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Sia ZR, Roy J, Huang WC, Song Y, Zhou S, Luo Y, Li Q, Arpin D, Kutscher HL, Ortega J, Davidson BA, Lovell JF. Adjuvanted nanoliposomes displaying six hemagglutinins and neuraminidases as an influenza virus vaccine. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101433. [PMID: 38401547 PMCID: PMC10982964 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Inclusion of defined quantities of the two major surface proteins of influenza virus, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), could benefit seasonal influenza vaccines. Recombinant HA and NA multimeric proteins derived from three influenza serotypes, H1N1, H3N2, and type B, are surface displayed on nanoliposomes co-loaded with immunostimulatory adjuvants, generating "hexaplex" particles that are used to immunize mice. Protective immune responses to hexaplex liposomes involve functional antibody elicitation against each included antigen, comparable to vaccination with monovalent antigen particles. When compared to contemporary recombinant or adjuvanted influenza virus vaccines, hexaplex liposomes perform favorably in many areas, including antibody production, T cell activation, protection from lethal virus challenge, and protection following passive sera transfer. Based on these results, hexaplex liposomes warrant further investigation as an adjuvanted recombinant influenza vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Jayishnu Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Wei-Chiao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; POP Biotechnologies, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA
| | - Yiting Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Qinzhe Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Dominic Arpin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Hilliard L Kutscher
- POP Biotechnologies, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA; Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Bruce A Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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Di Vincenzo R, Beutel J, Arnold P, Wang Y, Damm D, Tannig P, Lux A, Temchura V, Eichler J, Überla K. Oriented display of HIV-1 Env trimers by a novel coupling strategy enhances B cell activation and phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344346. [PMID: 38390320 PMCID: PMC10882061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Conformationally stabilized Env trimers have been developed as antigens for the induction of neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. However, the non-glycosylated immunodominant base of these soluble antigens may compete with the neutralizing antibody response. This has prompted attempts to couple Env trimers to organic or inorganic nanoparticles with the base facing towards the carrier. Such a site-directed coupling could not only occlude the base of the trimer, but also enhance B cell activation by repetitive display. Methods To explore the effect of an ordered display of HIV-1 Env on microspheres on the activation of Env-specific B cells we used Bind&Bite, a novel covalent coupling approach for conformationally sensitive antigens based on heterodimeric coiled-coil peptides. By engineering a trimeric HIV-1 Env protein with a basic 21-aa peptide (Peptide K) extension at the C-terminus, we were able to covalently biotinylate the antigen in a site-directed fashion using an acidic complementary peptide (Peptide E) bearing a reactive site and a biotin molecule. This allowed us to load our antigen onto streptavidin beads in an oriented manner. Results Microspheres coated with HIV-1 Env through our Bind&Bite system showed i) enhanced binding by conformational anti-HIV Env broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), ii) reduced binding activity by antibodies directed towards the base of Env, iii) higher Env-specific B cell activation, and iv) were taken-up more efficiently after opsonization compared to beads presenting HIV-1 Env in an undirected orientation. Discussion In comparison to site-directed biotinylation via the Avi-tag, Bind&Bite, offers greater flexibility with regard to alternative covalent protein modifications, allowing selective modification of multiple proteins via orthogonal coiled-coil peptide pairs. Thus, the Bind&Bite coupling approach via peptide K and peptide E described in this study offers a valuable tool for nanoparticle vaccine design where surface conjugation of correctly folded antigens is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Vincenzo
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jannis Beutel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Damm
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pierre Tannig
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Temchura
