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Nam S, Lou J, Lee S, Kartenbender JM, Mooney DJ. Dynamic injectable tissue adhesives with strong adhesion and rapid self-healing for regeneration of large muscle injury. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122597. [PMID: 38696944 PMCID: PMC11144078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Wounds often necessitate the use of instructive biomaterials to facilitate effective healing. Yet, consistently filling the wound and retaining the material in place presents notable challenges. Here, we develop a new class of injectable tissue adhesives by leveraging the dynamic crosslinking chemistry of Schiff base reactions. These adhesives demonstrate outstanding mechanical properties, especially in regard to stretchability and self-healing capacity, and biodegradability. Furthermore, they also form robust adhesion to biological tissues. Their therapeutic potential was evaluated in a rodent model of volumetric muscle loss (VML). Ultrasound imaging confirmed that the adhesives remained within the wound site, effectively filled the void, and degraded at a rate comparable to the healing process. Histological analysis indicated that the adhesives facilitated muscle fiber and blood vessel formation, and induced anti-inflammatory macrophages. Notably, the injured muscles of mice treated with the adhesives displayed increased weight and higher force generation than the control groups. This approach to adhesive design paves the way for the next generation of medical adhesives in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Nam
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Junzhe Lou
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sangmin Lee
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jan-Marc Kartenbender
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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2
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Yan X, Huang H, Bakry AM, Wu W, Liu X, Liu F. Advances in enhancing the mechanical properties of biopolymer hydrogels via multi-strategic approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132583. [PMID: 38795882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The limited mechanical properties of biopolymer-based hydrogels have hindered their widespread applications in biomedicine and tissue engineering. In recent years, researchers have shown significant interest in developing novel approaches to enhance the mechanical performance of hydrogels. This review focuses on key strategies for enhancing mechanical properties of hydrogels, including dual-crosslinking, double networks, and nanocomposite hydrogels, with a comprehensive analysis of their underlying mechanisms, benefits, and limitations. It also introduces the classic application scenarios of biopolymer-based hydrogels and the direction of future research efforts, including wound dressings and tissue engineering based on 3D bioprinting. This review is expected to deepen the understanding of the structure-mechanical performance-function relationship of hydrogels and guide the further study of their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hechun Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Amr M Bakry
- Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley, El-Kharga 72511, Egypt
| | - Wanqiang Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Li J, Lu X, Weng M, Wang Y, Tang J, Xu Q, Zhang L, Bai J. Promoting tissue repair using deferoxamine nanoparticles loaded biomimetic gelatin/HA composite hydrogel. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:045009. [PMID: 38697149 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad46ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
To effectively address underlying issues and enhance the healing process of hard-to-treat soft tissue defects, innovative therapeutic approaches are required. One promising strategy involves the incorporation of bioactive substances into biodegradable scaffolds to facilitate synergistic tissue regeneration, particularly in vascular regeneration. In this study, we introduce a composite hydrogel design that mimics the extracellular matrix by covalently combining gelatin and hyaluronic acid (HA), with the encapsulation of deferoxamine nanoparticles (DFO NPs) for potential tissue regeneration applications. Crosslinked hydrogels were fabricated by controlling the ratio of HA in the gelatin-based hydrogels, resulting in improved mechanical properties, enhanced degradation ability, and optimised porosity, compared with hydrogel formed by gelatin alone. The DFO NPs, synthesized using a double emulsion method with poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide acid), exhibited a sustained release of DFO over 12 d. Encapsulating the DFO NPs in the hydrogel enabled controlled release over 15 d. The DFO NPs, composite hydrogel, and the DFO NPs loaded hydrogel exhibited excellent cytocompatibility and promoted cell proliferationin vitro. Subcutaneous implantation of the composite hydrogel and the DFO NPs loaded hydrogel demonstrated biodegradability, tissue integration, and no obvious adverse effects, evidenced by histological analysis. Furthermore, the DFO NPs loaded composite hydrogel exhibited accelerated wound closure and promoted neovascularisation and granular formation when tested in an excisional skin wound model in mice. These findings highlight the potential of our composite hydrogel system for promoting the faster healing of diabetes-induced skin wounds and oral lesions through its ability to modulate tissue regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Stomatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Nursing, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjia Weng
- Department of Stomatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Nursing, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Nursing, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Bai
- Department of Nursing, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Zha X, Liu G, Zhao H, Liu X, Zha L. Injectable extracellular matrix-mimetic hydrogel based on electrospun Janus fibers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1944-1956. [PMID: 38345779 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01789c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
To date, the reported injectable hydrogels have failed to mimic the fibrous architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM), limiting their biological effects on cell growth and phenotype. Additionally, they lack the micro-sized pores present within the ECM, which is unfavorable for the facile transport of nutrients and waste. Herein, an injectable ECM-mimetic hydrogel (IEMH) was fabricated by shortening and dispersing Janus fibers capable of self-curling at body temperature into pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution. The IEMH could be massively prepared through a side-by-side electrospinning process combined with ultraviolet irradiation. The IEMHs with only 5 wt% fibers could undergo sol-gel transition at body temperature to become solid gels with desirable stability, sturdiness, and elasticity and self-healing ability. In addition, they possessed notable pseudoplasticity, which is beneficial to injection at room temperature. The results obtained from characterization analysis via scanning electron microscopy, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicate that their sol-gel transition under physiological conditions stems from the synergistic action of the tight entanglements between thermally-induced self-curling fibers and the hydrophobic interaction between the fibers. An MTT assay using C2C12 myoblast cells was performed to examine the in vitro cytotoxicity of IEMHs for biomedical applications, and the cell viability was found to be more than 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xiaolong Zha
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Gengxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Huipeng Zhao
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Liusheng Zha
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Degirmenci A, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Metal-Free Click-Chemistry: A Powerful Tool for Fabricating Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:433-452. [PMID: 38516745 PMCID: PMC11036366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the utilization of hydrogels in various areas of biomedical sciences ranging from biosensing and drug delivery to tissue engineering has necessitated the synthesis of these materials using efficient and benign chemical transformations. In this regard, the advent of "click" chemistry revolutionized the design of hydrogels and a range of efficient reactions was utilized to obtain hydrogels with increased control over their physicochemical properties. The ability to apply the "click" chemistry paradigm to both synthetic and natural polymers as hydrogel precursors further expanded the utility of this chemistry in network formation. In particular, the ability to integrate clickable handles at predetermined locations in polymeric components enables the formation of well-defined networks. Although, in the early years of "click" chemistry, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was widely employed, recent years have focused on the use of metal-free "click" transformations, since residual metal impurities may interfere with or compromise the biological function of such materials. Furthermore, many of the non-metal-catalyzed "click" transformations enable the fabrication of injectable hydrogels, as well as the fabrication of microstructured gels using spatial and temporal control. This review article summarizes the recent advances in the fabrication of hydrogels using various metal-free "click" reactions and highlights the applications of thus obtained materials. One could envision that the use of these versatile metal-free "click" reactions would continue to revolutionize the design of functional hydrogels geared to address unmet needs in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
