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Pant T, Uche N, Juric M, Zielonka J, Bai X. Regulation of immunomodulatory networks by Nrf2-activation in immune cells: Redox control and therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103077. [PMID: 38359749 PMCID: PMC10877431 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases present a serious health challenge due to their widespread prevalence and the severe impact on patients' lives. In the quest to alleviate the burden of these diseases, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has emerged as a pivotal player. As a transcription factor intimately involved in cellular defense against metabolic and oxidative stress, Nrf2's role in modulating the inflammatory responses of immune cells has garnered significant attention. Recent findings suggest that Nrf2's ability to alter the redox status of cells underlies its regulatory effects on immune responses. Our review delves into preclinical and clinical evidence that underscores the complex influence of Nrf2 activators on immune cell phenotypes, particularly in the inflammatory milieu. By offering a detailed analysis of Nrf2's role in different immune cell populations, we cast light on the potential of Nrf2 activators in shaping the immune response towards a more regulated state, mitigating the adverse effects of inflammation through modeling redox status of immune cells. Furthermore, we explore the innovative use of nanoencapsulation techniques that enhance the delivery and efficacy of Nrf2 activators, potentially advancing the treatment strategies for inflammatory ailments. We hope this review will stimulate the development and expansion of Nrf2-targeted treatments that could substantially improve outcomes for patients suffering from a broad range of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Nnamdi Uche
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matea Juric
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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2
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Schirmer M, Stražar M, Avila-Pacheco J, Rojas-Tapias DF, Brown EM, Temple E, Deik A, Bullock K, Jeanfavre S, Pierce K, Jin S, Invernizzi R, Pust MM, Costliow Z, Mack DR, Griffiths AM, Walters T, Boyle BM, Kugathasan S, Vlamakis H, Hyams J, Denson L, Clish CB, Xavier RJ. Linking microbial genes to plasma and stool metabolites uncovers host-microbial interactions underlying ulcerative colitis disease course. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:209-226.e7. [PMID: 38215740 PMCID: PMC10923022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the role of the microbiome in inflammatory diseases requires the identification of microbial effector molecules. We established an approach to link disease-associated microbes to microbial metabolites by integrating paired metagenomics, stool and plasma metabolomics, and culturomics. We identified host-microbial interactions correlated with disease activity, inflammation, and the clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the Predicting Response to Standardized Colitis Therapy (PROTECT) pediatric inception cohort. In severe disease, metabolite changes included increased dipeptides and tauro-conjugated bile acids (BAs) and decreased amino-acid-conjugated BAs in stool, whereas in plasma polyamines (N-acetylputrescine and N1-acetylspermidine) increased. Using patient samples and Veillonella parvula as a model, we uncovered nitrate- and lactate-dependent metabolic pathways, experimentally linking V. parvula expansion to immunomodulatory tryptophan metabolite production. Additionally, V. parvula metabolizes immunosuppressive thiopurine drugs through xdhA xanthine dehydrogenase, potentially impairing the therapeutic response. Our findings demonstrate that the microbiome contributes to disease-associated metabolite changes, underscoring the importance of these interactions in disease pathology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schirmer
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Translational Microbiome Data Integration, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Martin Stražar
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Eric M Brown
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Emily Temple
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kevin Bullock
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sarah Jeanfavre
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kerry Pierce
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shen Jin
- Translational Microbiome Data Integration, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Marie-Madlen Pust
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zach Costliow
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David R Mack
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Anne M Griffiths
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Thomas Walters
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Brendan M Boyle
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hyams
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Lee Denson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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3
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Zhang H, Lu R, Huang J, Li L, Cao Y, Huang C, Chen R, Wang Y, Huang J, Zhao X, Yu J. N4-acetylcytidine modifies primary microRNAs for processing in cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:73. [PMID: 38308713 PMCID: PMC10838262 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
N4 acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification mainly occurs on tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA, playing an important role in the expression of genetic information. However, it is still unclear whether microRNAs have undergone ac4C modification and their potential physiological and pathological functions. In this study, we identified that NAT10/THUMPD1 acetylates primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) with ac4C modification. Knockdown of NAT10 suppresses and augments the expression levels of mature miRNAs and pri-miRNAs, respectively. Molecular mechanism studies found that pri-miRNA ac4C promotes the processing of pri-miRNA into precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) by enhancing the interaction of pri-miRNA and DGCR8, thereby increasing the biogenesis of mature miRNA. Knockdown of NAT10 attenuates the oncogenic characters of lung cancer cells by regulating miRNA production in cancers. Moreover, NAT10 is highly expressed in various clinical cancers and negatively correlated with poor prognosis. Thus, our results reveal that NAT10 plays a crucial role in cancer initiation and progression by modulating pri-miRNA ac4C to affect miRNA production, which would provide an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Runhui Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yingting Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Caihu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jianxiu Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Timpani CA, Kourakis S, Debruin DA, Campelj DG, Pompeani N, Dargahi N, Bautista AP, Bagaric RM, Ritenis EJ, Sahakian L, Debrincat D, Stupka N, Hafner P, Arthur PG, Terrill JR, Apostolopoulos V, de Haan JB, Guven N, Fischer D, Rybalka E. Dimethyl fumarate modulates the dystrophic disease program following short-term treatment. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165974. [PMID: 37751291 PMCID: PMC10721277 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
New medicines are urgently required to treat the fatal neuromuscular disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a potent immunomodulatory small molecule nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator with current clinical utility in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis that could be effective for DMD and rapidly translatable. Here, we tested 2 weeks of daily 100 mg/kg DMF versus 5 mg/kg standard-care prednisone (PRED) treatment in juvenile mdx mice with early symptomatic DMD. Both drugs modulated seed genes driving the DMD disease program and improved force production in fast-twitch muscle. However, only DMF showed pro-mitochondrial effects, protected contracting muscles from fatigue, improved histopathology, and augmented clinically compatible muscle function tests. DMF may be a more selective modulator of the DMD disease program than PRED, warranting follow-up longitudinal studies to evaluate disease-modifying impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A. Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine – Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Kourakis
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle A. Debruin
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dean G. Campelj
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nancy Pompeani
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Narges Dargahi
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angelo P. Bautista
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan M. Bagaric
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elya J. Ritenis
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Sahakian