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Schatz S, Willnow L, Winkels M, Rosengarten JF, Theek B, Johnston ICD, Stitz J. Generation of Antibodies Selectively Recognizing Epitopes in a Formaldehyde-Fixed Cell-Surface Antigen Using Virus-like Particle Display and Hybridoma Technology. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:57. [PMID: 37753971 PMCID: PMC10525569 DOI: 10.3390/antib12030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient induction of target-specific antibodies can be elicited upon immunization with highly immunogenic virus-like particles (VLPs) decorated with desired membrane-anchored target antigens (Ags). However, for example, for diagnostic purposes, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are required to enable the histological examination of formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy tissue samples. Aiming at the generation of FFPE-antigen-specific mAbs and as a proof of concept (POC), we first established a simplified protocol using only formaldehyde and 90 °C heat fixation (FF90) of cells expressing the target Ag nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR). The FF90 procedure was validated using flow cytometric analysis and two mAbs recognizing either the native and FFPE-Ag or exclusively the native Ag. C-terminally truncated NGFR (trNGFR)-displaying native and FF90-treated VLPs derived from HIV-1 did not reveal distinctive changes in particle morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Mice were subsequently repetitively immunized with trNGFR-decorated FF90-VLPs and hybridoma technology was used to establish mAb-producing cell clones. In multiple screening rounds, nine cell clones were identified producing mAbs distinctively recognizing epitopes in FF90- and FFPE-NGFR. This POC of a new methodology should foster the future generation of mAbs selectively targeting FFPE-fixed cell-surface Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schatz
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Campusplatz 1, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Calinstrasse 3-9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Willnow
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Monika Winkels
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Jamila Franca Rosengarten
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Campusplatz 1, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Calinstrasse 3-9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Theek
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Ian C. D. Johnston
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Jörn Stitz
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Campusplatz 1, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
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Fokine A, Islam MZ, Fang Q, Chen Z, Sun L, Rao VB. Structure and Function of Hoc-A Novel Environment Sensing Device Encoded by T4 and Other Bacteriophages. Viruses 2023; 15:1517. [PMID: 37515203 PMCID: PMC10385173 DOI: 10.3390/v15071517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage T4 is decorated with 155 180 Å-long fibers of the highly antigenic outer capsid protein (Hoc). In this study, we describe a near-atomic structural model of Hoc by combining cryo-electron microscopy and AlphaFold structure predictions. It consists of a conserved C-terminal capsid-binding domain attached to a string of three variable immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, an architecture well-preserved in hundreds of Hoc molecules found in phage genomes. Each T4-Hoc fiber attaches randomly to the center of gp23* hexameric capsomers in one of the six possible orientations, though at the vertex-proximal hexamers that deviate from 6-fold symmetry, Hoc binds in two preferred orientations related by 180° rotation. Remarkably, each Hoc fiber binds to all six subunits of the capsomer, though the interactions are greatest with three of the subunits, resulting in the off-centered attachment of the C-domain. Biochemical analyses suggest that the acidic Hoc fiber (pI, ~4-5) allows for the clustering of virions in acidic pH and dispersion in neutral/alkaline pH. Hoc appears to have evolved as a sensing device that allows the phage to navigate its movements through reversible clustering-dispersion transitions so that it reaches its destination, the host bacterium, and persists in various ecological niches such as the human/mammalian gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Fokine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Mohammad Zahidul Islam
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Qianglin Fang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Venigalla B Rao
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