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6
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Lin CC, Frahm E, Afolabi FO. Orthogonally Crosslinked Gelatin-Norbornene Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300371. [PMID: 37748778 PMCID: PMC10922053 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The thiol-norbornene photo-click reaction has exceptionally fast crosslinking efficiency compared with chain-growth polymerization at equivalent macromer contents. The orthogonal reactivity between norbornene and thiol/tetrazine permits crosslinking of synthetic and naturally derived macromolecules with modularity, including poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-norbornene (PEGNB), gelatin-norbornene (GelNB), among others. For example, collagen-derived gelatin contains both cell adhesive motifs (e.g., Arg-Gly-Asp or RGD) and protease-labile sequences, making it an ideal macromer for forming cell-laden hydrogels. First reported in 2014, GelNB is increasingly used in orthogonal crosslinking of biomimetic matrices in various applications. GelNB can be crosslinked into hydrogels using multi-functional thiol linkers (e.g., dithiothreitol (DTT) or PEG-tetra-thiol (PEG4SH) via visible light or longwave ultraviolet (UV) light step-growth thiol-norbornene reaction or through an enzyme-mediated crosslinking (i.e., horseradish peroxidase, HRP). GelNB-based hydrogels can also be modularly crosslinked with tetrazine-bearing macromers via inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) click reaction. This review surveys the various methods for preparing GelNB macromers, the crosslinking mechanisms of GelNB-based hydrogels, and their applications in cell and tissue engineering, including crosslinking of dynamic matrices, disease modeling, and tissue regeneration, delivery of therapeutics, as well as bioprinting and biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN. 46202. USA
| | - Ellen Frahm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN. 46202. USA
| | - Favor O. Afolabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN. 46202. USA
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Perez-Araluce M, Jüngst T, Sanmartin C, Prosper F, Plano D, Mazo MM. Biomaterials-Based Antioxidant Strategies for the Treatment of Oxidative Stress Diseases. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:23. [PMID: 38248597 PMCID: PMC10813727 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is characterized by an increase in reactive oxygen species or a decrease in antioxidants in the body. This imbalance leads to detrimental effects, including inflammation and multiple chronic diseases, ranging from impaired wound healing to highly impacting pathologies in the neural and cardiovascular systems, or the bone, amongst others. However, supplying compounds with antioxidant activity is hampered by their low bioavailability. The development of biomaterials with antioxidant capacity is poised to overcome this roadblock. Moreover, in the treatment of chronic inflammation, material-based strategies would allow the controlled and targeted release of antioxidants into the affected tissue. In this review, we revise the main causes and effects of oxidative stress, and survey antioxidant biomaterials used for the treatment of chronic wounds, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases (focusing on cardiac infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis) and osteoporosis. We anticipate that these developments will lead to the emergence of new technologies for tissue engineering, control of oxidative stress and prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Perez-Araluce
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Enabling Technologies Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Tomasz Jüngst
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carmen Sanmartin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC) CB16/12/00489, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cancer Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Enabling Technologies Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
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Mota L, Zhu M, Li J, Contreras M, Aridi T, Tomeo JN, Stafford A, Mooney DJ, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, Ferran C, LoGerfo FW, Liang P. Perivascular CLICK-gelatin delivery of thrombospondin-2 small interfering RNA decreases development of intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23321. [PMID: 38031974 PMCID: PMC10726962 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301359r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bypass graft failure occurs in 20%-50% of coronary and lower extremity bypasses within the first-year due to intimal hyperplasia (IH). TSP-2 is a key regulatory protein that has been implicated in the development of IH following vessel injury. In this study, we developed a biodegradable CLICK-chemistry gelatin-based hydrogel to achieve sustained perivascular delivery of TSP-2 siRNA to rat carotid arteries following endothelial denudation injury. At 21 days, perivascular application of TSP-2 siRNA embedded hydrogels significantly downregulated TSP-2 gene expression, cellular proliferation, as well as other associated mediators of IH including MMP-9 and VEGF-R2, ultimately resulting in a significant decrease in IH. Our data illustrates the ability of perivascular CLICK-gelatin delivery of TSP-2 siRNA to mitigate IH following arterial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mota
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Max Zhu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Jennifer Li
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Mauricio Contreras
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Tarek Aridi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - John N. Tomeo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Alexander Stafford
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
- The Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Frank W. LoGerfo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Patric Liang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
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Bose S, Phan CM, Rizwan M, Tse JW, Yim E, Jones L. Fabrication and Characterization of an Enzyme-Triggered, Therapeutic-Releasing Hydrogel Bandage Contact Lens Material. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:26. [PMID: 38258038 PMCID: PMC10819205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop an enzyme-triggered, therapeutic-releasing bandage contact lens material using a unique gelatin methacrylate formulation (GelMA+). METHODS Two GelMA+ formulations, 20% w/v, and 30% w/v concentrations, were prepared through UV polymerization. The physical properties of the material, including porosity, tensile strain, and swelling ratio, were characterized. The enzymatic degradation of the material was assessed in the presence of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 300 µg/mL. Cell viability, cell growth, and cytotoxicity on the GelMA+ gels were evaluated using the AlamarBlueTM assay and the LIVE/DEADTM Viability/Cytotoxicity kit staining with immortalized human corneal epithelial cells over 5 days. For drug release analysis, the 30% w/v gels were loaded with 3 µg of bovine lactoferrin (BLF) as a model drug, and its release was examined over 5 days under various MMP-9 concentrations. RESULTS The 30% w/v GelMA+ demonstrated higher crosslinking density, increased tensile strength, smaller pore size, and lower swelling ratio (p < 0.05). In contrast, the 20% w/v GelMA+ degraded at a significantly faster rate (p < 0.001), reaching almost complete degradation within 48 h in the presence of 300 µg/mL of MMP-9. No signs of cytotoxic effects were observed in the live/dead staining assay for either concentration after 5 days. However, the 30% w/v GelMA+ exhibited significantly higher cell viability (p < 0.05). The 30% w/v GelMA+ demonstrated sustained release of the BLF over 5 days. The release rate of BLF increased significantly with higher concentrations of MMP-9 (p < 0.001), corresponding to the degradation rate of the gels. DISCUSSION The release of BLF from GelMA+ gels was driven by a combination of diffusion and degradation of the material by MMP-9 enzymes. This work demonstrated that a GelMA+-based material that releases a therapeutic agent can be triggered by enzymes found in the tear fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Bose
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (S.B.); (L.J.)
| | - Chau-Minh Phan
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (S.B.); (L.J.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (M.R.); (J.W.T.); (E.Y.)
| | - John Waylon Tse
- Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (M.R.); (J.W.T.); (E.Y.)
| | - Evelyn Yim
- Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (M.R.); (J.W.T.); (E.Y.)
