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Brumfield KD, Usmani M, Santiago S, Singh K, Gangwar M, Hasan NA, Netherland M, Deliz K, Angelini C, Beatty NL, Huq A, Jutla AS, Colwell RR. Genomic diversity of Vibrio spp. and metagenomic analysis of pathogens in Florida Gulf coastal waters following Hurricane Ian. mBio 2023; 14:e0147623. [PMID: 37931127 PMCID: PMC10746180 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01476-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing climatic conditions influence parameters associated with the growth of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the environment and, hence, are linked to increased incidence of vibriosis. Between 1992 and 2022, a long-term increase in Vibrio spp. infections was reported in Florida, USA. Furthermore, a spike in Vibrio spp. infections was reported post Hurricane Ian, a category five storm that made landfall in Florida on 28 September 2022. During October 2022, water and oyster samples were collected from three stations in Lee County in an area significantly impacted by Ian. Vibrio spp. were isolated, and whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were done, with a focus on Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus to provide genetic insight into pathogenic strains circulating in the environment. Metagenomic analysis of water samples provided insight with respect to human health-related factors, notably the detection of approximately 12 pathogenic Vibrio spp., virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, and mobile genetic elements, including the SXT/R391 family of integrative conjugative elements. Environmental parameters were monitored as part of a long-term time series analysis done using satellite remote sensing. In addition to anomalous rainfall and storm surge, changes in sea surface temperature and chlorophyll concentration during and after Ian favored the growth of Vibrio spp. In conclusion, genetic analysis coupled with environmental data and remote sensing provides useful public health information and, hence, constitute a valuable tool to proactively detect and characterize environmental pathogens, notably vibrios. These data can aid the development of early warning systems by yielding a larger source of information for public health during climate change. Evidence suggests warming temperatures are associated with the spread of potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. and the emergence of human disease globally. Following Hurricane Ian, the State of Florida reported a sharp increase in the number of reported Vibrio spp. infections and deaths. Hence, monitoring of pathogens, including vibrios, and environmental parameters influencing their occurrence is critical to public health. Here, DNA sequencing was used to investigate the genomic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, both potential human pathogens, in Florida coastal waters post Hurricane Ian, in October 2022. Additionally, the microbial community of water samples was profiled to detect the presence of Vibrio spp. and other microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, protists, and viruses) present in the samples. Long-term environmental data analysis showed changes in environmental parameters during and after Ian were optimal for the growth of Vibrio spp. and related pathogens. Collectively, results will be used to develop predictive risk models during climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Brumfield
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Moiz Usmani
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sanneri Santiago
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Komalpreet Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mayank Gangwar
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Katherine Deliz
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christine Angelini
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Norman L. Beatty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Antarpreet S. Jutla
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rita R. Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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2
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El-Zamkan MA, Ahmed AS, Abdelhafeez HH, Mohamed HMA. Molecular characterization of Vibrio species isolated from dairy and water samples. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15368. [PMID: 37717062 PMCID: PMC10505214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio species can cause foodborne infections and lead to serious gastrointestinal illnesses. The purpose of this research was to detect the Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw milk, dairy products, and water samples. Also, it investigated the virulence factors, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in isolated bacteria. Conventional and molecular approaches were used to identify the isolates in this study. Vibrio species were detected in 5% of the samples. Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from 1.25 and 1.5%, respectively, of the total samples. Penicillin resistance was detected in all strains of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, with a MAR index ranging from 0.16 to 0.5. Four isolates were moderate biofilm producer and three of them were MDR. When Vibrio cholerae was screened for virulence genes, ctxAB, hlyA, and tcpA were found in 80, 60, and 80% of isolates, respectively. However, tdh + /trh + associated-virulence genes were found in 33.3% of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A El-Zamkan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control (Milk Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Shaban Ahmed
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control (Milk Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abdelhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Hams M A Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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3
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Grant TA, Jayakumar JM, López-Pérez M, Almagro-Moreno S. Vibrio floridensis sp. nov., a novel species closely related to the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus isolated from a cyanobacterial bloom. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 36749680 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated Vibrio floridensis IRLE0018 (=NRRL B-65642=NCTC 14661), was isolated from a cyanobacterial bloom along the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), a large and highly biodiverse estuary in eastern Florida (USA). The results of phylogenetic, biochemical, and phenotypic analyses indicate that this isolate is distinct from species of the genus Vibrio with validly published names and is the closest relative to the emergent human pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of V. floridensis strain IRLE0018 (4 535 135 bp). On the basis of the established average nucleotide identity (ANI) values for the determination of different species (ANI <95 %), strain IRLE0018, with an ANI of approximately 92 % compared with its closest relative, V. vulnificus, represents a novel species within the genus Vibrio. To our knowledge, this represents the first time this species has been described. The results of genomic analyses of V. floridensis IRLE0018 indicate the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and several known virulence factors, however, its pathogenicity profile (e.g. survival in serum, phagocytosis avoidance) reveals limited virulence potential of this species in contrast to V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy-Ann Grant
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jane M Jayakumar
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Mario López-Pérez
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Apartado 18, San Juan 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Almagro-Moreno
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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4
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Dey SS, Hossain ZZ, Akhter H, Jensen PKM, Begum A. Abundance and biofilm formation capability of Vibrio cholerae in aquatic environment with an emphasis on Hilsha fish (Tenualosa ilisha). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933413. [PMID: 36386632 PMCID: PMC9643777 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The potentially deadly and sporadic diarrhea-causing agent, Vibrio cholerae, is present in a great number in the freshwater aquatic environment and can be transmitted to humans by different aquatic organisms. In the perspective of Bangladesh, an anadromous fish species Hilsha (Tenualosa ilisha) can act as a transmission vehicle of V. cholerae from the aquatic to the household kitchen environment. The present study was carried out to investigate the presence of V. cholerae in the aquatic habitat of Bangladesh with a major emphasis on freshly caught Hilsha fish, along with river water and plankton samples from the fish capture site. The study also detected the biofilm formation capability of V. cholerae within Hilsha fish that might help the transmission and persistence of the pathogen in aquatic habitat. Twenty out of 65 freshly caught fish (30.8%) and 1 out of 15 water samples (6.67%) showed the presence of V. cholerae and none of the plankton samples were positive for V. cholerae. The isolated strains were identified as non-O1 and non-O139 serogroups of V. cholerae and contain some major toxin and virulence genes. A few strains showed cellular cytotoxicity on the HeLa cell line. All strains were able to form biofilm on the microtiter plate and the detection of three genes related to biofilm formation (vpsA, vpsL, and vpsR) were also assayed using qPCR. In this study, the in vitro biofilm formation ability of the isolated strains may indicate the long-term persistence of V. cholerae in different parts of Hilsha fish. The abundance of V. cholerae only in freshly caught Hilsha fish and the absence of the pathogen in the surrounding aquatic environment could stipulate the role of Hilsha fish as one of the major transmission routes of V. cholerae from the freshwater aquatic environment of Bangladesh to the household kitchen environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Sandhani Dey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- BCSIR Laboratories Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Zenat Zebin Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Humaira Akhter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Peter K. M. Jensen
- Copenhagen Centre for Disaster Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anowara Begum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Anowara Begum,
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Ross AG, Khanam F, Islam MT, Chowdhury F, Sleigh AC. Diagnosis and Management of Acute Enteropathogens in Returning Travelers. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 123:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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On-Farm Practices Associated with Multi-Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Derived from Cultured Fish. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081520. [PMID: 36013938 PMCID: PMC9414622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture activities have been implicated as responsible for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), leading to broad dissemination and transference of antibiotic resistance to pathogens that affect humans and animals. The current study investigates the on-farm practices and environmental risk factors that can potentially drive the development and emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the aquaculture system. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 19 red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and 13 Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1970) farms on the west coast of peninsular Malaysia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire pertaining to farm demography, on-farm management practices and environmental characteristics. Multi-drug-resistant E. coli (n = 249) and V. parahaemolyticus (n = 162) isolates were analyzed using multi-level binary logistic regression to identify important drivers for the occurrence and proliferation of the MDR bacteria. On-farm practices such as manuring the pond (OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 1.21–16.57) were significantly associated with the occurrence of MDR E. coli, while earthen ponds (OR = 8.2; 95% CI = 1.47–45.2) and human activity adjacent to the farm (OR = 4.6; 95% CI = 0.75–27.98) were associated with an increased likelihood of MDR V. parahaemolyticus. Considering the paucity of information on the drivers of AMR in the aquaculture production in this region, these findings indicate the targeted interventions implementable at aquaculture farms to efficiently abate the risk of MDR amongst bacteria that affect fish that are of public health importance.
