1
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Hua Y, Qin Z, Gao L, Zhou M, Xue Y, Li Y, Xie J. Protein nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for cancer theranostics. J Control Release 2024; 371:429-444. [PMID: 38849096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based nanoparticles have garnered significant attention in theranostic applications due to their superior biocompatibility, exceptional biodegradability and ease of functionality. Compared to other nanocarriers, protein-based nanoparticles offer additional advantages, including biofunctionality and precise molecular recognition abilities, which make them highly effective in navigating complex biological environments. Moreover, proteins can serve as powerful tools with self-assembling structures and reagents that enhance cell penetration. And their derivation from abundant renewable sources and ability to degrade into harmless amino acids further enhance their suitability for biomedical applications. However, protein-based nanoparticles have so far not realized their full potential. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the use of protein nanoparticles in tumor diagnosis and treatment and outline typical methods for preparing protein nanoparticles. The review of protein nanoparticles may provide useful new insights into the development of biomaterial fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hua
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zibo Qin
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education; Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education; Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education; Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yonger Xue
- Center for BioDelivery Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Jinbing Xie
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education; Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
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2
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Richards BA, Goncalves AG, Sullivan MO, Chen W. Engineering protein nanoparticles for drug delivery. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 86:103070. [PMID: 38354452 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Protein nanoparticles offer a highly tunable platform for engineering multifunctional drug delivery vehicles that can improve drug efficacy and reduce off-target effects. While many protein nanoparticles have demonstrated the ability to tolerate genetic and posttranslational modifications for drug delivery applications, this review will focus on three protein nanoparticles of increasing size. Each protein nanoparticle possesses distinct properties such as highly tunable stability, capacity for splitting or fusing subunits for modular surface decoration, and well-characterized conformational changes with impressive capacity for large protein cargos. While many of the genetic and posttranslational modifications leverage these protein nanoparticle's properties, the shared techniques highlight engineering approaches that have been generalized across many protein nanoparticle platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake A Richards
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Antonio G Goncalves
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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3
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Sullivan MO, Chen W. Engineering E2 Bionanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Chemotherapeutics to Breast Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2720:177-189. [PMID: 37775666 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3469-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring protein nanocages are promising drug carriers as both the interior and exterior can be decorated for drug encapsulation and cell targeting. To provide surface functionalization, we added a SpyTag to E2 nanocages (ST-E2) to enable tunable decoration using the robust SpyCatcher bioconjugation strategy. Additionally, the E2 core was mutated with four phenylalanine substitutions for doxorubicin loading and pH-responsive release. By decorating the exterior with a highly cell-specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting protein conjugate, 4GE11-mCherry-SpyCatcher, we demonstrated targeted cell death in inflammatory breast cancer cells compared to healthy breast epithelial cells at concentrations below the IC50 of free doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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4
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Ramirez A, Felgner J, Jain A, Jan S, Albin TJ, Badten AJ, Gregory AE, Nakajima R, Jasinskas A, Felgner PL, Burkhardt AM, Davies DH, Wang SW. Engineering Protein Nanoparticles Functionalized with an Immunodominant Coxiella burnetii Antigen to Generate a Q Fever Vaccine. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1653-1666. [PMID: 37682243 PMCID: PMC10515490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever, for which there is yet to be an FDA-approved vaccine. This bacterial pathogen has both extra- and intracellular stages in its life cycle, and therefore both a cell-mediated (i.e., T lymphocyte) and humoral (i.e., antibody) immune response are necessary for effective eradication of this pathogen. However, most proposed vaccines elicit strong responses to only one mechanism of adaptive immunity, and some can either cause reactogenicity or lack sufficient immunogenicity. In this work, we aim to apply a nanoparticle-based platform toward producing both antibody and T cell immune responses against C. burnetii. We investigated three approaches for conjugation of the immunodominant outer membrane protein antigen (CBU1910) to the E2 nanoparticle to obtain a consistent antigen orientation: direct genetic fusion, high affinity tris-NTA-Ni conjugation to polyhistidine-tagged CBU1910, and the SpyTag/SpyCatcher (ST/SC) system. Overall, we found that the ST/SC approach yielded nanoparticles loaded with the highest number of antigens while maintaining stability, enabling formulations that could simultaneously co-deliver the protein antigen (CBU1910) and adjuvant (CpG1826) on one nanoparticle (CBU1910-CpG-E2). Using protein microarray analyses, we found that after immunization, antigen-bound nanoparticle formulations elicited significantly higher antigen-specific IgG responses than soluble CBU1910 alone and produced more balanced IgG1/IgG2c ratios. Although T cell recall assays from these protein antigen formulations did not show significant increases in antigen-specific IFN-γ production compared to soluble CBU1910 alone, nanoparticles conjugated with a CD4 peptide epitope from CBU1910 generated elevated T cell responses in mice to both the CBU1910 peptide epitope and whole CBU1910 protein. These investigations highlight the feasibility of conjugating antigens to nanoparticles for tuning and improving both humoral- and cell-mediated adaptive immunity against C. burnetii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Ramirez
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jiin Felgner
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sharon Jan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Tyler J. Albin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alexander J. Badten
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Anthony E. Gregory
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Algimantas Jasinskas
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Philip L. Felgner
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Amanda M. Burkhardt
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - D. Huw Davies
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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5
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João J, Prazeres DMF. Manufacturing of non-viral protein nanocages for biotechnological and biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1200729. [PMID: 37520292 PMCID: PMC10374429 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1200729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein nanocages are highly ordered nanometer scale architectures, which are typically formed by homo- or hetero-self-assembly of multiple monomers into symmetric structures of different size and shape. The intrinsic characteristics of protein nanocages make them very attractive and promising as a biological nanomaterial. These include, among others, a high surface/volume ratio, multi-functionality, ease to modify or manipulate genetically or chemically, high stability, mono-dispersity, and biocompatibility. Since the beginning of the investigation into protein nanocages, several applications were conceived in a variety of areas such as drug delivery, vaccine development, bioimaging, biomineralization, nanomaterial synthesis and biocatalysis. The ability to generate large amounts of pure and well-folded protein assemblies is one of the keys to transform nanocages into clinically valuable products and move biomedical applications forward. This calls for the development of more efficient biomanufacturing processes and for the setting up of analytical techniques adequate for the quality control and characterization of the biological function and structure of nanocages. This review concisely covers and overviews the progress made since the emergence of protein nanocages as a new, next-generation class of biologics. A brief outline of non-viral protein nanocages is followed by a presentation of their main applications in the areas of bioengineering, biotechnology, and biomedicine. Afterwards, we focus on a description of the current processes used in the manufacturing of protein nanocages with particular emphasis on the most relevant aspects of production and purification. The state-of-the-art on current characterization techniques is then described and future alternative or complementary approaches in development are also discussed. Finally, a critical analysis of the limitations and drawbacks of the current manufacturing strategies is presented, alongside with the identification of the major challenges and bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge João
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte Miguel F. Prazeres
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Zhu G, Azharuddin M, Pramanik B, Roberg K, Biswas SK, D’arcy P, Lu M, Kaur A, Chen A, Dhara AK, Chivu A, Zhuang Y, Baker A, Liu X, Fairen-Jimenez D, Mazumder B, Chen R, Kaminski CF, Kaminski Schierle GS, Hinkula J, Slater NKH, Patra HK. Feasibility of Coacervate-Like Nanostructure for Instant Drug Nanoformulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17485-17494. [PMID: 36976817 PMCID: PMC10103128 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the enormous advancements in nanomedicine research, a limited number of nanoformulations are available on the market, and few have been translated to clinics. An easily scalable, sustainable, and cost-effective manufacturing strategy and long-term stability for storage are crucial for successful translation. Here, we report a system and method to instantly formulate NF achieved with a nanoscale polyelectrolyte coacervate-like system, consisting of anionic pseudopeptide poly(l-lysine isophthalamide) derivatives, polyethylenimine, and doxorubicin (Dox) via simple "mix-and-go" addition of precursor solutions in seconds. The coacervate-like nanosystem shows enhanced intracellular delivery of Dox to patient-derived multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells in 3D tumor spheroids. The results demonstrate the feasibility of an instant drug formulation using a coacervate-like nanosystem. We envisage that this technique can be widely utilized in the nanomedicine field to bypass the special requirement of large-scale production and elongated shelf life of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyunjian