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (S.B.); (L.J.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
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He J, Sun Y, Gao Q, He C, Yao K, Wang T, Xie M, Yu K, Nie J, Chen Y, He Y. Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel, from Standardization, Performance, to Biomedical Application. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300395. [PMID: 37115708 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), a photocurable hydrogel, is widely used in 3D culture, particularly in 3D bioprinting, due to its high biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and excellent formability. However, as the properties and performances of GelMA vary under different synthetic conditions, there is a lack of standardization, leading to conflicting results. In this study, a uniform standard is established to understand and enhance GelMA applications. First, the basic concept of GelMA and the density of the molecular network (DMN) are defined. Second, two properties, degrees of substitution and ratio of solid content, as the main measurable parameters determining the DMN are used. Third, the mechanisms and relationships between DMN and its performance in various applications in terms of porosity, viscosity, formability, mechanical strength, swelling, biodegradation, and cytocompatibility are theoretically explained. The main questions that are answered: what does performance mean, why is it important, how to optimize the basic parameters to improve the performance, and how to characterize it reasonably and accurately? Finally, it is hoped that this knowledge will eliminate the need for researchers to conduct tedious and repetitive pre-experiments, enable easy communication for achievements between groups under the same standard, and fully explore the potential of the GelMA hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Engineering for Life Group (EFL), Suzhou, 215101, China
| | - Chanfan He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tongyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Kang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Engineering for Life Group (EFL), Suzhou, 215101, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Asim S, Tabish TA, Liaqat U, Ozbolat IT, Rizwan M. Advances in Gelatin Bioinks to Optimize Bioprinted Cell Functions. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203148. [PMID: 36802199 PMCID: PMC10330013 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin is a widely utilized bioprinting biomaterial due to its cell-adhesive and enzymatically cleavable properties, which improve cell adhesion and growth. Gelatin is often covalently cross-linked to stabilize bioprinted structures, yet the covalently cross-linked matrix is unable to recapitulate the dynamic microenvironment of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby limiting the functions of bioprinted cells. To some extent, a double network bioink can provide a more ECM-mimetic, bioprinted niche for cell growth. More recently, gelatin matrices are being designed using reversible cross-linking methods that can emulate the dynamic mechanical properties of the ECM. This review analyzes the progress in developing gelatin bioink formulations for 3D cell culture, and critically analyzes the bioprinting and cross-linking techniques, with a focus on strategies to optimize the functions of bioprinted cells. This review discusses new cross-linking chemistries that recapitulate the viscoelastic, stress-relaxing microenvironment of the ECM, and enable advanced cell functions, yet are less explored in engineering the gelatin bioink. Finally, this work presents the perspective on the areas of future research and argues that the next generation of gelatin bioinks should be designed by considering cell-matrix interactions, and bioprinted constructs should be validated against currently established 3D cell culture standards to achieve improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Asim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931 USA
| | - Tanveer A. Tabish
- Cardiovascular Division, Radcliff Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Usman Liaqat
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State, Hershey, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931 USA
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931 USA
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12
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Pareja Tello R, Wang S, Fontana F, Correia A, Molinaro G, López Cerdà S, Hietala S, Hirvonen J, Barreto G, Santos HA. Fabrication of hydrogel microspheres via microfluidics using inverse electron demand Diels-Alder click chemistry-based tetrazine-norbornene for drug delivery and cell encapsulation applications. Biomater Sci 2023. [PMID: 37334482 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic on-chip production of polymeric hydrogel microspheres (MPs) can be designed for the loading of different biologically active cargos and living cells. Among different gelation strategies, ionically crosslinked microspheres generally show limited mechanical properties, meanwhile covalently crosslinked microspheres often require the use of crosslinking agents or initiators with limited biocompatibility. Inverse electron demand Diels Alder (iEDDA) click chemistry is a promising covalent crosslinking method with fast kinetics, high chemoselectivity, high efficiency and no cross-reactivity. Herein, in situ gellable iEDDA-crosslinked polymeric hydrogel microspheres are developed via water-in-oil emulsification (W/O) glass microfluidics. The microspheres are composed of two polyethylene glycol precursors modified with either tetrazine or norbornene as functional moieties. Using a single co-flow glass microfluidic platform, homogenous MPs of sizes 200-600 μm are developed and crosslinked within 2 minutes. The rheological properties of iEDDA crosslinked bulk hydrogels are maintained with a low swelling degree and a slow degradation behaviour under physiological conditions. Moreover, a high-protein loading capacity can be achieved, and the encapsulation of mammalian cells is possible. Overall, this work provides the possibility of developing microfluidics-produced iEDDA-crosslinked MPs as a potential drug vehicle and cell encapsulation system in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Pareja Tello
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Giuseppina Molinaro
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Sandra López Cerdà
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Goncalo Barreto
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Orton Orthopedic Hospital, Tenholantie 10, 00280, Helsinki, Finland
- Medical Ultrasonics Laboratory (MEDUSA), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Garrido CA, Garske DS, Thiele M, Amini S, Real S, Duda GN, Schmidt-Bleek K, Cipitria A. Hydrogels with stiffness-degradation spatial patterns control anisotropic 3D cell response. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213423. [PMID: 37167748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In nature, tissues are patterned, but most biomaterials used in human applications are not. Patterned biomaterials offer the opportunity to mimic spatially segregating biophysical and biochemical properties found in nature. Engineering such properties allows to study cell-matrix interactions in anisotropic matrices in great detail. Here, we developed alginate-based hydrogels with patterns in stiffness and degradation, composed of distinct areas of soft non-degradable (Soft-NoDeg) and stiff degradable (Stiff-Deg) material properties. The hydrogels exhibit emerging patterns in stiffness and degradability over time, taking advantage of dual crosslinking: Diels-Alder covalent crosslinking (norbornene-tetrazine, non degradable) and UV-mediated peptide crosslinking (matrix metalloprotease sensitive peptide, enzymatically degradable). The materials were mechanically characterized using rheology for single-phase and surface micro-indentation for patterned materials. 3D encapsulated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) allowed to characterize the anisotropic cell-matrix interaction in terms of cell morphology by employing a novel image-based quantification tool. Live/dead staining showed no differences in cell viability but distinct patterns in proliferation, with higher cell number in Stiff-Deg materials at day 14. Patterns of projected cell area became visible already at day 1, with larger values in Soft-NoDeg materials. This was inverted at day 14, when larger projected cell areas were identified in Stiff-Deg. This shift was accompanied by a significant decrease in cell circularity in Stiff-Deg. The control of anisotropic cell morphology by the material patterns was also confirmed by a significant increase in filopodia number and length in Stiff-Deg materials. The novel image-based quantification tool was useful to spatially visualize and quantify the anisotropic cell response in 3D hydrogels with stiffness-degradation spatial patterns. Our results show that patterning of stiffness and degradability allows to control cell anisotropic response in 3D and can be quantified by image-based strategies. This allows a deeper understanding of cell-matrix interactions in a multicomponent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Garrido
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela S Garske
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Thiele
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shahrouz Amini
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Samik Real
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Group of Bioengineering in Regeneration and Cancer, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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14
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Kim S, Lee W, Park H, Kim K. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive 6-Mercaptopurine-Releasing Injectable Hydrogel for Colon Cancer Treatment. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040319. [PMID: 37102931 PMCID: PMC10138092 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a significant health concern. The development of effective drug delivery systems is critical for improving treatment outcomes. In this study, we developed a drug delivery system for colon cancer treatment by embedding 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), an anticancer drug, in a thiolated gelatin/polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel (6MP-GPGel). The 6MP-GPGel continuously released 6-MP, the anticancer drug. The release rate of 6-MP was further accelerated in an acidic or glutathione environment that mimicked a tumor microenvironment. In addition, when pure 6-MP was used for treatment, cancer cells proliferated again from day 5, whereas a continuous supply of 6-MP from the 6MP-GPGel continuously suppressed the survival rate of cancer cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that embedding 6-MP in a hydrogel formulation can improve the efficacy of colon cancer treatment and may serve as a promising minimally invasive and localized drug delivery system for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjeong Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Park
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 22012, Republic of Korea
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15
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Chitin whiskers enhanced methacrylated hydroxybutyl chitosan hydrogels as anti-deformation scaffold for 3D cell culture. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 304:120483. [PMID: 36641181 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel, as three-dimensional (3D) cell culture scaffold, is an effective strategy for tissue and organ regeneration due to their good biocompatibility, biodegradability and resemblance to body microenvironments in vivo. However, the inherent weak mechanical properties and strong shrinkage of hydrogels during cell culture hinder its application in clinical. In this study, a two-component thermo/photo dual-sensitive hydrogel (M/C) was prepared from methacrylated hydroxybutyl chitosan (MHBC) and chitin whisker (CHW) via physical and chemical cross-linking methods. M/C hydrogel showed a special internal structure with lamellar arrangement. The rheological properties of the hydrogels could be regulated with the change of M/C ratio. It is worth emphasizing that the mechanical properties, shrinkage resistance and cellular capacitances of the M/C hydrogel were improved with the addition of CHW. Moreover, the M/C hydrogel not only exhibited excellent degradability and antibacterial properties, but also significantly promoted the adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro. Therefore, the M/C hydrogel showed a wide application potential in tissue regeneration as a 3D cell culture scaffold.