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String GM, Huang A, Lantagne D. Laboratory evaluation of the efficacy of bucket chlorination guidelines at inactivating Vibrio cholerae for waters of varying quality. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:1071-1083. [PMID: 35902989 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bucket chlorination, where chlorine is dosed directly into water collection containers, is a point-of-source water treatment intervention commonly implemented in cholera outbreaks. There is little previous data on chlorine efficacy against Vibrio cholerae in different waters and appropriate dosage regimes. We evaluated V. cholerae reduction and free chlorine residual (FCR) in waters with four turbidities (1/5/10/50 NTU), two total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations (0.4, 1 mg/L), and two dosing schemes (fixed-dose of 2 or 4 mg/L, variable-dose based on jar testing) treated with three chlorine types (HTH, NaOCl, NaDCC). We found that chlorine was efficacious at reducing V. cholerae by ≥2.75 to ≥3.63 log reduction value (LRV); variably dosed reactors were dosed higher, met ≥0.5 mg/L FCR at 30 min, and had higher LRVs (p=0.024) than fixed doses; and low TOC reactors had more samples ≥0.2 mg/L FRC at 4 h (p=0.007). Our results are conservative, as internationally recommended additives to create test water increased chlorine demand, highlighting the challenge of replicating field conditions in laboratory testing. Overall, we found that chlorine can efficaciously reduce V. cholerae; we recommend further research on appropriate chlorine demand for test waters; and we recommend establishing appropriate chlorine doses based on source water and taste/odor acceptability in bucket chlorination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Huang
- Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Daniele Lantagne
- Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, USA E-mail:
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8
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Samad MA, Sagor MS, Hossain MS, Karim MR, Mahmud MA, Sarker MS, Shownaw FA, Mia Z, Card RM, Agunos A, Johanna L. High prevalence of vancomycin non-susceptible and multi-drug resistant enterococci in farmed animals and fresh retail meats in Bangladesh. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:811-822. [PMID: 35338457 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus spp., a main cause of untreatable nosocomial infection, in food animals and dissemination to humans is a public health risk. The study was performed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance, and virulence characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in food animals and meats in Bangladesh. Enterococcus spp., were confirmed using sodA gene specific PCR, and antimicrobial resistance and virulence properties were characterized by PCR. Enterococcus spp. were recovered from 57% of the collected samples (n = 201/352). Farm samples yielded significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) prevalence (62%) than that of retail meat samples (41%). E. faecalis (52%) is most frequently isolated species. Greater proportions of isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline (74%), erythromycin (65%) and ciprofloxacin (34%). Fifty-one isolates are vancomycin non-susceptible enterococci (VNSE), of which forty-seven are MDR and twenty are linezolid resistant, a last line drug for VNSE. Virulence factors such as gelatinase (gelE), aggregation factor (asa1) and sex pheromone (cpd) are detected along with vancomycin resistance gene (vanA, vanB and vanC2/C3) in VNSE isolates. The high prevalence of MDR enterococci in food animals and retail meats may cause consumers infections with concomitant reduction of available therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Samad
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Centre (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division (AHRD), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, 1341, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Shahjalal Sagor
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Centre (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division (AHRD), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, 1341, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, 1100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Sazzad Hossain
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Centre (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division (AHRD), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, 1341, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Centre (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division (AHRD), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, 1341, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Asheak Mahmud
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Centre (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division (AHRD), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, 1341, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Samun Sarker
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Centre (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division (AHRD), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, 1341, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahria A Shownaw
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Centre (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division (AHRD), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, 1341, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zakaria Mia
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, 1100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Roderick M Card
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Agnes Agunos
- FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindahl Johanna
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Recovery of Pasteurization-Resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Seafoods Using a Modified, Two-Step Enrichment. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050764. [PMID: 35267397 PMCID: PMC8909376 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent Vibrio-parahaemolyticus-associated vibriosis cases, attributed, in part, to the inefficient techniques for detecting viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) Vibrio pathogens and the ingestion of undercooked seafood, is the leading cause of bacterial seafood-borne outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States. The effect of extreme heat processing on Vibrio biology and its potential food safety implication has been underexplored. In the present work, environmental samples from the wet market, lagoon, and estuarine environments were analyzed for V. parahaemolyticus recovery using a modified, temperature-dependent, two-step enrichment method followed by culture-based isolation, phenotype, and genotype characterizations. The work recovered novel strains (30% of 12 isolates) of V. parahaemolyticus from prolonged-heat-processing conditions (80 °C, 20 min), as confirmed by 16S rDNA bacterial identification. Select strains, VHT1 and VHT2, were determined to be hemolysis- and urease-positive pathogens. PCR analyses of chromosomal DNA implicated the tdh-independent, tlh-associated hemolysis in these strains. Both strains exhibited significant, diverse antibiotic profiles (p < 0.05). Turbidimetric and viable count assays revealed the pasteurization-resistant V. parahaemolyticus VHT1/VHT2 (62 °C, 8 h). These findings disclose the efficiency of Vibrio extremist recovery by the modified, two-step enrichment technique and improve knowledge of Vibrio biology essential to food safety reformation.
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10
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Hosen MA, Ovi FK, Rashid H, Hasan MH, Khalek MA, Hasan M, Easmin F, Rumi NA, Islam MS. Characterization of Vibrio spp. in environmental water samples collected from flood prone areas of Bangladesh and their antibiotic resistance profile. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 7:471-480. [PMID: 35071943 PMCID: PMC8712533 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Last cholera epidemic has been recorded in Bangladesh between 1992-1993, while few sporadic localized outbreaks have been reported as recent as 2005. Serotype O1 of Vibrio cholera is considered as the principal causative agent which transmits through contaminated drinking water resulting that epidemic. Therefore, the objective of this research was to isolate V. cholera in 3 different water sources; River, pond and tube-well, in 5 different locations of Gazipur, Bangladesh, and to analyze their antibiogram study. A total of 45 water samples were randomly collected for the isolation and identification of Vibrio spp. Samples are then serially diluted in alkaline peptone water and streak on Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose-TCBS agar for quantification of V. spp. For V. cholera isolation water samples were first enriched in nutrient broth at 37 °C for 16 hours followed by cultivation in selective media; TCBS agar at 37 °C for 24 hours. Yellow colonies on TCBS agar were screed as V. cholera and was confirmed by analyzing their biochemical characteristics like Catalase, Oxidase, MR, VP, Indole, Sugar fermentation. Following isolation antibiotic sensitivity test was performed on each V. cholera isolates to determine their antibiotic sensitivity profile. The results showed, out of 45 samples 12 contained V. cholera. Tube-well water has significantly lower concentration (log CFU/mL) of V. spp. than river and pond water (P < 0.05). Bacterial concentration doesn't deviate (P > 0.05) significantly in 5 different location the sample was collected from. All the 12 isolates were sensitive to Gentamicin and ciprofloxacin (100%), while Chloramphenicol (91.67%), Sulfamethoxazole (91.67%), Azithromycin (66.67%) showed high sensitivity. Isolates showed marginal sensitivity towards Tetracycline (33.33%), and Cephalexin (16.67%) and 100% resistance against antibiotics like Vancomycin, Penicillin, Erythromycin, and Nalidixic Acid. Based on these data we recommend using tube-well water instead of river and pond water for drinking purposes. Furthermore, we suggest selective use of sensitive antimicrobials listed here for therapeutics of cholera outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aoulad Hosen
- Department of Microbiology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Easmin
- Department of Microbiology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmi Ara Rumi
- Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University Dinajpur, Bangladesh
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11
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Vibrio Derived from Farm-Raised Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1970) on the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020136. [PMID: 35203739 PMCID: PMC8868497 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in intensive fish farming, which in turn increases the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in the aquatic environment. The current study investigates the prevalence and determines the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli, Salmonella, and Vibrio in farmed fishes on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Over a period of 12 months, 32 aquaculture farms from the Malaysian states of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, and Perak were sampled. Both E. coli and Salmonella were highly resistant to erythromycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, while Vibrio was highly resistant to ampicillin and streptomycin. Resistance to the antibiotics listed as the highest priority and critically important for human therapy, such as colistin in E. coli (18.1%) and Salmonella (20%) in fish, is a growing public health concern. The multi-drug resistance (MDR) levels of E. coli and Salmonella in tilapia were 46.5% and 77.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the MDR levels of E. coli, Salmonella, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae in Asian seabass were 34%, 100%, 21.6%, 8.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Our findings provide much-needed information on AMR in aquaculture settings that can be used to tailor better strategies for the use of antibiotics in aquaculture production at the local and regional levels.
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12
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Eurien D, Mirembe BB, Musewa A, Kisaakye E, Kwesiga B, Ogole F, Ayen DO, Kadobera D, Bulage L, Ario AR, Zhu BP. Cholera outbreak caused by drinking unprotected well water contaminated with faeces from an open storm water drainage: Kampala City, Uganda, January 2019. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1281. [PMID: 34961483 PMCID: PMC8711146 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-07011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kampala city slums, with one million dwellers living in poor sanitary conditions, frequently experience cholera outbreaks. On 6 January 2019, Rubaga Division notified the Uganda Ministry of Health of a suspected cholera outbreak in Sembule village. We investigated to identify the source and mode of transmission, and recommended evidence-based interventions. Methods We defined a suspected case as onset of profuse, painless, acute watery diarrhoea in a Kampala City resident (≥ 2 years) from 28 December 2018 to 11 February 2019. A confirmed case was a suspected case with Vibrio cholerae identified from the patient’s stool specimen by culture. We found cases by record review and active community case-finding. We conducted a case–control study in Sembule village, the epi-center of this outbreak, to compare exposures between confirmed case-persons and asymptomatic controls, individually matched by age group. We overlaid rainfall data with the epidemic curve to identify temporal patterns between rain and illnesses. We conducted an environmental assessment, interviewed village local council members, and tested water samples from randomly-selected households and water sources using culture and PCR to identify V. cholerae. Results We identified 50 suspected case-patients, with three deaths (case-fatality rate: 6.0%). Of 45 case-patients with stool samples tested, 22 were confirmed positive for V. cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa. All age groups were affected; persons aged 5–14 years had the highest attack rate (AR) (8.2/100,000). The epidemic curve showed several point-source outbreaks; cases repeatedly spiked immediately following rainfall. Sembule village had a token-operated water tap, which had broken down 1 month before the outbreak, forcing residents to obtain water from one of three wells (Wells A, B, C) or a public tap. Environmental assessment showed that residents emptied their feces into a drainage channel connected to Well C. Drinking water from Well C was associated with illness (ORM–H = 21, 95% CI 4.6–93). Drinking water from a public tap (ORM–H = 0.07, 95% CI 0.014–0.304) was protective. Water from a container in one of eight households sampled tested positive for V. cholerae; water from Well C had coliform counts ˃ 900/100 ml. Conclusions Drinking contaminated water from an unprotected well was associated with this cholera outbreak. We recommended emergency chlorination of drinking water, fixing the broken token tap, and closure of Well C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eurien
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | - Angella Musewa
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Benon Kwesiga
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Ogole
- Central Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Lilian Bulage
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Bao-Ping Zhu
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kampala, Uganda
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Chamanrokh P, Colwell RR, Huq A. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Rapid Detection of viable but non-culturable Vibrio cholerae O1. Can J Microbiol 2021; 68:103-110. [PMID: 34793252 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, an important waterborne pathogen, is a rod-shaped bacterium that naturally exists in aquatic environments. When conditions are unfavorable for growth, the bacterium can undergo morphological and physiological changes to assume a coccoid morphology. This stage in its life cycle is referred to as viable but non-culturable (VBNC) since VBNC cells do not grow on conventional bacteriological culture media. The current study compared polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect and identify VBNC V. cholerae. Because it is difficult to detect and identify VBNC V. cholerae, the results of the current study are useful in showing LAMP to be more sensitive and rapid than PCR in detecting and identifying non-culturable, coccoid forms of V. cholerae. Furthermore, the LAMP method is effective in detecting and identifying very low numbers of coccoid VBNC V. cholerae in environmental water samples, with the added benefit of being inexpensive to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Chamanrokh
- University of Maryland College Park, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, College Park, Maryland, United States;
| | - Rita R Colwell
- University of Maryland at College Park, 1068, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, College Park, Maryland, United States.,University of Maryland at College Park, 1068, Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, College Park, Maryland, United States.,University of Maryland at College Park, 1068, CBCB. UMIACS, College Park, Maryland, United States.,Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 25802, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;
