1
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Liu M, Gao M, Shi X, Yin Y, Liu H, Xie R, Huang C, Zhang W, Xu S. Quercetin attenuates SiO 2-induced ZBP-1-mediated PANoptosis in mouse neuronal cells via the ROS/TLR4/NF-κb pathway. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122948. [PMID: 39423623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing development of the society, silicon dioxide (SiO2) has been used in various fields, such as agriculture, food industry, etc., and its residues can pose a potential health threat to organisms. Quercetin (Que) is a potent free radical scavenger commonly found in plants. C57BL/6 mice were chosen to established a mouse model of SiO2 exposure and Que antagonism to investigate the mechanism of action of Que in rescuing the toxic damage of SiO2 on mouse cerebellum tissue. The results showed that cytoplasmic vacuolization, and inflammatory cell infiltration caused by SiO2 were alleviated by the addition of Que, and reduced oxidative stress in mouse cerebellum, alleviated the activation of TLR4 pathway induced by SiO2, and substantially reduced the occurrence of ZBP-1-mediated PANoptosis induced by SiO2 exposure in mouse cerebellum. In NS20Y cells, the oxidative stress activator (Elesclomol) and inhibitor N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and the NF-κB activator 2 (NA2) were added. Elesclomol and NAC confirm the involvement of ROS in regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, the TLR4/NF-κB pathway regulated ZBP-1-mediated PANoptosis in cerebellum and NS20Y cells induced by SiO2 exposure. In conclusion, the present experimental data suggest that Que mitigates the onset of ZBP-1-mediated PANoptosis in neuronal cells induced by SiO2 through the ROS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The present experimental findings help to understand the detoxification effect of Que in more tissues and provide an important reference for the rescue of organisms in long-term SiO2 environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Meichen Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yilin Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Huanyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ruirui Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Chenxi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China.
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2
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Mim JJ, Hasan M, Chowdhury MS, Ghosh J, Mobarak MH, Khanom F, Hossain N. A comprehensive review on the biomedical frontiers of nanowire applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29244. [PMID: 38628721 PMCID: PMC11016983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines the immense capacity of nanowires, nanostructures characterized by unbounded dimensions, to profoundly transform the field of biomedicine. Nanowires, which are created by combining several materials using techniques such as electrospinning and vapor deposition, possess distinct mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. As a result, they are well-suited for use in nanoscale electronic devices, drug delivery systems, chemical sensors, and other applications. The utilization of techniques such as the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) approach and template-assisted approaches enables the achievement of precision in synthesis. This precision allows for the customization of characteristics, which in turn enables the capability of intracellular sensing and accurate drug administration. Nanowires exhibit potential in biomedical imaging, neural interfacing, and tissue engineering, despite obstacles related to biocompatibility and scalable manufacturing. They possess multifunctional capabilities that have the potential to greatly influence the intersection of nanotechnology and healthcare. Surmounting present obstacles has the potential to unleash the complete capabilities of nanowires, leading to significant improvements in diagnostics, biosensing, regenerative medicine, and next-generation point-of-care medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Jannat Mim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shakil Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Jubaraz Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hosne Mobarak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Khanom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Nayem Hossain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
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3
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Park W, Kim EM, Jeon Y, Lee J, Yi J, Jeong J, Kim B, Jeong BG, Kim DR, Kong H, Lee CH. Transparent Intracellular Sensing Platform with Si Needles for Simultaneous Live Imaging. ACS NANO 2023; 17:25014-25026. [PMID: 38059775 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Vertically ordered Si needles are of particular interest for long-term intracellular recording owing to their capacity to infiltrate living cells with negligible damage and minimal toxicity. Such intracellular recordings could greatly benefit from simultaneous live cell imaging without disrupting their culture, contributing to an in-depth understanding of cellular function and activity. However, the use of standard live imaging techniques, such as inverted and confocal microscopy, is currently impeded by the opacity of Si wafers, typically employed for fabricating vertical Si needles. Here, we introduce a transparent intracellular sensing platform that combines vertical Si needles with a percolated network of Au-Ag nanowires on a transparent elastomeric substrate. This sensing platform meets all prerequisites for simultaneous intracellular recording and imaging, including electrochemical impedance, optical transparency, mechanical compliance, and cell viability. Proof-of-concept demonstrations of this sensing platform include monitoring electrical potentials in cardiomyocyte cells and in three-dimensionally engineered cardiovascular tissue, all while conducting live imaging with inverted and confocal microscopes. This sensing platform holds wide-ranging potential applications for intracellular research across various disciplines such as neuroscience, cardiology, muscle physiology, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woohyun Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yale Jeon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jonghun Yi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinheon Jeong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bongjoong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Mechanical and System Design Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Guk Jeong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dong Rip Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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4
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Li J, Barlow LN, Sask KN. Enhancement of protein immobilization on polydimethylsiloxane using a synergistic combination of polydopamine and micropattern surface modification. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2376-2399. [PMID: 37609691 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2248799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protein interactions at biointerfaces is critical for the improved design of biomaterials and medical devices. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used for numerous device applications, and surface modifications can enhance protein immobilization and the response to cells. A multifunctional approach combining topographical and biochemical modifications was applied to PDMS by fabricating 10-20 µm scale patterns onto PDMS surfaces and by coating with polydopamine (PDA). The modifications were confirmed by surface characterization and bovine serum albumin (BSA), fibrinogen (Fg), and fetuin-A (Fet-A) were radiolabeled with 125I. The amounts of protein attached to the surface before and after elution with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were quantified from single and complex multi-protein solutions to determine protein stability and competitive binding. The PDA coatings were the most stable and capable of immobilizing the highest levels of all proteins. Furthermore, combinations of PDA coatings with the smallest micropatterns provided an additional improvement, enhancing the amount immobilized and the stability. The adsorption of BSA and Fg from plasma demonstrated competitive binding and possible orientation changes, respectively. It was determined that Fet-A, a less studied protein, adsorbed from plasma at low levels, but the adsorption from fetal bovine serum (FBS) was significantly greater, providing important quantification data from radiolabeling that is relevant to many cell culture studies. Overall, combining topography and PDA modification has a synergistic effect on improving protein immobilization. These findings provide new insight on the quantities of proteins bound to PDMS and PDA coatings with implications for cell interactions in various biotechnology and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leah N Barlow
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyla N Sask
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Ullah Nayan M, Sillman B, Hasan M, Deodhar S, Das S, Sultana A, Thai Hoang Le N, Soriano V, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE. Advances in long-acting slow effective release antiretroviral therapies for treatment and prevention of HIV infection. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115009. [PMID: 37451501 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Adherence to daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a barrier to both treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To overcome limitations of life-long daily regimen adherence, long-acting (LA) injectable antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, nanoformulations, implants, vaginal rings, microarray patches, and ultra-long-acting (ULA) prodrugs are now available or in development. These medicines enable persons who are or at risk for HIV infection to be treated with simplified ART regimens. First-generation LA cabotegravir, rilpivirine, and lenacapavir injectables and a dapivirine vaginal ring are now in use. However, each remains limited by existing dosing intervals, ease of administration, or difficulties in finding drug partners. ULA ART regimens provide an answer, but to date, such next-generation formulations remain in development. Establishing the niche will require affirmation of extended dosing, improved access, reduced injection volumes, improved pharmacokinetic profiles, selections of combination treatments, and synchronization of healthcare support. Based on such needs, this review highlights recent pharmacological advances and a future treatment perspective. While first-generation LA ARTs are available for HIV care, they remain far from ideal in meeting patient needs. ULA medicines, now in advanced preclinical development, may close gaps toward broader usage and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ullah Nayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, USA
| | - Brady Sillman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, USA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, USA
| | - Suyash Deodhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, USA
| | - Srijanee Das
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, USA
| | - Ashrafi Sultana
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, USA
| | - Nam Thai Hoang Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, USA
| | | | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, USA.