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Butkovich N, Tucker JA, Ramirez A, Li E, Meli VS, Nelson EL, Wang SW. Nanoparticle vaccines can be designed to induce pDC support of mDCs for increased antigen display. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:596-610. [PMID: 36476811 PMCID: PMC10775882 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01132h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine immunotherapy facilitates the immune system's recognition of tumor-associated antigens, and the biomolecular design of these vaccines using nanoparticles is one important approach towards obtaining strong anti-tumor responses. Following activation of dendritic cells (DCs), a robust CD8+ T cell-mediated adaptive immune response is critical for tumor elimination. While the role of efficient antigen-presenting myeloid DCs (mDCs) is conventionally attributed towards vaccine efficacy, participation by highly cytokine-producing plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) is less understood and is often overlooked. We examined vaccines based on the E2 protein nanoparticle platform that delivered encapsulated TLR9 agonist bacterial-like DNA (CpG1826 or CpG1018) or TLR7 agonist viral ssRNA to determine their efficacy over free agonists in activating both mDCs and pDCs for antigen presentation. Although mDCs were only activated by nanoparticle-encapsulated TLR9 agonists, pDCs were activated by all the individually tested constructs, and CpG1826 was shown to induce pDC cytokine production. Transfer of secreted factors from pDCs that were stimulated with a vaccine formulation comprising peptide antigen and CpG1826 enhanced mDC display of the antigen, particularly when delivered in nanoparticles. Only when treated with nanoparticle-conjugated vaccine could pDCs secrete factors to induce antigen display on naïve mDCs. These results reveal that pDCs can aid mDCs, highlighting the importance of activating both pDCs and mDCs in designing effective cancer vaccines, and demonstrate the advantage of using nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Butkovich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jo Anne Tucker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Aaron Ramirez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Enya Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Vijaykumar S Meli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Edward L Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Besson S, Boucher E, Laurin D, Manches O, Aspord C, Hannani D, Fender P. Stimulation of the immune system by a tumor antigen-bearing adenovirus-inspired VLP allows control of melanoma growth. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 28:76-89. [PMID: 36620074 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are versatile protein-based platforms that can be used as a vaccine platform mainly in infectiology. In the present work, we compared a previously designed, non-infectious, adenovirus-inspired 60-mer dodecahedric VLP to display short epitopes or a large tumor model antigen. To validate these two kinds of platforms as a potential immuno-stimulating approach, we evaluated their ability to control melanoma B16-ovalbumin (OVA) growth in mice. A set of adjuvants was screened, showing that polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) was well suited to generate a homogeneous cellular and humoral response against the desired epitopes. In a prophylactic setting, vaccination with the VLP displaying these epitopes resulted in total inhibition of tumor growth 1 month after vaccination. A therapeutic vaccination strategy showed a delay in grafted tumor growth or its total rejection. If the "simple" epitope display on the VLP is sufficient to prevent tumor growth, then an improved engineered platform enabling display of a large antigen is a tool to overcome the barrier of immune allele restriction, broadening the immune response, and paving the way for its potential utilization in humans as an off-the-shelf vaccine.
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Ponndorf D, Meshcheriakova Y, Thuenemann EC, Dobon Alonso A, Overman R, Holton N, Dowall S, Kennedy E, Stocks M, Lomonossoff GP, Peyret H. Plant-made dengue virus-like particles produced by co-expression of structural and non-structural proteins induce a humoral immune response in mice. Plant Biotechnol J 2021; 19:745-756. [PMID: 33099859 PMCID: PMC8051607 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an emerging threat causing an estimated 390 million infections per year. Dengvaxia, the only licensed vaccine, may not be adequately safe in young and seronegative patients; hence, development of a safer, more effective vaccine is of great public health interest. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a safe and very efficient vaccine strategy, and DENV VLPs have been produced in various expression systems. Here, we describe the production of DENV VLPs in Nicotiana benthamiana using transient expression. The co-expression of DENV structural proteins (SP) and a truncated version of the non-structural proteins (NSPs), lacking NS5 that contains the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, led to the assembly of DENV VLPs in plants. These VLPs were comparable in appearance and size to VLPs produced in mammalian cells. Contrary to data from other expression systems, expression of the protein complex prM-E was not successful, and strategies used in other expression systems to improve the VLP yield did not result in increased yields in plants but, rather, increased purification difficulties. Immunogenicity assays in BALB/c mice revealed that plant-made DENV1-SP + NSP VLPs led to a higher antibody response in mice compared with DENV-E domain III displayed inside bluetongue virus core-like particles and a DENV-E domain III subunit. These results are consistent with the idea that VLPs could be the optimal approach to creating candidate vaccines against enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ponndorf
