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Bai Y, Liang S, Zhou Y, Zhou B. Transcriptomic analysis reveals pharmacological mechanisms mediating efficacy of Yangyinghuoxue Decoction in CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364023. [PMID: 38813108 PMCID: PMC11133554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose As a traditional Chinese medicine formula, Yangyinghuoxue Decoction (YYHXD) is used clinically for therapy of hepatic fibrosis. The pharmacological profile of YYHXD comprises multiple components acting on many targets and pathways, but the pharmacological mechanisms underlying its efficacy have not been thoroughly elucidated. This study aimed at probing the pharmacological mechanisms of YYHXD in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. Methods YYHXD aqueous extract was prepared and quality control using HPLC-MS fingerprint analysis was performed. A CCl4-induced rat model of hepatic fibrosis was established, and animals were randomly assigned to six groups: control, low-dose YYHXD (L-YYHXD), medium-dose YYHXD (M-YYHXD), high-dose YYHXD (H-YYHXD), CCl4 model, and colchicine group. Rats in the treatment groups received daily oral administration of YYHXD (5, 10, or 20 g/kg) or colchicine (0.2 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, while the control and model groups received distilled water. Histological analysis, including hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson's trichrome staining, was performed to evaluate hepatic fibrosis. Serum biochemical markers, such as AST, ALT, HA, and LN, were measured. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and oxidative stress indicators (SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA) in hepatic tissue were also assessed. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis using RNA-sequencing was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the control, CCl4 model, and H-YYHXD groups. Bioinformatics analysis, including differential expression analysis, protein-protein interaction analysis, and functional enrichment analysis, were performed to probe the pharmacological mechanisms of YYHXD. The regulatory effects of YYHXD on fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis were further confirmed by Oil Red O staining, enzyme activity assays, qPCR, and Western blotting. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining also validated the involvement of the AMPK signaling pathway in the occurrence and progression of hepatic fibrosis. Results HE and Masson's trichrome staining revealed reduced collagen deposition and improved liver architecture in YYHXD groups compared to the CCl4 model group. Serum biochemical markers, including AST, ALT, HA, and LN, were significantly improved in the YYHXD-treated groups compared to the CCl4 model group. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and oxidative stress indicators (decreased SOD and GSH-Px, increased MDA) in hepatic tissue were significantly ameliorated by YYHXD treatment compared to the CCl4 model group. Moreover, 96 genes implicated in YYHXD therapy of hepatic fibrosis were screened from the transcriptomic data, which were principally enriched in biological pathways such as fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis, and the AMPK signaling pathway. Oil Red O staining showed reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by YYHXD in a dose-dependent manner, along with decreased serum TG, TC, and LDL-C levels. Additionally, qPCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated upregulated mRNA and protein expression of key enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis, Fasn and Fads2, modulated by YYHXD. YYHXD also dose-dependently enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK as evidenced by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Conclusion YYHXD ameliorated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats through pharmacological mechanisms that involved manifold targets and pathways, including aliphatic acid synthesis and metabolism pathways and the AMPK signaling pathway. This study provided a reference and basis for further research and clinical utilization of YYHXD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhao Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Regional Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Gao G, Liu R, Hu S, He M, Zhang J, Gao D, Li J, Hu J, Wang J, Wang Q, Li M, Jin L. Exploring the dynamic three-dimensional chromatin architecture and transcriptional landscape in goose liver tissues underlying metabolic adaptations induced by a high-fat diet. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:60. [PMID: 38693536 PMCID: PMC11064361 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Goose, descendants of migratory ancestors, have undergone extensive selective breeding, resulting in their remarkable ability to accumulate fat in the liver and exhibit a high tolerance for significant energy intake. As a result, goose offers an excellent model for studying obesity, metabolic disorders, and liver diseases in mammals. Although the impact of the three-dimensional arrangement of chromatin within the cell nucleus on gene expression and transcriptional regulation is widely acknowledged, the precise functions of chromatin architecture reorganization during fat deposition in goose liver tissues still need to be fully comprehended. RESULTS In this study, geese exhibited more pronounced changes in the liver index and triglyceride (TG) content following the consumption of the high-fat diet (HFD) than mice without significant signs of inflammation. Additionally, we performed comprehensive analyses on 10 goose liver tissues (5 HFD, 5 normal), including generating high-resolution maps of chromatin architecture, conducting whole-genome gene expression profiling, and identifying H3K27ac peaks in the livers of geese and mice subjected to the HFD. Our