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine – Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Didier Debrincat
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Stupka
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine – Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia Hafner
- Division of Neuropaediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter G. Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica R. Terrill
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy B. de Haan
- Basic Science Domain, Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nuri Guven
- Department of Medicine – Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Neuropaediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine – Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Neuropaediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Koca N, Seferoğlu M. Effects of disease-modifying therapies on lipid parameters in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 77:104876. [PMID: 37423049 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol and lipids are essential components of nerve cells. Myelin synthesis and stabilization is a cholesterol-dependent process. It has been shown in several studies that high plasma cholesterol levels may be associated with clinical deterioration in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). There is scarce information about the effects of disease-modifying treatment (DMTs) on lipid profile. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of DMTs on plasma lipid profiles in MS patients. METHOD The records of 380 MS patients who were still under follow-up were analyzed in terms of age, sex, disease duration, EDSS scores, serum lipid levels, and used DMTs. The data of patients receiving Interferon (n = 53), Glatiramer acetate (n = 25), Fingolimod (n = 44), Teriflunomide (n = 24), Dimethyl fumarate (n = 7) and Ocrelizumab (n = 14) were compared with the data of control group (n = 53). RESULTS A total of 220 patients, 157 women, and 63 men, were included in the study. The average age of the participants in the study was 39.83 ± 10.21 years, mean disease duration was 8.45 ± 6.56 years, and the EDSS score was 2.25 ± 1.97. Although, Lipid parameters were higher in MS patients using Fingolimod the difference cannot reach the statistical significance. CONCLUSION No significant relationship was found between the DMTs that MS patients had been using for the last six months and their cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizameddin Koca
- University of Health Sciences, Bursa Sehir Training & Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Meral Seferoğlu
- University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Bursa, Turkey
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6
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Mujalli A, Farrash WF, Alghamdi KS, Obaid AA. Metabolite Alterations in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review of Metabolomics Studies. Metabolites 2023; 13:987. [PMID: 37755267 PMCID: PMC10537330 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, characterized by the immune system's loss of self-tolerance, lack definitive diagnostic tests, necessitating the search for reliable biomarkers. This systematic review aims to identify common metabolite changes across multiple autoimmune diseases. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review by searching MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus (Elsevier) using keywords "Metabolomics", "Autoimmune diseases", and "Metabolic changes". Articles published in English up to March 2023 were included without a specific start date filter. Among 257 studies searched, 88 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria. The included articles were categorized based on analyzed biological fluids: 33 on serum, 21 on plasma, 15 on feces, 7 on urine, and 12 on other biological fluids. Each study presented different metabolites with indications of up-regulation or down-regulation when available. The current study's findings suggest that amino acid metabolism may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for autoimmune diseases, particularly in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Crohn's disease (CD). While other metabolic alterations were reported, it implies that autoimmune disorders trigger multi-metabolite changes rather than singular alterations. These shifts could be consequential outcomes of autoimmune disorders, representing a more complex interplay. Further studies are needed to validate the metabolomics findings associated with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Mujalli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (W.F.F.); (A.A.O.)
| | - Wesam F. Farrash
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (W.F.F.); (A.A.O.)
| | - Kawthar S. Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-Batin 39511, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad A. Obaid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (W.F.F.); (A.A.O.)
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Macioszek S, Dudzik D, Biesemans M, Wozniak A, Schöffski P, Markuszewski MJ. A multiplatform metabolomics approach for comprehensive analysis of GIST xenografts with various KIT mutations. Analyst 2023; 148:3883-3891. [PMID: 37458061 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00599b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites in biological matrices belong to diverse chemical groups, ranging from non-polar long-chain fatty acids to small polar molecules. The goal of untargeted metabolomic analysis is to measure the highest number of metabolites in the sample. Nevertheless, from an analytical point of view, no single technique can measure such a broad spectrum of analytes. Therefore, we selected a method based on GC-MS and LC-MS with two types of stationary phases for the untargeted profiling of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. The procedure was applied to GIST xenograft samples (n = 71) representing four different mutation models, half of which were treated with imatinib. We aimed to verify the method coverage and advantages of applying each technique. RP-LC-MS measured most metabolites due to a significant fraction of lipid components of the tumour tissue. What is unique and worth noting is that all applied techniques were able to distinguish between different mutation models. However, for detecting imatinib-induced alterations in the GIST metabolome, RP-LC-MS and GC-MS proved to be more relevant than HILIC-LC-MS, resulting in a higher number of significantly changed metabolites in four treated models. Undoubtedly, the inclusion of all mentioned techniques makes the method more comprehensive. Nonetheless, for green chemistry and time and labour saving, we assume that RP-LC-MS and GC-MS analyses are sufficient to cover the global GIST metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Macioszek
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Danuta Dudzik
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Margot Biesemans
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wozniak
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, and Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, and Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michal J Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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8
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Long Y, Ren Y, Wei Q, Mobet Y, Liu Y, Zhao H, Liu T, Cheng L, Yi P. NAT10-mediated RNA acetylation enhances HNRNPUL1 mRNA stability to contribute cervical cancer progression. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1079-1090. [PMID: 37484809 PMCID: PMC10357443 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.83828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a lately discovered nucleotide modification that has been shown to be closely implicated in cancer. N-acetyltransferase10(NAT10) acts as an enzyme that regulates mRNA acetylation modifications. Currently, the role of NAT10-mediated RNA acetylation modification in cervical cancer remains to be elucidated. On the basis of transcriptome analysis of TCGA and GEO open datasets (GSE52904, GSE29570, GSE122697), NAT10 is upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and correlated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of NAT10 suppressed the cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of cervical cancer cells. The in vivo oncogenic function of NAT10 was also confirmed in xenograft models. Combined RNA-seq and acRIP-seq analysis revealed HNRNPUL1 as the target of NAT10 in cervical cancer. NAT10 positively regulate HNRNPUL1 expression by promoting ac4C modification and stability of HNRNPUL1 mRNA. Furthermore, depletion of HNRNPUL1 suppressed the cell division, invasion, and migration of cervical cancer. HNRNPUL1 overexpression partially restored cellular function in cervical cancer cells with NAT10 knockdown. Thus, this study demonstrates that NAT10 contributes to cervical cancer progression by enhancing HNRNPUL1 mRNA stability via ac4C modification, and NAT10-ac4C-HNRNPUL1 axis might be a potential target for cervical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Yifei Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Qinglv Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Youchaou Mobet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Yujiao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