H. Zhu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Azharuddin
- Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linkoping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Bapan Pramanik
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the
Negev, Be’er
Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Karin Roberg
- Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linkoping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
- Department
of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping, Anaesthetics, Operations
and Specialty Surgery Center, Linköping
University Hospital, Region Östergötland, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Sujoy Kumar Biswas
- AIMP
Laboratories, C86 Baishnabghata,
Patuli Township, Kolkata 700094, India
| | - Padraig D’arcy
- Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linkoping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Meng Lu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Apanpreet Kaur
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington
Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Ashis Kumar Dhara
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, National Institute
of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Alexandru Chivu
- Department
of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional
Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Yunhui Zhuang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrew Baker
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Xiewen Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Bismoy Mazumder
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington
Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | | | - Jorma Hinkula
- Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linkoping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Nigel K. H. Slater
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Hirak K. Patra
- Department
of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional
Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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7
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Mezghrani B, Ali LMA, Jakimoska S, Cunin F, Hesemann P, Durand JO, Bettache N. Periodic Mesoporous Ionosilica Nanoparticles for BODIPY Delivery and Photochemical Internalization of siRNA. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300021. [PMID: 36779542 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Periodic Mesoporous Ionosilica Nanoparticles (PMINPs) made via co-condensation reactions starting from an ionosilica precursor and a porphyrin derivative were used for simultaneous BODIPY/siRNA delivery in cancer cells. We observed high BODIPY loading capacities and efficiencies of the PMINPs that are triggered by anion exchange. siRNA adsorption took place on the surface of the nanoparticles, whereas BODIPY was encapsulated within the core of the nanoparticles. BODIPY release was found to be pH-dependent. Our results indicate 94 % BODIPY release after 16 h at pH 4, whereas only 2 % were released at pH 7.4. Furthermore, complexation with siRNA against luciferase gene was observed at the surface of PMINPs and gene silencing through its delivery via photochemical internalization (PCI) mechanism was efficient in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells expressing stable luciferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braham Mezghrani
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier-CNRS-ENSCM, 1919, route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier-CNRS-ENSCM, 1919, route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Lamiaa M A Ali
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier-CNRS-ENSCM, 1919, route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- Department of Biochemistry Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sara Jakimoska
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier-CNRS-ENSCM, 1919, route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Frédérique Cunin
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier-CNRS-ENSCM, 1919, route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Peter Hesemann
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier-CNRS-ENSCM, 1919, route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Olivier Durand
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier-CNRS-ENSCM, 1919, route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Nadir Bettache
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier-CNRS-ENSCM, 1919, route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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8
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Yamashita M, Kawakami N, Miyamoto K. Hydrophobization of a TIP60 Protein Nanocage for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic Compounds. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200392. [PMID: 36775805 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of hydrophobic molecules in protein-based nanocages is a promising approach for dispersing these molecules in water. Here, we report a chemical modification approach to produce a protein nanocage with a hydrophobic interior surface based on our previously developed nanocage, TIP60. The large pores of TIP60 act as tunnels for small molecules, allowing modification of the interior surface by hydrophobic compounds without nanocage disassembly. We used four different hydrophobic compounds for modification. The largest modification group tested, pyrene, resulted in a modified TIP60 that could encapsulate aromatic photosensitizer zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC) more efficiently than the other modification compounds. The encapsulated ZnPC generated singlet oxygen upon light activation in the aqueous phase, whereas ZnPC alone formed inert aggregates under the same experimental conditions. Given that chemical modification allows a wider diversity of modifications than mutagenesis, this approach could be used to develop more suitable nanocages for encapsulating hydrophobic molecules of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maika Yamashita
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223- 8522, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawakami
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223- 8522, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyamoto
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223- 8522, Japan
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9
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Butkovich N, Tucker JA, Ramirez A, Li E, Meli VS, Nelson EL, Wang SW. Nanoparticle vaccines can be designed to induce pDC support of mDCs for increased antigen display. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:596-610. [PMID: 36476811 PMCID: PMC10775882 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01132h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine immunotherapy facilitates the immune system's recognition of tumor-associated antigens, and the biomolecular design of these vaccines using nanoparticles is one important approach towards obtaining strong anti-tumor responses. Following activation of dendritic cells (DCs), a robust CD8+ T cell-mediated adaptive immune response is critical for tumor elimination. While the role of efficient antigen-presenting myeloid DCs (mDCs) is conventionally attributed towards vaccine efficacy, participation by highly cytokine-producing plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) is less understood and is often overlooked. We examined vaccines based on the E2 protein nanoparticle platform that delivered encapsulated TLR9 agonist bacterial-like DNA (CpG1826 or CpG1018) or TLR7 agonist viral ssRNA to determine their efficacy over free agonists in activating both mDCs and pDCs for antigen presentation. Although mDCs were only activated by nanoparticle-encapsulated TLR9 agonists, pDCs were activated by all the individually tested constructs, and CpG1826 was shown to induce pDC cytokine production. Transfer of secreted factors from pDCs that were stimulated with a vaccine formulation comprising peptide antigen and CpG1826 enhanced mDC display of the antigen, particularly when delivered in nanoparticles. Only when treated with nanoparticle-conjugated vaccine could pDCs secrete factors to induce antigen display on naïve mDCs. These results reveal that pDCs can aid mDCs, highlighting the importance of activating both pDCs and mDCs in designing effective cancer vaccines, and demonstrate the advantage of using nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Butkovich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jo Anne Tucker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Aaron Ramirez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Enya Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Vijaykumar S Meli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Edward L Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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10
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Heide F, Stetefeld J. A Structural Analysis of Proteinaceous Nanotube Cavities and Their Applications in Nanotechnology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4080. [PMID: 36432365 PMCID: PMC9698212 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein nanotubes offer unique properties to the materials science field that allow them to fulfill various functions in drug delivery, biosensors and energy storage. Protein nanotubes are chemically diverse, modular, biodegradable and nontoxic. Furthermore, although the initial design or repurposing of such nanotubes is highly complex, the field has matured to understand underlying chemical and physical properties to a point where applications are successfully being developed. An important feature of a nanotube is its ability to bind ligands via its internal cavities. As ligands of interest vary in size, shape and chemical properties, cavities have to be able to accommodate very specific features. As such, understanding cavities on a structural level is essential for their effective application. The objective of this review is to present the chemical and physical diversity of protein nanotube cavities and highlight their potential applications in materials science, specifically in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Heide
- Correspondence: (F.H.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-(204)-332-0853 (F.H.); +1-(204)-474-9731 (J.S.)
| | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Correspondence: (F.H.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-(204)-332-0853 (F.H.); +1-(204)-474-9731 (J.S.)
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11
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Ma XY, Hill BD, Hoang T, Wen F. Virus-inspired strategies for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1143-1157. [PMID: 34182141 PMCID: PMC8710185 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The intentional use of viruses for cancer therapy dates back over a century. As viruses are inherently immunogenic and naturally optimized delivery vehicles, repurposing viruses for drug delivery, tumor antigen presentation, or selective replication in cancer cells represents a simple and elegant approach to cancer treatment. While early virotherapy was fraught with harsh side effects and low response rates, virus-based therapies have recently seen a resurgence due to newfound abilities to engineer and tune oncolytic viruses, virus-like particles, and virus-mimicking nanoparticles for improved safety and efficacy. However, despite their great potential, very few virus-based therapies have made it through clinical trials. In this review, we present an overview of virus-inspired approaches for cancer therapy, discuss engineering strategies to enhance their mechanisms of action, and highlight their application for overcoming the challenges of traditional cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yin Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Brett D Hill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Trang Hoang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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12
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Lieser RM, Hartzell EJ, Yur D, Sullivan MO, Chen W. EGFR Ligand Clustering on E2 Bionanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Chemotherapeutics to Breast Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:452-462. [PMID: 35167278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring protein nanocages are promising drug carriers because of their uniform size and biocompatibility. Engineering efforts have enhanced the delivery properties of nanocages, but cell specificity and high drug loading remain major challenges. Herein, we fused the SpyTag peptide to the surface of engineered E2 nanocages to enable tunable nanocage decoration and effective E2 cell targeting using a variety of SpyCatcher (SC) fusion proteins. Additionally, the core of the E2 nanocage incorporated four phenylalanine mutations previously shown to allow hydrophobic loading of doxorubicin and pH-responsive release in acidic environments. We functionalized the surface of the nanocage with a highly cell-specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting protein conjugate, 4GE11-mCherry-SC, developed previously in our laboratories by employing unnatural amino acid (UAA) protein engineering chemistries. Herein, we demonstrated the benefits of this engineered protein nanocage construct for efficient drug loading, with a straightforward method for removal of the unloaded drug through elastin-like polypeptide-mediated inverse transition cycling. Additionally, we demonstrated approximately 3-fold higher doxorubicin internalization in inflammatory breast cancer cells compared to healthy breast epithelial cells, leading to targeted cell death at concentrations below the IC50 of free doxorubicin. Collectively, these results demonstrated the versatility of our UAA-based EGFR-targeting protein construct to deliver a variety of cargoes efficiently, including engineered E2 nanocages capable of site-specific functionalization and doxorubicin loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Lieser
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Emily J Hartzell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Daniel Yur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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13
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Antimicrobial Potential of the Genera Geobacillus and Parageobacillus, as Well as Endolysins Biosynthesized by Their Bacteriophages. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020242. [PMID: 35203843 PMCID: PMC8868475 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent decades, antibiotic resistance has emerged and spread rapidly among clinically relevant pathogens. The natural ability of bacteria to transmit resistance determinants through horizontal gene transfer poses constant challenges to drug development. Natural molecules produced by soil microorganisms continue to be a key source of new antimicrobial agents. In this context, bacteria from the Geobacillus and Parageobacillus genera deserve special attention. Although there is commercial and industrial interest in these microorganisms, the full range of antibacterial compounds biosynthesized by the Geobacillus and Parageobacillus species remains largely unexplored. The aim of this review is to present the strong antimicrobial potential of these bacteria and endolysins produced by their bacteriophages.