results unveiled a multiscale restructuring of chromatin architecture, encompassing Compartment A/B, topologically associated domains, and interactions between promoters and enhancers. The dynamism of the three-dimensional genome architecture, prompted by the HFD, assumed a pivotal role in the transcriptional regulation of crucial genes. Furthermore, we identified genes that regulate chromatin conformation changes, contributing to the metabolic adaptation process of lipid deposition and hepatic fat changes in geese in response to excessive energy intake. Moreover, we conducted a cross-species analysis comparing geese and mice exposed to the HFD, revealing unique characteristics specific to the goose liver compared to a mouse. These chromatin conformation changes help elucidate the observed characteristics of fat deposition and hepatic fat regulation in geese under conditions of excessive energy intake. CONCLUSIONS We examined the dynamic modifications in three-dimensional chromatin architecture and gene expression induced by an HFD in goose liver tissues. We conducted a cross-species analysis comparing that of mice. Our results contribute significant insights into the chromatin architecture of goose liver tissues, offering a novel perspective for investigating mammal liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Gao
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Institute of Poultry Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Silu Hu
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mengnan He
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiaman Zhang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Li
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qigui Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Institute of Poultry Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Long Jin
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Vetr NG, Gay NR, Montgomery SB. The impact of exercise on gene regulation in association with complex trait genetics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3346. [PMID: 38693125 PMCID: PMC11063075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training is known to reduce risk for a range of complex diseases. However, the molecular basis of this effect has been challenging to study and largely restricted to analyses of either few or easily biopsied tissues. Extensive transcriptome data collected across 15 tissues during exercise training in rats as part of the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium has provided a unique opportunity to clarify how exercise can affect tissue-specific gene expression and further suggest how exercise adaptation may impact complex disease-associated genes. To build this map, we integrate this multi-tissue atlas of gene expression changes with gene-disease targets, genetic regulation of expression, and trait relationship data in humans. Consensus from multiple approaches prioritizes specific tissues and genes where endurance exercise impacts disease-relevant gene expression. Specifically, we identify a total of 5523 trait-tissue-gene triplets to serve as a valuable starting point for future investigations [Exercise; Transcription; Human Phenotypic Variation].
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Price TR, Emfinger CH, Schueler KL, King S, Nicholson R, Beck T, Yandell BS, Summers SA, Holland WL, Krauss RM, Keller MP, Attie AD. Identification of genetic drivers of plasma lipoprotein size in the Diversity Outbred mouse population. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100471. [PMID: 37944753 PMCID: PMC10750189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite great progress in understanding lipoprotein physiology, there is still much to be learned about the genetic drivers of lipoprotein abundance, composition, and function. We used ion mobility spectrometry to survey 16 plasma lipoprotein subfractions in 500 Diversity Outbred mice maintained on a Western-style diet. We identified 21 quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting lipoprotein abundance. To refine the QTL and link them to disease risk in humans, we asked if the human homologs of genes located at each QTL were associated with lipid traits in human genome-wide association studies. Integration of mouse QTL with human genome-wide association studies yielded candidate gene drivers for 18 of the 21 QTL. This approach enabled us to nominate the gene encoding the neutral ceramidase, Asah2, as a novel candidate driver at a QTL on chromosome 19 for large HDL particles (HDL-2b). To experimentally validate Asah2, we surveyed lipoproteins in Asah2-/- mice. Compared to wild-type mice, female Asah2-/- mice showed an increase in several lipoproteins, including HDL. Our results provide insights into the genetic regulation of circulating lipoproteins, as well as mechanisms by which lipoprotein subfractions may affect cardiovascular disease risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara R Price
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Kathryn L Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah King
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebekah Nicholson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tim Beck
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Brian S Yandell
