S. cerevisiae Carrier proteins with six membrane spans confirmed as substrates Pyruvate carrier (MPC) subunits (two or three membrane spans) transported by TIM22 MPC import dependence on TIM22 is conserved from yeast to human
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Pfanner N, Warscheid B, Wiedemann N. Mitochondrial proteins: from biogenesis to functional networks. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 20:267-284. [PMID: 30626975 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for the viability of eukaryotic cells as they perform crucial functions in bioenergetics, metabolism and signalling and have been associated with numerous diseases. Recent functional and proteomic studies have revealed the remarkable complexity of mitochondrial protein organization. Protein machineries with diverse functions such as protein translocation, respiration, metabolite transport, protein quality control and the control of membrane architecture interact with each other in dynamic networks. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of the mitochondrial protein import machinery as a key organizer of these mitochondrial protein networks. The preprotein translocases that reside on the mitochondrial membranes not only function during organelle biogenesis to deliver newly synthesized proteins to their final mitochondrial destination but also cooperate with numerous other mitochondrial protein complexes that perform a wide range of functions. Moreover, these protein networks form membrane contact sites, for example, with the endoplasmic reticulum, that are key for integration of mitochondria with cellular function, and defects in protein import can lead to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry - Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles of eukaryotic cells. They consist of hundreds of different proteins that exhibit crucial activities in respiration, catabolic metabolism and the synthesis of amino acids, lipids, heme and iron-sulfur clusters. With the exception of a handful of hydrophobic mitochondrially encoded membrane proteins, all these proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes, targeted to receptors on the mitochondrial surface, and transported across or inserted into the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane before they are folded and assembled into their final native structure. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and components of the mitochondrial protein import systems with a particular focus on recent developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja G Hansen
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Johannes M Herrmann
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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29
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Kumar A, Matta SK, D'Silva P. Role of conserved regions of Tim22 in the structural organization of the carrier translocase. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.244632. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis requires efficient sorting of various proteins into different mitochondrial sub-compartments mediated by dedicated protein machinery present in the outer and inner membrane. Among them, the TIM22 complex enables the integration of complex membrane proteins with internal targeting signals into the inner membrane. Although the Tim22 forms the core of the complex, the dynamic recruitment of subunits to the channel is still enigmatic. The present study first-time highlights that IMS and TM4 regions of Tim22 are critically required for the interaction of the membrane-embedded subunits including, Tim54, Tim18, and Sdh3, thereby maintain the functional architecture of TIM22 translocase. On the other hand, TM1 and TM2 regions of Tim22 are important for the Tim18 association, while TM3 is exclusively required for the Sdh3 interaction. Moreover, the impairment in TIM22 complex assembly influences its translocase activity, mitochondrial network, and the viability of cells lacking mitochondrial DNA. Overall our findings provide compelling evidence to highlight the significance of conserved regions of Tim22 that are important for the maintenance of the TIM22 complex and mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Srujan Kumar Matta
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore-560012, India
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30
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Lavdovskaia E, Kolander E, Steube E, Mai MMQ, Urlaub H, Richter-Dennerlein R. The human Obg protein GTPBP10 is involved in mitoribosomal biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:8471-8482. [PMID: 30085210 PMCID: PMC6144781 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human mitochondrial translation apparatus, which synthesizes the core subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system, is of central interest as mutations in several genes encoding for mitoribosomal proteins or translation factors cause severe human diseases. Little is known, how this complex machinery assembles from nuclear-encoded protein components and mitochondrial-encoded RNAs, and which ancillary factors are required to form a functional mitoribosome. We have characterized the human Obg protein GTPBP10, which associates specifically with the mitoribosomal large subunit at a late maturation state. Defining its interactome, we have shown that GTPBP10 is in a complex with other mtLSU biogenesis factors including mitochondrial RNA granule components, the 16S rRNA module and late mtLSU assembly factors such as MALSU1, SMCR7L, MTERF4 and NSUN4. GTPBP10 deficiency leads to a drastic reduction in 55S monosome formation resulting in defective mtDNA-expression and in a decrease in cell growth. Our results suggest that GTPBP10 is a ribosome biogenesis factor of the mtLSU required for late stages of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lavdovskaia