| | - Anwar Huq
- University of Maryland at College Park, 1068, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, College Park, Maryland, United States;
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López-Pérez M, Jayakumar JM, Grant TA, Zaragoza-Solas A, Cabello-Yeves PJ, Almagro-Moreno S. Ecological diversification reveals routes of pathogen emergence in endemic Vibrio vulnificus populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2103470118. [PMID: 34593634 PMCID: PMC8501797 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103470118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen emergence is a complex phenomenon that, despite its public health relevance, remains poorly understood. Vibrio vulnificus, an emergent human pathogen, can cause a deadly septicaemia with over 50% mortality rate. To date, the ecological drivers that lead to the emergence of clinical strains and the unique genetic traits that allow these clones to colonize the human host remain mostly unknown. We recently surveyed a large estuary in eastern Florida, where outbreaks of the disease frequently occur, and found endemic populations of the bacterium. We established two sampling sites and observed strong correlations between location and pathogenic potential. One site is significantly enriched with strains that belong to one phylogenomic cluster (C1) in which the majority of clinical strains belong. Interestingly, strains isolated from this site exhibit phenotypic traits associated with clinical outcomes, whereas strains from the second site belong to a cluster that rarely causes disease in humans (C2). Analyses of C1 genomes indicate unique genetic markers in the form of clinical-associated alleles with a potential role in virulence. Finally, metagenomic and physicochemical analyses of the sampling sites indicate that this marked cluster distribution and genetic traits are strongly associated with distinct biotic and abiotic factors (e.g., salinity, nutrients, or biodiversity), revealing how ecosystems generate selective pressures that facilitate the emergence of specific strains with pathogenic potential in a population. This knowledge can be applied to assess the risk of pathogen emergence from environmental sources and integrated toward the development of novel strategies for the prevention of future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario López-Pérez
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jane M Jayakumar
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
| | - Trudy-Ann Grant
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
| | - Asier Zaragoza-Solas
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro J Cabello-Yeves
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Almagro-Moreno
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816;
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
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15
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Paria P, Behera BK, Mohapatra PKD, Parida PK. Virulence factor genes and comparative pathogenicity study of tdh, trh and tlh positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from Whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:105083. [PMID: 34536578 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative halophilic bacterium responsible for gastrointestinal infection in human and vibriosis in aquatic animals. The thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), tdh-related hemolysin (trh) and thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) positive strains of V. parahaemolyticus were identified from brackishwater aquaculture farms of West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh, India. Moreover, the presence of other virulent genes like vcrD1, vopD, vp1680 under type three secretion system 1 (T3SS1) and vcrD2 vopD2, vopB2, vopC2 under type three secretion system 2 (T3SS2) were detected in tdh positive strain of V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, the study revealed that the tdh and trh positive isolates were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and were able to lyse more than 95% of human Red Blood Cells (RBCs). In addition, both the isolates showed high cytotoxicity in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) cell line compared to tlh positive strain. Additionally, intraperitoneal and oral administration of tdh and trh positive strain of V. parahaemolyticus in Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita caused 100% mortality at the level of 2.0 × 108 CFU ml-1 and 1.6 × 108 CFU ml-1, respectively. In contrast, only 10% mortality was observed in the case of tlh positive strain at the level of 2.5× 108 CFU ml-1. The histopathological changes like infiltration of blood cells and degenerated hepatic tissue in the liver of L. rohita were observed after the experimental challenge. The changes like degeneration of glomeruli, necrosis of renal tubules and Bowman's capsule were observed in the kidney section. Ragged, irregular shaped villi and necrosis of the villus were observed in the intestinal lumen. Overall, the study demonstrates that isolated V. parahaemolyticus is a potent aquatic microbial pathogen. Additionally, as V. parahaemolyticus is also a human pathogen and might pose a threat to the human population, proper management strategies are required to prevent the possible occurrence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Paria
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India; Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapure 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India.
| | | | - Pranaya Kumar Parida
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
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Malayil L, Chattopadhyay S, Mongodin EF, Sapkota AR. Coupled DNA-labeling and sequencing approach enables the detection of viable-but-non-culturable Vibrio spp. in irrigation water sources in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2021; 16:13. [PMID: 34158117 PMCID: PMC8218497 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-021-00382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nontraditional irrigation water sources (e.g., recycled water, brackish water) may harbor human pathogens, including Vibrio spp., that could be present in a viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state, stymieing current culture-based detection methods. To overcome this challenge, we coupled 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, enrichment techniques, and 16S rRNA sequencing to identify metabolically-active Vibrio spp. in nontraditional irrigation water (recycled water, pond water, non-tidal freshwater, and tidal brackish water). Our coupled BrdU-labeling and sequencing approach revealed the presence of metabolically-active Vibrio spp. at all sampling sites. Whereas, the culture-based method only detected vibrios at three of the four sites. We observed the presence of V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus using both methods, while V. aesturianus and V. shilonii were detected only through our labeling/sequencing approach. Multiple other pathogens of concern to human health were also identified through our labeling/sequencing approach including P. shigelloides, B. cereus and E. cloacae. Most importantly, 16S rRNA sequencing of BrdU-labeled samples resulted in Vibrio spp. detection even when our culture-based methods resulted in negative detection. This suggests that our novel approach can effectively detect metabolically-active Vibrio spp. that may have been present in a VBNC state, refining our understanding of the prevalence of vibrios in nontraditional irrigation waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Malayil
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Suhana Chattopadhyay
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
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Vezzulli L, Oliveri C, Borello A, Gregory L, Kimirei I, Brunetta M, Stern R, Coco S, Longo L, Taviani E, Santos A, Martinez-Urtaza J, Wilson WH, Colwell RR, Pruzzo C, Plisnier PD. Aquatic reservoir of Vibrio cholerae in an African Great Lake assessed by large scale plankton sampling and ultrasensitive molecular methods. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:20. [PMID: 37938225 PMCID: PMC9723668 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The significance of large tropical lakes as environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae in cholera endemic countries has yet to be established. By combining large scale plankton sampling, microbial culture and ultrasensitive molecular methods, namely Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) and targeted genomics, the presence of Vibrio cholerae was investigated in a 96,600 L volume of surface water collected on a 322 nautical mile (596 km) transect in Lake Tanganyika. V. cholerae was detected and identified in a large area of the lake. In contrast, toxigenic strains of V. cholerae O1 or O139 were not detected in plankton samples possibly in relation to environmental conditions of the lake ecosystem, namely very low salinity compared to marine brackish and coastal environments. This represents to our knowledge, the largest environmental study to determine the role of tropical lakes as a reservoir of V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Vezzulli
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Borello
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lance Gregory
- The Marine Biological Association the Laboratory, Citadel Hill Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Ismael Kimirei
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Kunduchi, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Martina Brunetta
- The Marine Biological Association the Laboratory, Citadel Hill Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Rowena Stern
- The Marine Biological Association the Laboratory, Citadel Hill Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Longo
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Taviani
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrès Santos
- Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Araucanía, Chile
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Facultat de Biociéncies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William H Wilson
- The Marine Biological Association the Laboratory, Citadel Hill Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute and Center of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carla Pruzzo
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pierre-Denis Plisnier
- Chemical Oceanography Unit, Institut de Physique (B5A), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Soleimani F, Taherkhani R, Dobaradaran S, Spitz J, Saeedi R. Molecular detection of E. coli and Vibrio cholerae in ballast water of commercial ships: a primary study along the Persian Gulf. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:457-463. [PMID: 34150249 PMCID: PMC8172682 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ballast water is one of the most important ways for the transfer of aquatic organisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Vibrio cholerae. The aim of this study was to investigate Mdh gene of E. coli and the OmpW gene of Vibrio cholerae bacteria by PCR technique in the ballast water of commercial ships entering Bushehr port along the Persian Gulf. METHODS In this study, 34 samples of ballast water entered Bushehr port were studied by using culture and PCR methods to determine Mdh gene of E. coli and OmpW gene of Vibrio cholerae. Genomic DNA of bacterial strains was extracted and PCR was performed by using specific primers of E. coli and Vibrio cholerae. RESULTS The specific Mdh gene of E. coli was detected in 4 ballast water samples and the positive samples were analyzed by antisera methods for E. coli O157:H7. Results of antisera showed that there were 3 positive samples of O157:H7 serotype. The results of the PCR technique showed that the OmpW gene of Vibrio cholerae was negative for all positive culture samples. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are highly recommended to monitor other aquatic organisms in ballast water to protect the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Soleimani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boostan 19 Alley, Imam Khomeini Street, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boostan 19 Alley, Imam Khomeini Street, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Spitz
- Akademie für menschliche Medizin GmbH, Krauskopfallee 27, 65388 Schlangenbad, Germany
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ali MR, Bacchu MS, Setu MAA, Akter S, Hasan MN, Chowdhury FT, Rahman MM, Ahommed MS, Khan MZH. Development of an advanced DNA biosensor for pathogenic Vibrio cholerae detection in real sample. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 188:113338. [PMID: 34030094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the epidemics of emerging microbial diseases worldwide, the accurate and rapid quantification of pathogenic bacteria is extremely critical. In this work, a highly sensitive DNA-based electrochemical biosensor has been developed to detect Vibrio cholerae using gold nanocube and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with DNA carrier matrix. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) experiments were performed to interrogate the proposed sensor at each stage of preparation. The biosensor has demonstrated high sensitivity with a wide linear response range to target DNA from 10-8 to 10-14 (R2= 0.992) and 10-14 to 10-27 molL-1 (R2= 0.993) with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 7.41 × 10-30 molL-1 (S/N = 5). The biosensor also exhibits a selective detection behavior in bacterial cultures that belong to the same and distant genera. Moreover, the proposed sensor can be used for six consecutive DNA assays with a repeatability relative standard deviations (RSD) value of 5% (n = 5). Besides, the DNA biosensor shows excellent recovery for detecting V. cholerae in poultry feces, indicating that the designed biosensor could become a powerful tool for pathogenic microorganisms screening in clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Ali
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - M S Bacchu
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - M A A Setu
- Dept. of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - S Akter
- Dept. of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - M N Hasan
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - F T Chowdhury
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 7205, Bangladesh
| | - M M Rahman
- Dept. of General Educational Development (GED), Daffodil International University, Mirpur Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - M S Ahommed
- Dept. of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Z H Khan
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
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Rasool FN, Saavedra MA, Pamba S, Perold V, Mmochi AJ, Maalim M, Simonsen L, Buur L, Pedersen RH, Syberg K, Jelsbak L. Isolation and characterization of human pathogenic multidrug resistant bacteria associated with plastic litter collected in Zanzibar. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124591. [PMID: 33301968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a growing problem, not at least in areas where poor waste management results in direct pollution of coastal zones, such as South Asia and regions in Africa. In addition to the effect on ecosystems and their related services, plastic pollution may also affect human health indirectly as vectors for infectious disease. As plastic offers a suitable surface for the attachment of biofilm forming bacteria, it may contribute to disease outbreaks and antimicrobial resistance. To investigate the role of plastic litter as potential vectors for pathogenic bacteria, we collected plastic litter from four rural sites in Zanzibar, and isolated adhered bacteria. Isolates were short-read sequenced for further molecular analysis. This revealed that collected plastic litter was associated with diverse bacterial species, including human pathogens Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Vibrio cholerae. Furthermore, most isolates were found to be multidrug resistant. Our findings confirm that plastic litter, serve as novel reservoir for human multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria that combined with poor sanitation and waste handling, may lead to transmission of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. These findings add a new level to the environmental challenges with plastic pollution; the potential health risk associated with exposure to plastic litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah N Rasool
- Roskilde University, Department of Science and Environment, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Mariana A Saavedra
- Roskilde University, Department of Science and Environment, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Siajali Pamba
- University of Dar es Salaam, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Vonica Perold
- Fitz Patrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Aviti J Mmochi
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Mohammed Maalim
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Lone Simonsen
- Roskilde University, Department of Science and Environment, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Lars Buur
- Roskilde University, Department of Social Science and Business, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | | | - Kristian Syberg
- Roskilde University, Department of Science and Environment, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Lotte Jelsbak
- Roskilde University, Department of Science and Environment, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde 4000, Denmark.