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Hendriks D, Brouwers JF, Hamer K, Geurts MH, Luciana L, Massalini S, López-Iglesias C, Peters PJ, Rodríguez-Colman MJ, Chuva de Sousa Lopes S, Artegiani B, Clevers H. Engineered human hepatocyte organoids enable CRISPR-based target discovery and drug screening for steatosis. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1567-1581. [PMID: 36823355 PMCID: PMC10635827 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The lack of registered drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is partly due to the paucity of human-relevant models for target discovery and compound screening. Here we use human fetal hepatocyte organoids to model the first stage of NAFLD, steatosis, representing three different triggers: free fatty acid loading, interindividual genetic variability (PNPLA3 I148M) and monogenic lipid disorders (APOB and MTTP mutations). Screening of drug candidates revealed compounds effective at resolving steatosis. Mechanistic evaluation of effective drugs uncovered repression of de novo lipogenesis as the convergent molecular pathway. We present FatTracer, a CRISPR screening platform to identify steatosis modulators and putative targets using APOB-/- and MTTP-/- organoids. From a screen targeting 35 genes implicated in lipid metabolism and/or NAFLD risk, FADS2 (fatty acid desaturase 2) emerged as an important determinant of hepatic steatosis. Enhancement of FADS2 expression increases polyunsaturated fatty acid abundancy which, in turn, reduces de novo lipogenesis. These organoid models facilitate study of steatosis etiology and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delilah Hendriks
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Research Group Analysis Techniques in the Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, The Netherlands
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Hamer
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten H Geurts
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Léa Luciana
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Massalini
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Peters
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Rodríguez-Colman
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Benedetta Artegiani
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Pharma, Research and Early Development of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
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Yang Y, Hsiao YC, Liu CW, Lu K. The Role of the Nuclear Receptor FXR in Arsenic-Induced Glucose Intolerance in Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:833. [PMID: 37888683 PMCID: PMC10611046 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic in drinking water is prioritized as a top environmental contaminant by the World Health Organization, with over 230 million people potentially being exposed. Arsenic toxicity has been well documented and is associated with a plethora of human diseases, including diabetes, as established in numerous animal and epidemiological studies. Our previous study revealed that arsenic exposure leads to the inhibition of nuclear receptors, including LXR/RXR. To this end, FXR is a nuclear receptor central to glucose and lipid metabolism. However, limited studies are available for understanding arsenic exposure-FXR interactions. Herein, we report that FXR knockout mice developed more profound glucose intolerance than wild-type mice upon arsenic exposure, supporting the regulatory role of FXR in arsenic-induced glucose intolerance. We further exposed mice to arsenic and tested if GW4064, a FXR agonist, could improve glucose intolerance and dysregulation of hepatic proteins and serum metabolites. Our data showed arsenic-induced glucose intolerance was remarkably diminished by GW4064, accompanied by a significant ratio of alleviation of dysregulation in hepatic proteins (83%) and annotated serum metabolites (58%). In particular, hepatic proteins "rescued" from arsenic toxicity by GW4064 featured members of glucose and lipid utilization. For instance, the expression of PCK1, a candidate gene for diabetes and obesity that facilitates gluconeogenesis, was repressed under arsenic exposure in the liver, but revived with the GW4064 supplement. Together, our comprehensive dataset indicates FXR plays a key role and may serve as a potential therapeutic for arsenic-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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7
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Šarac I, Debeljak-Martačić J, Takić M, Stevanović V, Milešević J, Zeković M, Popović T, Jovanović J, Vidović NK. Associations of fatty acids composition and estimated desaturase activities in erythrocyte phospholipids with biochemical and clinical indicators of cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic Serbian women: the role of level of adiposity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1065578. [PMID: 37545582 PMCID: PMC10397414 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1065578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatty acids (FAs) composition and desaturase activities can be altered in different metabolic conditions, but the adiposity-independent associations with clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the associations of FAs composition and estimated desaturase activities with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical cardiometabolic risk indicators in non-diabetic Serbian women, and to investigate if these associations were independent of the level of adiposity and other confounders. Methods In 76 non-diabetic, otherwise healthy Serbian women, aged 24-68 years, with or without metabolic syndrome or obesity (BMI=23.6±5.6 kg/m2), FA composition in erythrocyte phospholipids was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase activities were estimated from product/precursor FAs ratios (D9D:16:1n-7/16:0; D6D:20:3n-6/18:2n-6; D5D:20:4n-6/20:3n-6). Correlations were made with anthropometric, biochemical (serum glucose, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and their ratios) and clinical (blood pressure) indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Linear regression models were performed to test the independence of these associations. Results Estimated desaturase activities and certain FAs were associated with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk: D9D, D6D, 16:1n-7 and 20:3n-6 were directly associated, while D5D and 18:0 were