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisa Kolander
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Emely Steube
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mandy Mong-Quyen Mai
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Callegari S, Müller T, Schulz C, Lenz C, Jans DC, Wissel M, Opazo F, Rizzoli SO, Jakobs S, Urlaub H, Rehling P, Deckers M. A MICOS-TIM22 Association Promotes Carrier Import into Human Mitochondria. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2835-2851. [PMID: 31103774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane proteins with internal targeting signals are inserted into the inner membrane by the carrier translocase (TIM22 complex). For this, precursors have to be initially directed from the TOM complex in the outer mitochondrial membrane across the intermembrane space toward the TIM22 complex. How these two translocation processes are topologically coordinated is still unresolved. Using proteomic approaches, we find that the human TIM22 complex associates with the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. This association does not appear to be conserved in yeast, whereby the yeast MICOS complex instead interacts with the presequence translocase. Using a yeast mic10Δ strain and a HEK293T MIC10 knockout cell line, we characterize the role of MICOS for protein import into the mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix. We find that a physiological cristae organization promotes efficient import via the presequence pathway in yeast, while in human mitochondria, the MICOS complex is dispensable for protein import along the presequence pathway. However, in human mitochondria, the MICOS complex is required for the efficient import of carrier proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Our analyses suggest that in human mitochondria, positioning of the carrier translocase at the crista junction, and potentially in vicinity to the TOM complex, is required for efficient transport into the inner membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Callegari
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel C Jans
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Mitochondrial Structure and Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, 11 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Wissel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Opazo
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Mitochondrial Structure and Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, 11 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Markus Deckers
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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32
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Pacheu-Grau D, Callegari S, Emperador S, Thompson K, Aich A, Topol SE, Spencer EG, McFarland R, Ruiz-Pesini E, Torkamani A, Taylor RW, Montoya J, Rehling P. Mutations of the mitochondrial carrier translocase channel subunit TIM22 cause early-onset mitochondrial myopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:4135-4144. [PMID: 30452684 PMCID: PMC6240735 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein import into mitochondria is facilitated by translocases within the outer and the inner mitochondrial membranes that are dedicated to a highly specific subset of client proteins. The mitochondrial carrier translocase (TIM22 complex) inserts multispanning proteins, such as mitochondrial metabolite carriers and translocase subunits (TIM23, TIM17A/B and TIM22), into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Both types of substrates are essential for mitochondrial metabolic function and biogenesis. Here, we report on a subject, diagnosed at 1.5 years, with a neuromuscular presentation, comprising hypotonia, gastroesophageal reflux disease and persistently elevated serum and Cerebrospinal fluid lactate (CSF). Patient fibroblasts displayed reduced oxidative capacity and altered mitochondrial morphology. Using trans-mitochondrial cybrid cell lines, we excluded a candidate variant in mitochondrial DNA as causative of these effects. Whole-exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in the TIM22 gene (NM_013337), resulting in premature truncation in one allele (p.Tyr25Ter) and a point mutation in a conserved residue (p.Val33Leu), within the intermembrane space region, of the TIM22 protein in the second allele. Although mRNA transcripts of TIM22 were elevated, biochemical analyses revealed lower levels of TIM22 protein and an even greater deficiency of TIM22 complex formation. In agreement with a defect in carrier translocase function, carrier protein amounts in the inner membrane were found to be reduced. This is the first report of pathogenic variants in the TIM22 pore-forming subunit of the carrier translocase affecting the biogenesis of inner mitochondrial membrane proteins critical for metabolite exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pacheu-Grau
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37073, Germany
| | - Sylvie Callegari
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37073, Germany
| | - Sonia Emperador
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza-CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Kyle Thompson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Aich
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37073, Germany
| | - Sarah E Topol
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Emily G Spencer
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza-CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Ali Torkamani