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Hartmann J, van Driezum I, Ohana D, Lynch G, Berendsen B, Wuijts S, van der Hoek JP, de Roda Husman AM. The effective design of sampling campaigns for emerging chemical and microbial contaminants in drinking water and its resources based on literature mining. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140546. [PMID: 32629263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As well as known contaminants, surface waters also contain an unknown variety of chemical and microbial contaminants which can pose a risk to humans if surface water is used for the production of drinking water. To protect human health proactively, and in a cost-efficient way, water authorities and drinking water companies need early warning systems. This study aimed to (1) assess the effectiveness of screening the scientific literature to direct sampling campaigns for early warning purposes, and (2) detect new aquatic contaminants of concern to public health in the Netherlands. By screening the scientific literature, six example contaminants (3 chemical and 3 microbial) were selected as potential aquatic contaminants of concern to the quality of Dutch drinking water. Stakeholders from the Dutch water sector and various information sources were consulted to identify the potential sources of these contaminants. Based on these potential contamination sources, two sampling sequences were set up from contamination sources (municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants), via surface water used for the production of drinking water to treated drinking water. The chemical contaminants, mycophenolic acid, tetrabutylphosphonium compounds and Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Trimer Acid, were detected in low concentrations and were thus not expected to pose a risk to Dutch drinking water. Colistin resistant Escherichia coli was detected for the first time in Dutch wastewater not influenced by hospital wastewater, indicating circulation of bacteria resistant to this last-resort antibiotic in the open Dutch population. Four out of six contaminants were thus detected in surface or wastewater samples, which showed that screening the scientific literature to direct sampling campaigns for both microbial and chemical contaminants is effective for early warning purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hartmann
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Inge van Driezum
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Dana Ohana
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gretta Lynch
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Berendsen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Wuijts
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Peter van der Hoek
- Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands; Waternet, PO Box 94370, 1090 GJ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Maria de Roda Husman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Bonny SQ, Hossain MAM, Uddin SMK, Pulingam T, Sagadevan S, Johan MR. Current trends in polymerase chain reaction based detection of three major human pathogenic vibrios. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1317-1335. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1841728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Quazi Bonny
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. A. Motalib Hossain
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Muhammad Kamal Uddin
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiruchelvi Pulingam
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafie Johan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Immunodiagnostic of Vibrio cholerae O1 using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor. Int Microbiol 2020; 24:115-122. [DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Daboul J, Weghorst L, DeAngelis C, Plecha SC, Saul-McBeth J, Matson JS. Characterization of Vibrio cholerae isolates from freshwater sources in northwest Ohio. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238438. [PMID: 32881972 PMCID: PMC7470319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of aquatic ecosystems worldwide, typically residing in coastal or brackish water. While more than 200 serogroups have been identified, only serogroups O1 and O139 have been associated with epidemic cholera. However, infections other than cholera can be caused by nonepidemic, non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae strains, including gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections. While V. cholerae can also survive in freshwater, that is typically only observed in regions of the world where cholera is endemic. We recently isolated V. cholerae from several locations in lakes and rivers in northwest Ohio. These isolates were all found to be non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae strains, that would not cause cholera. However, these isolates contained a variety of virulence genes, including ctxA, rtxA, rtxC, hlyA, and ompU. Therefore, it is possible that some of these isolates have the potential to cause gastroenteritis or other infections in humans. We also investigated the relative motility of the isolates and their ability to form biofilms as this is important for V. cholerae survival in the environment. We identified one isolate that forms very robust biofilms, up to 4x that of our laboratory strains. Finally, we investigated the susceptibility of these isolates to a panel of antibiotics. We found that many of the isolates showed decreased susceptibility to some of the antibiotics tested, which could be of concern. While we do not know if these isolates are pathogenic to humans, increased surveillance to better understand the public health risk to the local community should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Daboul
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Logan Weghorst
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cara DeAngelis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sarah C. Plecha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jessica Saul-McBeth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jyl S. Matson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
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Kumar R, Sharma RC. Microbial diversity in relation to physico-chemical properties of hot water ponds located in the Yamunotri landscape of Garhwal Himalaya. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04850. [PMID: 32954033 PMCID: PMC7486430 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study includes the assessment of physico-chemical characteristics along with the microbial diversity of hot water samples collected from three important sacred hot water springs of the Uttarakhand Himalaya close to the world-famous Hindu shrine Yamunotri temple. Hot water samples were collected for two consecutive years 2015-2016 in two sampling operations each year. A total of fifteen physico-chemical attributes of hot water were recorded. Microbes of hot water ponds were characterized by morphological, biochemical, MALDI-TOF MS, and molecular approaches. A total of twenty-two microbial strains were identified from the Surya Kund with water temperature ranging between 86 °C and 89 °C; twenty-two microbial strains were identified from the Draupadi Kund with water temperature ranging between 65 °C and 69 °C and twenty-one microbial strains were identified from the Yamunotri Tapt Kund with water temperature ranging between 45 °C and 48 °C during the study period. The present study on the assessment of physico-chemical characteristics and thermophilic microbial diversity of all the three hot water springs can be a useful reference for further studies on similar aspects in other parts of the Himalaya. The available data will also help to understand the reasons behind the curative properties of these hot water springs. This baseline information will also be instrumental for the conservation and management of these hot water springs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramesh C. Sharma
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India
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Håkonsholm F, Lunestad BT, Aguirre Sánchez JR, Martinez‐Urtaza J, Marathe NP, Svanevik CS. Vibrios from the Norwegian marine environment: Characterization of associated antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1093. [PMID: 32558371 PMCID: PMC7520990 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 116 Vibrio isolates comprising V. alginolyticus (n = 53), V. metschnikovii (n = 38), V. anguillarum (n = 21), V. antiquarius (n = 2), and V. fujianensis (n = 2) were obtained from seawater, fish, or bivalve molluscs from temperate Oceanic and Polar Oceanic area around Norway. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed resistance or reduced susceptibility to ampicillin (74%), oxolinic acid (33%), imipenem (21%), aztreonam (19%), and tobramycin (17%). Whole-genome sequence analysis of eighteen drug-resistant isolates revealed the presence of genes like β-lactamases, chloramphenicol-acetyltransferases, and genes conferring tetracycline and quinolone resistance. The strains also carried virulence genes like hlyA, tlh, rtxA to D and aceA, E and F. The genes for cholerae toxin (ctx), thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), or zonula occludens toxin (zot) were not detected in any of the isolates. The present study shows low prevalence of multidrug resistance and absence of virulence genes of high global concern among environmental vibrios in Norway. However, in the light of climate change, and projected rising sea surface temperatures, even in the cold temperate areas, there is a need for frequent monitoring of resistance and virulence in vibrios to be prepared for future public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jaime Martinez‐Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
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Laverty AL, Primpke S, Lorenz C, Gerdts G, Dobbs FC. Bacterial biofilms colonizing plastics in estuarine waters, with an emphasis on Vibrio spp. and their antibacterial resistance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237704. [PMID: 32804963 PMCID: PMC7430737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since plastics degrade very slowly, they remain in the environment on much longer timescales than most natural organic substrates and provide a novel habitat for colonization by bacterial communities. The spectrum of relationships between plastics and bacteria, however, is little understood. The first objective of this study was to examine plastics as substrates for communities of Bacteria in estuarine surface waters. We used next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize communities from plastics collected in the field, and over the course of two colonization experiments, from biofilms that developed on plastic (low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene) and glass substrates placed in the environment. Both field sampling and colonization experiments were conducted in estuarine tributaries of the lower Chesapeake Bay. As a second objective, we concomitantly analyzed biofilms on plastic substrates to ascertain the presence and abundance of Vibrio spp. bacteria, then isolated three human pathogens, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus, and determined their antibiotic-resistant profiles. In both components of this study, we compared our results with analyses conducted on paired samples of estuarine water. This research adds to a nascent literature that suggests environmental factors govern the development of bacterial communities on plastics, more so than the characteristics of the plastic substrates themselves. In addition, this study is the first to culture three pathogenic vibrios from plastics in estuaries, reinforcing and expanding upon earlier reports of plastic pollution as a habitat for Vibrio species. The antibiotic resistance detected among the isolates, coupled with the longevity of plastics in the aqueous environment, suggests biofilms on plastics have potential to persist and serve as focal points of potential pathogens and horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Laverty
- Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sebastian Primpke
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Claudia Lorenz
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Fred C. Dobbs
- Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
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Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) Reports: A Basis for Environmental/Epidemiological Surveillance and Infection Control Amongst Environmental Vibrio cholerae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165685. [PMID: 32781601 PMCID: PMC7460427 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Distribution, investigation, surveillance and control (DISC) of cholera outbreaks in endemic/non-endemic regions has been a concerted approach towards the management of the causal pathogen. Relevant organization, government, health systems and the public have implemented several steps towards controlling the menace, yet pathogen continues to occur with diverse phenotypes/genotypes of high clinical and epidemiological relevance. The study determines antibiotic susceptibility/resistance pattern of Vibrio cholerae isolates retrieved from six domestic water sources between March and August 2018. Serological and molecular typing methods (polymerase chain reaction or PCR) were used to confirm the isolates identity. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using six commonly employed antibiotics of V. cholerae according to the recommendation of Clinical Laboratory Standard and European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing with other relevant antibiotics of investigative epidemiology and infection control, employing both disc diffusion test and PCR gene detection. Samples presumptive counts ranged between 1.10 to 7.91 log10 CFU/mL. Amongst the 759 presumptive isolates retrieved, sixty-one were confirmed as V. cholerae which were further serogrouped as Non-O1/Non-O139 V. cholerae. Various V. cholerae resistant phenotypes/genoytypes were detected vis: carbapenemase (CR-Vc; 31.1%/5.3%). New Delhi Metallobetalactamase (NDM-1-Vc; 23.0%/42.5%), extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL-Vc; 42.6%/blaTEM:86,7%), chloramphenicol resistance (62.3%/Flor: 46.2%}, tetracycline resistance (70.5%/46.7%), AmpC resistance (21.0 (34.4%/56.7%)) and various other resistant genotypes/phenotypes. It was observed that more than 50% of the confirmed V. cholerae isolates possess resistance to two or more antibiotic classes/groups with multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) ranging from 0.031 to 0.5. This observation provides necessary information and updates for surveillance, planning and implementation of control strategies for cholera. It would also encourage decision making, formulation of policy by the government and cholera control authorities.