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16
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Gulfam M, Jo SH, Vu TT, Ali I, Rizwan A, Joo SB, Park SH, Lim KT. NIR-degradable and biocompatible hydrogels derived from hyaluronic acid and coumarin for drug delivery and bio-imaging. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120457. [PMID: 36657844 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, bioorthogonal and photodegradable hydrogels derived from norbornene (Nb) functionalized hyaluronic acid and a water soluble coumarin-based cross-linker possessing terminal tetrazine (Tz) groups, were developed for NIR-responsive release of doxorubicin (DOX). The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder cross-linking reaction between Nb and Tz functionalities formed the hydrogels at physiological conditions, whereas N2 gas liberated during the reaction created pores in the hydrogels. The gelation time ranges (about 5-20 min) and the viscoelastic behavior (G' ~ 346-1380 Pa) demonstrated that the resulting hydrogels were injectable and possessed tunable mechanical properties. Moreover, hydrogels released the encapsulated DOX upon NIR irradiation, owing to the NIR-responsive cleavage of coumarin-ester, and consequently, induced anti-tumor activity in BT-20 cancer cells. Additionally, the hydrogels could be excited at various wavelengths of the visible spectrum and can emit green to red fluorescence, demonstrating their simultaneous photo-responsive drug release and bio-imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Gulfam
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Jo
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Trung Thang Vu
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Israr Ali
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Rizwan
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Bin Joo
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Gultian KA, Gandhi R, Kim TWB, Vega SL. Self-Forming Norbornene-Tetrazine Hydrogels with Independently Tunable Properties. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200425. [PMID: 36493315 PMCID: PMC10023368 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although photopolymerization reactions are commonly used to form hydrogels, these strategies rely on light and may not be suitable for delivering therapeutics in a minimally invasive manner. Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) macromers are modified with norbornene (Nor) or tetrazine (Tet) and upon mixing click into covalently crosslinked Nor-Tet hydrogels via a Diels-Alder reaction. By incorporating a high degree of Nor and Tet substitution, Nor-Tet hydrogels with a broad range in elastic moduli (5 to 30 kPa) and fast gelation times (1 to 5 min) are achieved. By pre-coupling methacrylated HANor macromers with thiolated peptides via a Michael addition reaction, Nor-Tet hydrogels are peptide-functionalized without affecting their physical properties. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on RGD-functionalized Nor-Tet hydrogels adhere and exhibit stiffness-dependent differences in matrix mechanosensing. Fluid properties of Nor-Tet hydrogel solutions allow for injections through narrow syringe needles and can locally deliver viable cells and peptides. Substituting HA with enzymatically degradable gelatin also results in cell-responsive Nor-Tet hydrogels, and MSCs encapsulated in Nor-Tet hydrogels preferentially differentiate into adipocytes or osteoblasts, based on 3D cellular spreading regulated by stable (HA) and degradable (gelatin) macromers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstene A Gultian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Roshni Gandhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Tae Won B Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Sebastián L Vega
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
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18
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Kerr MD, McBride DA, Johnson WT, Chumber AK, Najibi AJ, Seo BR, Stafford AG, Scadden DT, Mooney DJ, Shah NJ. Immune-responsive biodegradable scaffolds for enhancing neutrophil regeneration. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10309. [PMID: 36684088 PMCID: PMC9842036 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential effector cells for mediating rapid host defense and their insufficiency arising from therapy-induced side-effects, termed neutropenia, can lead to immunodeficiency-associated complications. In autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), neutropenia is a complication that limits therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report the development and in vivo evaluation of an injectable, biodegradable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based scaffold, termed HA cryogel, with myeloid responsive degradation behavior. In mouse models of immune deficiency, we show that the infiltration of functional myeloid-lineage cells, specifically neutrophils, is essential to mediate HA cryogel degradation. Post-HSCT neutropenia in recipient mice delayed degradation of HA cryogels by up to 3 weeks. We harnessed the neutrophil-responsive degradation to sustain the release of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) from HA cryogels. Sustained release of G-CSF from HA cryogels enhanced post-HSCT neutrophil recovery, comparable to pegylated G-CSF, which, in turn, accelerated cryogel degradation. HA cryogels are a potential approach for enhancing neutrophils and concurrently assessing immune recovery in neutropenic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Kerr
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - David A. McBride
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wade T. Johnson
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arun K. Chumber
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexander J. Najibi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bo Ri Seo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alexander G. Stafford
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - David T. Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Regenerative MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nisarg J. Shah
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Program in ImmunologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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19
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Li L, Zhou Y, Li P, Xu Q, Li K, Hu H, Bing W, Zhang Z. Peptide hydrogel based sponge patch for wound infection treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1066306. [PMID: 36588952 PMCID: PMC9797970 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1066306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dressing with the function of anti-wound infection and promoting skin repair plays an important role in medicine, beauty industry, etc. In terms of anti-wound infection, traditional dressings, such as gauze, have problems such as excessive bleeding in the process of contact or removal, and slow wound healing due to poor biological compatibility. The development of new functional and biocompatible dressings has essential application value in biomedical fields. In this study, a new type of dressing based on polypeptide functional sponge patch was constructed. The porous sponge patch is made of antimicrobial peptide and medical agarose through gel and freeze-drying technology. In vitro antibacterial experiments and small animal skin wound infection model experiments show that the porous sponge has excellent antibacterial and anti-skin infection activities, as well as the function of promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China,College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Peizhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Shanghai Beautyart Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyan Li
- Shanghai Beautyart Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Shanghai Beautyart Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Bing
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Wei Bing, ; Zhijun Zhang,
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wei Bing, ; Zhijun Zhang,
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20
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Luo J, Darai A, Pongkulapa T, Conley B, Yang L, Han I, Lee KB. Injectable bioorthogonal hydrogel (BIOGEL) accelerates tissue regeneration in degenerated intervertebral discs. Bioact Mater 2022; 23:551-562. [PMID: 36582500 PMCID: PMC9764133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a leading cause of back pain and precursor to more severe conditions, including disc herniation and spinal stenosis. While traditional growth factor therapies (e.g., TGFβ) are effective at transiently reversing degenerated disc by stimulation of matrix synthesis, it is increasingly accepted that bioscaffolds are required for sustained, complete IVD regeneration. Current scaffolds (e.g., metal/polymer composites, non-mammalian biopolymers) can be improved in one or more IVD regeneration demands: biodegradability, noninvasive injection, recapitulated healthy IVD biomechanics, predictable crosslinking, and matrix repair induction. To meet these demands, tetrazine-norbornene bioorthogonal ligation was combined with gelatin to create an injectable bioorthogonal hydrogel (BIOGEL). The liquid hydrogel precursors remain free-flowing across a wide range of temperatures and crosslink into a robust hydrogel after 5-10 min, allowing a human operator to easily inject the therapeutic constructs into degenerated IVD. Moreover, BIOGEL encapsulation of TGFβ potentiated histological repair (e.g., tissue architecture and matrix synthesis) and functional recovery (e.g., high water retention by promoting the matrix synthesis and reduced pain) in an in vivo rat IVD degeneration/nucleotomy model. This BIOGEL procedure readily integrates into existing nucleotomy procedures, indicating that clinical adoption should proceed with minimal difficulty. Since bioorthogonal crosslinking is essentially non-reactive towards biomolecules, our developed material platform can be extended to other payloads and degenerative injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Anjani Darai
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, 59 Yaptap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanapat Pongkulapa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Brian Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, 59 Yaptap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author. https://sites.google.com/view/inbolab/home
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA,Corresponding author. https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
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21
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Ziegler CE, Graf M, Nagaoka M, Goepferich AM. Investigation of the Impact of Hydrolytically Cleavable Groups on the Stability of Poly(ethylene glycol) Based Hydrogels Cross-Linked via the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) Reaction. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200226. [PMID: 36112280 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Eight-armed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels cross-linked via inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction between norbornene and tetrazine groups are promising materials for long-term protein delivery. While a controlled release over 265 days is achieved for 15% w/v hydrogels in the previous study, the material shows high stability over 500 days despite having cleavable ester linkages between the PEG macromonomers and their functionalities. In this study, the hydrolyzable ester linkers in the PEG-norbornene precursor structure are exchanged to reduce the degradation time. To this end, 3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide, phenyl carbamate, carbonate ester, and phenyl carbonate ester are introduced as degradable functional groups. Oscillatory shear experiments reveal that they are not affected the in situ gelation. All hydrogel types have gel points of less than 20 s even at a low polymer concentration of 5% w/v. Hydrogels with varying polymer concentrations have similar mesh sizes, all of which fell in the range of 4-12 nm. The inclusion of phenyl carbonate ester accelerates degradation considerably, with complete dissolution of 15% w/v hydrogels after 302 days of incubation in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Controlled release of 150 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran over a period of at least 150 days is achieved with 15% w/v hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Ziegler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Makoto Nagaoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Achim M Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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22
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Dimmitt NH, Arkenberg MR, de Lima Perini MM, Li J, Lin CC. Hydrolytically Degradable PEG-Based Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Click Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4262-4273. [PMID: 36074814 PMCID: PMC9554872 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Hydrogels cross-linked by inverse electron demand Diels–Alder
(iEDDA) click chemistry are increasingly used in biomedical applications.