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Yulia Meshcheriakova
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Eva C. Thuenemann
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | | | - Ross Overman
- Leaf Expression SystemsNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | | | | | | | - Martin Stocks
- Plant Bioscience LimitedNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | | | - Hadrien Peyret
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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Sabanovic B, Piva F, Cecati M, Giulietti M. Promising Extracellular Vesicle-Based Vaccines against Viruses, Including SARS-CoV-2. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10020094. [PMID: 33513850 PMCID: PMC7912280 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from almost all human cells and mediate intercellular communication by transferring heterogeneous molecules (i.e., DNA, RNAs, proteins, and lipids). In this way, EVs participate in various biological processes, including immune responses. Viruses can hijack EV biogenesis systems for their dissemination, while EVs from infected cells can transfer viral proteins to uninfected cells and to immune cells in order to mask the infection or to trigger a response. Several studies have highlighted the role of native or engineered EVs in the induction of B cell and CD8(+) T cell reactions against viral proteins, strongly suggesting these antigen-presenting EVs as a novel strategy for vaccine design, including the emerging COVID-19. EV-based vaccines overcome some limitations of conventional vaccines and introduce novel unique characteristics useful in vaccine design, including higher bio-safety and efficiency as antigen-presenting systems and as adjuvants. Here, we review the state-of-the-art for antiviral EV-based vaccines, including the ongoing projects of some biotech companies in the development of EV-based vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we discuss the limits for further development of this promising class of therapeutic agents.
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9
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Wang F, Hao J, Li N, Xing G, Hu M, Zhang G. Integrated System for Purification and Assembly of PCV Cap Nano Vaccine Based on Targeting Peptide Ligand. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8507-8517. [PMID: 33154640 PMCID: PMC7608655 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s274427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The vaccine design has shifted from attenuated or inactivated whole pathogen vaccines to more pure and defined subunit vaccines. The purification of antigen proteins, especially the precise display of antigen regions, has become a key step affecting the effectiveness of subunit vaccines. Materials and Methods This work presents the application of molecular docking for a peptide ligand designed for PCV2 Cap purification and assembly in one step. Based on the PCV2 Cap protein affinity peptide (L11-DYWWQSWE), the amino terminal of PCV2 Cap was covalently coupled with the polylactic acid–glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) carboxyl terminal through the EDC/NHS method. Results The PLGA had an average diameter of 106 nm. The average diameter increased to 122 nm after the PCV2 Cap protein conjugation, and the Zeta potential shifted from −13.7 mV to −9.6 mV, indicating that the PCV2 Cap protein stably binds to the PLGA. Compared with the free PCV2 Cap protein group, the neutralizing antibody titer was significantly increased on the 14th day after the PLGA-Cap immunization (P < 0.05). The neutralizing antibody level was extremely significant on the 28th day (P < 0.001). The CCK-8 analysis showed that PLGA-Cap had an obvious cytotoxic effect on RAW264.7 cells at the PLGA nanoparticle concentration up to 200 μg/mL but had no obvious cytotoxic effect on DC2.4 cells. Compared with the Cap protein group, the antigen-presenting cells had a stronger antigen uptake capacity and a higher fluorescence in the PLGA-Cap group. The immune effect showed that the level of the neutralizing antibody produced by this structure is much better than that of purified protein and helps improve the immune system response. Conclusion This technology provides a potential new perspective for the rapid enrichment of the antigen protein with the affinity peptide ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfang Hao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China.,College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxu Xing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Hu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Technological advances in immunology, protein design, and genetic delivery have unlocked new possibilities for vaccine concepts and delivery technologies that were previously inaccessible. These next-generation vaccine design efforts are particularly promising in their potential to provide solutions to challenging targets for which conventional approaches have proven ineffective—for example, a universal influenza vaccine. In this perspective, we discuss emerging approaches to vaccine design and engineering based on recent insights into immunology, structural biology, computational biology, and immunoengineering. We anticipate that these cutting-edge, interdisciplinary approaches will lead to breakthrough vaccine concepts for ever-evolving and (re)emerging influenza viruses, with important ramifications for global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Correspondence: M. Kanekiyo, DVM, PhD, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 ()