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9
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Herman S, Arvidsson McShane S, Zjukovskaja C, Khoonsari PE, Svenningsson A, Burman J, Spjuth O, Kultima K. Disease phenotype prediction in multiple sclerosis. iScience 2023; 26:106906. [PMID: 37332601 PMCID: PMC10275960 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is currently diagnosed retrospectively. Here, we work toward a set of biomarkers that could assist in early diagnosis of PMS. A selection of cerebrospinal fluid metabolites (n = 15) was shown to differentiate between PMS and its preceding phenotype in an independent cohort (AUC = 0.93). Complementing the classifier with conformal prediction showed that highly confident predictions could be made, and that three out of eight patients developing PMS within three years of sample collection were predicted as PMS at that time point. Finally, this methodology was applied to PMS patients as part of a clinical trial for intrathecal treatment with rituximab. The methodology showed that 68% of the patients decreased their similarity to the PMS phenotype one year after treatment. In conclusion, the inclusion of confidence predictors contributes with more information compared to traditional machine learning, and this information is relevant for disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Herman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Payam Emami Khoonsari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Box 1031, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Anders Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Burman
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Spjuth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Rybalka E, Kourakis S, Bonsett CA, Moghadaszadeh B, Beggs AH, Timpani CA. Adenylosuccinic Acid: An Orphan Drug with Untapped Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:822. [PMID: 37375769 PMCID: PMC10304260 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylosuccinic acid (ASA) is an orphan drug that was once investigated for clinical application in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Endogenous ASA participates in purine recycling and energy homeostasis but might also be crucial for averting inflammation and other forms of cellular stress during intense energy demand and maintaining tissue biomass and glucose disposal. This article documents the known biological functions of ASA and explores its potential application for the treatment of neuromuscular and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rybalka
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (S.K.); (C.A.T.)
- Inherited and Acquired Myopathy Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine—Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Division of Neuropaediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital of Basel (UKBB), 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Kourakis
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (S.K.); (C.A.T.)
- Inherited and Acquired Myopathy Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Charles A. Bonsett
- Dystrophy Concepts Incorporated, Indianapolis, IN 46226, USA;
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Behzad Moghadaszadeh
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.M.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Alan H. Beggs
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.M.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Cara A. Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (S.K.); (C.A.T.)
- Inherited and Acquired Myopathy Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine—Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
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11
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Zhang M, Yang K, Wang QH, Xie L, Liu Q, Wei R, Tao Y, Zheng HL, Lin N, Xu H, Yang L, Wang H, Zhang T, Xue Z, Cao JL, Pan Z. The Cytidine N-Acetyltransferase NAT10 Participates in Peripheral Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain by Stabilizing SYT9 Expression in Primary Sensory Neurons. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3009-3027. [PMID: 36898834 PMCID: PMC10146489 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2321-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification is increasingly recognized as an important layer of gene regulation; however, the involvement of ac4C in pain regulation has not been studied. Here, we report that N-acetyltransferase 10 protein (NAT10; the only known ac4C "writer") contributes to the induction and development of neuropathic pain in an ac4C-dependent manner. Peripheral nerve injury increases the levels of NAT10 expression and overall ac4C in injured dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). This upregulation is triggered by the activation of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1), a transcription factor that binds to the Nat10 promoter. Knock-down or genetic deletion of NAT10 in the DRG abolishes the gain of ac4C sites in Syt9 mRNA and the augmentation of SYT9 protein, resulting in a marked antinociceptive effect in nerve-injured male mice. Conversely, mimicking NAT10 upregulation in the absence of injury evokes the elevation of Syt9 ac4C and SYT9 protein and induces the genesis of neuropathic-pain-like behaviors. These findings demonstrate that USF1-governed NAT10 regulates neuropathic pain by targeting Syt9 ac4C in peripheral nociceptive sensory neurons. Our findings establish NAT10 as a critical endogenous initiator of nociceptive behavior and a promising new target for treating neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The cytidine N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), a new epigenetic RNA modification, is crucial for the translation and stability of mRNA, but its role for chronic pain remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) acts as ac4C N-acetyltransferase and plays an important role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. NAT10 was upregulated via the activation of the transcription factor upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) in the injured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after peripheral nerve injury. Since pharmacological or genetic deleting NAT10 in the DRG attenuated the nerve injury-induced nociceptive hypersensitivities partially through suppressing Syt9 mRNA ac4C and stabilizing SYT9 protein level, NAT10 may serve as an effective and novel therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Kehui Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qi-Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Runa Wei
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yang Tao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hong-Li Zheng
- Department of Pain, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ninghua Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Hengjun Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Li Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Tingruo Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhouya Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yancheng affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng 224008, China
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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12
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Lorefice L, Pitzalis M, Murgia F, Fenu G, Atzori L, Cocco E. Omics approaches to understanding the efficacy and safety of disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1076421. [PMID: 36793897 PMCID: PMC9922720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1076421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
From the perspective of precision medicine, the challenge for the future is to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic responses through the identification of biomarkers. In this framework, the omics sciences (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and their combined use represent innovative approaches for the exploration of the complexity and heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis (MS). This review examines the evidence currently available on the application of omics sciences to MS, analyses the methods, their limitations, the samples used, and their characteristics, with a particular focus on biomarkers associated with the disease state, exposure to disease-modifying treatments (DMTs), and drug efficacies and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Lorefice
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lorena Lorefice,
| | - Maristella Pitzalis
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Murgia
- Dpt of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Department of Neurosciences, ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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13