inversely associated. However, the associations with clinical and biochemical indicators were not independent of the associations with the level of adiposity, since they were lost after controlling for anthropometric indices. After controlling for multiple confounders (age, postmenopausal status, education, smoking, physical activity, dietary macronutrient intakes, use of supplements, alcohol consumption), the level of adiposity was the most significant predictor of desaturase activities and aforementioned FAs levels, and mediated their association with biochemical/clinical indicators. Vice versa, desaturase activities predicted the level of adiposity, but not other components of cardiometabolic risk (if the level of adiposity was accounted). While the associations of anthropometric indices with 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6, 18:0 and D9D and D6D activities were linear, the associations with D5D activity were the inverse U-shaped. The only adiposity-independent association of FAs profiles with the indicators of cardiometabolic risk was a positive association of 20:5n-3 with ALT/AST ratio, which requires further exploration. Discussion Additional studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Stevanović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovica Jovanović
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kardum Vidović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Yamamoto H, Lee-Okada HC, Ikeda M, Nakamura T, Saito T, Takata A, Yokomizo T, Iwata N, Kato T, Kasahara T. GWAS-identified bipolar disorder risk allele in the FADS1/2 gene region links mood episodes and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in mutant mice. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2848-2856. [PMID: 36806390 PMCID: PMC10615742 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on bipolar disorder (BD) have implicated the involvement of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) locus. These enzymes (FADS1 and FADS2) are involved in the metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are thought to potentially benefit patients with mood disorders. To model reductions in the activity of FADS1/2 affected by the susceptibility alleles, we generated mutant mice heterozygously lacking both Fads1/2 genes. We measured wheel-running activity over six months and observed bipolar swings in activity, including hyperactivity and hypoactivity. The hyperactivity episodes, in which activity was far above the norm, usually lasted half a day; mice manifested significantly shorter immobility times on the behavioral despair test performed during these episodes. The hypoactivity episodes, which lasted for several weeks, were accompanied by abnormal circadian rhythms and a marked decrease in wheel running, a spontaneous behavior associated with motivation and reward systems. We comprehensively examined lipid composition in the brain and found that levels of certain lipids were significantly altered between wild-type and the heterozygous mutant mice, but no changes were consistent with both sexes and either DHA or EPA was not altered. However, supplementation with DHA or a mixture of DHA and EPA prevented these episodic behavioral changes. Here we propose that heterozygous Fads1/2 knockout mice are a model of BD with robust constitutive, face, and predictive validity, as administration of the mood stabilizer lithium was also effective. This GWAS-based model helps to clarify how lipids and their metabolisms are involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirona Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takata
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Research Institute for Disease of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takaoki Kasahara
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
- Career Development Program, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaboration Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
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9
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Wang C, Hucik B, Sarr O, Brown LH, Wells KRD, Brunt KR, Nakamura MT, Harasim-Symbor E, Chabowski A, Mutch DM. Delta-6 desaturase (Fads2) deficiency alters triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycling in murine white adipose tissue. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100376. [PMID: 37085033 PMCID: PMC10323924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Δ-6 desaturase (D6D) enzyme is not only critical for the synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from α-linolenic acid (ALA), but recent evidence suggests that it also plays a role in adipocyte lipid metabolism and body weight; however, the mechanisms remain largely unexplored. The goal of this study was to investigate if a D6D deficiency would inhibit triacylglycerol storage and alter lipolytic and lipogenic pathways in mouse white adipose tissue (WAT) depots due to a disruption in EPA and DHA production. Male C57BL/6J D6D knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed either a 7% w/w lard or flax (ALA rich) diet for 21 weeks. Energy expenditure, physical activity, and substrate utilization were measured with metabolic caging. Inguinal and epididymal WAT depots were analyzed for changes in tissue weight, fatty acid composition, adipocyte size, and markers of lipogenesis, lipolysis, and insulin signaling. KO mice had lower body weight, higher serum nonesterified fatty acids, smaller WAT depots, and reduced adipocyte size compared to WT mice without altered food intake, energy expenditure, or physical activity, regardless of the diet. Markers of lipogenesis and lipolysis were more highly expressed in KO mice compared to WT mice in both depots, regardless of the diet. These changes were concomitant with lower basal insulin signaling in WAT. Collectively, a D6D deficiency alters triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycling in WAT by promoting lipolysis and reducing fatty acid re-esterification, which may be partially attributed to a reduction in WAT insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Wang