| | - Daniel Ellis
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Neil P King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle
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11
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van den Berg van Saparoea HB, Houben D, de Jonge MI, Jong WSP, Luirink J. Display of Recombinant Proteins on Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles by Using Protein Ligation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e02567-17. [PMID: 29439988 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02567-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli virulence factor hemoglobin protease (Hbp) has been engineered into a surface display system that can be expressed to high density on live E. coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cells or derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Multiple antigenic sequences can be genetically fused into the Hbp core structure for optimal exposure to the immune system. Although the Hbp display platform is relatively tolerant, increasing the number, size, and complexity of integrated sequences generally lowers the expression of the fused constructs and limits the density of display. This is due to the intricate mechanism of Hbp secretion across the outer membrane and the efficient quality control of translocation-incompetent chimeric Hbp molecules in the periplasm. To address this shortcoming, we explored the coupling of purified proteins to the Hbp carrier after its translocation across the outer membrane using the recently developed SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligation system. As expected, fusion of the small SpyTag to Hbp did not hamper display on OMVs. Subsequent addition of purified proteins fused to the SpyCatcher domain resulted in efficient covalent coupling to Hbp-SpyTag. Using in addition the orthogonal SnoopTag/SnoopCatcher system, multiple antigen modules could be coupled to Hbp in a sequential ligation strategy. Not only antigens proved suitable for Spy-mediated ligation but also nanobodies. Addition of this functionality to the platform might allow the targeting of live bacterial or OMV vaccines to certain tissues or immune cells to tailor immune responses.IMPORTANCE Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Gram-negative bacteria attract increasing interest in the development of vaccines and therapeutic agents. We aim to construct a semisynthetic OMV platform for recombinant antigen presentation on OMVs derived from attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cells displaying an adapted Escherichia coli autotransporter, Hbp, at the surface. Although this autotransporter accepts substantial modifications, its capacity with respect to the number, size, and structural complexity of the antigens genetically fused to the Hbp carrier is restricted. Here we describe the application of SpyCatcher/SpyTag protein ligation technology to enzymatically link antigens to Hbp present at high density in OMVs. Protein ligation was apparently unobstructed by the membrane environment and allowed a high surface density of coupled antigens, a property we have shown to be important for vaccine efficacy. The OMV coupling procedure appears versatile and robust, allowing fast production of experimental vaccines and therapeutic agents through a modular plug-and-display procedure.
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Abstract
The human cluster of differentiation (CD)1 system for antigen display is comprised of four types of antigen-presenting molecules, each with a distinct functional niche: CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d. Whereas CD1 proteins were thought solely to influence T-cell responses through display of amphipathic lipids, recent studies emphasize the role of direct contacts between the T-cell receptor and CD1 itself. Moving from molecules to diseases, new research approaches emphasize human CD1-transgenic mouse models and the study of human polyclonal T cells
in vivo or