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Sánchez-Sanz A, Posada-Ayala M, Sabín-Muñoz J, Fernández-Miranda I, Aladro-Benito Y, Álvarez-Lafuente R, Royuela A, García-Hernández R, la Fuente ORD, Romero J, García-Merino A, Sánchez-López AJ. Endocannabinoid levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis patients treated with dimethyl fumarate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20300. [PMID: 36434122 PMCID: PMC9700785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), a signalling network with immunomodulatory properties, is a potential therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis (MS). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an approved drug for MS whose mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated; the possibility exists that its therapeutic effects could imply the ECS. With the aim of studying if DMF can modulate the ECS, the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 21 healthy donors (HD) and 32 MS patients at baseline and after 12 and 24 months of DMF treatment. MS patients presented lower levels of 2-AG and PEA compared to HD. 2-AG increased at 24 months, reaching HD levels. AEA and PEA remained stable at 12 and 24 months. OEA increased at 12 months and returned to initial levels at 24 months. Patients who achieved no evidence of disease activity (NEDA3) presented the same modulation over time as EDA3 patients. PEA was modulated differentially between females and males. Our results show that the ECS is dysregulated in MS patients. The increase in 2-AG and OEA during DMF treatment suggests a possible role of DMF in ECS modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Sánchez-Sanz
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5515.40000000119578126PhD Program in Molecular Biosciences, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Posada-Ayala
- grid.449795.20000 0001 2193 453XFaculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Sabín-Muñoz
- grid.73221.350000 0004 1767 8416Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Fernández-Miranda
- grid.5515.40000000119578126PhD Program in Molecular Biosciences, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,Lymphoma Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Aladro-Benito
- grid.411244.60000 0000 9691 6072Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Álvarez-Lafuente
- grid.414780.eGrupo de Investigación de Factores Ambientales en Enfermedades Degenerativas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain ,grid.483890.e0000 0004 6095 7779Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Royuela
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth García-Hernández
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ofir Rodríguez-De la Fuente
- grid.73221.350000 0004 1767 8416Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Romero
- grid.449795.20000 0001 2193 453XFaculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Merino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain ,grid.73221.350000 0004 1767 8416Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain ,grid.483890.e0000 0004 6095 7779Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio José Sánchez-López
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain ,grid.483890.e0000 0004 6095 7779Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Barcelona, Spain ,Biobank, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Zhang Y, Deng Z, Sun S, Xie S, Jiang M, Chen B, Gu C, Yang Y. NAT10 acetylates BCL-XL mRNA to promote the proliferation of multiple myeloma cells through PI3K-AKT pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:967811. [PMID: 35978804 PMCID: PMC9376478 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.967811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clinically distinctive plasma cell malignancy in the bone marrow (BM), in which epigenetic abnormalities are featured prominently. Epigenetic modifications including acetylation have been deemed to contribute to tumorigenesis. N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is an important regulator of mRNA acetylation in many cancers, however its function in MM is poorly studied. We first analyzed MM clinical databases and found that elevated NAT10 expression conferred a poor prognosis in MM patients. Furthermore, overexpression of NAT10 promoted MM cell proliferation. The correlation analysis of acRIP-seq screened BCL-XL (BCL2L1) as a significant downstream target of NAT10. Further RNA decay assay showed that increased NAT10 improved the stability of BCL-XL mRNA and promoted protein translation to suppress cell apoptosis. NAT10 activated PI3K-AKT pathway and upregulated CDK4/CDK6 to accelerate cellular proliferation. Importantly, inhibition of NAT10 by Remodelin suppressed MM cell growth and induced cell apoptosis. Our findings show the important role of NAT10/BCL-XL axis in promoting MM cell proliferation. Further explorations are needed to fully define the potential of targeting NAT10 therapy in MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiao Zhang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhendong Deng
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanliang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Xie
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingmei Jiang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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15
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Intermittent calorie restriction alters T cell subsets and metabolic markers in people with multiple sclerosis. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104124. [PMID: 35816900 PMCID: PMC9283513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Yu H, Bai S, Hao Y, Guan Y. Fatty acids role in multiple sclerosis as "metabokines". J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:157. [PMID: 35715809 PMCID: PMC9205055 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), as an autoimmune neurological disease with both genetic and environmental contribution, still lacks effective treatment options among progressive patients, highlighting the need to re-evaluate disease innate properties in search for novel therapeutic targets. Fatty acids (FA) and MS bear an interesting intimate connection. FA and FA metabolism are highly associated with autoimmunity, as the diet-derived circulatory and tissue-resident FAs level and composition can modulate immune cells polarization, differentiation and function, suggesting their broad regulatory role as “metabokines”. In addition, FAs are indeed protective factors for blood–brain barrier integrity, crucial contributors of central nervous system (CNS) chronic inflammation and progressive degeneration, as well as important materials for remyelination. The remaining area of ambiguity requires further exploration into this arena to validate the existed phenomenon, develop novel therapies, and confirm the safety and efficacy of therapeutic intervention targeting FA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yu
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shuwei Bai
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yong Hao
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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17
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Ntranos A, Park HJ, Wentling M, Tolstikov V, Amatruda M, Inbar B, Kim-Schulze S, Frazier C, Button J, Kiebish MA, Lublin F, Edwards K, Casaccia P. Bacterial neurotoxic metabolites in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Brain 2022; 145:569-583. [PMID: 34894211 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders has highlighted the importance of gut-brain communication, and yet the question regarding the identity of the components responsible for this cross-talk remains open. We previously reported that relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with dimethyl fumarate have a prominent depletion of the gut microbiota, thereby suggesting that studying the composition of plasma and CSF samples from these patients may help to identify microbially derived metabolites. We used a functional xenogeneic assay consisting of cultured rat neurons exposed to CSF samples collected from multiple sclerosis patients before and after dimethyl fumarate treatment to assess neurotoxicity and then conducted a metabolomic analysis of plasma and CSF samples to identify metabolites with differential abundance. A weighted correlation network analysis allowed us to identify groups of metabolites, present in plasma and CSF samples, whose abundance correlated with the neurotoxic potential of the CSF. This analysis identified the presence of phenol and indole group metabolites of bacterial origin (e.g. p-cresol sulphate, indoxyl sulphate and N-phenylacetylglutamine) as potentially neurotoxic and decreased by treatment. Chronic exposure of cultured neurons to these metabolites impaired their firing rate and induced axonal damage, independent from mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, thereby identifying a novel pathway of neurotoxicity. Clinical, radiological and cognitive test metrics were also collected in treated patients at follow-up visits. Improved MRI metrics, disability and cognition were only detected in dimethyl fumarate-treated relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients. The levels of the identified metabolites of bacterial origin (p-cresol sulphate, indoxyl sulphate and N-phenylacetylglutamine) were inversely correlated to MRI measurements of cortical volume and directly correlated to the levels of neurofilament light chain, an established biomarker of neurodegeneration. Our data suggest that phenol and indole derivatives from the catabolism of tryptophan and phenylalanine are microbially derived metabolites, which may mediate gut-brain communication and induce neurotoxicity in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilles Ntranos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Maureen Wentling