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14
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Lieser RM, Li Q, Chen W, Sullivan MO. Incorporation of Endosomolytic Peptides with Varying Disruption Mechanisms into EGFR-Targeted Protein Conjugates: The Effect on Intracellular Protein Delivery and EGFR Specificity in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:661-673. [PMID: 35040326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of protein therapeutics remains a significant challenge limiting the majority of clinically available protein drugs to extracellular targets. Strategies to deliver proteins to subcellular compartments have traditionally relied on cell-penetrating peptides, which can drive enhanced internalization but exhibit unreliable activity and are rarely able to target specific cells, leading to off-target effects. Moreover, few design rules exist regarding the relative efficacy of various endosomal escape strategies in proteins. Accordingly, we developed a simple fusion modification approach to incorporate endosomolytic peptides onto epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted protein conjugates and performed a systematic comparison of the endosomal escape efficacy, mechanism of action, and capacity to maintain EGFR-targeting specificity of conjugates modified with four different endosomolytic sequences of varying modes of action (Aurein 1.2, GALA, HA2, and L17E). Use of the recently developed Gal8-YFP assay indicated that the fusion of each endosomolytic peptide led to enhanced endosomal disruption. Additionally, the incorporation of each endosomolytic peptide increased the half-life of the internalized protein and lowered lysosomal colocalization, further supporting the membrane-disruptive capacity. Despite this, only EGFR-targeted conjugates modified with Aurein 1.2 or GALA maintained EGFR specificity. These results thus demonstrated that the choice of endosomal escape moiety can substantially affect targeting capability, cytotoxicity, and bioactivity and provided important new insights into endosomolytic peptide selection for the design of targeted protein delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Lieser
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Qirun Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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15
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Souri M, Soltani M, Moradi Kashkooli F, Kiani Shahvandi M, Chiani M, Shariati FS, Mehrabi MR, Munn LL. Towards principled design of cancer nanomedicine to accelerate clinical translation. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100208. [PMID: 35198957 PMCID: PMC8841842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology in medical applications, especially in oncology as drug delivery systems, has recently shown promising results. However, although these advances have been promising in the pre-clinical stages, the clinical translation of this technology is challenging. To create drug delivery systems with increased treatment efficacy for clinical translation, the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles such as size, shape, elasticity (flexibility/rigidity), surface chemistry, and surface charge can be specified to optimize efficiency for a given application. Consequently, interdisciplinary researchers have focused on producing biocompatible materials, production technologies, or new formulations for efficient loading, and high stability. The effects of design parameters can be studied in vitro, in vivo, or using computational models, with the goal of understanding how they affect nanoparticle biophysics and their interactions with cells. The present review summarizes the advances and technologies in the production and design of cancer nanomedicines to achieve clinical translation and commercialization. We also highlight existing challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Key Words
- CFL, Cell-free layer
- CGMD, Coarse-grained molecular dynamic
- Clinical translation
- DPD, Dissipative particle dynamic
- Drug delivery
- Drug loading
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- EPR, Permeability and retention
- IFP, Interstitial fluid pressure
- MD, Molecular dynamic
- MDR, Multidrug resistance
- MEC, Minimum effective concentration
- MMPs, Matrix metalloproteinases
- MPS, Mononuclear phagocyte system
- MTA, Multi-tadpole assemblies
- MTC, Minimum toxic concentration
- Nanomedicine
- Nanoparticle design
- RBC, Red blood cell
- TAF, Tumor-associated fibroblast
- TAM, Tumor-associated macrophage
- TIMPs, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- TME, Tumor microenvironment
- Tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Souri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Computational Medicine Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohsen Chiani
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Lance L. Munn
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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16
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The development of natural and designed protein nanocages for encapsulation and delivery of active compounds. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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18
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19
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Neek M, Tucker JA, Butkovich N, Nelson EL, Wang SW. An Antigen-Delivery Protein Nanoparticle Combined with Anti-PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitor Has Curative Efficacy in an Aggressive Melanoma Model. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:2000122. [PMID: 34141865 PMCID: PMC8205422 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition is a promising alternative treatment to standard chemotherapies; however, it fails to achieve long-term remission in a significant portion of patients. A previously developed protein nanoparticle-based platform (E2 nanoparticle) delivers cancer antigens to increase antigen-specific tumor responses. While prior work has focussed on prophylactic conditions, the objectives in this study are therapeutic. It is hypothesized that immune checkpoint inhibition, when augmented by antigen delivery using E2 nanoparticles containing CpG oligonucleotide 1826 (CpG) and a glycoprotein 100 (gp100) melanoma antigen epitope (CpG-gp-E2), would synergistically elicit antitumor responses. To identify a regimen primed for obtaining effective treatment results, immune benchmarks in the spleen and tumor are examined. Conditions that lead to significant immune activation, including increases in gp100-specific interferon gamma (IFN-𝜸), CD8 T cells in the spleen, tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells, and survival time are identified. Based on the findings, the resulting combination of CpG-gp-E2 and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) treatment in tumor-challenged mice yield significantly increased long-term survival; more than 50% of the mice treated with combination therapy were tumor-free, compared with 0% and ≈5% for CpG-gp-E2 and anti-PD-1 alone, respectively. Evidence of a durable antitumor response is also observed upon tumor rechallenge, pointing to long-lasting immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medea Neek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jo Anne Tucker
- Department of Medicine University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nina Butkovich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Edward L Nelson
- Department of Medicine University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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20
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Liu Y, Yang G, Jin S, Xu L, Zhao CX. Development of High-Drug-Loading Nanoparticles. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2143-2157. [PMID: 32864902 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Formulating drugs into nanoparticles offers many attractive advantages over free drugs including improved bioavailability, minimized toxic side effects, enhanced drug delivery, feasibility of incorporating other functions such as controlled release, imaging agents for imaging, targeting delivery, and loading more than one drug for combination therapies. One of the key parameters is drug loading, which is defined as the mass ratio of drug to drug-loaded nanoparticles. Currently, most nanoparticle systems have relatively low drug loading (<10 wt%), and developing methods to increase drug loading remains a challenge. This Minireview presents an overview of recent research on developing nanoparticles with high drug loading (>10 wt%) from the perspective of synthesis strategies, including post-loading, co-loading, and pre-loading. Based on these three different strategies, various nanoparticle systems with different materials and drugs are summarized and discussed in terms of their synthesis methods, drug loadings, encapsulation efficiencies, release profiles, stabilities, and their applications in drug delivery. The advantages and disadvantages of these strategies are presented with an objective of providing useful design rules for future development of high-drug-loading nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Guangze Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Song Jin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Letao Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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21