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Barbora Hucik
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Liam H Brown
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle R D Wells
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Manabu T Nakamura
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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10
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Raas Q, Tawbeh A, Tahri-Joutey M, Gondcaille C, Keime C, Kaiser R, Trompier D, Nasser B, Leoni V, Bellanger E, Boussand M, Hamon Y, Benani A, Di Cara F, Truntzer C, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Andreoletti P, Savary S. Peroxisomal defects in microglial cells induce a disease-associated microglial signature. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1170313. [PMID: 37138705 PMCID: PMC10149961 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1170313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells ensure essential roles in brain homeostasis. In pathological condition, microglia adopt a common signature, called disease-associated microglial (DAM) signature, characterized by the loss of homeostatic genes and the induction of disease-associated genes. In X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), the most common peroxisomal disease, microglial defect has been shown to precede myelin degradation and may actively contribute to the neurodegenerative process. We previously established BV-2 microglial cell models bearing mutations in peroxisomal genes that recapitulate some of the hallmarks of the peroxisomal β-oxidation defects such as very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) accumulation. In these cell lines, we used RNA-sequencing and identified large-scale reprogramming for genes involved in lipid metabolism, immune response, cell signaling, lysosome and autophagy, as well as a DAM-like signature. We highlighted cholesterol accumulation in plasma membranes and observed autophagy patterns in the cell mutants. We confirmed the upregulation or downregulation at the protein level for a few selected genes that mostly corroborated our observations and clearly demonstrated increased expression and secretion of DAM proteins in the BV-2 mutant cells. In conclusion, the peroxisomal defects in microglial cells not only impact on VLCFA metabolism but also force microglial cells to adopt a pathological phenotype likely representing a key contributor to the pathogenesis of peroxisomal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Raas
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ali Tawbeh
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Mounia Tahri-Joutey
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Hassan I, Settat, Morocco
| | | | - Céline Keime
- Plateforme GenomEast, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Romain Kaiser
- Plateforme GenomEast, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Doriane Trompier
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Hassan I, Settat, Morocco
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Emma Bellanger
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Maud Boussand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Yannick Hamon
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Francesca Di Cara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Caroline Truntzer
- Platform of Transfer in Biological Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center–Unicancer, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Savary
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- *Correspondence: Stéphane Savary,
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11
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Li X, Bai Y, Li J, Chen Z, Ma Y, Shi B, Han X, Luo Y, Hu J, Wang J, Liu X, Li S, Zhao Z. Transcriptional analysis of microRNAs related to unsaturated fatty acid synthesis by interfering bovine adipocyte ACSL1 gene. Front Genet 2022; 13:994806. [PMID: 36226194 PMCID: PMC9548527 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.994806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthase 1 (ACSL1) plays a vital role in the synthesis and metabolism of fatty acids. The proportion of highly unsaturated fatty acids in beef not only affects the flavor and improves the meat’s nutritional value. In this study, si-ACSL1 and NC-ACSL1 were transfected in bovine preadipocytes, respectively, collected cells were isolated on the fourth day of induction, and then RNA-Seq technology was used to screen miRNAs related to unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. A total of 1,075 miRNAs were characterized as differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs), of which the expressions of 16 miRNAs were upregulated, and that of 12 were downregulated. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the target genes of DE-miRNAs were mainly involved in biological regulation and metabolic processes. Additionally, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis identified that the target genes of DE-miRNAs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, fatty acid metabolism, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid elongation, and glucagon signaling pathway. Combined with the previous mRNA sequencing results, several key miRNA-mRNA targeting relationship pairs, i.e., novel-m0035-5p—ACSL1, novel-m0035-5p—ELOVL4, miR-9-X—ACSL1, bta-miR-677—ACSL1, miR-129-X—ELOVL4, and bta-miR-485—FADS2 were screened via the miRNA-mRNA interaction network. Thus, the results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further research on miRNA regulation of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in bovine adipocytes.