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | | | - Mario Amatruda
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Benjamin Inbar
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carol Frazier
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of Northeastern New York, Latham, NY 12110, USA
| | - Judy Button
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of Northeastern New York, Latham, NY 12110, USA
| | | | - Fred Lublin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keith Edwards
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of Northeastern New York, Latham, NY 12110, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Graduate Program in Biology and Biochemistry at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Liu Z, Jeffrey W, Rui B. Metabolomics as a promising tool for improving understanding of Multiple Sclerosis: a review of recent advances. Biomed J 2022; 45:594-606. [PMID: 35042018 PMCID: PMC9486246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that usually affects young adults. The development of MS is closely related to the changes in the metabolome. Metabolomics studies have been performed using biofluids or tissue samples from rodent models and human patients to reveal metabolic alterations associated with MS progression. This review aims to provide an overview of the applications of metabolomics that for the investigations of the perturbed metabolic pathways in MS and to reveal the potential of metabolomics in personalizing treatments. In conclusion, informative variations of metabolites can be potential biomarkers in advancing our understanding of MS pathogenesis for MS diagnosis, predicting the progression of the disease, and estimating drug effects. Metabolomics will be a promising technique for improving clinical care in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Waters Jeffrey
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Bin Rui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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19
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Yang F, Wu SC, Ling ZX, Chao S, Zhang LJ, Yan XM, He L, Yu LM, Zhao LY. Altered Plasma Metabolic Profiles in Chinese Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:792711. [PMID: 34975894 PMCID: PMC8715987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that leads to the demyelination of nerve axons. An increasing number of studies suggest that patients with MS exhibit altered metabolic profiles, which might contribute to the course of MS. However, the alteration of metabolic profiles in Chinese patients with MS and their potential roles in regulating the immune system remain elusive. In this study, we performed a global untargeted metabolomics approach in plasma samples from 22 MS-affected Chinese patients and 21 healthy subjects. A total of 42 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) belonging to amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates were identified in the plasma of MS patients and compared with those in healthy controls. We observed an evident reduction in the levels of amino acids, such as L-tyrosine, L-isoleucine, and L-tryptophan, whereas there was a great increase in the levels of L-glutamic acid and L-valine in MS-affected patients. The levels of lipid and carbohydrate metabolites, such as sphingosine 1-phosphate and myo-inositol, were also reduced in patients with MS. In addition, the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17 and TNF-α, were significantly increased, whereas those of several anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1ra, IL-7, and MIP-1α, were distinctly reduced in the plasma of MS patients compared with those in healthy subjects. Interestingly, some DAMs, such as L-tryptophan and sphingosine 1-phosphate, showed an evident negative correlation with changes in the level of TNF-α and IL-17, while tightly positively correlating with altered concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as MIP-1α and RANTES. Our results revealed that altered metabolomic profiles might contribute to the pathogenesis and course of MS disease by modulating immuno-inflammatory responses in the peripheral system, which is essential for eliciting autoimmune responses in the central nervous system, thus resulting in the progression of MS. This study provides potential clues for developing therapeutic strategies for MS in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-chang Wu
- Department of Geriatrics and Clinical Laboratory, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Zong-xin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Microbe & Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Shan Chao
- Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-juan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Clinical Laboratory, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xiu-mei Yan
- Department of Geriatrics and Clinical Laboratory, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-mei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Long-you Zhao, ; Li-mei Yu,
| | - Long-you Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics and Clinical Laboratory, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
- *Correspondence: Long-you Zhao, ; Li-mei Yu,
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20
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Fitzgerald KC, Smith MD, Kim S, Sotirchos ES, Kornberg MD, Douglas M, Nourbakhsh B, Graves J, Rattan R, Poisson L, Cerghet M, Mowry EM, Waubant E, Giri S, Calabresi PA, Bhargava P. Multi-omic evaluation of metabolic alterations in multiple sclerosis identifies shifts in aromatic amino acid metabolism. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100424. [PMID: 34755135 PMCID: PMC8561319 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The circulating metabolome provides unique insights into multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology, but existing studies are relatively small or characterized limited metabolites. We test for differences in the metabolome between people with MS (PwMS; n = 637 samples) and healthy controls (HC; n = 317 samples) and assess the association between metabolomic profiles and disability in PwMS. We then assess whether metabolic differences correlate with changes in cellular gene expression using publicly available scRNA-seq data and whether identified metabolites affect human immune cell function. In PwMS, we identify striking abnormalities in aromatic amino acid (AAA) metabolites (p = 2.77E−18) that are also strongly associated with disability (p = 1.01E−4). Analysis of scRNA-seq data demonstrates altered AAA metabolism in CSF and blood-derived monocyte cell populations in PwMS. Treatment with AAA-derived metabolites in vitro alters monocytic endocytosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. We identify shifts in AAA metabolism resulting in the reduced production of immunomodulatory metabolites and increased production of metabotoxins in PwMS. Significant alterations in the circulating metabolome are noted in multiple sclerosis Aromatic amino acid (AAA) metabolite levels are linked to disease severity Expression of AAA metabolism genes is altered in MS blood and CSF immune cells AAA metabolites alter human monocyte cytokine production and endocytosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elias S Sotirchos
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael D Kornberg
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Morgan Douglas
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bardia Nourbakhsh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Graves
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Laila Poisson
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mirela Cerghet
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Mowry
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Podbielska M, O’Keeffe J, Pokryszko-Dragan A. New Insights into Multiple Sclerosis Mechanisms: Lipids on the Track to Control Inflammation and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147319. [PMID: 34298940 PMCID: PMC8303889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease with complex pathogenesis, including two main processes: immune-mediated inflammatory demyelination and progressive degeneration with axonal loss. Despite recent progress in our understanding and management of MS, availability of sensitive and specific biomarkers for these both processes, as well as neuroprotective therapeutic options targeted at progressive phase of disease, are still being sought. Given their abundance in the myelin sheath, lipids are believed to play a central role in underlying immunopathogenesis in MS and seem to be a promising subject of investigation in this field. On the basis of our previous research and a review of the literature, we discuss the current understanding of lipid-related mechanisms involved in active relapse, remission, and progression of MS. These insights highlight potential usefulness of lipid markers in prediction or monitoring the course of MS, particularly in its progressive stage, still insufficiently addressed. Furthermore, they raise hope for new, effective, and stage-specific treatment options, involving lipids as targets or carriers of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Podbielska