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Gallandat K, Huang A, Rayner J, String G, Lantagne DS. Household spraying in cholera outbreaks: Insights from three exploratory, mixed-methods field effectiveness evaluations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008661. [PMID: 32866145 PMCID: PMC7485970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Household spraying is a commonly implemented, yet an under-researched, cholera response intervention where a response team sprays surfaces in cholera patients' houses with chlorine. We conducted mixed-methods evaluations of three household spraying programs in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Haiti, including 18 key informant interviews, 14 household surveys and observations, and 418 surface samples collected before spraying, 30 minutes and 24 hours after spraying. The surfaces consistently most contaminated with Vibrio cholerae were food preparation areas, near the patient's bed and the latrine. Effectiveness varied between programs, with statistically significant reductions in V. cholerae concentrations 30 minutes after spraying in two programs. Surface contamination after 24 hours was variable between households and programs. Program challenges included difficulty locating households, transportation and funding limitations, and reaching households quickly after case presentation (disinfection occurred 2-6 days after reported cholera onset). Program advantages included the concurrent deployment of hygiene promotion activities. Further research is indicated on perception, recontamination, cost-effectiveness, viable but nonculturable V. cholerae, and epidemiological coverage. We recommend that, if spraying is implemented, spraying agents should: disinfect surfaces systematically until wet using 0.2/2.0% chlorine solution, including kitchen spaces, patients' beds, and latrines; arrive at households quickly; and, concurrently deploy hygiene promotion activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Gallandat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Annie Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Justine Rayner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle String
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniele S. Lantagne
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Dinede G, Abagero A, Tolosa T. Cholera outbreak in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235440. [PMID: 32614915 PMCID: PMC7332024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholera remains a significant public health problem in more than one-third of the countries of the world. Cholera outbreak has become more common in Addis Ababa particularly in the rainy seasons; however, there is a paucity of data on risk factors associated with cholera outbreaks rendering interventions difficult. We investigated the outbreak to identify its etiology, source, risk factors and in order to control the outbreak. Methods We compared cases with health center-based unmatched controls (1:2). Cases were patients aged ≥5 years with acute watery diarrhea, with or without vomiting while controls were persons aged ≥5 years without history of acute watery diarrhea. We interviewed our study participants using structured questionnaire to collect demographic and cholera risk factors data. We described the outbreak over time, and then tested our hypotheses using unconditional logistic regression. Results The outbreak began on 7 September, 2017 reaching its peak on 23 September, 2017 and ended on 01 October, 2017. We identified a total of 25 cases (Median age: 38 years; IQR: 20 years) and recruited 50 controls (Median age: 35 years; IQR: 29 years). All case-patients had acute watery diarrhea and dehydration requiring intravenous fluids. All cases were admitted to cholera treatment center but there were no deaths. Stool and water samples yielded isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 of serological subtype Ogawa. Consumption of contaminated holy water (AOR: 20.5, 95%CI: 3.50, 119.61) and raw vegetables (AOR: 15.3, 95%CI: 3, 81.51) were independent risk factors whereas washing hands with soap after visiting latrine (AOR: 0.04, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.25) was independent protective factor. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated cholera foodborne transmission via consumption of raw vegetables, and its waterborne transmission via consumption of contaminated holy water. Washing hands with soap after visiting latrine was protective. We recommended cooking of vegetables and promoting hand washing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Dinede
- Epidemiology Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Abdulnasir Abagero
- Field Epidemiology Training Program, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Tolosa
- Microbiology and Dairy Heard Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Vezzulli L, Baker-Austin C, Kirschner A, Pruzzo C, Martinez-Urtaza J. Global emergence of environmental non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae infections linked with climate change: a neglected research field? Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4342-4355. [PMID: 32337781 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of aquatic ecosystems across the planet. V. cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 are responsible for cholera outbreaks in developing countries accounting for 3-5 million infections worldwide and 28.800-130.000 deaths per year according to the World Health Organization. In contrast, V. cholerae serogroups other than O1 and O139, also designated as V. cholerae non-O1/O139 (NOVC), are not associated with epidemic cholera but can cause other illnesses that may range in severity from mild (e.g. gastroenteritis, otitis, etc.) to life-threatening (e.g. necrotizing fasciitis). Although generally neglected, NOVC-related infections are on the rise and represent one of the most striking examples of emerging human diseases linked to climate change. NOVC strains are also believed to potentially contribute to the emergence of new pathogenic strains including strains with epidemic potential as a direct consequence of genetic exchange mechanisms such as horizontal gene transfer and genetic recombination. Besides general features concerning the biology and ecology of NOVC strains and their associated diseases, this review aims to highlight the most relevant aspects related to the emergence and potential threat posed by NOVC strains under a rapidly changing environmental and climatic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Vezzulli
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Craig Baker-Austin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, CEFAS, Weymouth, UK
| | - Alexander Kirschner
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Carla Pruzzo
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, CEFAS, Weymouth, UK.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Facultat de Biociéncies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Chakrabarti AK, Biswas A, Tewari DN, Mondal PP, Dutta S. Phage Types of Vibrio cholerae 01 Biotype ElTor Strains Isolated from India during 2012-2017. J Glob Infect Dis 2020; 12:94-100. [PMID: 32773997 PMCID: PMC7384690 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_42_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholera is a primordial disease caused by Vibrio cholerae which existed from centuries in different parts of the world and still shows its periodic, endemic and epidemic presence. Thousands of cholera cases are reported from different parts of India and the disease remains endemic throughout the year. At present, we do not have enough knowledge about the phenotypic nature of the circulating V. cholerae strains in this part of the world. Objectives This study was carried out over a period of 6 years with the aim defer with the changes in the prevalence and distribution of biotypes, serotypes and phage types of V. cholerae clinical isolates from various endemic regions of the country to determine phenotypic characteristics of the circulating strains and also to predict the attributes of cholera strains responsible for causing significant outbreaks in future. Materials and Methods A total of 1882 V.cholerae O1 isolates from different cholera endemic areas of India were included in this study. V.cholerae strains which were identified as O1 biotype ElTor further analyzed for serotype and phage types using the standard methodologies. Polyvalent O1 and monospecific Inaba and Ogawa antisera were used for serotyping. A panel of five phages of Basu and Mukherjee phage typing scheme and five phages from the new phage typing scheme were used for phage typing analysis following standard methodology. Results Maximum numbers of strains were isolated from cholera-endemic states like Gujarat and Maharashtra. All the isolates were confirmed as V. cholerae O1 biotype ElTor and majority of them were serotype Ogawa (93.2%). New phage typing scheme resulted in almost 100% typeable V. cholerae O1 strains included in this study and phage type 27 was the predominant type. Although 80% of the strains used in this study were sensitive to all the vibrio phages, S5 phage was found most efficient in lysing cholera strains indicating its broader host range. Conclusion The current study identified phage type 27 as the most dominant type and serotype Ogawa was found continuous in circulation throughout the year which has caused recent cholera outbreaks in India during the past years. Phage sensitivity data propose an alternative cost-effective approach to prevent cholera outbreak by therapeutic uses of typing phages irrespective of origin or clonality of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar Chakrabarti
- Division of Virology, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Asim Biswas
- Division of Virology, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Devendra Nath Tewari
- Division of Virology, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Pratim Mondal
- Division of Virology, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Genome Sequence of Vibrio cholerae Strain RFB16, Isolated from North Park Lake in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/10/e00111-20. [PMID: 32139572 PMCID: PMC7171212 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00111-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is an aquatic organism and facultative human pathogen that typically resides in coastal areas and brackish water. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of V. cholerae strain RFB16, which was isolated from a freshwater lake in southwestern Pennsylvania. Vibrio cholerae is an aquatic organism and facultative human pathogen that typically resides in coastal areas and brackish water. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of V. cholerae strain RFB16, which was isolated from a freshwater lake in southwestern Pennsylvania.