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, USA.
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6
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Andersson J, Järlebark J, KK S, Schaefer A, Hailes R, Palasingh C, Santoso B, Vu VT, Huang CJ, Westerlund F, Dahlin A. Polymer Brushes on Silica Nanostructures Prepared by Aminopropylsilatrane Click Chemistry: Superior Antifouling and Biofunctionality. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10228-10239. [PMID: 36765467 PMCID: PMC9951205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In nanobiotechnology, the importance of controlling interactions between biological molecules and surfaces is paramount. In recent years, many devices based on nanostructured silicon materials have been presented, such as nanopores and nanochannels. However, there is still a clear lack of simple, reliable, and efficient protocols for preventing and controlling biomolecule adsorption in such structures. In this work, we show a simple method for passivation or selective biofunctionalization of silica, without the need for polymerization reactions or vapor-phase deposition. The surface is simply exposed stepwise to three different chemicals over the course of ∼1 h. First, the use of aminopropylsilatrane is used to create a monolayer of amines, yielding more uniform layers than conventional silanization protocols. Second, a cross-linker layer and click chemistry are used to make the surface reactive toward thiols. In the third step, thick and dense poly(ethylene glycol) brushes are prepared by a grafting-to approach. The modified surfaces are shown to be superior to existing options for silica modification, exhibiting ultralow fouling (a few ng/cm2) after exposure to crude serum. In addition, by including a fraction of biotinylated polymer end groups, the surface can be functionalized further. We show that avidin can be detected label-free from a serum solution with a selectivity (compared to nonspecific binding) of more than 98% without the need for a reference channel. Furthermore, we show that our method can passivate the interior of 150 nm × 100 nm nanochannels in silica, showing complete elimination of adsorption of a sticky fluorescent protein. Additionally, our method is shown to be compatible with modifications of solid-state nanopores in 20 nm thin silicon nitride membranes and reduces the noise in the ion current. We consider these findings highly important for the broad field of nanobiotechnology, and we believe that our method will be very useful for a great variety of surface-based sensors and analytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Andersson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia Järlebark
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sriram KK
- Department
of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Schaefer
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rebekah Hailes
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chonnipa Palasingh
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bagus Santoso
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Van-Truc Vu
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National
Central University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jun Huang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National
Central University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
- R&D
Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan
Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
- NCU-Covestro
Research Center, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Department
of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Chai Z, Childress A, Busnaina AA. Directed Assembly of Nanomaterials for Making Nanoscale Devices and Structures: Mechanisms and Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17641-17686. [PMID: 36269234 PMCID: PMC9706815 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication has been utilized to manufacture one-, two-, and three-dimensional functional nanostructures for applications such as electronics, sensors, and photonic devices. Although conventional silicon-based nanofabrication (top-down approach) has developed into a technique with extremely high precision and integration density, nanofabrication based on directed assembly (bottom-up approach) is attracting more interest recently owing to its low cost and the advantages of additive manufacturing. Directed assembly is a process that utilizes external fields to directly interact with nanoelements (nanoparticles, 2D nanomaterials, nanotubes, nanowires, etc.) and drive the nanoelements to site-selectively assemble in patterned areas on substrates to form functional structures. Directed assembly processes can be divided into four different categories depending on the external fields: electric field-directed assembly, fluidic flow-directed assembly, magnetic field-directed assembly, and optical field-directed assembly. In this review, we summarize recent progress utilizing these four processes and address how these directed assembly processes harness the external fields, the underlying mechanism of how the external fields interact with the nanoelements, and the advantages and drawbacks of utilizing each method. Finally, we discuss applications made using directed assembly and provide a perspective on the future developments and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Chai
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Anthony Childress
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Busnaina
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
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8
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Gairola A, Benjamin A, Weatherston JD, Cirillo JD, Wu HJ. Recent Developments in Drug Delivery for Treatment of Tuberculosis by Targeting Macrophages. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2100193. [PMID: 36203881 PMCID: PMC9531895 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is among the greatest public health and safety concerns in the 21st century, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes TB, infects alveolar macrophages and uses these cells as one of its primary sites of replication. The current TB treatment regimen, which consist of chemotherapy involving a combination of 3-4 antimicrobials for a duration of 6-12 months, is marked with significant side effects, toxicity, and poor compliance. Targeted drug delivery offers a strategy that could overcome many of the problems of current TB treatment by specifically targeting infected macrophages. Recent advances in nanotechnology and material science have opened an avenue to explore drug carriers that actively and passively target macrophages. This approach can increase the drug penetration into macrophages by using ligands on the nanocarrier that interact with specific receptors for macrophages. This review encompasses the recent development of drug carriers specifically targeting macrophages actively and passively. Future directions and challenges associated with development of effective TB treatment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Gairola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron Benjamin
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua D Weatherston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Cirillo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Hung-Jen Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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9
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Maged A, Abdelbaset R, Mahmoud AA, Elkasabgy NA. Merits and advances of microfluidics in the pharmaceutical field: design technologies and future prospects. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1549-1570. [PMID: 35612293 PMCID: PMC9154770 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2069878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics is used to manipulate fluid flow in micro-channels to fabricate drug delivery vesicles in a uniform tunable size. Thanks to their designs, microfluidic technology provides an alternative and versatile platform over traditional formulation methods of nanoparticles. Understanding the factors that affect the formulation of nanoparticles can guide the proper selection of microfluidic design and the operating parameters aiming at producing nanoparticles with reproducible properties. This review introduces the microfluidic systems' continuous flow (single-phase) and segmented flow (multiphase) and their different mixing parameters and mechanisms. Furthermore, microfluidic approaches for efficient production of nanoparticles as surface modification, anti-fouling, and post-microfluidic treatment are summarized. The review sheds light on the used microfluidic systems and operation parameters applied to prepare and fine-tune nanoparticles like lipid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles as well as cross-linked nanoparticles. The approaches for scale-up production using microfluidics for clinical or industrial use are also highlighted. Furthermore, the use of microfluidics in preparing novel micro/nanofluidic drug delivery systems is presented. In conclusion, the characteristic vital features of microfluidics offer the ability to develop precise and efficient drug delivery nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Maged
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Factory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda Abdelbaset