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Demchuk AM, Patel TR. The biomedical and bioengineering potential of protein nanocompartments. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107547. [PMID: 32294494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein nanocompartments (PNCs) are self-assembling biological nanocages that can be harnessed as platforms for a wide range of nanobiotechnology applications. The most widely studied examples of PNCs include virus-like particles, bacterial microcompartments, encapsulin nanocompartments, enzyme-derived nanocages (such as lumazine synthase and the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), ferritins and ferritin homologues, small heat shock proteins, and vault ribonucleoproteins. Structural PNC shell proteins are stable, biocompatible, and tolerant of both interior and exterior chemical or genetic functionalization for use as vaccines, therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical imaging aids, bioreactors, biological control agents, emulsion stabilizers, or scaffolds for biomimetic materials synthesis. This review provides an overview of the recent biomedical and bioengineering advances achieved with PNCs with a particular focus on recombinant PNC derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M Demchuk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Center for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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22
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Li A, Zhao J, Fu J, Cai J, Zhang P. Recent advances of biomimetic nano-systems in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 16:161-174. [PMID: 33995611 PMCID: PMC8105416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective methods of diagnosis and treatment presents a major barrier to combat against tumor. The biomimetic concept is an emerging field that expresses great application potential in tumor fighting. Strategy for combining nano-systems with biomimetic technology has gained increasing attention that is proved bioinspired, environmentally benign, and promising. Herein, we provide an up-to-date review of biomimetic nano-systems as well as their applications in tumor therapy. In addition, the challenges and future directions of biomimetic nano-systems to achieve clinical translation are also pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anning Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingru Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jia Cai
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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23
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Shi X, Tian F. Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Nano‐Carriers Delivery through Biological Barriers—A Review. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchy FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences NO.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Falin Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchy FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences NO.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
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24
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25
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Que RA, Arulmoli J, Da Silva NA, Flanagan LA, Wang SW. Recombinant collagen scaffolds as substrates for human neural stem/progenitor cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1363-1372. [PMID: 29341434 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion to the microenvironment profoundly affects stem cell functions, including proliferation and differentiation, and understanding the interaction of stem cells with the microenvironment is important for controlling their behavior. In this study, we investigated the effects of the integrin binding epitopes GFOGER and IKVAV (natively present in collagen I and laminin, respectively) on human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSPCs). To test the specificity of these epitopes, GFOGER or IKVAV were placed within the context of recombinant triple-helical collagen III engineered to be devoid of native integrin binding sites. HNSPCs adhered to collagen that presented GFOGER as the sole integrin-binding site, but not to IKVAV-containing collagen. For the GFOGER-containing collagens, antibodies against the β1 integrin subunit prevented cellular adhesion, antibodies against the α1 subunit reduced cell adhesion, and antibodies against α2 or α3 subunits had no significant effect. These results indicate that hNSPCs primarily interact with GFOGER through the α1β1 integrin heterodimer. These GFOGER-presenting collagen variants also supported differentiation of hNSPCs into neurons and astrocytes. Our findings show, for the first time, that hNSPCs can bind to the GFOGER sequence, and they provide motivation to develop hydrogels formed from recombinant collagen variants as a cell delivery scaffold. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1363-1372, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Que
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Janahan Arulmoli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697.,Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Nancy A Da Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Lisa A Flanagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697.,Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
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26
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Neek M, Tucker JA, Kim TI, Molino NM, Nelson EL, Wang SW. Co-delivery of human cancer-testis antigens with adjuvant in protein nanoparticles induces higher cell-mediated immune responses. Biomaterials 2017; 156:194-203. [PMID: 29202325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have attracted considerable interest as cancer vaccine delivery vehicles for inducing sufficient CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses to overcome the low immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment. Our studies described here are the first to examine the effects of clinically-tested human cancer-testis (CT) peptide epitopes within a synthetic nanoparticle. Specifically, we focused on two significant clinical CT targets, the HLA-A2 restricted epitopes of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A3, using a viral-mimetic packaging strategy. Our data shows that simultaneous delivery of a NY-ESO-1 epitope (SLLMWITQV) and CpG using the E2 subunit assembly of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E2 nanoparticle), resulted in a 25-fold increase in specific IFN-γ secretion in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. This translated to a 15-fold increase in lytic activity toward target cancer cells expressing the antigen. Immunization with a MAGE-A3 epitope (FLWGPRALV) delivered with CpG in E2 nanoparticles yielded an increase in specific IFN-γ secretion and cell lysis by 6-fold and 9-fold, respectively. Furthermore, combined delivery of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A3 antigens in E2 nanoparticles yielded an additive effect that increased lytic activity towards cells bearing NY-ESO-1+ and MAGE-A3+. Our investigations demonstrate that formulation of CT antigens within a nanoparticle can significantly enhance antigen-specific cell-mediated responses, and the combination of the two antigens in a vaccine can preserve the increased individual responses that are observed for each antigen alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medea Neek
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jo Anne Tucker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nicholas M Molino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Edward L Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Drug molecules transformed into nanoparticles or endowed with nanostructures with or without the aid of carrier materials are referred to as "nanomedicines" and can overcome some inherent drawbacks of free drugs, such as poor water solubility, high drug dosage, and short drug half-life in vivo. However, most of the existing nanomedicines possess the drawback of low drug-loading (generally less than 10%) associated with more carrier materials. For intravenous administration, the extensive use of carrier materials might cause systemic toxicity and impose an extra burden of degradation, metabolism, and excretion of the materials for patients. Therefore, on the premise of guaranteeing therapeutic effect and function, reducing or avoiding the use of carrier materials is a promising alternative approach to solve these problems. Recently, high drug-loading nanomedicines, which have a drug-loading content higher than 10%, are attracting increasing interest. According to the fabrication strategies of nanomedicines, high drug-loading nanomedicines are divided into four main classes: nanomedicines with inert porous material as carrier, nanomedicines with drug as part of carrier, carrier-free nanomedicines, and nanomedicines following niche and complex strategies. To date, most of the existing high drug-loading nanomedicines belong to the first class, and few research studies have focused on other classes. In this review, we investigate the research status of high drug-loading nanomedicines and discuss the features of their fabrication strategies and optimum proposal in detail. We also point out deficiencies and developing direction of high drug-loading nanomedicines. We envision that high drug-loading nanomedicines will occupy an important position in the field of drug-delivery systems, and hope that novel perspectives will be proposed for the development of high drug-loading nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youshen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daocheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Sarker M, Tomczak N, Lim S. Protein Nanocage as a pH-Switchable Pickering Emulsifier. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11193-11201. [PMID: 28290652 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of active compounds in Pickering emulsions using bioderived protein-based stabilizers holds potential for the development of novel formulations in the fields of foods and cosmetics. We employ a dodecahedron hollow protein nanocage as a pH-switchable Pickering emulsifier. E2 protein nanocages are derived from pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from Geobacillus stearothermophilus which adsorb at the oil/water interface at neutral and basic pH's and stabilize the Pickering emulsions, while in the acidic range, at pH ∼4, the emulsion separates into emulsion and serum phases due to flocculation. The observed process is reversible for at least five cycles. Optimal formulation of a Pickering emulsion composed of rosemary oil, an essential oil, and water has been achieved by ultrasonication and results in droplets of approximately 300 nm in diameter with an oil/water ratio of 0.11 (v/v) and 0.30-0.35% (wt %). Ionic stabilization is observed for concentrations up to 250 mM NaCl and pH values from 7 to 11. The emulsions are stable for at least 10 days when stored at different temperatures up to 50 °C. The resulting Pickering emulsions of different compositions also form a gel-like structure and show shear thinning behavior under shear stress at a higher oil/water ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Sarker