With a few exceptions in naturally derived and chemically modified
macromers, iEDDA click hydrogels exhibit long-term hydrolytic stability,
and no synthetic iEDDA click hydrogels can undergo accelerated and
tunable hydrolytic degradation. We have previously reported a novel
method for synthesizing norbornene (NB)-functionalized multiarm poly(ethylene
glycol) (PEG), where carbic anhydride (CA) was used to replace 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic
acid. The new PEGNBCA-based thiol-norbornene hydrogels
exhibited unexpected fast yet highly tunable hydrolytic degradation.
In this contribution, we leveraged the new PEGNBCA macromer
for forming iEDDA click hydrogels with [methyl]tetrazine ([m]Tz)-modified
macromers, leading to the first group of synthetic iEDDA click hydrogels
with highly tunable hydrolytic degradation kinetics. We further exploited
Tz and mTz dual conjugation to achieve tunable hydrolytic degradation
with an in vitro degradation time ranging from 2 weeks to 3 months.
Finally, we demonstrated the excellent in vitro cytocompatibility
and in vivo biocompatibility of the new injectable PEGNBCA-based iEDDA click cross-linked hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Dimmitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Matthew R Arkenberg
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mariana Moraes de Lima Perini
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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23
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Arkenberg MR, Koehler K, Lin CC. Heparinized Gelatin-Based Hydrogels for Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4141-4152. [PMID: 36074748 PMCID: PMC9554908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Chemically defined
hydrogels are increasingly utilized to define
the effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) components on cellular fate
determination of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell
(hESC and hiPSCs). In particular, hydrogels cross-linked by orthogonal
click chemistry, including thiol-norbornene photopolymerization and
inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (iEDDA) reactions, are
explored for 3D culture of hESC/hiPSCs owing to the specificity, efficiency,
cytocompatibility, and modularity of the cross-linking reactions.
In this work, we exploited the modularity of thiol-norbornene photopolymerization
to create a biomimetic hydrogel platform for 3D culture and differentiation
of hiPSCs. A cell-adhesive, protease-labile, and cross-linkable gelatin
derivative, gelatin-norbornene (GelNB), was used as the backbone polymer
for constructing hiPSC-laden biomimetic hydrogels. GelNB was further
heparinized via the iEDDA click reaction using tetrazine-modified
heparin (HepTz), creating GelNB-Hep. GelNB or GelNB-Hep was modularly
cross-linked with either inert macromer poly(ethylene glycol)-tetra-thiol
(PEG4SH) or another bioactive macromer-thiolated hyaluronic acid (THA).
The formulations of these hydrogels were modularly tuned to afford
biomimetic matrices with similar elastic moduli but varying bioactive
components, enabling the understanding of each bioactive component
on supporting hiPSC growth and ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal
fate commitment under identical soluble differentiation cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Arkenberg
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Karl Koehler
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Plastic and Oral Surgery, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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24
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Lou J, Mooney DJ. Chemical strategies to engineer hydrogels for cell culture. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:726-744. [PMID: 37117490 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research fields in applications such as disease modelling and drug screening. The natural extracellular matrix of tissues, a complex scaffold with varying chemical and mechanical properties, has a critical role in regulating important cellular functions such as spreading, migration, proliferation and differentiation, as well as tissue morphogenesis. Hydrogels are biomaterials that are used in cell culture systems to imitate critical features of a natural extracellular matrix. Chemical strategies to synthesize and tailor the properties of these hydrogels in a controlled manner, and manipulate their biological functions in situ, have been developed. In this Review, we provide the rational design criteria for predictably engineering hydrogels to mimic the properties of the natural extracellular matrix. We highlight the advances in using biocompatible strategies to engineer hydrogels for cell culture along with recent developments to dynamically control the cellular environment by exploiting stimuli-responsive chemistries. Finally, future opportunities to engineer hydrogels are discussed, in which the development of novel chemical methods will probably have an important role.
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25
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Gultian KA, Gandhi R, DeCesari K, Romiyo V, Kleinbart EP, Martin K, Gentile PM, Kim TWB, Vega SL. Injectable hydrogel with immobilized BMP-2 mimetic peptide for local bone regeneration. FRONTIERS IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE 2022; 1. [PMID: 37090104 PMCID: PMC10120851 DOI: 10.3389/fbiom.2022.948493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density, thereby increasing the risk of sustaining a fragility fracture. Most medical therapies are systemic and do not restore bone in areas of need, leading to undesirable side effects. Injectable hydrogels can locally deliver therapeutics with spatial precision, and this study reports the development of an injectable hydrogel containing a peptide mimic of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). To create injectable hydrogels, hyaluronic acid was modified with norbornene (HANor) or tetrazine (HATet) which upon mixing click into covalently crosslinked Nor-Tet hydrogels. By modifying HANor macromers with methacrylates (Me), thiolated BMP-2 mimetic peptides were immobilized to HANor via a Michael addition reaction, and coupling was confirmed with 1H NMR spectroscopy. BMP-2 peptides presented in soluble and immobilized form increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in MSCs cultured on 2D and encapsulated in 3D Nor-Tet hydrogels. Injection of bioactive Nor-Tet hydrogels into hollow intramedullary canals of Lewis rat femurs showed a local increase in trabecular bone density as determined by micro-CT imaging. The presented work shows that injectable hydrogels with immobilized BMP-2 peptides are a promising biomaterial for the local regeneration of bone tissue and for the potential local treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstene A. Gultian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Roshni Gandhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Kayla DeCesari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Vineeth Romiyo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Emily P. Kleinbart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Kelsey Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Pietro M. Gentile
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Tae Won B. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Sebastián L. Vega
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
- CORRESPONDENCE Sebastián L. Vega,
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26
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Bercea M. Bioinspired Hydrogels as Platforms for Life-Science Applications: Challenges and Opportunities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122365. [PMID: 35745941 PMCID: PMC9229923 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, as interconnected networks (polymer mesh; physically, chemically, or dynamic crosslinked networks) incorporating a high amount of water, present structural characteristics similar to soft natural tissue. They enable the diffusion of different molecules (ions, drugs, and grow factors) and have the ability to take over the action of external factors. Their nature provides a wide variety of raw materials and inspiration for functional soft matter obtained by complex mechanisms and hierarchical self-assembly. Over the last decade, many studies focused on developing innovative and high-performance materials, with new or improved functions, by mimicking biological structures at different length scales. Hydrogels with natural or synthetic origin can be engineered as bulk materials, micro- or nanoparticles, patches, membranes, supramolecular pathways, bio-inks, etc. The specific features of hydrogels make them suitable for a wide variety of applications, including tissue engineering scaffolds (repair/regeneration), wound healing, drug delivery carriers, bio-inks, soft robotics, sensors, actuators, catalysis, food safety, and hygiene products. This review is focused on recent advances in the field of bioinspired hydrogels that can serve as platforms for life-science applications. A brief outlook on the actual trends and future directions is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bercea
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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27