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Kirchberger PC, Orata FD, Nasreen T, Kauffman KM, Tarr CL, Case RJ, Polz MF, Boucher YF. Culture-independent tracking of Vibrio cholerae lineages reveals complex spatiotemporal dynamics in a natural population. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4244-4256. [PMID: 31970854 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Populations of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae consist of dozens of distinct lineages, with primarily (but not exclusively) members of the pandemic generating lineage capable of causing the diarrhoeal disease cholera. Assessing the composition and temporal dynamics of such populations requires extensive isolation efforts and thus only rarely covers large geographic areas or timeframes exhaustively. We developed a culture-independent amplicon sequencing strategy based on the protein-coding gene viuB (vibriobactin utilization) to study the structure of a V. cholerae population over the course of a summer. We show that the 26 co-occurring V. cholerae lineages continuously compete for limited space on nutrient-rich particles where only a few of them can grow to large numbers. Differential abundance of lineages between locations and size-fractions associated with a particle-attached or free-swimming lifestyle could reflect adaptation to various environmental niches. In particular, a major V. cholerae lineage occasionally grows to large numbers on particles but remain undetectable using isolation-based methods, indicating selective culturability for some members of the species. We thus demonstrate that isolation-based studies may not accurately reflect the structure and complex dynamics of V. cholerae populations and provide a scalable high-throughput method for both epidemiological and ecological approaches to studying this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Kirchberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Fabini D Orata
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Tania Nasreen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Kathryn M Kauffman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cheryl L Tarr
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Rebecca J Case
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Martin F Polz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yann F Boucher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
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Su X, Sutarlie L, Loh XJ. Sensors, Biosensors, and Analytical Technologies for Aquaculture Water Quality. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:8272705. [PMID: 32149280 PMCID: PMC7048950 DOI: 10.34133/2020/8272705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In aquaculture industry, fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants are cultivated in fresh, salt, or brackish waters. The increasing demand of aquatic products has stimulated the rapid growth of aquaculture industries. How to effectively monitor and control water quality is one of the key concerns for aquaculture industry to ensure high productivity and high quality. There are four major categories of water quality concerns that affect aquaculture cultivations, namely, (1) physical parameters, e.g., pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity, (2) organic contaminants, (3) biochemical hazards, e.g., cyanotoxins, and (4) biological contaminants, i.e., pathogens. While the physical parameters are affected by climate changes, the latter three are considered as environmental factors. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of sensors, biosensors, and analytical technologies available for monitoring aquaculture water quality. They include low-cost commercial sensors and sensor network setups for physical parameters. They also include chromatography, mass spectrometry, biochemistry, and molecular methods (e.g., immunoassays and polymerase chain reaction assays), culture-based method, and biophysical technologies (e.g., biosensors and nanosensors) for environmental contamination factors. According to the different levels of sophistication of various analytical techniques and the information they can provide (either fine fingerprint, highly accurate quantification, semiquantification, qualitative detection, or fast screening), we will comment on how they may be used as complementary tools, as well as their potential and gaps toward current demand of real-time, online, and/or onsite detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way. Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8, Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Laura Sutarlie
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way. Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way. Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634
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36
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Tiwari A, Kauppinen A, Pitkänen T. Decay of Enterococcus faecalis, Vibrio cholerae and MS2 Coliphage in a Laboratory Mesocosm Under Brackish Beach Conditions. Front Public Health 2019; 7:269. [PMID: 31608267 PMCID: PMC6771298 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) used for monitoring the microbial quality of bathing water. However, the reliability of health protection by monitoring FIB is questioned. This study evaluated the decay pattern of Enterococcus faecalis in beach environment and compared it with decay patterns of the pathogen Vibrio cholerae and the virus indicator MS2 coliphage. Tests were done in an experimental mesocosm simulating natural Nordic summer daylight conditions with and without the aquatic plant Myriophyllum sibiricum. The decay of the spiked test microbes (E. faecalis, V. cholera, and MS2) was enumerated up to 27 days from two coastal bathing water mesocosms with subtidal sediment. E. faecalis and V. cholerae exhibited non-linear biphasic decay patterns and were detected upmost toward the end of the experiment in the water, sediment, and vegetation. The gene copies of V. cholerae dropped to a minimum by days 6–8 but then the numbers increased back up to nearly the spiked level. The MS2 coliphage was detected only up to 8–10 days into the experiment solely in the water where a log-linear decay pattern was seen. The test microbe, sample origin (water, sediment or vegetation) and, as determined for E. faecalis, the enumeration method (culture-based or qPCR) affected the decay pattern. E. faecalis decayed faster in water than in sediment and vegetation. Positive correlations between culturable E. faecalis counts with V. cholerae gene copies and MS2 counts were recorded on the first few days of the experiment. This study demonstrated the important role of water, sediment and vegetation regarding the partitioning of pathogens and fecal indicators in coastal environment. The enumeration of the enterococci counts alone was not sufficient for predicting the numbers of pathogens such as Vibrio spp. in bathing water. The growth of Vibrio spp. in the Baltic Sea deserves more attention and might require water quality monitoring to be applied for these pathogens in the coming years due to the predicted rise in sea surface temperature favoring Vibrio spp. growth. Further, different decay patterns observed between MS2 and enterococci emphasize the need for and importance of a viral indicator in assessing water quality more comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Tiwari
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Kauppinen
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
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Sensitive and rapid detection of cholera toxin subunit B using magnetic frequency mixing detection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219356. [PMID: 31276546 PMCID: PMC6611628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera is a life-threatening disease caused by the cholera toxin (CT) as produced by some Vibrio cholerae serogroups. In this research we present a method which directly detects the toxin’s B subunit (CTB) in drinking water. For this purpose we performed a magnetic sandwich immunoassay inside a 3D immunofiltration column. We used two different commercially available antibodies to capture CTB and for binding to superparamagnetic beads. ELISA experiments were performed to select the antibody combination. The beads act as labels for the magnetic frequency mixing detection technique. We show that the limit of detection depends on the type of magnetic beads. A nonlinear Hill curve was fitted to the calibration measurements by means of a custom-written python software. We achieved a sensitive and rapid detection of CTB within a broad concentration range from 0.2 ng/ml to more than 700 ng/ml.
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38
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Detection of Cholera Toxin-Producing Vibrio cholerae in Phytoplankton from Santubong and Samariang Estuaries. BORNEO JOURNAL OF RESOURCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.1584.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cholera outbreaks worldwide were associated with cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae. The bacteria are ubiquitous in aquatic environment, whilst phytoplankton is associated with adaptation of the Vibrio species. This study was conducted to detect cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae, and to determine association of the selected water physicochemical parameters with the number of the bacteria. In this study, a total of ten phytoplankton samples were collected at Santubong and Samariang Estuaries in Kuching, Sarawak. Water physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH and salinity) were recorded. Vibrio bacteria were cultivated on thiosulfate citrate bile-salts sucrose selective agar and analysed for cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae using polymerase chain reaction by targeting ctxA gene that encodes for virulence cholera enterotoxin subunit A. The result revealed that a range of 1.0 × 107 – 8.0 × 107 CFU/ml of yellow colonies growing on the thiosulfate citrate bile-salts sucrose agars. Inversely, no samples were positive with cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae. The physicochemical parameters at Samariang Estuary were more associated with the number of bacteria in the samples compared to Santubong Estuary.
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Genome Sequence of Vibrio cholerae Strain D1, Isolated from the Maumee River in Toledo, Ohio. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA01312-18. [PMID: 30533736 PMCID: PMC6256572 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01312-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a human bacterial pathogen and an inhabitant of aquatic environments. It is endemic to many regions of the world but is typically found in warm climates in saltwater. Here, we present the sequence of a V. cholerae strain isolated from a freshwater river in Ohio.
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40
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Yu J, Wang F, Zhan X, Wang X, Zuo F, Wei Y, Qi J, Liu Y. Improvement and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a chromatographic flow dipstick assay and utilization in detection of Vibrio cholerae. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:647-658. [PMID: 30506503 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a specific, sensitive, and easy-to-perform nucleic acid analytical technique with wide application for diagnosis of disease. Recently, LAMP combined with use of a lateral chromatographic flow dipstick (LFD) has been widely used in nucleic acid detection. However, the LFD mechanism has not been systematically analyzed, and the optimal combination of labeled primers has not been adequately evaluated. We analyzed the LAMP mechanism and discovered that the labeled loop primers played a significant role in the LFD assay. To verify our hypothesis, we developed two LFD assays for Vibrio cholerae to detect the ctxA gene and the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS). We labeled the inner primers [forward inner primer (FIP) and backward inner primer (BIP)] and loop primers [forward loop primer (LF) and backward loop primer (LB)]. Then the labeled and unlabeled primers were combined to form ten different primer sets. We assessed the specificity, sensitivity, and efficiency of LFD assays with use of different primer compositions. All triple-labeled primer sets resulted in false positive results in the LFD assay, as did the FIP and BIP double-labeled primer set. Other double-labeled-primer sets used in LFD assays showed higher sensitivity than the LAMP assays. Moreover, FIP and LF double-labeled and BIP and LB double-labeled sets had the highest sensitivity. In both cases, assays could be performed in 20 min. We also applied the ITS LFD assays in food samples. The enrichment broths of 112 oyster samples were tested, and the proportion that tested positive by the LFD assays was 6.25%, which was not lower than the rate for the conventional PCR method (5.36%). Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Feixue Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xijing Zhan
- Tianjin International Travel Health Care Center, Tianjin, 300456, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Tianjin International Travel Health Care Center, Tianjin, 300456, China
| | - Feng Zuo
- Tianjin International Travel Health Care Center, Tianjin, 300456, China
| | - Yuxi Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Tianjin International Travel Health Care Center, Tianjin, 300456, China.