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Nikodem Tomczak
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
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Bhaskar S, Lim S. Engineering protein nanocages as carriers for biomedical applications. NPG ASIA MATERIALS 2017; 9:e371. [PMID: 32218880 PMCID: PMC7091667 DOI: 10.1038/am.2016.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein nanocages have been explored as potential carriers in biomedicine. Formed by the self-assembly of protein subunits, the caged structure has three surfaces that can be engineered: the interior, the exterior and the intersubunit. Therapeutic and diagnostic molecules have been loaded in the interior of nanocages, while their external surfaces have been engineered to enhance their biocompatibility and targeting abilities. Modifications of the intersubunit interactions have been shown to modulate the self-assembly profile with implications for tuning the molecular release. We review natural and synthetic protein nanocages that have been modified using chemical and genetic engineering techniques to impart non-natural functions that are responsive to the complex cellular microenvironment of malignant cells while delivering molecular cargos with improved efficiencies and minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyamoorthy Bhaskar
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Roy Chowdhury M, Schumann C, Bhakta-Guha D, Guha G. Cancer nanotheranostics: Strategies, promises and impediments. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:291-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Bioengineered protein-based nanocage for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:157-171. [PMID: 26994591 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nature, in its wonders, presents and assembles the most intricate and delicate protein structures and this remarkable phenomenon occurs in all kingdom and phyla of life. Of these proteins, cage-like multimeric proteins provide spatial control to biological processes and also compartmentalizes compounds that may be toxic or unstable and avoids their contact with the environment. Protein-based nanocages are of particular interest because of their potential applicability as drug delivery carriers and their perfect and complex symmetry and ideal physical properties, which have stimulated researchers to engineer, modify or mimic these qualities. This article reviews various existing types of protein-based nanocages that are used for therapeutic purposes, and outlines their drug-loading mechanisms and bioengineering strategies via genetic and chemical functionalization. Through a critical evaluation of recent advances in protein nanocage-based drug delivery in vitro and in vivo, an outlook for de novo and in silico nanocage design, and also protein-based nanocage preclinical and future clinical applications will be presented.
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Davaran S, Ghamkhari A, Alizadeh E, Massoumi B, Jaymand M. Novel dual stimuli-responsive ABC triblock copolymer: RAFT synthesis, "schizophrenic" micellization, and its performance as an anticancer drug delivery nanosystem. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 488:282-293. [PMID: 27837719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel pH- and thermo-responsive ABC triblock copolymer {poly[(2-succinyloxyethyl methacrylate)-b-(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-[(N-4-vinylbenzyl),N,N-diethylamine]]} [P(SEMA-b-NIPAAm-b-VEA)] was successfully synthesized via reversible addition of fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique. The molecular weights of PHEMA, PNIPAAm, and PVEA segments in the synthesized triblock copolymer were calculated to be 10,670, 6140, and 9060gmol-1, respectively, from proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The "schizophrenic" self-assembly behavior of the synthesized P(SEMA-b-NIPAAm-b-VEA) triblock copolymer under pH and thermal stimulus were investigated by means of 1H NMR and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies as well as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential (ξ) measurements. The doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX)-loading capacity, and stimuli-responsive drug release ability of the synthesized triblock copolymer were also investigated. The biocompatibility of the synthesized triblock copolymer was confirmed through the assessing survival rate of breast cancer cell line (MCF7) using MTT assay. In contrast, DOX-loaded triblock copolymer exhibited an efficient anticancer performance in comparison with free DOX verified by MTT and DAPI staining assays. As the results, we envision that the synthesized P(SEMA-b-NIPAAm-b-VEA) triblock copolymer can be applied as an enhanced anticancer drug delivery nanosystem, mainly due to its smart physicochemical and biocompatibility properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Davaran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51656-65811, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51664-14766, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliyeh Ghamkhari
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51548-53431, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bakhshali Massoumi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51656-65811, Tabriz, Iran.
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Paramelle D, Peng T, Free P, Fernig DG, Lim S, Tomczak N. Specific Internalisation of Gold Nanoparticles into Engineered Porous Protein Cages via Affinity Binding. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162848. [PMID: 27622533 PMCID: PMC5021291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous protein cages are supramolecular protein self-assemblies presenting pores that allow the access of surrounding molecules and ions into their core in order to store and transport them in biological environments. Protein cages’ pores are attractive channels for the internalisation of inorganic nanoparticles and an alternative for the preparation of hybrid bioinspired nanoparticles. However, strategies based on nanoparticle transport through the pores are largely unexplored, due to the difficulty of tailoring nanoparticles that have diameters commensurate with the pores size and simultaneously displaying specific affinity to the cages’ core and low non-specific binding to the cages’ outer surface. We evaluated the specific internalisation of single small gold nanoparticles, 3.9 nm in diameter, into porous protein cages via affinity binding. The E2 protein cage derived from the Geobacillus stearothermophilus presents 12 pores, 6 nm in diameter, and an empty core of 13 nm in diameter. We engineered the E2 protein by site-directed mutagenesis with oligohistidine sequences exposing them into the cage’s core. Dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy analysis show that the structures of E2 protein cages mutated with bis- or penta-histidine sequences are well conserved. The surface of the gold nanoparticles was passivated with a self-assembled monolayer made of a mixture of short peptidols and thiolated alkane ethylene glycol ligands. Such monolayers are found to provide thin coatings preventing non-specific binding to proteins. Further functionalisation of the peptide coated gold nanoparticles with Ni2+ nitrilotriacetic moieties enabled the specific binding to oligohistidine tagged cages. The internalisation via affinity binding was evaluated by electron microscopy analysis. From the various mutations tested, only the penta-histidine mutated E2 protein cage showed repeatable and stable internalisation. The present work overcomes the limitations of currently available approaches and provides a new route to design tailored and well-controlled hybrid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Paramelle
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (DP); (NT); (SL)
| | - Tao Peng
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Free
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David G. Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sierin Lim
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (DP); (NT); (SL)
| | - Nikodem Tomczak
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (DP); (NT); (SL)