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Cai Y, Huang S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhu X, Chen X, Ding X. Bioinspired Rotation Microneedles for Accurate Transdermal Positioning and Ultraminimal-Invasive Biomarker Detection with Mechanical Robustness. RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9869734. [PMID: 35350471 PMCID: PMC8924791 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9869734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle permits transdermal biosensing and drug delivery with minor pain. However, accurate microneedle transdermal positioning with minimal skin deformation remains a significant technical challenge due to inhomogeneous skin topology and discontinuous force applied to the microneedle. Here, we introduce bioinspired rotation microneedles for in vivo accurate microneedle positioning as inspired by honeybees’ stingers. We demonstrate the benefits of rotation microneedles in alleviating skin resistance through finite element analysis, full-thickness porcine validations, and mathematical derivations of microneedle-skin interaction stress fields. The max penetration force was mitigated by up to 45.7% and the force attenuation rate increased to 2.73 times in the holding stage after penetration. A decrease in max skin deflection and a faster deformation recovery introduced by rotation microneedles implied a more precise penetration depth. Furthermore, we applied the rotation microneedles in psoriasis mice, a monogenic disorder animal model, for minimally invasive biological sample extraction and proinflammatory cytokine monitoring. An ultrasensitive detection method is realized by using only one microneedle to achieve cytokine mRNA level determination compared to commonly required biopsies or blood collection. Thus, rotation microneedles permit a simple, rapid, and ultraminimal-invasive method for subcutaneous trace biological sample acquisition and subsequent point-of-care diagnostics with minimal damage to both microneedles and skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhinan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiazheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xingyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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11
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Chahkandi M, Zargazi M, Ahmadi A, Koushki E, Ghasedi A. In situ synthesis of holey g-C 3N 4 nanosheets decorated by hydroxyapatite nanospheres as efficient visible light photocatalyst. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31174-31188. [PMID: 35496852 PMCID: PMC9041532 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05259d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interesting g-C3N4 nanosheet morphology has drawn huge attention in photocatalytic applications because of its special features. Nonetheless, the relative activity of these nanosheets is still controversial due to the low available active sites and the high recombination probability of photo-induced charge carriers. In this work, in situ sol-gel approach was applied to synthesize holey g-C3N4 nanosheets/hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanospheres with plentiful in-plane holes. Herein, the presence of Ca2+ plays a key role in the formation of holey defects on 2D g-C3N4. In-plane holes provide nanosheets with more active edges and diffusion channelsv, resulting in a tremendous enhanced mass and photo-induced charge transfer speed. Moreover, the holes make highly numbered boundaries, which lead to the prevention of aggregation. On the other hand, distributed nano-HAp spheres on these nanosheets can form effective heterojunctions having high photo-degradation ability of pollutants. Intrinsic O-vacancies inside HAp unit cells mainly affect the capture of photogenerated electrons, pollutant molecules, and O2 gas. The synergistic presence of O-vacancies and holey defects (C-vacancies) on 2D g-C3N4 plays a key role in raising the photocatalytic performance of holey g-C3N4/HAp. It can be concluded that the proposed preparation method is a promising approach for simultaneous synthesis of holey g-C3N4 and surface heterojunctions of Ca-based materials. This new structure has shown significant degradation ability of bisphenol A, a prominent pollutant, with a low amount (0.01 g) and short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Chahkandi
- Department of Chemistry, Hakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar 96179-76487 Iran +985144012451 +985144013342
| | - Mahboobeh Zargazi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad 91775 Iran
| | - Afsaneh Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Hakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar 96179-76487 Iran +985144012451 +985144013342
| | - Ehsan Koushki
- Department of Physics, Hakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar 96179-76487 Iran
| | - Arman Ghasedi
- Department of Physics, Hakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar 96179-76487 Iran
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Morikawa K, Ohta R, Mawatari K, Kitamori T. Metal-Free Fabrication of Fused Silica Extended Nanofluidic Channel to Remove Artifacts in Chemical Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080917. [PMID: 34442539 PMCID: PMC8399996 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In microfluidics, especially in nanofluidics, nanochannels with functionalized surfaces have recently attracted attention for use as a new tool for the investigation of chemical reaction fields. Molecules handled in the reaction field can reach the single-molecule level due to the small size of the nanochannel. In such surroundings, contamination of the channel surface should be removed at the single-molecule level. In this study, it was assumed that metal materials could contaminate the nanochannels during the fabrication processes; therefore, we aimed to develop metal-free fabrication processes. Fused silica channels 1000 nm-deep were conventionally fabricated using a chromium mask. Instead of chromium, electron beam resists more than 1000 nm thick were used and the lithography conditions were optimized. From the results of optimization, channels with 1000 nm scale width and depth were fabricated on fused silica substrates without the use of a chromium mask. In nanofluidic experiments, an oxidation reaction was observed in a device fabricated by conventional fabrication processes using a chromium mask. It was found that Cr6+ remained on the channel surfaces and reacted with chemicals in the liquid phase in the extended nanochannels; this effect occurred at least to the micromolar level. In contrast, the device fabricated with metal-free processes was free of artifacts induced by the presence of chromium. The developed fabrication processes and results of this study will be a significant contribution to the fundamental technologies employed in the fields of microfluidics and nanofluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyojiro Morikawa
- Collaborative Research Organization for Micro and Nano Multifunctional Devices (NMfD), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ohta
- Collaborative Research Organization for Micro and Nano Multifunctional Devices (NMfD), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuma Mawatari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kitamori
- Collaborative Research Organization for Micro and Nano Multifunctional Devices (NMfD), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems (iNEMS), Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Romano JW, Baum MM, Demkovich ZR, Diana F, Dobard C, Feldman PL, Garcia-Lerma JG, Grattoni A, Gunawardana M, Ho DK, Hope TJ, Massud I, Milad M, Moss JA, Pons-Faudoa FP, Roller S, van der Straten A, Srinivasan S, Veazey RS, Zane D. Tenofovir Alafenamide for HIV Prevention: Review of the Proceedings from the Gates Foundation Long-Acting TAF Product Development Meeting. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:409-420. [PMID: 33913760 PMCID: PMC8213003 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to successfully develop a safe and effective vaccine for the prevention of HIV infection has proven challenging. Consequently, alternative approaches to HIV infection prevention have been pursued, and there have been a number of successes with differing levels of efficacy. At present, only two oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) products are available, Truvada and Descovy. Descovy is a newer product not yet indicated in individuals at risk of HIV-1 infection from receptive vaginal sex, because it still needs to be evaluated in this population. A topical dapivirine vaginal ring is currently under regulatory review, and a long-acting (LA) injectable cabotegravir product shows strong promise. Although demonstrably effective, daily oral PrEP presents adherence challenges for many users, particularly adolescent girls and young women, key target populations. This limitation has triggered development efforts in LA HIV prevention options. This article reviews efforts supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, as well as similar work by other groups, to identify and develop optimal LA HIV prevention products. Specifically, this article is a summary review of a meeting convened by the foundation in early 2020 that focused on the development of LA products designed for extended delivery of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) for HIV prevention. The review broadly serves as technical guidance for preclinical development of LA HIV prevention products. The meeting examined the technical feasibility of multiple delivery technologies, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and safety of subcutaneous (SC) delivery of TAF in animal models. Ultimately, the foundation concluded that there are technologies available for long-term delivery of TAF. However, because of potentially limited efficacy and possible toxicity issues with SC delivery, the foundation will not continue investing in the development of LA, SC delivery of TAF products for HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc M. Baum
- Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Monrovia, California, USA
| | | | - Frank Diana
- FJD-CMC Consulting, LLC., Ocean City, New Jersey, USA
| | - Charles Dobard
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul L. Feldman
- Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - J. Gerardo Garcia-Lerma
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Manjula Gunawardana
- Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Monrovia, California, USA
| | - Duy-Khiet Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ivana Massud
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark Milad
- Milad Pharmaceutical Consulting, Plymouth, Michigan, USA
| | - John A. Moss
- Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Monrovia, California, USA
| | | | - Shane Roller
- Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ariane van der Straten
- Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Study (CAPS), UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Selvi Srinivasan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ronald S. Veazey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Doris Zane
- Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Heyward, California, USA
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14
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Higgins SG, Becce M, Belessiotis-Richards A, Seong H, Sero JE, Stevens MM. High-Aspect-Ratio Nanostructured Surfaces as Biological Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903862. [PMID: 31944430 PMCID: PMC7610849 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Materials patterned with high-aspect-ratio nanostructures have features on similar length scales to cellular components. These surfaces are an extreme topography on the cellular level and have become useful tools for perturbing and sensing the cellular environment. Motivation comes from the ability of high-aspect-ratio nanostructures to deliver cargoes into cells and tissues, access the intracellular environment, and control cell behavior. These structures directly perturb cells' ability to sense and respond to external forces, influencing cell fate, and enabling new mechanistic studies. Through careful design of their nanoscale structure, these systems act as biological metamaterials, eliciting unusual biological responses. While predominantly used to interface eukaryotic cells, there is growing interest in nonanimal and prokaryotic cell interfacing. Both experimental and theoretical studies have attempted to develop a mechanistic understanding for the observed behaviors, predominantly focusing on the cell-nanostructure interface. This review considers how high-aspect-ratio nanostructured surfaces are used to both stimulate and sense biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G. Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | | - Hyejeong Seong
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julia E. Sero
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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15
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Nguyen AK, Yang KH, Bryant K, Li J, Joice AC, Werbovetz KA, Narayan RJ. Microneedle-Based Delivery of Amphotericin B for Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:8. [PMID: 30617619 PMCID: PMC10357955 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current therapeutic options against cutaneous leishmaniasis are plagued by several weaknesses. The effective topical delivery of an antileishmanial drug would be useful in treating some forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Toward this end, a microneedle based delivery approach for the antileishmanial drug amphotericin B was investigated in murine models of both New World (Leishmania mexicana) and Old World (Leishmania major) infection. In the L. mexicana model, ten days of treatment began on day 35 post infection, when the area of nodules averaged 9-15 mm2. By the end of the experiment, a significant difference in nodule area was observed for all groups receiving topical amphotericin B at 25 mg/kg/day after application of microneedle arrays of 500, 750, and 1000 μM in nominal length compared to the group that received this dose of topical amphotericin B alone. In the L. major model, ten days of treatment began on day 21 post infection when nodule area averaged 51-65 mm2 in the groups. By the end of the experiment, there was no difference in nodule area between the group receiving 25 mg/kg of topical amphotericin B after microneedle application and any of the non-AmBisome groups. These results show the promise of topical delivery of amphotericin B via microneedles in treating relatively small nodules caused by L. mexicana. These data also show the limitations of the approach against a disseminated L. major infection. Further optimization of microneedle delivery is needed to fully exploit this strategy for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Nguyen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Box 7115, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7115, USA
| | - Kai-Hung Yang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Box 7115, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7115, USA
| | - Kelsey Bryant
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Junan Li
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - April C Joice
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Karl A Werbovetz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Box 7115, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7115, USA.
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16
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Akan R, Parfeniukas K, Vogt C, Toprak MS, Vogt U. Reaction control of metal-assisted chemical etching for silicon-based zone plate nanostructures. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12628-12634. [PMID: 35541233 PMCID: PMC9079411 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) reaction parameters were investigated for the fabrication of specially designed silicon-based X-ray zone plate nanostructures using a gold catalyst pattern and etching solutions composed of HF and H2O2. Etching depth, zone verticality and zone roughness were studied as a function of etching solution composition, temperature and processing time. Homogeneous, vertical etching with increasing depth is observed at increasing H2O2 concentrations and elevated processing temperatures, implying a balance in the hole injection and silica dissolution kinetics at the gold-silicon interface. The etching depth decreases and zone roughness increases at the highest investigated H2O2 concentration and temperature. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed based on reaction chemistry and zone plate design. Optimum MACE conditions are found at HF : H2O2 concentrations of 4.7 M : 0.68 M and room temperature with an etching rate of ≈0.7 μm min-1, which is about an order of magnitude higher than previous reports. Moreover, our results show that a grid catalyst design is important for successful fabrication of vertical high aspect ratio silicon nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Akan
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Albanova University Center 106 91 Stockholm Sweden +46 70 3880852
| | - Karolis Parfeniukas
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Albanova University Center 106 91 Stockholm Sweden +46 70 3880852
| | - Carmen Vogt
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Albanova University Center 106 91 Stockholm Sweden +46 70 3880852
| | - Muhammet S Toprak
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Albanova University Center 106 91 Stockholm Sweden +46 70 3880852
| | - Ulrich Vogt
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Albanova University Center 106 91 Stockholm Sweden +46 70 3880852
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17
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Firkowska-Boden I, Zhang X, Jandt KD. Controlling Protein Adsorption through Nanostructured Polymeric Surfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29193909 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The initial host response to healthcare materials' surfaces after implantation is the adsorption of proteins from blood and interstitial fluids. This adsorbed protein layer modulates the biological/cellular responses to healthcare materials. This stresses the significance of the surface protein assembly for the biocompatibility and functionality of biomaterials and necessitates a profound fundamental understanding of the capability to control protein-surface interactions. This review, therefore, addresses this by systematically analyzing and discussing strategies to control protein adsorption on polymeric healthcare materials through the introduction of specific surface nanostructures. Relevant proteins, healthcare materials' surface properties, clinical applications of polymer healthcare materials, fabrication methods for nanostructured polymer surfaces, amorphous, semicrystalline and block copolymers are considered with a special emphasis on the topographical control of protein adsorption. The review shows that nanostructured polymer surfaces are powerful tools to control the amount, orientation, and order of adsorbed protein layers. It also shows that the understanding of the biological responses to such ordered protein adsorption is still in its infancy, yet it has immense potential for future healthcare materials. The review, which is-as far as it is known-the first one discussing protein adsorption on nanostructured polymer surfaces, concludes with highlighting important current research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Firkowska-Boden
- Chair of Materials Science (CMS); Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Löbdergraben 32 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Chair of Materials Science (CMS); Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Löbdergraben 32 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Klaus D. Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science (CMS); Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Löbdergraben 32 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC); Neugasse 23 07743 Jena Germany
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18
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Abstract
In numerous pathologies, implantable drug delivery devices provide advantages over conventional oral or parenteral approaches. Based on the site of implantation and release characteristics, implants can afford either systemic delivery or local administration, whereby the drug is delivered at or near the site of intended action. Unfortunately, current implantable drug delivery systems provide limited options for intervention in the case of an adverse reaction to the drug or the need for dosage adjustment. In the event that drug delivery must be terminated, an urgent surgical retrieval may be the only reliable option. This could be a time sensitive and costly effort, requiring access to trained professionals and emergency medical facilities. To address such limitations, here we demonstrate, in vitro and ex vivo, a novel microsystem for the rapid and effective switch off of drug delivery from an implantable nanofluidic system, by applying a safe external electromagnetic field in the FDA approved dose range. This study represents a proof of concept for a technology with potential for broad applicability to reservoir-based delivery implants for both complete interruption or remote titration of drug administration.