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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41
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Kirschner AKT, Pleininger S, Jakwerth S, Rehak S, Farnleitner AH, Huhulescu S, Indra A. Application of three different methods to determine the prevalence, the abundance and the environmental drivers of culturable Vibrio cholerae in fresh and brackish bathing waters. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1186-1198. [PMID: 29856502 PMCID: PMC6175421 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims Three cultivation methods were used to study the prevalence and abundance of Vibrio cholerae in Eastern Austrian bathing waters and to elucidate the main factors controlling their distribution. Methods and Results Vibrio cholerae abundance was monitored at 36 inland bathing sites with membrane filtration (MF), a standard most probable number (MPN) approach and direct plating (DP). Membrane filtration yielded the most reliable and sensitive results and allowed V. cholerae detection at 22 sites with concentrations up to 39 000 CFU per 100 ml, all belonging to serogroups other than O1 and O139 and not coding for cholera toxin and toxin coregulated pilus. Direct plating turned out as an easy method for environments with high V. cholerae abundances, conductivity was the only significant predictor of V. cholerae abundance in the bathing waters at warm water temperatures. Conclusions Vibrio cholerae nonO1/nonO139 are widely prevalent in Eastern Austrian bathing waters. Instead of the standard MPN approach, MF and DP are recommended for V. cholerae monitoring. Conductivity can be used as a first easy‐to‐measure parameter to identify potential bathing waters at risk. Significance and Impact of the Study Vibrio cholerae nonO1/nonO139 infections associated with bathing activities are an increasing public health issue in many countries of the northern hemisphere. However, there are only limited data available on the prevalence and abundance of V. cholerae in coastal and inland bathing waters. For monitoring V. cholerae prevalence and abundance, reliable and simple quantification methods are needed. Moreover, prediction of V. cholerae abundance from environmental parameters would be a helpful tool for risk assessment. This study identified the best culture‐based quantification methods and a first quick surrogate parameter to attain these aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K T Kirschner
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water & Health, Vienna, Austria.,Research Department Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - S Pleininger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Jakwerth
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water & Health, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Rehak
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - A H Farnleitner
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water & Health, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Research Department Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - S Huhulescu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Indra
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
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42
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Bwire G, Debes AK, Orach CG, Kagirita A, Ram M, Komakech H, Voeglein JB, Buyinza AW, Obala T, Brooks WA, Sack DA. Environmental Surveillance of Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 in the Five African Great Lakes and Other Major Surface Water Sources in Uganda. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1560. [PMID: 30123189 PMCID: PMC6085420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera is a major public health problem in the African Great Lakes basin. Two hypotheses might explain this observation, namely the lakes are reservoirs of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 bacteria, or cholera outbreaks are a result of repeated pathogen introduction from the neighboring communities/countries but the lakes facilitate the introductions. A prospective study was conducted in Uganda between February 2015 and January 2016 in which 28 selected surface water sources were tested for the presence of V. cholerae species using cholera rapid test and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Of 322 water samples tested, 35 (10.8%) were positive for V. cholerae non O1/non O139 and two samples tested positive for non-toxigenic atypical V. cholerae O139. None of the samples tested had toxigenic V. cholerae O1 or O139 that are responsible for cholera epidemics. The Lake Albert region registered the highest number of positive tests for V. cholerae non O1/non O139 at 47% (9/19). The peak period for V. cholerae non O1/non O139 positive tests was in March–July 2015 which coincided with the first rainy season in Uganda. This study showed that the surface water sources, including the African Great Lakes in Uganda, are less likely to be reservoirs for the observed V. cholerae O1 or O139 epidemics, though they are natural habitats for V. cholerae non O1/non O139 and atypical non-toxigenic V. cholerae O139. Further studies by WGS tests of non-toxigenic atypical V. cholerae O139 and physicochemical tests of surface water sources that supports V. cholerae should be done to provide more information. Since V. cholerae non O1/non O139 may cause other human infections, their continued surveillance is needed to understand their potential pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Bwire
- Department of Community Health, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Quality Control, National Drug Authority, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Amanda K Debes
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher G Orach
- Community and Behavioral Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Atek Kagirita
- Department of Quality Control, National Drug Authority, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.,Uganda National Health Laboratory Services - Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Malathi Ram
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Henry Komakech
- Community and Behavioral Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph B Voeglein
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Tonny Obala
- Department of Quality Control, National Drug Authority, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - W Abdullah Brooks
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David A Sack
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Bliem R, Reischer G, Linke R, Farnleitner A, Kirschner A. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Vibrio cholerae in Turbid Alkaline Lakes as Determined by Quantitative PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00317-18. [PMID: 29625977 PMCID: PMC5960970 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00317-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, global warming has led to a growing number of Vibrio cholerae infections in bathing water users in regions formerly unaffected by this pathogen. It is therefore of high importance to monitor V. cholerae in aquatic environments and to elucidate the main factors governing its prevalence and abundance. For this purpose, rapid and standardizable methods that can be performed by routine water laboratories are prerequisite. In this study, we applied a recently developed multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) strategy (i) to monitor the spatiotemporal variability of V. cholerae abundance in two small soda pools and a large lake that is intensively used for recreation and (ii) to elucidate the main factors driving V. cholerae dynamics in these environments. V. cholerae was detected with qPCR at high concentrations of up to 970,000 genomic units 100 ml-1 during the warm season, up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than values obtained by cultivation. An independent cytometric approach led to results comparable to qPCR data but with significantly more positive samples due to problems with DNA recovery for qPCR. Not a single sample was positive for toxigenic V. cholerae, indicating that only nontoxigenic V. cholerae (NTVC) was present. Temperature was the main predictor of NTVC abundance, but the quality and quantity of dissolved organic matter were also important environmental correlates. Based on this study, we recommend using the developed qPCR strategy for quantification of toxigenic and nontoxigenic V. cholerae in bathing waters with the need for improvements in DNA recovery.IMPORTANCE There is a definitive need for rapid and standardizable methods to quantify waterborne bacterial pathogens. Such methods have to be thoroughly tested for their applicability to environmental samples. In this study, we critically tested a recently developed multiplex qPCR strategy for its applicability to determine the spatiotemporal variability of V. cholerae abundance in lakes with a challenging water matrix. Several qPCR protocols for V. cholerae detection have been developed in the laboratory, but comprehensive studies on the application to environmental samples are extremely scarce. In our study, we demonstrate that our developed qPCR approach is a valuable tool but that there is a need for improvement in DNA recovery for complex water matrices. Furthermore, we found that nontoxigenic V. cholerae is present in very high numbers in the investigated ecosystems, while toxigenic V. cholerae is apparently absent. Such information is of importance for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Bliem
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Vienna, Austria
- Armament and Defence Technology Agency, NBC & Environmental Protection Technology Division, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Reischer
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health‡
| | - Rita Linke
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health‡
| | - Andreas Farnleitner
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health‡
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Alexander Kirschner
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Vienna, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health‡
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44
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Hossain ZZ, Farhana I, Tulsiani SM, Begum A, Jensen PKM. Transmission and Toxigenic Potential of Vibrio cholerae in Hilsha Fish ( Tenualosa ilisha) for Human Consumption in Bangladesh. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29515532 PMCID: PMC5826273 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish have been considered natural reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae, the deadly diarrheal pathogen. However, little is known about the role of fish in the transmission of V. cholerae from the Bay of Bengal to the households of rural and urban Bangladesh. This study analyzes the incidence and pathogenic potential of V. cholerae in Hilsha (Tenualosa ilisha), a commonly caught and consumed fish that exhibits a life cycle in both freshwater and marine environments in Bangladesh. During the period from October 2014 to October 2015, samples from the gills, recta, intestines, and scale swabs of a total of 48 fish were analyzed. The fish were collected both at local markets in the capital city Dhaka and directly from fishermen at the river. PCR analysis by targeting V. cholerae species-specific ompW gene revealed that 39 of 48 (81%) fish were positive in at least one of the sample types. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the cholera-causing ctxA gene was detected in 20% (8 of 39) of V. cholerae-positive fish. A total of 158 V. cholerae isolates were obtained which were categorized into 35 genotypic groups. Altogether, 25 O1 and 133 non-O1/O139 strains were isolated, which were negative for the cholera toxin gene. Other pathogenic genes such as stn/sto, hlyA, chxA, SXT, rtxC, and HA-P were detected. The type three secretion system gene cluster (TTSS) was present in 18% (24 of 133) of non-O1/O139 isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that the isolates conferred high resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and kanamycin. Both O1 and non-O1/O139 strains were able to accumulate fluid in rabbit ileal loops and caused distinctive cell death in HeLa cell. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed clonal diversity among fish isolates with pandemic clones. Our data suggest a high prevalence of V. cholerae in Hilsha fish, which indicates that this fish could serve as a potential vehicle for V. cholerae transmission. Moreover, the indigenous V. cholerae strains isolated from Hilsha fish possess considerable virulence potential despite being quite diverse from current epidemic strains. This represents the first study of the population structure of V. cholerae associated with fish in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenat Z Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Israt Farhana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Suhella M Tulsiani
- Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Centre for Disaster Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anowara Begum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Peter K M Jensen
- Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Centre for Disaster Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Williams MR, Stedtfeld RD, Engle C, Salach P, Fakher U, Stedtfeld T, Dreelin E, Stevenson RJ, Latimore J, Hashsham SA. Isothermal amplification of environmental DNA (eDNA) for direct field-based monitoring and laboratory confirmation of Dreissena sp. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186462. [PMID: 29036210 PMCID: PMC5643059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of aquatic invasive species environmental DNA (AIS eDNA) was used for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Dreissena sp. relevant to the Great Lakes (USA) basin. The method was validated for two uses including i) direct amplification of eDNA using a hand filtration system and ii) confirmation of the results after DNA extraction using a conventional thermal cycler run at isothermal temperatures. Direct amplification eliminated the need for DNA extraction and purification and allowed detection of target invasive species in grab or concentrated surface water samples, containing both free DNA as well as larger cells and particulates, such as veligers, eggs, or seeds. The direct amplification method validation was conducted using Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis and uses up to 1 L grab water samples for high target abundance (e.g., greater than 10 veligers (larval mussels) per L for Dreissena sp.) or 20 L samples concentrated through 35 μm nylon screens for low target abundance, at less than 10 veligers per liter water. Surface water concentrate samples were collected over a period of three years, mostly from inland lakes in Michigan with the help of a network of volunteers. Field samples collected from 318 surface water locations included i) filtered concentrate for direct amplification validation and ii) 1 L grab water sample for eDNA extraction and confirmation. Though the extraction-based protocol was more sensitive (resulting in more positive detections than direct amplification), direct amplification could be used for rapid screening, allowing for quicker action times. For samples collected between May and August, results of eDNA direct amplification were consistent with known presence/absence of selected invasive species. A cross-platform smartphone application was also developed to disseminate the analyzed results to volunteers. Field tests of the direct amplification protocol using a portable device (Gene-Z) showed the method could be used in the field to obtain results within one hr (from sample to result). Overall, the direct amplification has the potential to simplify the eDNA-based monitoring of multiple aquatic invasive species. Additional studies are warranted to establish quantitative correlation between eDNA copy number, veliger, biomass or organismal abundance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie R. Williams