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-370-9912
| | - Joan O’Keeffe
- Department of Analytical, Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, School of Science & Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland;
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22
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Keller J, Zackowski K, Kim S, Chidobem I, Smith M, Farhadi F, Bhargava P. Exercise leads to metabolic changes associated with improved strength and fatigue in people with MS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1308-1317. [PMID: 33955210 PMCID: PMC8164856 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of this exploratory study was to evaluate the effects of an exercise intervention – progressive resistance training (PRT) on the metabolome of people with MS (pwMS) and to link these to changes in clinical outcomes. Methods 14 pwMS with EDSS <4.0 and 13 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls completed a 12‐week in‐person PRT exercise intervention. Outcome measures included: plasma metabolomics analysis, cardiovascular fitness tests, EDSS, timed 25‐foot walk (T25FW), six‐minute walk test (6MWT), hip strength, and modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS). We identified changes in the metabolome with PRT intervention in both groups using individual metabolite abundance and weighted correlation network defined metabolite module eigenvalues and then examined correlations in changes in metabolite modules with changes in various clinical outcomes. Results In both groups PRT intervention improved hip strength, distance walked in 6WMT, speed of walking, while fatigue (MFIS) was improved in pwMS. Fatty acid, phospholipid, and sex steroid metabolism were significantly altered by PRT in pwMS but not in controls. Changes in fatigue (MFIS score) were strongly inversely correlated and hip strength was moderately correlated with change in sex steroid metabolite module in pwMS. A similar relationship was noted between change in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate abundance (sex steroid metabolite) and fatigue in pwMS. We also noted an inverse correlation between changes in fatty acid metabolism and cardiovascular fitness in pwMS. Interpretation PRT‐induced metabolic changes may underlie improved clinical parameters in pwMS and may warrant investigation as potential therapeutic targets in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ikechukwu Chidobem
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Farzaneh Farhadi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Sinton MC, Meseguer-Ripolles J, Lucendo-Villarin B, Wernig-Zorc S, Thomson JP, Carter RN, Lyall MJ, Walker PD, Thakker A, Meehan RR, Lavery GG, Morton NM, Ludwig C, Tennant DA, Hay DC, Drake AJ. A human pluripotent stem cell model for the analysis of metabolic dysfunction in hepatic steatosis. iScience 2021; 24:101931. [PMID: 33409477 PMCID: PMC7773967 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most prevalent form of liver disease worldwide. This term encompasses a spectrum of pathologies, from benign hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which have, to date, been challenging to model in the laboratory setting. Here, we present a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived model of hepatic steatosis, which overcomes inherent challenges of current models and provides insights into the metabolic rewiring associated with steatosis. Following induction of macrovesicular steatosis in hepatocyte-like cells using lactate, pyruvate, and octanoate (LPO), respirometry and transcriptomic analyses revealed compromised electron transport chain activity. 13C isotopic tracing studies revealed enhanced TCA cycle anaplerosis, with concomitant development of a compensatory purine nucleotide cycle shunt leading to excess generation of fumarate. This model of hepatic steatosis is reproducible, scalable, and overcomes the challenges of studying mitochondrial metabolism in currently available models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Sinton
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jose Meseguer-Ripolles
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Baltasar Lucendo-Villarin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sara Wernig-Zorc
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - John P. Thomson
- Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4, 2XU, UK
| | - Roderick N. Carter
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marcus J. Lyall
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul D. Walker
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, IBR Tower, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT,, UK
| | - Alpesh Thakker
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, IBR Tower, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT,, UK
| | - Richard R. Meehan
- Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4, 2XU, UK
| | - Gareth G. Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, IBR Tower, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT,, UK
| | - Nicholas M. Morton
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, IBR Tower, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT,, UK
| | - Daniel A. Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, IBR Tower, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT,, UK
| | - David C. Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Amanda J. Drake
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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24
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Wipke BT, Hoepner R, Strassburger-Krogias K, Thomas AM, Gianni D, Szak S, Brennan MS, Pistor M, Gold R, Chan A, Scannevin RH. Different Fumaric Acid Esters Elicit Distinct Pharmacologic Responses. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/2/e950. [PMID: 33468560 PMCID: PMC7862084 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective To test the hypothesis that dimethyl fumarate (DMF, Tecfidera) elicits different biological changes from DMF combined with monoethyl fumarate (MEF) (Fumaderm, a psoriasis therapy), we investigated DMF and MEF in rodents and cynomolgus monkeys. Possible translatability of findings was explored with lymphocyte counts from a retrospective cohort of patients with MS. Methods In rodents, we evaluated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects induced by DMF and MEF monotherapies or in combination (DMF/MEF). Clinical implications were investigated in a retrospective, observational analysis of patients with MS treated with DMF/MEF (n = 36). Results In rodents and cynomolgus monkeys, monomethyl fumarate (MMF, the primary metabolite of DMF) exhibited higher brain penetration, whereas MEF was preferentially partitioned into the kidney. In mice, transcriptional profiling for DMF and MEF alone identified both common and distinct pharmacodynamic responses, with almost no overlap between DMF- and MEF-induced differentially expressed gene profiles in immune tissues. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated oxidative stress response pathway was exclusively regulated by DMF, whereas apoptosis pathways were activated by MEF. DMF/MEF treatment demonstrated that DMF and MEF functionally interact to modify DMF- and MEF-specific responses in unpredictable ways. In patients with MS, DMF/MEF treatment led to early and pronounced suppression of lymphocytes, predominantly CD8+ T cells. In a multivariate regression analysis, the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) was associated with age at therapy start, baseline ALC, and DMF/MEF dosage but not with previous immunosuppressive medication and sex. Furthermore, the ALC increased in a small cohort of patients with MS (n = 6/7) after switching from DMF/MEF to DMF monotherapy. Conclusions Fumaric acid esters exhibit different biodistribution and may elicit different biological responses; furthermore, pharmacodynamic effects of combinations differ unpredictably from monotherapy. The strong potential to induce lymphopenia in patients with MS may be a result of activation of apoptosis pathways by MEF compared with DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Wipke
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Hoepner
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Strassburger-Krogias
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ankur M Thomas
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Davide Gianni
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Suzanne Szak
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melanie S Brennan