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19
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Shi M, Xia L, Chen Z, Lv F, Zhu H, Wei F, Han S, Chang J, Xiao Y, Wu C. Europium-doped mesoporous silica nanosphere as an immune-modulating osteogenesis/angiogenesis agent. Biomaterials 2017; 144:176-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Dwyer JR, Harb M. Through a Window, Brightly: A Review of Selected Nanofabricated Thin-Film Platforms for Spectroscopy, Imaging, and Detection. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:2051-2075. [PMID: 28714316 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817715496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a review of the use of selected nanofabricated thin films to deliver a host of capabilities and insights spanning bioanalytical and biophysical chemistry, materials science, and fundamental molecular-level research. We discuss approaches where thin films have been vital, enabling experimental studies using a variety of optical spectroscopies across the visible and infrared spectral range, electron microscopies, and related techniques such as electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and single molecule sensing. We anchor this broad discussion by highlighting two particularly exciting exemplars: a thin-walled nanofluidic sample cell concept that has advanced the discovery horizons of ultrafast spectroscopy and of electron microscopy investigations of in-liquid samples; and a unique class of thin-film-based nanofluidic devices, designed around a nanopore, with expansive prospects for single molecule sensing. Free-standing, low-stress silicon nitride membranes are a canonical structural element for these applications, and we elucidate the fabrication and resulting features-including mechanical stability, optical properties, X-ray and electron scattering properties, and chemical nature-of this material in this format. We also outline design and performance principles and include a discussion of underlying material preparations and properties suitable for understanding the use of alternative thin-film materials such as graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Dwyer
- 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Maher Harb
- 2 Department of Physics and Materials, Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Zilony N, Rosenberg M, Holtzman L, Schori H, Shefi O, Segal E. Prolonged controlled delivery of nerve growth factor using porous silicon nanostructures. J Control Release 2017; 257:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Croissant JG, Fatieiev Y, Khashab NM. Degradability and Clearance of Silicon, Organosilica, Silsesquioxane, Silica Mixed Oxide, and Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604634. [PMID: 28084658 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The biorelated degradability and clearance of siliceous nanomaterials have been questioned worldwide, since they are crucial prerequisites for the successful translation in clinics. Typically, the degradability and biocompatibility of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been an ongoing discussion in research circles. The reason for such a concern is that approved pharmaceutical products must not accumulate in the human body, to prevent severe and unpredictable side-effects. Here, the biorelated degradability and clearance of silicon and silica nanoparticles (NPs) are comprehensively summarized. The influence of the size, morphology, surface area, pore size, and surface functional groups, to name a few, on the degradability of silicon and silica NPs is described. The noncovalent organic doping of silica and the covalent incorporation of either hydrolytically stable or redox- and enzymatically cleavable silsesquioxanes is then described for organosilica, bridged silsesquioxane (BS), and periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) NPs. Inorganically doped silica particles such as calcium-, iron-, manganese-, and zirconium-doped NPs, also have radically different hydrolytic stabilities. To conclude, the degradability and clearance timelines of various siliceous nanomaterials are compared and it is highlighted that researchers can select a specific nanomaterial in this large family according to the targeted applications and the required clearance kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas G Croissant
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yevhen Fatieiev
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang X, Brodus D, Hollimon V, Hu H. A brief review of recent developments in the designs that prevent bio-fouling on silicon and silicon-based materials. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:18. [PMID: 28261323 PMCID: PMC5318316 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon and silicon-based materials are essential to our daily life. They are widely used in healthcare and manufacturing. However, silicon and silicon-based materials are susceptible to bio-fouling, which is of great concern in numerous applications. To date, interdisciplinary research in surface science, polymer science, biology, and engineering has led to the implementation of antifouling strategies for silicon-based materials. However, a review to discuss those antifouling strategies for silicon-based materials is lacking. In this article, we summarized two major approaches involving the functionalization of silicon and silicon-based materials with molecules exhibiting antifouling properties, and the fabrication of silicon-based materials with nano- or micro-structures. Both approaches lead to a significant reduction in bio-fouling. We critically reviewed the designs that prevent fouling due to proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms on silicon and silicon-based materials. Graphical abstractStrategies used in the designs that prevent bio-fouling on silicon and silicon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, Sciences and Technology, Paine College, 1235 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA 30901 USA
| | - DaShan Brodus
- Department of Mathematics, Sciences and Technology, Paine College, 1235 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA 30901 USA
| | - Valerie Hollimon
- Department of Mathematics, Sciences and Technology, Paine College, 1235 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA 30901 USA
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316021 China
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Rea I, Terracciano M, De Stefano L. Synthetic vs Natural: Diatoms Bioderived Porous Materials for the Next Generation of Healthcare Nanodevices. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28026914 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured porous materials promise a next generation of innovative devices for healthcare and biomedical applications. The fabrication of such materials generally requires complex synthesis procedures, not always available in laboratories or sustainable in industries, and has adverse environmental impact. Nanosized porous materials can also be obtained from natural resources, which are an attractive alternative approach to man-made fabrication. Biogenic nanoporous silica from diatoms, and diatomaceous earths, constitutes largely available, low-cost reservoir of mesoporous nanodevices that can be engineered for theranostic applications, ranging from subcellular imaging to drug delivery. In this progress report, main experiences on nature-derived nanoparticles with healthcare and biomedical functionalities are reviewed and critically analyzed in search of a new collection of biocompatible porous nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Rea
- Via P. Castellino 111 Napoli 80131 Italy
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25
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Abstract
Nanostructures have been widely involved in changes in the drug delivery system. Nanoparticles have unique physicochemical properties, e.g., ultrasmall size, large surface area, and the ability to target specific actions. Various nanomaterials, like Ag, ZnO, Cu/CuO, and Al2O3, have antimicrobial activity. Basically, six mechanisms are involved in the production of antimicrobial activity, i.e., (1) destruction of the peptidoglycan layer, (2) release of toxic metal ions, (3) alteration of cellular pH via proton efflux pumps, (4) generation of reactive oxygen species, (5) damage of nuclear materials, and (6) loss of ATP production. Nanomedicine contributes to various pharmaceutical applications, like diagnosis and treatment of various ailments including microbial diseases. Furthermore, nanostructured antimicrobial agents are also involved in the treatment of the neuroinfections associated with neurodegenerative disorders. This chapter focuses on the nanostructure and nanomedicine of antimicrobial agents and their prospects for the possible management of infections associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Dwyer JR, Bandara YMNDY, Whelan JC, Karawdeniya BI, Nichols JW. Silicon Nitride Thin Films for Nanofluidic Device Fabrication. NANOFLUIDICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735230-00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nitride is a ubiquitous and well-established nanofabrication material with a host of favourable properties for creating nanofluidic devices with a range of compelling designs that offer extraordinary discovery potential. Nanochannels formed between two thin silicon nitride windows can open up vistas for exploration by freeing transmission electron microscopy to interrogate static structures and structural dynamics in liquid-based samples. Nanopores present a strikingly different architecture—nanofluidic channels through a silicon nitride membrane—and are one of the most promising tools to emerge in biophysics and bioanalysis, offering outstanding capabilities for single molecule sensing. The constrained environments in such nanofluidic devices make surface chemistry a vital design and performance consideration. Silicon nitride has a rich and complex surface chemistry that, while too often formidable, can be tamed with new, robust surface functionalization approaches. We will explore how a simple structural element—a ∼100 nm-thick silicon nitride window—can be used to fabricate devices to wrest unprecedented insights from the nanoscale world. We will detail the intricacies of native silicon nitride surface chemistry, present surface chemical modification routes that leverage the richness of available surface moieties, and examine the effect of engineered chemical surface functionality on nanofluidic device character and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Dwyer
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Chemistry Kingston RI 02881 USA
| | | | - J. C. Whelan
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Chemistry Kingston RI 02881 USA
| | - B. I. Karawdeniya
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Chemistry Kingston RI 02881 USA
| | - J. W. Nichols
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Chemistry Kingston RI 02881 USA
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Jang J, Lee J, Jang JH, Choi H. A Triboelectric-Based Artificial Basilar Membrane to Mimic Cochlear Tonotopy. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2481-2487. [PMID: 27276094 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A triboelectric-based artificial basilar membrane (TEABM) can mimic cochlear tonotopy by triboelectrification between Kapton film and aluminum foil. The two films are stacked and clamped to form a beam structure. The TEABM tonotopy is tested using an animal model to verify the feasibility of a self-powered acoustic sensor for a prototype cochlear implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmoon Jang
- Department of Robotics Engineering; DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center; Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST); 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon Dalseong-Gun Daegu 711-873 Republic of Korea
| | - JangWoo Lee
- Department of Robotics Engineering; DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center; Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST); 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon Dalseong-Gun Daegu 711-873 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Jang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; 680, Gukchaebosang-ro Jung-gu Daegu 700-721 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics Engineering; DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center; Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST); 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon Dalseong-Gun Daegu 711-873 Republic of Korea
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28
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Kašpar O, Zhang H, Tokárová V, Boysen RI, Suñé GR, Borrise X, Perez-Murano F, Hearn MTW, Nicolau DV. Confinement of water droplets on rectangular micro/nano-arrayed surfaces. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2487-2493. [PMID: 27270705 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00622a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Micro-patterned surfaces with alternate hydrophilic and hydrophobic rectangular areas effectively confine water droplets down to attolitre volumes. The contact angle, volume, and geometry of the confined droplets as a function of the geometry and physico-chemical properties of the confining surfaces have been determined by phenomenological simulations, validated by atomic force microscopy measurements. The combination between experiments and simulations can be used for the purposeful design of arrays with surface-addressable hydrophobicity employed in digital microfluidics and high-throughput screening nanoarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Kašpar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada.