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12
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Ri K, Lee-Okada HC, Yokomizo T. Omega-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids in Leydig cells facilitate male sex hormone production. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1001. [PMID: 36131086 PMCID: PMC9492697 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) are fatty acids with more than three double bonds in the molecule. Mammalian testes contain very high levels of omega-6 HUFAs compared with other tissues. However, the metabolic and biological significance of these HUFAs in the mammalian testis is poorly understood. Here we show that Leydig cells vigorously synthesize omega-6 HUFAs to facilitate male sex hormone production. In the testis, FADS2 (Fatty acid desaturase 2), the rate-limiting enzyme for HUFA biosynthesis, is highly expressed in Leydig cells. In this study, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of FADS2 drastically reduces the production of omega-6 HUFAs and male steroid hormones in Leydig cells; this reduction is significantly rescued by supplementation with omega-6 HUFAs. Mechanistically, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL; also called LIPE), a lipase that supplies free cholesterol for steroid hormone production, preferentially hydrolyzes HUFA-containing cholesteryl esters as substrates. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Leydig cells highly express FADS2 to facilitate male steroid hormone production by accumulating omega-6 HUFA-containing cholesteryl esters, which serve as preferred substrates for HSL. These findings unveil a previously unrecognized importance of omega-6 HUFAs in the mammalian male reproductive system. Leydig cells highly express FADS2 to facilitate male steroid hormone production by accumulating omega-6 HUFA-containing cholesteryl esters, which serve as preferred substrates for hormone-sensitive lipase
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiken Ri
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Lee-Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Consumption of salmon fishmeal increases hepatic cholesterol content in obese C57BL/6 J mice. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4027-4043. [PMID: 35788891 PMCID: PMC9596588 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose By-products from farmed fish contain large amounts of proteins and may be used for human consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiometabolic effects and metabolic tolerance in mice consuming fishmeal from salmon by-products, salmon filet or beef. Methods Female C57BL/6J mice were fed chow, as a healthy reference group, or a high-fat diet for 10 weeks to induce obesity and glucose intolerance. Obese mice were subsequently given isocaloric diets containing 50% of the dietary protein from salmon fishmeal, salmon filet or beef for 10 weeks. Mice were subjected to metabolic phenotyping, which included measurements of body composition, energy metabolism in metabolic cages and glucose tolerance. Lipid content and markers of hepatic toxicity were determined in plasma and liver. Hepatic gene and protein expression was determined with RNA sequencing and immunoblotting. Results Mice fed fishmeal, salmon filet or beef had similar food intake, energy consumption, body weight gain, adiposity, glucose tolerance and circulating levels of lipids and hepatic toxicity markers, such as p-ALT and p-AST. Fishmeal increased hepatic cholesterol levels by 35–36% as compared to salmon filet (p = 0.0001) and beef (p = 0.005). This was accompanied by repressed expression of genes involved in steroid and cholesterol metabolism and reduced levels of circulating Pcsk9. Conclusion Salmon fishmeal was well tolerated, but increased hepatic cholesterol content. The high cholesterol content in fishmeal may be responsible for the effects on hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Before introducing fishmeal from salmon by-products as a dietary component, it may be advantageous to reduce the cholesterol content in fishmeal. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-022-02930-y.
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14
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Liu W, Wang X, Liu Y, Fang S, Wu Z, Han C, Shi W, Bao Y. Effects of early florfenicol exposure on glutathione signaling pathway and PPAR signaling pathway in chick liver. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113529. [PMID: 35487170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol (FFC) is a common antibiotic for animals. The nonstandard and excessive use of FFC can cause veterinary drug residues in animals, pollute soil and marine environment, and even threaten human health. Therefore, it is necessary to study the toxicity and side effects of FFC on animals. Our previous studies have proved that FFC can cause liver injury in chicks, but there are few in-depth studies on the mechanism of FFC causing liver injury at the level of signaling pathway in chicks. Therefore, transcriptome and proteome sequencing were performed and combined analysis was performed. Sequencing results showed that 1989 genes and 917 proteins were significantly changed in chick livers after FFC exposure. These genes and proteins are related to redox, glutathione transferase activity and lipid metabolism. There are 9 significantly different genes and 7 significantly different proteins in glutathione signaling pathway. Oxidative stress may occur in the liver of chicks through the change of activation state of glutathione signaling pathway. And there are 13 significantly different genes and 18 significantly different proteins in PPAR signaling pathway. The changes of PPAR signaling pathway may induce lipid metabolism disorder in liver. The verification results of qPCR and PRM were consistent with the sequencing results. We also detected GSH-Px, GSH, GST, TG, TC and ANDP levels in liver. These changes of biochemical indicators directly confirmed oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorders were occurred in the livers of chicks treated by FFC. In conclusion, FFC could induce liver injury in chicks by regulating the expression levels of significantly different genes and proteins in glutathione signaling pathway and PPAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Siyuan Fang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhanjun Wu
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Chao Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; Hebei Provincial Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; Hebei Provincial Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding 071001, China.
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