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maximilian Pistor
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrew Chan
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Robert H Scannevin
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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25
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Zahoor I, Rui B, Khan J, Datta I, Giri S. An emerging potential of metabolomics in multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive overview. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3181-3203. [PMID: 33449145 PMCID: PMC8038957 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the nervous system that primarily affects young adults. Although the exact etiology of the disease remains obscure, it is clear that alterations in the metabolome contribute to this process. As such, defining a reliable and disease-specific metabolome has tremendous potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for MS. Here, we provide an overview of studies aimed at identifying the role of metabolomics in MS. These offer new insights into disease pathophysiology and the contributions of metabolic pathways to this process, identify unique markers indicative of treatment responses, and demonstrate the therapeutic effects of drug-like metabolites in cellular and animal models of MS. By and large, the commonly perturbed pathways in MS and its preclinical model include lipid metabolism involving alpha-linoleic acid pathway, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, d-ornithine and d-arginine pathways with collective role in signaling and energy supply. The metabolomics studies suggest that metabolic profiling of MS patient samples may uncover biomarkers that will advance our understanding of disease pathogenesis and progression, reduce delays and mistakes in diagnosis, monitor the course of disease, and detect better drug targets, all of which will improve early therapeutic interventions and improve evaluation of response to these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insha Zahoor
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Education & Research Building, Room 4023, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Bin Rui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Junaid Khan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Education & Research Building, Room 4051, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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26
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Karthiya R, Wasil SM, Khandelia P. Emerging role of N4-acetylcytidine modification of RNA in gene regulation and cellular functions. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9189-9199. [PMID: 33174082 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional chemical modification of RNA is rapidly emerging as a key player in regulating gene expression and has propelled the development of 'epitranscriptomics' or 'RNA epigenetics' as a frontier area of research. Several RNA modifications are known to decorate RNAs and impact its structure and function. One such recently discovered modification is acetylation of RNA i.e. N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) chemical modification. N4-acetylcytidine is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved modification, which maps to a wide spectrum of RNAs from archaea bacteria to humans. This modification results in a variety of functional outcomes which impact normal development and disease. In this review, we summarize the recent progress, emerging methods, biological implications and the future challenges for ac4C modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karthiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - S Mohammed Wasil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Piyush Khandelia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
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O’Brien J, Wendell SG. Electrophile Modulation of Inflammation: A Two-Hit Approach. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110453. [PMID: 33182676 PMCID: PMC7696920 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic small molecules have gained significant attention over the last decade in the field of covalent drug discovery. Long recognized as mediators of the inflammatory process, recent evidence suggests that electrophiles may modulate the immune response through the regulation of metabolic networks. These molecules function as pleiotropic signaling mediators capable of reversibly reacting with nucleophilic biomolecules, most notably at reactive cysteines. More specifically, electrophiles target critical cysteines in redox regulatory proteins to activate protective pathways such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1) antioxidant signaling pathway while also inhibiting Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB). During inflammatory states, reactive species broadly alter cell signaling through the oxidation of lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids, effectively propagating the inflammatory sequence. Subsequent changes in metabolic signaling inform immune cell maturation and effector function. Therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory pathologies leverage electrophilic drug compounds, in part, because of their documented effect on the redox balance of the cell. With mounting evidence demonstrating the link between redox signaling and metabolism, electrophiles represent ideal therapeutic candidates for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Through their pleiotropic signaling activity, electrophiles may be used strategically to both directly and indirectly target immune cell metabolism.
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Dello Russo C, Scott KA, Pirmohamed M. Dimethyl fumarate induced lymphopenia in multiple sclerosis: A review of the literature. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107710. [PMID: 33091427 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a first line medication for multiple sclerosis. It has a favourable safety profile, however, there is concern regarding the occurrence of moderate-severe and sustained lymphopenia and the associated risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. We carried out an extensive literature review to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this adverse reaction. Dynamic changes in certain components of the immune system are likely to be important for the therapeutic effects of DMF, including depletion of memory T cells and decrease in activated T cells together with expansion of naïve T cells. Similar modifications were reported for the B cell components. CD8+ T cells are particularly susceptible to DMF-induced cell death, with marked reductions observed in lymphopenic subjects. The reasons underlying such increased sensitivity are not known, nor it is known how expansion of other lymphocyte subsets occurs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying DMF action is challenging: in vivo DMF is rapidly metabolized to monomethyl fumarate (MMF), a less potent immunomodulator in vitro. Pharmacokinetics indicate that MMF is the main active species in vivo. However, the relative importance of DMF and MMF in toxicity remains unclear, with evidence presented in favour of either of the compounds as toxic species. Pharmacogenetic studies to identify genetic predictors of DMF-induced lymphopenia are limited, with inconclusive results. A role of the gut microbiome in the pharmacological effects of DMF is emerging. It is clear that further investigations are necessary to understand the mechanisms of DMF-induced lymphopenia and devise preventive strategies. Periodic monitoring of absolute lymphocyte counts, currently performed in clinical practise, allows for the early detection of lymphopenia as a risk-minimization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Dello Russo
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Dept. of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Kathryn Anne Scott
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Kourakis S, Timpani CA, de Haan JB, Gueven N, Fischer D, Rybalka E. Dimethyl Fumarate and Its Esters: A Drug with Broad Clinical Utility? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100306. [PMID: 33066228 PMCID: PMC7602023 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) are small molecules with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is the best characterised FAE and is approved and registered for the treatment of psoriasis and Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Psoriasis and RRMS share an immune-mediated aetiology, driven by severe inflammation and oxidative stress. DMF, as well as monomethyl fumarate and diroximel fumarate, are commonly prescribed first-line agents with favourable safety and efficacy profiles. The potential benefits of FAEs against other diseases that appear pathogenically different but share the pathologies of oxidative stress and inflammation are currently investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kourakis
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