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Cheah WK, Ishikawa K, Othman R, Yeoh FY. Nanoporous biomaterials for uremic toxin adsorption in artificial kidney systems: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1232-1240. [PMID: 26913694 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemodialysis, one of the earliest artificial kidney systems, removes uremic toxins via diffusion through a semipermeable porous membrane into the dialysate fluid. Miniaturization of the present hemodialysis system into a portable and wearable device to maintain continuous removal of uremic toxins would require that the amount of dialysate used within a closed-system is greatly reduced. Diffused uremic toxins within a closed-system dialysate need to be removed to maintain the optimum concentration gradient for continuous uremic toxin removal by the dialyzer. In this dialysate regenerative system, adsorption of uremic toxins by nanoporous biomaterials is essential. Throughout the years of artificial kidney development, activated carbon has been identified as a potential adsorbent for uremic toxins. Adsorption of uremic toxins necessitates nanoporous biomaterials, especially activated carbon. Nanoporous biomaterials are also utilized in hemoperfusion for uremic toxin removal. Further miniaturization of artificial kidney system and improvements on uremic toxin adsorption capacity would require high performance nanoporous biomaterials which possess not only higher surface area, controlled pore size, but also designed architecture or structure and surface functional groups. This article reviews on various nanoporous biomaterials used in current artificial kidney systems and several emerging nanoporous biomaterials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1232-1240, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee-Keat Cheah
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Nishi Ward, Japan
| | - Radzali Othman
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.,Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100n, Durian Tunggal, Malacca, Malaysia
| | - Fei-Yee Yeoh
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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30
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Application of reference point indentation for micro-mechanical surface characterization of calcium silicate based dental materials. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Torras N, Agusil JP, Vázquez P, Duch M, Hernández-Pinto AM, Samitier J, de la Rosa EJ, Esteve J, Suárez T, Pérez-García L, Plaza JA. Suspended Planar-Array Chips for Molecular Multiplexing at the Microscale. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1449-1454. [PMID: 26649987 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel suspended planar-array chips technology is described, which effectively allows molecular multiplexing using a single suspended chip to analyze extraordinarily small volumes. The suspended chips are fabricated by combining silicon-based technology and polymer-pen lithography, obtaining increased molecular pattern flexibility, and improving miniaturization and parallel production. The chip miniaturization is so dramatic that it permits the intracellular analysis of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Torras
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Agusil
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), C/Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Patricia Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Marta Duch
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | | | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), C/Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Department d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/María de Luna 11, Edificio CEEI, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Enrique J de la Rosa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jaume Esteve
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Teresa Suárez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- Departament de Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - José A Plaza
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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33
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Granitzer P, Rumpf K, Gonzalez-Rodriguez R, Coffer JL, Reissner M. The effect of nanocrystalline silicon host on magnetic properties of encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:20220-6. [PMID: 26575478 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05232g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is a detailed comparison of the fundamental magnetic properties of nanocomposite systems consisting of Fe3O4 nanoparticle-loaded porous silicon as well as silicon nanotubes. Such composite structures are of potential merit in the area of magnetically guided drug delivery. For magnetic systems to be utilized in biomedical applications, there are certain magnetic properties that must be fulfilled. Therefore magnetic properties of embedded Fe3O4-nanoparticles in these nanostructured silicon host matrices, porous silicon and silicon nanotubes, are investigated. Temperature-dependent magnetic investigations have been carried out for four types of iron oxide particle sizes (4, 5, 8 and 10 nm). The silicon host, in interplay with the iron oxide nanoparticle size, plays a sensitive role. It is shown that Fe3O4 loaded porous silicon and SiNTs differ significantly in their magnetic behavior, especially the transition between superparamagnetic behavior and blocked state, due to host morphology-dependent magnetic interactions. Importantly, it is found that all investigated samples meet the magnetic precondition of possible biomedical applications of exhibiting a negligible magnetic remanence at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Granitzer
- Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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34
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Yazdi IK, Ziemys A, Evangelopoulos M, Martinez JO, Kojic M, Tasciotti E. Physicochemical properties affect the synthesis, controlled delivery, degradation and pharmacokinetics of inorganic nanoporous materials. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:3057-3075. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling size, shape and uniformity of porous constructs remains a major focus of the development of porous materials. Over the past two decades, we have seen significant developments in the fabrication of new, porous-ordered structures using a wide range of materials, resulting in properties well beyond their traditional use. Porous materials have been considered appealing, due to attractive properties such as pore size length, morphology and surface chemistry. Furthermore, their utilization within the life sciences and medicine has resulted in significant developments in pharmaceutics and medical diagnosis. This article focuses on various classes of porous materials, providing an overview of principle concepts with regard to design and fabrication, surface chemistry and loading and release kinetics. Furthermore, predictions from a multiscale mathematical model revealed the role pore length and diameter could have on payload release kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman K Yazdi
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Arturas Ziemys
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan O Martinez
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Milos Kojic
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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35
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Impedance characterization, degradation, and in vitro biocompatibility for platinum electrodes on BioMEMS. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:24. [PMID: 25663443 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fine control of molecular transport through microfluidic systems can be obtained by modulation of an applied electrical field across channels with the use of electrodes. In BioMEMS designed for biological fluids and in vivo applications, electrodes must be biocompatible, biorobust and stable. In this work, the analysis and characterization of platinum (Pt) electrodes integrated on silicon substrates for biomedical applications are presented. Electrodes were incorporated on the surface of silicon chips by adhesion of laminated Pt foils or deposited at 30°, 45° or 90° angle by e-beam or physical vapor (sputtering) methods. Electrical and physical properties of the electrodes were quantified and evaluated using electrical impedance spectroscopy and modelling of the electrode-electrolyte interfaces. Electrode degradation in saline solution at pH 7.4 was tested at room temperature and under accelerated conditions (90 °C), both in the presence and absence of an applied electrical potential. Degradation was quantified using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Biocompatibility was assessed by MTT proliferation assay with human dermal fibroblasts. Results demonstrated that the deposited electrodes were biocompatible with negligible material degradation and exhibited electrochemical behavior similar to Pt foils, especially for e-beam deposited electrodes. Finally, Pt electrodes e-beam deposited on silicon nanofabricated nanochannel membranes were evaluated for controlled drug delivery applications. By tuning a low applied electrical potential (<1.5 VDC) to the electrodes, temporal modulation of the dendritic fullerene 1 (DF-1) release from a source reservoir was successfully achieved as a proof of concept, highlighting the potential of deposited electrodes in biomedical applications.