ex vivo in disease states. Whereas the high genetic diversity of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded antigen-presenting molecules provides a major hurdle for designing antigens that activate T cells in all humans, the simple population genetics of the CD1 system offers the prospect of discovering or designing broadly acting immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Indelicato G, Burkhard P, Twarock R. Classification of self-assembling protein nanoparticle architectures for applications in vaccine design. R Soc Open Sci 2017; 4:161092. [PMID: 28484626 PMCID: PMC5414263 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.161092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We introduce here a mathematical procedure for the structural classification of a specific class of self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SAPNs) that are used as a platform for repetitive antigen display systems. These SAPNs have distinctive geometries as a consequence of the fact that their peptide building blocks are formed from two linked coiled coils that are designed to assemble into trimeric and pentameric clusters. This allows a mathematical description of particle architectures in terms of bipartite (3,5)-regular graphs. Exploiting the relation with fullerene graphs, we provide a complete atlas of SAPN morphologies. The classification enables a detailed understanding of the spectrum of possible particle geometries that can arise in the self-assembly process. Moreover, it provides a toolkit for a systematic exploitation of SAPNs in bioengineering in the context of vaccine design, predicting the density of B-cell epitopes on the SAPN surface, which is critical for a strong humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Indelicato
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Torino, Via Carlo Alberto 10, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - P. Burkhard
- The Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3125, USA
| | - R. Twarock
- Departments of Mathematics and Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis, University of York, York YO10 5GE, UK
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Der Vartanian M, Méchin MC, Jaffeux B, Bertin Y, Félix I, Gaillard-Martinie B. Permissible peptide insertions surrounding the signal peptide-mature protein junction of the ClpG prepilin: CS31A fimbriae of Escherichia coli as carriers of foreign sequences. Gene 1994; 148:23-32. [PMID: 7523252 PMCID: PMC7131889 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The clpG gene, expressing the Escherichia coli major CS31A fimbrial subunit ClpG, was subjected to random mutagenesis by insertion of an EcoRI linker and a kanamycin-resistance (KmR) cassette into the multiple newly generated EcoRI sites. The KmR gene was then excised by PstI, which left a 48-bp linker representing the heterologous sequence. The same procedure was followed to introduce a synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligo) corresponding to epitope C from the spike protein S from the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV). Nine insertion/deletion mutants (indels) that contained long foreign peptides variously located around the ClpG signal peptide (SP) processing site were characterized. A striking feature of this study is the variety of amino acid (aa) insertions in the ClpG prepilin that have little or no effect on CS31A fimbria biogenesis. These 'permissive' sites tolerate inserts of 18 or 19 aa and accept sequences of different natures in view of their aa composition, charge and hydrophobicity. The results obtained here are also interesting in light of the high level of aa sequence conservation seen in the SP and N-terminal domains of the ClpG-related subunits. The structure-function relationship of the ClpG SP is discussed. The TGEV-C epitope fused to the N-terminal end of the mature ClpG protein was cell-surface exposed, as observed on immuno-electron microscopy. Therefore, the CS31A fimbria seems to be a potent tool for the presentation of foreign antigenic determinants or the production of heterologous polypeptides in E. coli.
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Key Words
- recombinant dna
- random mutagenesis
- signal sequence
- genetic fusions
- hybrid protein secretion
- chaperone
- transmissible gastroenteritis virus
- epitope
- antigen display
- pilin
- a, absorbance (1 cm)
- aa, amino acid(s)
- ab, antibody (ies)
- ap, ampicillin
- bp, base pair(s)
- clpg, major cs31a fimbrial subunit
- cmm, chloramphenicol
- dnase i, bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease
- dntp, deoxynucleotide triphosphate
- em, electron microscopy
- igg, immunoglobulin g
- indel, insertion/deletion mutant
- iptg, isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside
- kb, kilobase(s) or 1000 bp
- km, kanamycin
- mab, monoclonal ab
- mcs, multiple cloning site(s)
- nt, nucleotide(s)
- oligo, oligodeoxyribonucleotide
- pa, polyacrylamide
- pab, polyclonal ab
- page, pa-gel electrophoresis
- pbs, 0.14 m nacl/2.7 mm kcl/1.8 mm kh2po4/10 mm na2 · hpo4 ph 7.2
- polik, klenow (large) fragment of e. coli dna polymerase i
- r, resistance/resistant
- sds, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- sp, signal peptide
- tgev, transmissible gastroenteritis virus
- wt, wild type
- x, any aa
- ::, novel junction (fusion or insertion)
- [ ], denotes plasmid-carrier state
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Affiliation(s)
- M Der Vartanian
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre de Recherches de Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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