| | - Cara A. Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Judy B. de Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Basic Science Domain, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Developmental- and Neuropediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-383-958-226
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Liang G, Chai J, Ng HS, Tremlett H. Safety of dimethyl fumarate for multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 46:102566. [PMID: 33296968 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety profile of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) for multiple sclerosis (MS) is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the literature for adverse events (AE) associated with DMF for MS. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and clinicaltrials.gov for articles published from database inception to May/2019. Studies (observational and randomized controlled trials (RCTs)) reporting AEs, serious AEs (SAE), or discontinuation due to AEs were included. We summarized the proportion of DMF-exposed patients affected and calculated the risk ratios (RR) and number needed to treat for an additional harmful outcome (NNTH) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the DMF relative to placebo-exposed participants. RCT findings were pooled via meta-analyses. RESULTS Twenty-one observational studies, 4 RCTs, 1 RCT extension study, and 2 open-label studies were included, totalling 12,380 MS patients on DMF followed for an average of 19.8 months. Compared to placebo, DMF-exposed patients had a higher risk of grade III/IV lymphopenia (NNTH = 28.8;95%CI:20.2-50.5), pruritus (NNTH = 22.1;95%CI:14.0-52.3), flushing (NNTH = 3.7;95%CI:3.3-4.1), gastrointestinal related events (NNTH = 5.7;95%CI:3.5-15.7), nausea (NNTH = 23.4;95%CI:14.9-54.7), diarrhea (NNTH = 21.2;95%CI:13.6-47.6), and abdominal pain (NNTH = 19.2;95%CI:12.9-37.9). Patients discontinued DMF because of GI symptoms (498/5619;8.9%), lymphopenia (163/4003;4.1%), and flushing (173/4779;3.6%). From pooled analyses of 4 RCTs, AE risks were higher in the DMF versus placebo groups (RR = 1.37;95%CI:1.27-1.48), but SAEs were similar (RR = 1.01;95%CI:0.77-1.33). CONCLUSION Over the short-term, DMF was associated with a higher risk of AEs. The NNTH included 4 for flushing, 6 for gastrointestinal complaints, and 29 for severe or life-threatening (grade III/IV) lymphopenia. The longer-term safety of DMF, including consequences of lymphopenia remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Liang
- Faculty of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia and The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Julia Chai
- Faculty of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia and The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Huah Shin Ng
- Faculty of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia and The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Helen Tremlett
- Faculty of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia and The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Targeting immunometabolism as an anti-inflammatory strategy. Cell Res 2020; 30:300-314. [PMID: 32132672 PMCID: PMC7118080 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing field of immunometabolism has taught us how metabolic cellular reactions and processes not only provide a means to generate ATP and biosynthetic precursors, but are also a way of controlling immunity and inflammation. Metabolic reprogramming of immune cells is essential for both inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory responses. Four anti-inflammatory therapies, DMF, Metformin, Methotrexate and Rapamycin all work by affecting metabolism and/or regulating or mimicking endogenous metabolites with anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence is emerging for the targeting of specific metabolic events as a strategy to limit inflammation in different contexts. Here we discuss these recent developments and speculate on the prospect of targeting immunometabolism in the effort to develop novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics. As accumulating evidence for roles of an intricate and elaborate network of metabolic processes, including lipid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism provides key focal points for developing new therapies, we here turn our attention to glycolysis and the TCA cycle to provide examples of how metabolic intermediates and enzymes can provide potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Jin G, Xu M, Zou M, Duan S. The Processing, Gene Regulation, Biological Functions, and Clinical Relevance of N4-Acetylcytidine on RNA: A Systematic Review. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:13-24. [PMID: 32171170 PMCID: PMC7068197 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is often considered to be a conservative, chemically modified nucleoside present on tRNA and rRNA. Recent studies have shown extensive ac4C modifications in human and yeast mRNAs. ac4C helps to correctly read codons during translation and improves translation efficiency and the stability of mRNA. At present, the research of ac4C involves a variety of detection methods. The formation of ac4C is closely related to N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) and its helpers, such as putative tRNA acetyltransferase (TAN1) for tRNA ac4C and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) for rRNA ac4C. Also, ac4C is associated with the development, progression, and prognosis of a variety of human diseases. Here, we summarize the history of ac4C research and the detection technologies of ac4C. We then summarized the role and mechanism of ac4C in gene-expression regulation and demonstrated the relevance of ac4C to a variety of human diseases, especially cancer. Finally, we list the future challenges of the ac4C research and demonstrate a research strategy for the interactions among several abundant modified nucleosides on mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehui Jin
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Mingqing Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mengsha Zou
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with changes in the metabolome. Numerous studies employing varying metabolomics platforms have examined a range of biological material ranging from brain tissue to urine and demonstrated consistently alterations in multiple metabolic pathways in MS. We review not only the studies that describe the ability of metabolomics to differentiate MS patients from healthy controls and other neurological disease but also discuss the potential of metabolomics-based methods to build predictive models that are able to stage disease, monitor progression, and select the most appropriate therapy. The increasing number of impressive claims for the capacity of metabolomics to distinguish between different types of demyelinating disease suggests that the provision of such tests may be close at hand. Besides the ability to provide potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, metabolomics also provides us with unique insights into the pathophysiology of the disease and helps identify metabolic pathways that may be potential therapeutic targets. Future studies will integrate metabolomics data with other omics techniques to provide further insight into the source of these metabolic abnormalities and help with identification of the most promising targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Biochemical Differences in Cerebrospinal Fluid between Secondary Progressive and Relapsing⁻Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020084. [PMID: 30678351 PMCID: PMC6406712 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the pathophysiological differences between secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and to identify potential biomarkers of disease progression, we applied high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to investigate the metabolome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The biochemical differences were determined using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and connected to biochemical pathways as well as associated to clinical and radiological measures. Tryptophan metabolism was significantly altered, with perturbed levels of kynurenate, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetate, and N-acetylserotonin in SPMS patients compared with RRMS and controls. SPMS patients had altered kynurenine compared with RRMS patients, and altered indole-3-acetate compared with controls. Regarding the pyrimidine metabolism, SPMS patients had altered levels of uridine and deoxyuridine compared with RRMS and controls, and altered thymine and glutamine compared with RRMS patients. Metabolites from the pyrimidine metabolism were significantly associated with disability, disease activity and brain atrophy, making them of particular interest for understanding the disease mechanisms and as markers of disease progression. Overall, these findings are of importance for the characterization of the molecular pathogenesis of SPMS and support the hypothesis that the CSF metabolome may be used to explore changes that occur in the transition between the RRMS and SPMS pathologies.
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