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36
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Alba M, Delalat B, Formentín P, Rogers ML, Marsal LF, Voelcker NH. Silica Nanopills for Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4626-4631. [PMID: 26097092 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional SiO2 microtubes for targeted drug delivery are produced with precise control over shape and size by combining lithography and electrochemical etching. The hollow core is loaded with a lipophilic anticancer drug generating nanopills and an antibody is conjugated to the external surface for cancer cell targeting. Results demonstrate selective killing of neuroblastoma cells that express the cognate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alba
- Departament d'Enginyeria ElectrònicaElèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Bahman Delalat
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d'Enginyeria ElectrònicaElèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Mary-Louise Rogers
- Department of Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria ElectrònicaElèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5001, Australia
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Geninatti T, Hood RL, Bruno G, Jain P, Nicolov E, Ziemys A, Grattoni A. Sustained Administration of Hormones Exploiting Nanoconfined Diffusion through Nanochannel Membranes. MATERIALS 2015; 8:5276-5288. [PMID: 27293533 PMCID: PMC4898476 DOI: 10.3390/ma8085241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Implantable devices may provide a superior means for hormone delivery through maintaining serum levels within target therapeutic windows. Zero-order administration has been shown to reach an equilibrium with metabolic clearance, resulting in a constant serum concentration and bioavailability of released hormones. By exploiting surface-to-molecule interaction within nanochannel membranes, it is possible to achieve a long-term, constant diffusive release of agents from implantable reservoirs. In this study, we sought to demonstrate the controlled release of model hormones from a novel nanochannel system. We investigated the delivery of hormones through our nanochannel membrane over a period of 40 days. Levothyroxine, osteocalcin and testosterone were selected as representative hormones based on their different molecular properties and structures. The release mechanisms and transport behaviors of these hormones within 3, 5 and 40 nm channels were characterized. Results further supported the suitability of the nanochannels for sustained administration from implantable platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Geninatti
- Nanomedicine Department, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (R.L.H.); (P.J.); (E.N.); (A.Z.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; E-Mail:
| | - R. Lyle Hood
- Nanomedicine Department, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (R.L.H.); (P.J.); (E.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Giacomo Bruno
- Nanomedicine Department, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (R.L.H.); (P.J.); (E.N.); (A.Z.)
- Electronics and Telecommunications Department, Politecnico di Torino, Turin 10024, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Priya Jain
- Nanomedicine Department, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (R.L.H.); (P.J.); (E.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Eugenia Nicolov
- Nanomedicine Department, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (R.L.H.); (P.J.); (E.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Arturas Ziemys
- Nanomedicine Department, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (R.L.H.); (P.J.); (E.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Nanomedicine Department, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (R.L.H.); (P.J.); (E.N.); (A.Z.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-713-441-7324; Fax: +1-713-441-3655
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38
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Zimmerman JF, Murray GF, Wang Y, Jumper JM, Austin JR, Tian B. Free-Standing Kinked Silicon Nanowires for Probing Inter- and Intracellular Force Dynamics. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5492-8. [PMID: 26192816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have emerged as a new class of materials with important applications in biology and medicine with current efforts having focused primarily on using substrate bound SiNW devices. However, developing devices capable of free-standing inter- and intracellular operation is an important next step in designing new synthetic cellular materials and tools for biophysical characterization. To demonstrate this, here we show that label free SiNWs can be internalized in multiple cell lines, forming robust cytoskeletal interfaces, and when kinked can serve as free-standing inter- and intracellular force probes capable of continuous extended (>1 h) force monitoring. Our results show that intercellular interactions exhibit ratcheting like behavior with force peaks of ∼69.6 pN/SiNW, while intracellular force peaks of ∼116.9 pN/SiNW were recorded during smooth muscle contraction. To accomplish this, we have introduced a simple single-capture dark-field/phase contrast optical imaging modality, scatter enhanced phase contrast (SEPC), which enables the simultaneous visualization of both cellular components and inorganic nanostructures. This approach demonstrates that rationally designed devices capable of substrate-independent operation are achievable, providing a simple and scalable method for continuous inter- and intracellular force dynamics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Zimmerman
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and §The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Graeme F Murray
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and §The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yucai Wang
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and §The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John M Jumper
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and §The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jotham R Austin
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and §The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bozhi Tian
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and §The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated gene and siRNA delivery has been an appealing area to gene therapists when they attempt to treat the diseases by manipulating the genetic information in the target cells. However, the advances in materials science could not keep up with the demand for multifunctional nanomaterials to achieve desired delivery efficiency. Researchers have thus taken an alternative approach to incorporate various materials into single composite nanoparticle using different fabrication methods. This approach allows nanoparticles to possess defined nanostructures as well as multiple functionalities to overcome the critical extracellular and intracellular barriers to successful gene delivery. This chapter will highlight the advances of fabrication methods that have the most potential to translate nanoparticles from bench to bedside. Furthermore, a major class of composite nanoparticle-lipid-based composite nanoparticles will be classified based on the components and reviewed in details.
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Kim JE, Kim H, An SSA, Maeng EH, Kim MK, Song YJ. In vitro cytotoxicity of SiO2 or ZnO nanoparticles with different sizes and surface charges on U373MG human glioblastoma cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 2:235-41. [PMID: 25565841 PMCID: PMC4279773 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s57936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are widely used in various applications, raising issues regarding the possible adverse effects of these metal oxide nanoparticles on human cells. In this study, we determined the cytotoxic effects of differently charged SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles, with mean sizes of either 100 or 20 nm, on the U373MG human glioblastoma cell line. The overall cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles against U373MG cells was significantly higher than that of SiO2 nanoparticles. Neither the size nor the surface charge of the ZnO nanoparticles affected their cytotoxicity against U373MG cells. The 20 nm SiO2 nanoparticles were more toxic than the 100 nm nanoparticles against U373MG cells, but the surface charge had little or no effect on their cytotoxicity. Both SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles activated caspase-3 and induced DNA fragmentation in U373MG cells, suggesting the induction of apoptosis. Thus, SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles appear to exert cytotoxic effects against U373MG cells, possibly via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | - Eun Ho Maeng
- Korea Testing and Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Meyoung-Kon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Jae Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
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Alba M, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. pH-responsive drug delivery system based on hollow silicon dioxide micropillars coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:411. [PMID: 25221455 PMCID: PMC4151279 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayer-coated hollow silicon dioxide micropillars as pH-responsive drug delivery systems. Silicon dioxide micropillars are based on macroporous silicon formed by electrochemical etching. Due to their hollow core capable of being loaded with chemically active agents, silicon dioxide micropillars provide additional function such as drug delivery system. The polyelectrolyte multilayer was assembled by the layer-by-layer technique based on the alternative deposition of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes. The polyelectrolyte pair poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) exhibited pH-responsive properties for the loading and release of a positively charged drug doxorubicin. The drug release rate was observed to be higher at pH 5.2 compared to that at pH 7.4. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of the number of polyelectrolyte bilayers on the drug release loading and release rate. Thus, this hybrid composite could be potentially applicable as a pH-controlled system for localized drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alba