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Alshammari A, Posner MG, Upadhyay A, Marken F, Bagby S, Ilie A. A Modular Bioplatform Based on a Versatile Supramolecular Multienzyme Complex Directly Attached to Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21077-21088. [PMID: 27447357 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing generic strategies for building adaptable or multifunctional bioplatforms is challenging, in particular because protein immobilization onto surfaces often causes loss of protein function and because multifunctionality usually necessitates specific combinations of heterogeneous elements. Here, we introduce a generic, modular bioplatform construction strategy that uses cage-like supramolecular multienzyme complexes as highly adaptable building blocks immobilized directly and noncovalently on graphene. Thermoplasma acidophilum dihydrolipoyl acyltransferase (E2) supramolecular complexes organize as a monolayer or can be controllably transferred onto graphene, preserving their supramolecular form with specific molecular recognition capability and capacity for engineering multifunctionality. This E2-graphene platform can bind enzymes (here, E1, E2's physiological partner) without loss of enzyme function; in this test case, E1 catalytic activity was detected on E2-graphene over 6 orders of magnitude in substrate concentration. The E2-graphene platform can be multiplexed via patterned cotransfer of differently modified E2 complexes. As the E2 complexes are robust and highly customizable, E2-graphene is a platform onto which multiple functionalities can be built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Alshammari
- Department of Physics, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ke LJ, Gao GZ, Shen Y, Zhou JW, Rao PF. Encapsulation of Aconitine in Self-Assembled Licorice Protein Nanoparticles Reduces the Toxicity In Vivo. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:449. [PMID: 26586149 PMCID: PMC4653129 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many herbal medicines and compositions are clinically effective but challenged by its safety risks, i.e., aconitine (AC) from aconite species. The combined use of Radix glycyrrhizae (licorice) with Radix aconite L. effectively eliminates toxicity of the later while increasing efficacy. In this study, a boiling-stable 31-kDa protein (namely GP) was purified from licorice and self-assembled into nanoparticles (206.2 ± 2.0 nm) at pH 5.0, 25 °C. The aconitine-encapsulated GP nanoparticles (238.2 ± 1.2 nm) were prepared following the same procedure and tested for its toxicity by intraperitoneal injection on ICR mouse (n = 8). Injection of GP-AC nanoparticles and the mixed licorice-aconite decoction, respectively, caused mild recoverable toxic effects and no death, while the aconitine, particle-free GP-AC mixture and aconite decoction induced sever toxic effects and 100 % death. Encapsulation of poisonous alkaloids into self-assembled herbal protein nanoparticles contributes to toxicity attenuation of combined use of herbs, implying a prototype nanostructure and a universal principle for the safer clinical applications of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Ke
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Room 407, No. 1 Laboratory Bld., No. 149 Jiaogong Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Guan-Zhen Gao
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Room 407, No. 1 Laboratory Bld., No. 149 Jiaogong Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yong Shen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, No. 523 Gongye Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Jian-Wu Zhou
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Room 407, No. 1 Laboratory Bld., No. 149 Jiaogong Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ping-Fan Rao
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Room 407, No. 1 Laboratory Bld., No. 149 Jiaogong Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Unzueta U, Céspedes MV, Vázquez E, Ferrer-Miralles N, Mangues R, Villaverde A. Towards protein-based viral mimetics for cancer therapies. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:253-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Chen Q, Sun Q, Molino NM, Wang SW, Boder ET, Chen W. Sortase A-mediated multi-functionalization of protein nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12107-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03769g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy was developed to create multi-functionalizaton of protein nanoparticles using Sortase A-mediated ligation, resulting in modified protein nanoparticles that are both thermally responsive and catalytic active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Nicholas M. Molino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - Eric T. Boder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
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Li M, Tang Z, Lin J, Zhang Y, Lv S, Song W, Huang Y, Chen X. Synergistic antitumor effects of doxorubicin-loaded carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticle in combination with endostar for effective treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1877-88. [PMID: 24846434 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The multi-modal combination therapy is proved powerful and successful to enhance the antitumor efficacy in clinics as compared with single therapy modes. In this study, the potential of combining chemotherapy with antiangiogenic therapy for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer is explored. Towards this aim, OEGylated carboxymethyl cellulose-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)oxirane (CMC-ME2MO) is prepared by treating CMC with ME2MO in the alkaline aqueous solution, and used to efficiently carry doxorubicin (DOX) with high drug-loading content (16.64%) and encapsulation efficiency (99.78%). As compared to free DOX, the resulting nanoparticles show not only the favorable stability in vitro but also the prolonged blood circulation, improved safety and tolerability, optimized biodistribution, reduced systemic toxicity, and enhanced antitumor efficacy in vivo, indicates a potential utility in cancer chemotherapy. Furthermore, the combination of the DOX-loaded polysaccharide nanoparticles and antiangiogenic drug endostar provides synergistic effects of chemotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy, which shows the highest efficiency in tumor suppression. The combination approach of the DOX-containing nanomedicine and endostar for efficient treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer is first proposed to demonstrate the synergistic therapeutic effect. This synergistic combination proves to be a promising therapeutic regimen in cancer therapy and holds great potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shixian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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Ren D, Kratz F, Wang SW. Engineered drug-protein nanoparticle complexes for folate receptor targeting. Biochem Eng J 2014; 89:33-41. [PMID: 25018664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials that are used in therapeutic applications need a high degree of uniformity and functionality which can be difficult to attain. One strategy for fabrication is to utilize the biological precision afforded by recombinant synthesis. Through protein engineering, we have produced ~27-nm dodecahedral protein nanoparticles using the thermostable E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase as a scaffold and added optical imaging, drug delivery, and tumor targeting capabilities. Cysteines in the internal cavity of the engineered caged protein scaffold (E2 variant D381C) were conjugated with maleimide-bearing Alexa Fluor 532 (AF532) and doxorubicin (DOX). The external surface was functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) alone or with the tumor-targeting ligand folic acid (FA) through a PEG linker. The resulting bi-functional nanoparticles remained intact and correctly assembled. The uptake of FA-displaying nanoparticles (D381C-AF532-PEG-FA) by cells overexpressing the folate receptor was approximately six times greater than of non-targeting nanoparticles (D381C-AF532-PEG) and was confirmed to be FA-specific. Nanoparticles containing DOX were all cytotoxic in the low micromolar range. To our knowledge, this work is the first time that acid-labile drug release and folate receptor targeting have been simultaneously integrated onto recombinant protein nanoparticles, and it demonstrates the potential of using biofabrication strategies to generate functional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, CA 92697-2575, USA
| | - Felix Kratz
- Tumor Biology Center, Division of Macromolecular Prodrugs Breisacher Strasse 117, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, CA 92697-2575, USA
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Molino NM, Wang SW. Caged protein nanoparticles for drug delivery. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 28:75-82. [PMID: 24832078 PMCID: PMC4087095 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Caged protein nanoparticles possess many desirable features for drug delivery, such as ideal sizes for endocytosis, non-toxic biodegradability, and the ability to functionalize at three distinct interfaces (external, internal, and inter-subunit) using the tools of protein engineering. Researchers have harnessed these attributes by covalently and non-covalently loading therapeutic molecules through mechanisms that facilitate release within specific microenvironments. Effective delivery depends on several factors, including specific targeting, cell uptake, release kinetics, and systemic clearance. The innate ability of the immune system to recognize and respond to proteins has recently been exploited to deliver therapeutic compounds with these platforms for immunomodulation. The diversity of drugs, loading/release mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and therapeutic efficacy are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Molino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, CA 92697-2575, United States
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, CA 92697-2575, United States.