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza-CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37073, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Heinemeyer T, Stemmet M, Bardien S, Neethling A. Underappreciated Roles of the Translocase of the Outer and Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Protein Complexes in Human Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 38:23-40. [PMID: 30481057 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for cellular survival, and for their proper functioning, translocation of ∼1500 proteins across the mitochondrial membranes is required. The translocase of the outer (TOMM) and inner mitochondrial membrane (TIMM) complexes are major components of this translocation machinery. Through specific processes, preproteins and other molecules are imported, translocated, and directed to specific mitochondrial compartments for their function. In this study, we review the association of subunits of these complexes with human disease. Pathogenic mutations have been identified in the TIMM8A (DDP) and DNAJC19 (TIMM14) genes and are linked to Mohr-Tranebjærg syndrome and dilated cardiomyopathy syndrome (with and without ataxia), respectively. Polymorphisms in TOMM40 have been associated with Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Parkinson's disease with dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, nonpathological cognitive aging, and various cardiovascular-related traits. Furthermore, reduced protein expression levels of several complex subunits have been associated with Parkinson's disease, Meniere's disease, and cardiovascular disorders. However, increased mRNA and protein levels of complex subunits are found in cancers. This review highlights the importance of the mitochondrial import machinery in human disease and stresses the need for further studies. Ultimately, this knowledge may prove to be critical for the development of therapeutic modalities for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Heinemeyer
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monique Stemmet
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annika Neethling
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
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Jin C, Bao J, Wang Y, Chen W, Wu T, Wang L, Lv X, Gao W, Wang B, Zhu G, Dai G, Sun W. Changes in long non-coding RNA expression profiles related to the antagonistic effects of Escherichia coli F17 on lamb spleens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16514. [PMID: 30410073 PMCID: PMC6224397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep colibacillosis is one of the most common bacterial diseases found at large-scale sheep farms. The aim of this study was to employ RNA-seq to screen differentially expressed (DE) long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that impart antagonistic or sensitive effects on Escherichia coli F17. In this study, individuals who had antagonistic or sensitive responses to E. coli F17 were identified by feeding E. coli F17 strains to Hu lambs. The sensitive group had higher levels of intestinal bacteria than that in the antagonistic group (P < 0.05), the jejunum showed various levels of mucosal tissue damage and had a dark colour, and disintegration of part of the small intestinal villi was observed. Totals of 34 DE lncRNAs and 703 DE mRNAs in two groups were identified. qRT-PCR results for 12 randomly selected DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were consistent with the RNA-seq data. Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG Pathway enrichment and lncRNA-mRNA interaction analyses identified 6 co-expressed genes, namely, MYO1G, TIMM29, CARM1, ADGRB1, SEPT4, and DESI2. This is the first study that has performed expression profiling of lncRNAs in the spleen of antagonistic and sensitive lambs. The identification of DE lncRNAs can facilitate investigations into the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to diarrhoea in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Jin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Buzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Xilaiyuan Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guojun Dai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China. .,Joint international research laboratory of agriculture and agri - product safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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35
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Mitochondrial diseases caused by dysfunctional mitochondrial protein import. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1225-1238. [PMID: 30287509 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles which perform complex and varied functions within eukaryotic cells. Maintenance of mitochondrial health and functionality is thus a key cellular priority and relies on the organelle's extensive proteome. The mitochondrial proteome is largely encoded by nuclear genes, and mitochondrial proteins must be sorted to the correct mitochondrial sub-compartment post-translationally. This essential process is carried out by multimeric and dynamic translocation and sorting machineries, which can be found in all four mitochondrial compartments. Interestingly, advances in the diagnosis of genetic disease have revealed that mutations in various components of the human import machinery can cause mitochondrial disease, a heterogenous and often severe collection of disorders associated with energy generation defects and a multisystem presentation often affecting the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Here, we review our current understanding of mitochondrial protein import systems in human cells and the molecular basis of mitochondrial diseases caused by defects in these pathways.