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Whelan JC, Karawdeniya BI, Bandara YMNDY, Velleco BD, Masterson CM, Dwyer JR. Electroless plating of thin gold films directly onto silicon nitride thin films and into micropores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:10952-10957. [PMID: 24999923 DOI: 10.1021/am501971n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A method to directly electrolessly plate silicon-rich silicon nitride with thin gold films was developed and characterized. Films with thicknesses <100 nm were grown at 3 and 10 °C between 0.5 and 3 h, with mean grain sizes between ∼20 and 30 nm. The method is compatible with plating free-standing ultrathin silicon nitride membranes, and we successfully plated the interior walls of micropore arrays in 200 nm thick silicon nitride membranes. The method is thus amenable to coating planar, curved, and line-of-sight-obscured silicon nitride surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Whelan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island , 51 Lower College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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Yazdi IK, Murphy MB, Loo C, Liu X, Ferrari M, Weiner BK, Tasciotti E. Cefazolin-loaded mesoporous silicon microparticles show sustained bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus. J Tissue Eng 2014; 5:2041731414536573. [PMID: 24904728 PMCID: PMC4046808 DOI: 10.1177/2041731414536573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cefazolin is an antibiotic frequently used in preoperative prophylaxis of orthopedic surgery and to fight secondary infections post-operatively. Although its systemic delivery in a bulk or bolus dose is usually effective, the local and controlled release can increase its effectiveness by lowering dosages, minimizing total drug exposure, abating the development of antibiotic resistance and avoiding the cytotoxic effect. A delivery system based on mesoporous silicon microparticles was developed that is capable of efficiently loading and continuously releasing cefazolin over several days. The in vitro release kinetics from mesoporous silicon microparticles with three different nanopore sizes was evaluated, and minimal inhibitory concentration of cefazolin necessary to eliminate a culture of Staphylococcus aureus was identified to be 250 µg/mL. A milder toxicity toward mesenchymal stem cells was observed from mesoporous silicon microparticles over a 7-day period. Medium pore size-loaded mesoporous silicon microparticles exhibited long-lasting bactericidal properties in a zone inhibition assay while they were able to kill all the bacteria growing in suspension cultures within 24 h. This study demonstrates that the sustained release of cefazolin from mesoporous silicon microparticles provides immediate and long-term control over bacterial growth both in suspension and adhesion while causing minimal toxicity to a population of mesenchymal stem cell. Mesoporous silicon microparticles offer significant advantageous properties for drug delivery applications in tissue engineering as it favorably extends drug bioavailability and stability, while reducing concomitant cytotoxicity to the surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman K Yazdi
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew B Murphy
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Loo
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bradley K Weiner
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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Zimmerman J, Parameswaran R, Tian B. Nanoscale Semiconductor Devices as New Biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:619-626. [PMID: 27213041 PMCID: PMC4874554 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Research on nanoscale semiconductor devices will elicit a novel understanding of biological systems. First, we discuss why it is necessary to build interfaces between cells and semiconductor nanoelectronics. Second, we describe some recent molecular biophysics studies with nanowire field effect transistor sensors. Third, we present the use of nanowire transistors as electrical recording devices that can be integrated into synthetic tissues and targeted intra- or extracellularly to study single cells. Lastly, we discuss future directions and challenges in further developing this area of research, which will advance biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Ramya Parameswaran
- Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Zhu Y, Soeriyadi AH, Parker SG, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Chemical patterning on preformed porous silicon photonic crystals: towards multiplex detection of protease activity at precise positions†Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: SEM images, XPS result and more optical reflectivity data. See DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00281dClick here for additional data file. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3582-3588. [PMID: 24910774 PMCID: PMC4047838 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00281d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon rugate filters were chemically patterned with biomolecules and used for multiplex detection of protease activity at precise positions.
Porous silicon (PSi) rugate filters modified with alkyne-terminated monolayers were chemically patterned using a combination of photolithography of photoresist and click chemistry. Two chemical functionalities were obtained by conjugating, via click reactions, ethylene glycol moieties containing two different terminal groups to discrete areas towards the exterior of a PSi rugate filter. The patterning of biological species to the functionalized surface was demonstrated through the conjugation of fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA). Fluorescence microscopy showed selective positioning of FITC-BSA at discretely functionalized areas. Meanwhile, the optical information from precisely defined positions on the patterned surface was monitored by optical reflectivity measurements. The optical measurements revealed successful step-wise chemical functionalization followed by immobilization of gelatin. Multiplex detection of protease activity from different array elements on the patterned surface was demonstrated by monitoring the blue shifts in the reflectivity spectra resulted from the digestion of gelatin by subtilisin. Precise information from both individual elements and average population was acquired. This technique is important for the development of PSi into a microarray platform for highly parallel biosensing applications, especially for cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- School of Chemistry and the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia .
| | - Alexander H Soeriyadi
- School of Chemistry and the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia .
| | - Stephen G Parker
- School of Chemistry and the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia .
| | - Peter J Reece
- School of Physics , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry and the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia .
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Wong K, Boone TB, Wong STC, Munoz A. Functional brain interactions during reflexive micturition are absent from spinal cord injured rats with neurogenic bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 2014; 34:469-74. [PMID: 24668445 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The micturition reflex is initiated by urinary bladder distension triggering afferent pathways and activation of specific brain centers for controlling urine storage and release. We evaluated brain activation patterns using blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during reflexive micturition in normal and spinal cord injury (SCI) rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley female rats, either intact or with complete spinal cord transection, were anesthetized with urethane for simultaneous isovolumetric cystometry (CMG) and fMRI evaluations. A 9.4-Tesla MRI system with a 4-elements receiver array and a quadrature volume transmit coil was used to maximize the sensitivity detection. Gradient echo-planar imaging (EPI) was used to evaluate brain activation during CMG compared to the empty bladder condition. Group analysis was conducted with a cluster threshold of Z > 2.5 and significance threshold of P = 0.05. RESULTS The amplitude of bladder contractions was 10-fold higher in control rats and inter-contractile intervals were significantly shorter in SCI rats, indicative of neurogenic overactivity. Group analysis in intact rats showed both known and novel activation patterns in hippocampus, dentate gyrus, ectorhinal cortex, thalamic nucleus, septal nucleus, primary and secondary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and the periaqueductal gray matter. SCI rats did not exceed the Z-threshold during CMG. CONCLUSIONS We standardized a suitable urodynamic protocol to study supraspinal activation during reflexive micturition using simultaneous CMG/fMRI with high spatial resolution. Small contractions in SCI rats may be caused by increased excitability of afferent pathways without brain activation. Our results represent the first fMRI study in SCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, TT & WF Chao Center for BRAIN, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.,Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy B Boone
- Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.,Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs-Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, TT & WF Chao Center for BRAIN, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.,Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neurology, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Alvaro Munoz
- Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
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Giselbrecht S, Rapp BE, Niemeyer CM. Chemie der Cyborgs - zur Verknüpfung technischer Systeme mit Lebewesen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Giselbrecht S, Rapp BE, Niemeyer CM. The chemistry of cyborgs--interfacing technical devices with organisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13942-57. [PMID: 24288270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The term "cyborg" refers to a cybernetic organism, which characterizes the chimera of a living organism and a machine. Owing to the widespread application of intracorporeal medical devices, cyborgs are no longer exclusively a subject of science fiction novels, but technically they already exist in our society. In this review, we briefly summarize the development of modern prosthetics and the evolution of brain-machine interfaces, and discuss the latest technical developments of implantable devices, in particular, biocompatible integrated electronics and microfluidics used for communication and control of living organisms. Recent examples of animal cyborgs and their relevance to fundamental and applied biomedical research and bioethics in this novel and exciting field at the crossroads of chemistry, biomedicine, and the engineering sciences are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Giselbrecht
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany)
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