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42
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Guarino V, Galizia M, Alvarez-Perez M, Mensitieri G, Ambrosio L. Improving surface and transport properties of macroporous hydrogels for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1095-105. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials; National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad. 20, V.le Kennedy 54; 80125 Naples Italy
| | - Michele Galizia
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering; University of Naples Federico II, P.leTecchio 80; 80125 Naples Italy
| | - Marco Alvarez-Perez
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, DEPeI, School of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n C.P. 04510 Coyoacán; Mexico DF Mexico
| | - Giuseppe Mensitieri
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering; University of Naples Federico II, P.leTecchio 80; 80125 Naples Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials; National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad. 20, V.le Kennedy 54; 80125 Naples Italy
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Li M, Tang Z, Lv S, Song W, Hong H, Jing X, Zhang Y, Chen X. Cisplatin crosslinked pH-sensitive nanoparticles for efficient delivery of doxorubicin. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3851-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wu C, Han P, Liu X, Xu M, Tian T, Chang J, Xiao Y. Mussel-inspired bioceramics with self-assembled Ca-P/polydopamine composite nanolayer: preparation, formation mechanism, improved cellular bioactivity and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:428-38. [PMID: 24157695 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The nanostructured surface of biomaterials plays an important role in improving their in vitro cellular bioactivity as well as stimulating in vivo tissue regeneration. Inspired by the mussel's adhesive versatility, which is thought to be due to the plaque-substrate interface being rich in 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalamine (DOPA) and lysine amino acids, in this study we developed a self-assembly method to prepare a uniform calcium phosphate (Ca-P)/polydopamine composite nanolayer on the surface of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramics by soaking β-TCP bioceramics in Tris-dopamine solution. It was found that the addition of dopamine, reaction temperature and reaction time are three key factors inducing the formation of a uniform Ca-P/polydopamine composite nanolayer. The formation mechanism of a Ca-P/polydopamine composite nanolayer involved two important steps: (i) the addition of dopamine to Tris-HCl solution decreases the pH value and accelerates Ca and P ionic dissolution from the crystal boundaries of β-TCP ceramics; (ii) dopamine is polymerized to form self-assembled polydopamine film and, at the same time, nanosized Ca-P particles are mineralized with the assistance of polydopamine, in which the formation of polydopamine occurs simultaneously with Ca-P mineralization (formation of nanosized microparticles composed of calcium phosphate-based materials), and finally a self-assembled Ca-P/polydopamine composite nanolayer forms on the surface of the β-TCP ceramics. Furthermore, the formed self-assembled Ca-P/polydopamine composite nanolayer significantly enhances the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of β-TCP ceramics, and stimulates the attachment, proliferation, alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity and bone-related gene expression (ALP, OCN, COL1 and Runx2) of human bone marrow stromal cells. Our results suggest that the preparation of self-assembled Ca-P/polydopamine composite nanolayers is a viable method to modify the surface of biomaterials by significantly improving their surface physicochemical properties and cellular bioactivity for bone regeneration application.
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Molino NM, Anderson AKL, Nelson EL, Wang SW. Biomimetic protein nanoparticles facilitate enhanced dendritic cell activation and cross-presentation. ACS NANO 2013; 7:9743-52. [PMID: 24090491 PMCID: PMC3893022 DOI: 10.1021/nn403085w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Many current cancer vaccine strategies suffer from the inability to mount a CD8 T cell response that is strong enough to overcome the low immunogenicity of tumors. Viruses naturally possess the sizes, geometries, and physical properties for which the immune system has evolved to recognize, and mimicking those properties with nanoparticles can produce robust platforms for vaccine design. Using the nonviral E2 core of pyruvate dehydrogenase, we have engineered a viral-mimicking vaccine platform capable of encapsulating dendritic cell (DC)-activating CpG molecules in an acid-releasable manner and displaying MHC I-restricted SIINFEKL peptide epitopes. Encapsulated CpG activated bone marrow-derived DCs at a 25-fold lower concentration in vitro when delivered with the E2 nanoparticle than with unbound CpG alone. Combining CpG and SIINFEKL within a single multifunctional particle induced ∼3-fold greater SIINFEKL display on MHC I by DCs over unbound peptide. Importantly, combining CpG and SIINFEKL to the E2 nanoparticle for simultaneous temporal and spatial delivery to DCs showed increased and prolonged CD8 T cell activation, relative to free peptide or peptide-bound E2. By codelivering peptide epitopes and CpG activator in a particle of optimal DC-uptake size, we demonstrate the ability of a noninfectious protein nanoparticle to mimic viral properties and facilitate enhanced DC activation and cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Molino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, CA 92697-2575
| | | | | | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, CA 92697-2575
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Li M, Lv S, Tang Z, Song W, Yu H, Sun H, Liu H, Chen X. Polypeptide/doxorubicin hydrochloride polymersomes prepared through organic solvent-free technique as a smart drug delivery platform. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1150-62. [PMID: 23894136 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient side-chain functionalization of polypeptide with neighboring carboxylgroups is achieved via the combination of ring-opening polymerization and subsequent thiol-yne click chemistry. The spontaneous formation of polymersomes with uniform size is found to occur in aqueous medium via electrostatic interaction between the anionic polypeptide and cationic doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl). The polymersomes are taken up by A549 cells via endocytosis, with a slightly lower cytotoxicity compared with free DOX ·HCl. Moreover, the drug-loaded polymersomes exhibit the enhanced therapeutic efficacy, increase apoptosis in tumor tissues, and reduce systemic toxicity in nude mice bearing A549 lung cancer xenograft, in comparison with free DOX ·HCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
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