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Reyes A, Melchionda L, Burlina A, Robinson AJ, Ghezzi D, Zeviani M. Mutations in TIMM50 compromise cell survival in OxPhos-dependent metabolic conditions. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:emmm.201708698. [PMID: 30190335 PMCID: PMC6180300 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TIMM50 is an essential component of the TIM23 complex, the mitochondrial inner membrane machinery that imports cytosolic proteins containing a mitochondrial targeting presequence into the mitochondrial inner compartment. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified compound heterozygous pathogenic mutations in TIMM50 in an infant patient with rapidly progressive, severe encephalopathy. Patient fibroblasts presented low levels of TIMM50 and other components of the TIM23 complex, lower mitochondrial membrane potential, and impaired TIM23-dependent protein import. As a consequence, steady-state levels of several components of mitochondrial respiratory chain were decreased, resulting in decreased respiration and increased ROS production. Growth of patient fibroblasts in galactose shifted energy production metabolism toward oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), producing an apparent improvement in most of the above features but also increased apoptosis. Complementation of patient fibroblasts with TIMM50 improved or restored these features to control levels. Moreover, RNASEH1 and ISCU mutant fibroblasts only shared a few of these features with TIMM50 mutant fibroblasts. Our results indicate that mutations in TIMM50 cause multiple mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and that functional TIMM50 is essential for cell survival in OxPhos-dependent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Reyes
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Laura Melchionda
- Unit of Molecular NeurogeneticsFoundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute‐IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic DiseasesDepartment of PediatricsUniversity Hospital PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Alan J Robinson
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Molecular NeurogeneticsFoundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute‐IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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37
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Lorenzi I, Oeljeklaus S, Aich A, Ronsör C, Callegari S, Dudek J, Warscheid B, Dennerlein S, Rehling P. The mitochondrial TMEM177 associates with COX20 during COX2 biogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:323-333. [PMID: 29154948 PMCID: PMC5764226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The three mitochondrial-encoded proteins, COX1, COX2, and COX3, form the core of the cytochrome c oxidase. Upon synthesis, COX2 engages with COX20 in the inner mitochondrial membrane, a scaffold protein that recruits metallochaperones for copper delivery to the CuA-Site of COX2. Here we identified the human protein, TMEM177 as a constituent of the COX20 interaction network. Loss or increase in the amount of TMEM177 affects COX20 abundance leading to reduced or increased COX20 levels respectively. TMEM177 associates with newly synthesized COX2 and SCO2 in a COX20-dependent manner. Our data shows that by unbalancing the amount of TMEM177, newly synthesized COX2 accumulates in a COX20-associated state. We conclude that TMEM177 promotes assembly of COX2 at the level of CuA-site formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isotta Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, University Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Abhishek Aich
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christin Ronsör
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sylvie Callegari
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, University Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, GZMB, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Mårtensson CU, Becker T. Acylglycerol Kinase: Mitochondrial Protein Transport Meets Lipid Biosynthesis. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:700-702. [PMID: 28867158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The carrier translocase (TIM22 complex) inserts hydrophobic proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Recently, the acylglycerol kinase (AGK) mutated in Sengers syndrome was identified as a novel subunit of the human TIM22 complex. This finding reveals an exciting link between mitochondrial protein and lipid biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph U Mårtensson
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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39
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Vukotic M, Nolte H, König T, Saita S, Ananjew M, Krüger M, Tatsuta T, Langer T. Acylglycerol Kinase Mutated in Sengers Syndrome Is a Subunit of the TIM22 Protein Translocase in Mitochondria. Mol Cell 2017; 67:471-483.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Sengers Syndrome-Associated Mitochondrial Acylglycerol Kinase Is a Subunit of the Human TIM22 Protein Import Complex. Mol Cell 2017; 67:457-470.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Kang Y, Fielden LF, Stojanovski D. Mitochondrial protein transport in health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 76:142-153. [PMID: 28765093 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are fundamental structures that fulfil important and diverse functions within cells, including cellular respiration and iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Mitochondrial function is reliant on the organelles proteome, which is maintained and adjusted depending on cellular requirements. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and must be trafficked to, and imported into the organelle following synthesis in the cytosol. These nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursors utilise dynamic and multimeric translocation machines to traverse the organelles membranes and be partitioned to the appropriate mitochondrial subcompartment. Yeast model systems have been instrumental in establishing the molecular basis of mitochondrial protein import machines and mechanisms, however unique players and mechanisms are apparent in higher eukaryotes. Here, we review our current knowledge on mitochondrial protein import in human cells and how dysfunction in these pathways can lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Laura F Fielden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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42
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Dayan D, Azem A. Classical biochemistry reveals the complexity of the mitochondrial protein import system. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:255-256. [PMID: 28101952 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Dayan
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Israel
| | - Abdussalam Azem
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Israel
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43
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Wasilewski M, Chojnacka K, Chacinska A. Protein trafficking at the crossroads to mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:125-137. [PMID: 27810356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central power stations in the cell, which additionally serve as metabolic hubs for a plethora of anabolic and catabolic processes. The sustained function of mitochondria requires the precisely controlled biogenesis and expression coordination of proteins that originate from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Accuracy of targeting, transport and assembly of mitochondrial proteins is also needed to avoid deleterious effects on protein homeostasis in the cell. Checkpoints of mitochondrial protein transport can serve as signals that provide information about the functional status of the organelles. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of mitochondrial protein transport and discuss examples that involve communication with the nucleus and cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Wasilewski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland.
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