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Olov N, Mirzadeh H, Moradi R, Rajabi S, Bagheri-Khoulenjani S. Shape memory injectable cryogel based on carboxymethyl chitosan/gelatin for minimally invasive tissue engineering: In vitro and in vivo assays. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2438-2451. [PMID: 35661396 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Shape-memory cryogels have drawn attention as an injectable system to minimize the risks associated with surgical implantation in tissue engineering. To achieve shape memory behavior with hydration as an external stimulus, it is necessary to have a porous elastic network. To achieve this, it is crucial to control the crosslinking process at the time of pore formation, especially for natural-based polymers. In this study, a versatile method using a cryogelation method in the presence of chemical and physical crosslinkers is investigated to obtain an injectable super macroporous elastic structure based on a poly(ampholyte) (carboxymethyl chitosan) and a protein (gelatin). Mechanical, swelling, shape memorizing behavior, injectability, and in vitro and in vivo behavior of cryogels were studied. Cryogelation in a subzero temperature led to the formation of scaffolds with interconnected pores of the size of 350 μm which swelled completely after 3 min. Cryogels had crosslink density up to 22% and elastic modulus in the hydrated state up to 0.054 and 1.733 MPa at low and high strains, respectively, and low hysteresis (<30 kPa). Injectability studies confirmed the ability of the cryogels to be injected through a 16G needle. In vitro studies demonstrated good cellular penetration, cell adhesion, and high cell viability (>100%). In vivo studies using mice showed that the body's response was befitting without inflammation and any side effect for the liver and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Olov
- Polymer and Color Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mirzadeh
- Polymer and Color Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sarah Rajabi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Olov N, Bagheri-Khoulenjani S, Mirzadeh H. Injectable hydrogels for bone and cartilage tissue engineering: a review. Prog Biomater 2022; 11:113-135. [PMID: 35420394 PMCID: PMC9156638 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering, using a combination of living cells, bioactive molecules, and three-dimensional porous scaffolds, is a promising alternative to traditional treatments such as the use of autografts and allografts for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration. Scaffolds, in this combination, can be applied either through surgery by implantation of cell-seeded pre-fabricated scaffolds, or through injection of a solidifying precursor and cell mixture, or as an injectable cell-seeded pre-fabricated scaffold. In situ forming and pre-fabricated injectable scaffolds can be injected directly into the defect site with complex shape and critical size in a minimally invasive manner. Proper and homogeneous distribution of cells, biological factors, and molecular signals in these injectable scaffolds is another advantage over pre-fabricated scaffolds. Due to the importance of injectable scaffolds in tissue engineering, here different types of injectable scaffolds, their design challenges, and applications in bone and cartilage tissue regeneration are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Olov
- Polymer and Colour Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez-Ave., 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadab Bagheri-Khoulenjani
- Polymer and Colour Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez-Ave., 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Mirzadeh
- Polymer and Colour Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez-Ave., 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Engineering Hydrogels for the Development of Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052662. [PMID: 35269803 PMCID: PMC8910155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The superiority of in vitro 3D cultures over conventional 2D cell cultures is well recognized by the scientific community for its relevance in mimicking the native tissue architecture and functionality. The recent paradigm shift in the field of tissue engineering toward the development of 3D in vitro models can be realized with its myriad of applications, including drug screening, developing alternative diagnostics, and regenerative medicine. Hydrogels are considered the most suitable biomaterial for developing an in vitro model owing to their similarity in features to the extracellular microenvironment of native tissue. In this review article, recent progress in the use of hydrogel-based biomaterial for the development of 3D in vitro biomimetic tissue models is highlighted. Discussions of hydrogel sources and the latest hybrid system with different combinations of biopolymers are also presented. The hydrogel crosslinking mechanism and design consideration are summarized, followed by different types of available hydrogel module systems along with recent microfabrication technologies. We also present the latest developments in engineering hydrogel-based 3D in vitro models targeting specific tissues. Finally, we discuss the challenges surrounding current in vitro platforms and 3D models in the light of future perspectives for an improved biomimetic in vitro organ system.
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30
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Coburn PT, Li X, Li JY, Kishimoto Y, Li-Jessen NY. Progress in Vocal Fold Regenerative Biomaterials: An Immunological Perspective. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2100119. [PMID: 35434718 PMCID: PMC9007544 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vocal folds, housed in the upper respiratory tract, are important to daily breathing, speech and swallowing functions. Irreversible changes to the vocal fold mucosae, such as scarring and atrophy, require a regenerative medicine approach to promote a controlled regrowth of the extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich mucosa. Various biomaterial systems have been engineered with an emphasis on stimulating local vocal fold fibroblasts to produce new ECM. At the same time, it is imperative to limit the foreign body reaction and associated immune components that can hinder the integration of the biomaterial into the host tissue. Modern biomaterial designs have become increasingly focused on actively harnessing the immune system to accelerate and optimize the process of tissue regeneration. An array of physical and chemical biomaterial parameters have been reported to effectively modulate local immune cells, such as macrophages, to initiate tissue repair, stimulate ECM production, promote biomaterial-tissue integration, and restore the function of the vocal folds. In this perspective paper, the unique immunological profile of the vocal folds will first be reviewed. Key physical and chemical biomaterial properties relevant to immunomodulation will then be highlighted and discussed. A further examination of the physicochemical properties of recent vocal fold biomaterials will follow to generate deeper insights into corresponding immune-related outcomes. Lastly, a perspective will be offered on the opportunity of integrating material-led immunomodulatory strategies into future vocal fold tissue engineering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T. Coburn
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Canada
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Canada
| | - Jianyu. Y. Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Canada
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicole Y.K. Li-Jessen
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, McGill University, Canada
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31
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Wu J, Shin H, Lee J, Kim S, Lee H. Preparation of External Stimulus-Free Gelatin-Catechol Hydrogels with Injectability and Tunable Temperature Responsiveness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:236-244. [PMID: 34935360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin is one of the most versatile biopolymers in various biomedical applications. A gelatin derivative gelatin-catechol (Gel-C) was developed in this study to further optimize its chemical and physical properties such as thermal reversibility and injectability. We found that Gel-C remains in a solution state at room temperature, and the temperature-dependent gelation capability of gelatin is well preserved in Gel-C. Its gel-forming temperature decreased to about 10 °C (about 30 °C for gelatin), and a series of gelatin derivatives with different gel-forming temperatures (10-30 °C) were formed by mixing gelatin and Gel-C in different ratios. Additionally, irreversible Gel-C hydrogels could be made without the addition of external stimuli by combining the physical cross-linking of gelatin and the chemical cross-linking of catechol. At the same time, properties of Gel-C hydrogels such as thermal reversibility and injectability could be manipulated by controlling the temperature and pH of the precursor solution. By simulating the formation of an irreversible Gel-C hydrogel in vivo, an in situ gelling system was fabricated by lowering the local temperature of the hydrogel with cold shock, thus realizing targeted and localized molecular delivery with prolonged retention time. This simple system integrated with the temperature responsiveness of gelatin and chemical cross-linking of catechol groups thus provides a promising platform to fabricate an in situ gelling system for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 University Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggeun Shin