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Stedtfeld
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cathrine Engle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Paul Salach
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Umama Fakher
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Stedtfeld
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Erin Dreelin
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Water Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - R. Jan Stevenson
- Center for Water Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jo Latimore
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Syed A. Hashsham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hao M, Zhang P, Li B, Liu X, Zhao Y, Tan H, Sun C, Wang X, Wang X, Qiu H, Wang D, Diao B, Jing H, Yang R, Kan B, Zhou L. Development and evaluation of an up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral flow assay for the rapid, simultaneous detection of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179937. [PMID: 28662147 PMCID: PMC5491072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 are etiological agents of cholera, a serious and acute diarrheal disease, and rapid detection of V. cholerae is a key method for preventing and controlling cholera epidemics. Here, a point of care testing (POCT) method called Vch-UPT-LF, which is an up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral flow (UPT-LF) assay with a dual-target detection mode, was developed to detect V. cholerae O1 and O139 simultaneously from one sample loading. Although applying an independent reaction pair made both detection results for the two Vch-UPT-LF detection channels more stable, the sensitivity slightly declined from 104 to 105 colony-forming units (CFU) mL-1 compared with that of the single-target assay, while the quantification ranges covering four orders of magnitude were maintained. The strip showed excellent specificity for seven Vibrio species that are highly related genetically, and nine food-borne species whose transmission routes are similar to those of V. cholerae. The legitimate arrangement of the two adjacent test lines lessened the mutual impact of the quantitation results between the two targets, and the quantification values did not differ by more than one order of magnitude when the samples contained high concentrations of both V. cholerae O1 and O139. Under pre-incubation conditions, 1×101 CFU mL-1 of V. cholerae O1 or O139 could be detected in fewer than 7 h, while the Vch-UPT-LF assay exhibited sensitivity as high as a real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction with fewer false-positive results. Therefore, successful development of Vch-UPT-LF as a dual-target assay for quantitative detection makes this assay a good candidate POCT method for the detection and surveillance of epidemic cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Baisheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
- Chongqing Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chongyun Sun
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute for Plague Prevention and Control of Hebei Province, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Duochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Baowei Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi, P. R. China
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Rashed SM, Hasan NA, Alam M, Sadique A, Sultana M, Hoq MM, Sack RB, Colwell RR, Huq A. Vibrio cholerae O1 with Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin Isolated from a Rural Coastal Area of Bangladesh. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:252. [PMID: 28270803 PMCID: PMC5318396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera outbreaks occur each year in the remote coastal areas of Bangladesh and epidemiological surveillance and routine monitoring of cholera in these areas is challenging. In this study, a total of 97 Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Mathbaria, Bangladesh, collected during 2010 and 2014 were analyzed for phenotypic and genotypic traits, including antimicrobial susceptibility. Of the 97 isolates, 95 possessed CTX-phage mediated genes, ctxA, ace, and zot, and two lacked the cholera toxin gene, ctxA. Also both CTX+ and CTX−V. cholerae O1 isolated in this study carried rtxC, tcpAET, and hlyA. The classical cholera toxin gene, ctxB1, was detected in 87 isolates, while eight had ctxB7. Of 95 CTX+V. cholerae O1, 90 contained rstRET and 5 had rstRCL. All isolates, except two, contained SXT related integrase intSXT. Resistance to penicillin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, erythromycin, and tetracycline varied between the years of study period. Most importantly, 93% of the V. cholerae O1 were multidrug resistant. Six different resistance profiles were observed, with resistance to streptomycin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim predominant every year. Ciprofloxacin and azithromycin MIC were 0.003–0.75 and 0.19–2.00 μg/ml, respectively, indicating reduced susceptibility to these antibiotics. Sixteen of the V. cholerae O1 isolates showed higher MIC for azithromycin (≥0.5 μg/ml) and were further examined for 10 macrolide resistance genes, erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), ere(A), ere(B), mph(A), mph(B), mph(D), mef(A), and msr(A) with none testing positive for the macrolide resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah M Rashed
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nur A Hasan
- CosmosID, Inc.Rockville, MD, USA; Center of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute of Advanced Computer Studies, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Munirul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdus Sadique
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marzia Sultana
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mozammel Hoq
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Bradley Sack
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA; CosmosID, Inc.Rockville, MD, USA; Center of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute of Advanced Computer Studies, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA; Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
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48
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Economopoulou A, Chochlakis D, Almpan MA, Sandalakis V, Maraki S, Tselentis Y, Psaroulaki A. Environmental investigation for the presence of Vibrio species following a case of severe gastroenteritis in a touristic island. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4835-4840. [PMID: 27987123 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Global changes have caused a worldwide increase in reports of Vibrio-associated diseases with ecosystem-wide impacts on humans and marine animals. In Europe, higher prevalence of human infections followed regional climatic trends with outbreaks occurring during episodes of unusually warm weather. Similar patterns were also observed in Vibrio-associated diseases affecting marine organisms such as fish, bivalves, and corals. Following a possible human case of infection due to V. cholerae in the island of Kos (eastern Aegean, Greece), environmental samples were collected and tested for the presence of Vibrio species. Using chromogenic agar and MALDI-TOF MS, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus V. furnisii, V. alginolyticus, and V. fluvialis were isolated and/or identified. The presence of V. cholerae was established by PCR-sequencing analysis only. Following the susceptibility testing of the Vibrio isolates, only one, V. furnisii, showed intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin. The rest of the isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. The presence of Vibrio species in aquatic samples reveals potential dangers due to exposure to contaminated seawaters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimosthenis Chochlakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71100, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Regional Laboratory of Public Health of Crete, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Vassilios Sandalakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71100, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Regional Laboratory of Public Health of Crete, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Maraki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Yannis Tselentis
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71100, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anna Psaroulaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71100, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
- Regional Laboratory of Public Health of Crete, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
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49
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Rashid MU, George CM, Monira S, Mahmud T, Rahman Z, Mustafiz M, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Parvin T, Bhuyian SI, Zohura F, Begum F, Biswas SK, Akhter S, Zhang X, Sack D, Sack RB, Alam M. Chlorination of Household Drinking Water Among Cholera Patients' Households to Prevent Transmission of Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in Dhaka, Bangladesh: CHoBI7 Trial. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:1299-1304. [PMID: 27698273 PMCID: PMC5154443 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Household members of cholera patients are at a 100 times higher risk of cholera infections than the general population because of shared contaminated drinking water sources and secondary transmission through poor household hygiene practices. In this study, we investigated the bactericidal concentration of free chlorine required to inactivate Vibrio cholerae in household drinking water in Dhaka, Bangladesh. In laboratory experiments, we found that the concentrations of free chlorine required to inactivate 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of V. cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 were 0.1 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of free chlorine generated by a single chlorine tablet (sodium dichloroisocyanurate [33 mg]) after a 30-minute reaction time in a 10-L sealed vessel containing Dhaka city municipal supply water was 1.8 mg/L; and the concentration declined to 0.26 mg/L after 24 hours. In field measurements, water collected from 165 households enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a chlorine and handwashing with soap intervention (Cholera-Hospital-Based-Intervention-for-7-Days [CHoBI7]), we observed significantly higher free chlorine concentrations in the 82 intervention arm households (mean = 1.12 mg/L, standard deviation [SD] = 0.52, range = 0.07-2.6 mg/L) compared with the 83 control households (0.017 mg/L, SD = 0.01, range = 0-0.06 mg/L) (P < 0.001) during spot check visits. These findings suggest that point-of-use chlorine tablets present an effective approach to inactivate V. cholerae from drinking water in households of cholera patients in Dhaka city. This result is consistent with the findings from the RCT of CHoBI7 which found that this intervention led to a significant reduction in symptomatic cholera infections among household members of cholera patients and no stored drinking water samples with detectable V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamud-Ur Rashid
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Christine Marie George
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shirajum Monira
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Toslim Mahmud
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zillur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Munshi Mustafiz
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K M Saif-Ur-Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Parvin
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sazzadul Islam Bhuyian
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Zohura
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Begum
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shwapon Kumar Biswas
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shamima Akhter
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Sack
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R Bradley Sack
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Munirul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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50
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Holowko MB, Wang H, Jayaraman P, Poh CL. Biosensing Vibrio cholerae with Genetically Engineered Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:1275-1283. [PMID: 27529184 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholera is a potentially mortal, infectious disease caused by Vibrio cholerae bacterium. Current treatment methods of cholera still have limitations. Beneficial microbes that could sense and kill the V. cholerae could offer potential alternative to preventing and treating cholera. However, such V. cholerae targeting microbe is still not available. This microbe requires a sensing system to be able to detect the presence of V. cholera bacterium. To this end, we designed and created a synthetic genetic sensing system using nonpathogenic Escherichia coli as the host. To achieve the system, we have moved proteins used by V. cholerae for quorum sensing into E. coli. These sensor proteins have been further layered with a genetic inverter based on CRISPRi technology. Our design process was aided by computer models simulating in vivo behavior of the system. Our sensor shows high sensitivity to presence of V. cholerae supernatant with tight control of expression of output GFP protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej B. Holowko
- School of Chemical and Biomedical
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Huijuan Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Premkumar Jayaraman
- School of Chemical and Biomedical
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Chueh Loo Poh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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