- R&D Center, InnoTherapy Inc., Seoul 34028, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 University Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomi Kim
- R&D Center, InnoTherapy Inc., Seoul 34028, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeshin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 University Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, InnoTherapy Inc., Seoul 34028, Republic of Korea
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32
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Kim S, Choi Y, Lee W, Kim K. Fabrication Parameter-Dependent Physico-Chemical Properties of Thiolated Gelatin/PEGDA Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 19:309-319. [PMID: 34905183 PMCID: PMC8971263 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of three-dimensional hydrogels using polymeric biomaterials is a key technology for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Successful tissue engineering requires the control and identification of the physicochemical properties of hydrogels. METHODS Interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel was developed using thiolated gelatin (GSH) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), with the aid of ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N,N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) as radical initiators. Each component was prepared in the following concentrations, respectively: 2.5 and 5% GSH (LG and HG), 12.5 and 25% PEGDA (LP and HP), 3% APS/1.5% TEMED (LI), and 4% APS/2% TEMED (HI). IPN hydrogel was fabricated by the mixing of GSH, PEGDA, and initiators in 5:4:1 volume ratios, and incubated at 37 °C for 30 min in the following 6 experimental formulations: (1) HG-LP-LI, (2) HG-LP-HI, (3) LG-HP-LI, (4) LG-HP-HI, (5) HG-HP-HI, and (6) HG-HP-LI. Herein, the physico-chemical characteristics of IPN hydrogels, including their morphological structures, hydrolytic degradation properties, mechanical properties, embedded protein release kinetics, and biocompatibility, were investigated. RESULTS The characteristics of the hydrogel were significantly manipulated by the concentration of the polymer, especially the conversion between HP and LP, rather than the concentration of the initiator, and no hydrogel formulation exhibited any toxicity to fibroblast and HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION We provide structural-physical relationships of the hydrogels by which means their physical properties could be conveniently controlled through component control, which could be versatilely utilized for various organizational engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620 Korea
| | - Yunyoung Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620 Korea
| | - Wonjeong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620 Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620 Korea
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33
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Wang S, Niu Y, Jia P, Liao Z, Guo W, Chaves RC, Tran-Ba KH, He L, Bai H, Sia S, Kaufman LJ, Wang X, Zhou Y, Dong Y, Mao JJ. Alkaline activation of endogenous latent TGFβ1 by an injectable hydrogel directs cell homing for in situ complex tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 15:316-329. [PMID: 35356816 PMCID: PMC8935088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of the body's regenerative potential for tissue repair is known as in situ tissue regeneration. However, the use of exogenous growth factors requires delicate control of the dose and delivery strategies and may be accompanied by safety, efficacy and cost concerns. In this study, we developed, for the first time, a biomaterial-based strategy to activate endogenous transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) under alkaline conditions for effective in situ tissue regeneration. We demonstrated that alkaline-activated TGFβ1 from blood serum, bone marrow fluids and soaking solutions of meniscus and tooth dentin was capable of increasing cell recruitment and early differentiation, implying its broad practicability. Furthermore, we engineered an injectable hydrogel (MS-Gel) consisting of gelatin microspheres for loading strong alkaline substances and a modified gelatin matrix for hydrogel click crosslinking. In vitro models showed that alkaline MS-Gel controllably and sustainably activated endogenous TGFβ1 from tooth dentin for robust bone marrow stem cell migration. More importantly, infusion of in vivo porcine prepared root canals with alkaline MS-Gel promoted significant pulp-dentin regeneration with neurovascular stroma and mineralized tissue by endogenous proliferative cells. Therefore, this work offers a new bench-to-beside translation strategy using biomaterial-activated endogenous biomolecules to achieve in situ tissue regeneration without the need for cell or protein delivery. Nonphysiological pH activates latent TGFβ1 in various tissue sources. Alkaline activation of endogenous TGFβ1 directs cell homing. Biomaterial-activated endogenous TGFβ1 induces regeneration of complex tissues.
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An Z, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Pei R. Injectable thioketal-containing hydrogel dressing accelerates skin wound healing with the incorporation of reactive oxygen species scavenging and growth factor release. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:100-113. [PMID: 34792044 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01179k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex dynamic process. During the occurrence of skin injury, the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) level is associated with sustained inflammatory response, which limits efficient wound repair. Although multifunctional hydrogels are considered ideal wound dressings due to their unique advantages, the development of hydrogel dressings with rapid gelling rates, shape adaptation, and antioxidant function is still a vital challenge. In this work, a ROS-responsive injectable polyethylene glycol hydrogel containing thioketal bonds (PEG-TK hydrogel) was synthesized and utilized to deliver epidermal growth factor (EGF). We adopted bio-orthogonal click chemistry for crosslinking the polymer chains to obtain the EGF@PEG-TK hydrogel with fast gelation time, injectability and shape-adaptability. More interestingly, the thioketal bonds in the PEG-TK hydrogel not only scavenged excessive ROS in the wound sites but also achieved responsive and controlled EGF release to facilitate regeneration. The EGF@PEG-TK hydrogel treatment offered the benefits of protecting cells from oxidative stress, accelerating wound closure, and reducing scar formation in the full-thickness skin defect model. This work provides a promising strategy for developing antioxidant hydrogel dressing for facilitating the repair of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen An
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Liwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yuanshan Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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35
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Arjama M, Mehnath S, Rajan M, Jeyaraj M. Engineered Hyaluronic Acid-Based Smart Nanoconjugates for Enhanced Intracellular Drug Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2021; 112:1603-1614. [PMID: 34678274 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial polysaccharides can be easily modified to offer dual stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems with double targeting potential. In this research work, bacterial polysaccharides hyaluronic acid (HA) were functionalized with α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) and cholic acid (CA) to form multifunctional polysaccharides nanoconjugates (TPGS-HA-CA). Smart nanoconjugates were synthesized by forming a redox-responsive disulfide bond, and it is composed of double targeting ligands. Doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulated smart nanoconjugates were exhibited an average size of 200 nm with a uniform core-shell structure. It serves the pH-responsive side chain modulation of TPGS-HA-CA, which affords a high degree of swelling at acidic pH. Under the pH 5.0 it shows 57% of release due to the side chain modulation of C-H/N-H. Polysaccharides nanoconjugates exhibited the double stimuli-responsive drug delivery by rapid disassembly of disulfide linkage, which exhibited 72% drug release (pH 5.0+GSH 10 mM). In cytotoxic studies, DOX@TPGS-HA-CA exhibited a higher cytotoxic effect compared to DOX. Hyaluronic acid functionalization with CA, TPGS increases cell internalization, and dual stimuli activity promotes more cell death. Overall, multifunctional polysaccharides hydrogel nanoconjugates is a prospective material that has great potential for targeting breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukherjee Arjama
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 25, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaraj Mehnath
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 25, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 21, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugaraj Jeyaraj
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 25, Tamil Nadu, India.
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36
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Abstract
Biopolymers are natural polymers sourced from plants and animals, which include a variety of polysaccharides and polypeptides. The inclusion of biopolymers into biomedical hydrogels is of great interest because of their inherent biochemical and biophysical properties, such as cellular adhesion, degradation, and viscoelasticity. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview of the design and development of biopolymer hydrogels for biomedical applications, with an emphasis on biopolymer chemical modifications and cross-linking methods. First, the fundamentals of biopolymers and chemical conjugation methods to introduce cross-linking groups are described. Cross-linking methods to form biopolymer networks are then discussed in detail, including (i) covalent cross-linking (e.g., free radical chain polymerization, click cross-linking, cross-linking due to oxidation of phenolic groups), (ii) dynamic covalent cross-linking (e.g., Schiff base formation, disulfide formation, reversible Diels-Alder reactions), and (iii) physical cross-linking (e.g., guest-host interactions, hydrogen bonding, metal-ligand coordination, grafted biopolymers). Finally, recent advances in the use of chemically modified biopolymer hydrogels for the biofabrication of tissue scaffolds, therapeutic delivery, tissue adhesives and sealants, as well as the formation of interpenetrating network biopolymer hydrogels, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G. Muir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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37
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Hui E, Sumey JL, Caliari SR. Click-functionalized hydrogel design for mechanobiology investigations. MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING 2021; 6:670-707. [PMID: 36338897 PMCID: PMC9631920 DOI: 10.1039/d1me00049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of click-functionalized hydrogels in recent years has coincided with rapid growth in the fields of mechanobiology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Click chemistries represent a group of reactions that possess high reactivity and specificity, are cytocompatible, and generally proceed under physiologic conditions. Most notably, the high level of tunability afforded by these reactions enables the design of user-controlled and tissue-mimicking hydrogels in which the influence of important physical and biochemical cues on normal and aberrant cellular behaviors can be independently assessed. Several critical tissue properties, including stiffness, viscoelasticity, and biomolecule presentation, are known to regulate cell mechanobiology in the context of development, wound repair, and disease. However, many questions still remain about how the individual and combined effects of these instructive properties regulate the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing physiologic and pathologic processes. In this review, we discuss several click chemistries that have been adopted to design dynamic and instructive hydrogels for mechanobiology investigations. We also chart a path forward for how click hydrogels can help reveal important insights about complex tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Hui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jenna L Sumey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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38
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Kim MH, Nguyen H, Chang CY, Lin CC. Dual Functionalization of Gelatin for Orthogonal and Dynamic Hydrogel Cross-Linking. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4196-4208. [PMID: 34370445 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin-based hydrogels are widely used in biomedical fields because of their abundance of bioactive motifs that support cell adhesion and matrix remodeling. Although inherently bioactive, unmodified gelatin exhibits temperature-dependent rheology and solubilizes at body temperature, making it unstable for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. Therefore, the addition of chemically reactive motifs is required to render gelatin-based hydrogels with highly controllable cross-linking kinetics and tunable mechanical properties that are critical for 3D cell culture. This article provides a series of methods toward establishing orthogonally cross-linked gelatin-based hydrogels for dynamic 3D cell culture. In particular, we prepared dually functionalized gelatin macromers amenable for sequential, orthogonal covalent cross-linking. Central to this material platform is the synthesis of norbornene-functionalized gelatin (GelNB), which forms covalently cross-linked hydrogels via orthogonal thiol-norbornene click cross-linking. Using GelNB as the starting material, we further detail the methods for synthesizing gelatin macromers susceptible to hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) dimerization (i.e., GelNB-HPA) and hydrazone bonding (i.e., GelNB-CH) for on-demand matrix stiffening. Finally, we outline the protocol for synthesizing a gelatin macromer capable of adjusting hydrogel stress relaxation via boronate ester bonding (i.e., GelNB-BA). The combination of these orthogonal chemistries affords a wide range of gelatin-based hydrogels as biomimetic matrices in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Han Nguyen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chun-Yi Chang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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39
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Wang C, Zhang H, Zhang T, Zou X, Wang H, Rosenberger J, Vannam R, Trout WS, Grimm JB, Lavis LD, Thorpe C, Jia X, Li Z, Fox JM. Enabling In Vivo Photocatalytic Activation of Rapid Bioorthogonal Chemistry by Repurposing Silicon-Rhodamine Fluorophores as Cytocompatible Far-Red Photocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10793-10803. [PMID: 34250803 PMCID: PMC8765119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chromophores that absorb in the tissue-penetrant far-red/near-infrared window have long served as photocatalysts to generate singlet oxygen for photodynamic therapy. However, the cytotoxicity and side reactions associated with singlet oxygen sensitization have posed a problem for using long-wavelength photocatalysis to initiate other types of chemical reactions in biological environments. Herein, silicon-Rhodamine compounds (SiRs) are described as photocatalysts for inducing rapid bioorthogonal chemistry using 660 nm light through the oxidation of a dihydrotetrazine to a tetrazine in the presence of trans-cyclooctene dienophiles. SiRs have been commonly used as fluorophores for bioimaging but have not been applied to catalyze chemical reactions. A series of SiR derivatives were evaluated, and the Janelia Fluor-SiR dyes were found to be especially effective in catalyzing photooxidation (typically 3%). A dihydrotetrazine/tetrazine pair is described that displays high stability in both oxidation states. A protein that was site-selectively modified by trans-cyclooctene was quantitatively conjugated upon exposure to 660 nm light and a dihydrotetrazine. By contrast, a previously described methylene blue catalyst was found to rapidly degrade the protein. SiR-red light photocatalysis was used to cross-link hyaluronic acid derivatives functionalized by dihydrotetrazine and trans-cyclooctenes, enabling 3D culture of human prostate cancer cells. Photoinducible hydrogel formation could also be carried out in live mice through subcutaneous injection of a Cy7-labeled hydrogel precursor solution, followed by brief irradiation to produce a stable hydrogel. This cytocompatible method for using red light photocatalysis to activate bioorthogonal chemistry is anticipated to find broad applications where spatiotemporal control is needed in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Julia Rosenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Raghu Vannam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - William S. Trout
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn Virginia, 20147, USA
| | - Luke D. Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn Virginia, 20147, USA
| | - Colin Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Joseph M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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40
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Khosravimelal S, Mobaraki M, Eftekhari S, Ahearne M, Seifalian AM, Gholipourmalekabadi M. Hydrogels as Emerging Materials for Cornea Wound Healing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006335. [PMID: 33887108 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel biomaterials have many favorable characteristics including tuneable mechanical behavior, cytocompatibility, optical properties suitable for regeneration and restoration of the damaged cornea tissue. The cornea is a tissue susceptible to various injuries and traumas with a complicated healing cascade, in which conserving its transparency and integrity is critical. Accordingly, the hydrogels' known properties along with the stimulation of nerve and cell regeneration make them ideal scaffold for corneal tissue engineering. Hydrogels have been used extensively in clinical applications for the repair and replacement of diseased organs. The development and optimizing of novel hydrogels to repair/replace corneal injuries have been the main focus of researches within the last decade. This research aims to critically review in vitro, preclinical, as well as clinical trial studies related to corneal wound healing using hydrogels in the past 10 years, as this is considered as an emerging technology for corneal treatment. Several unique modifications of hydrogels with smart behaviors have undergone early phase clinical trials and showed promising outcomes. Financially, this considers a multibillion dollars industry and with huge interest from medical devices as well as pharmaceutical industries with several products may emerge within the next five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadjad Khosravimelal
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Mohammadmahdi Mobaraki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Samane Eftekhari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Mark Ahearne
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Republic of Ireland
| | - Alexander Marcus Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
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41
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Alkanawati MS, Machtakova M, Landfester K, Thérien-Aubin H. Bio-Orthogonal Nanogels for Multiresponsive Release. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2976-2984. [PMID: 34129319 PMCID: PMC8278386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Responsive nanogel
systems are interesting for the drug delivery
of bioactive molecules due to their high stability in aqueous media.
The development of nanogels that are able to respond to biochemical
cues and compatible with the encapsulation and the release of large
and sensitive payloads remains challenging. Here, multistimuli-responsive
nanogels were synthesized using a bio-orthogonal and reversible reaction
and were designed for the selective release of encapsulated cargos
in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. The nanogels were composed
of a functionalized polysaccharide cross-linked with pH-responsive
hydrazone linkages. The effect of the pH value of the environment
on the nanogels was fully reversible, leading to a reversible control
of the release of the payloads and a “stop-and-go” release
profile. In addition to the pH-sensitive nature of the hydrazone network,
the dextran backbone can be degraded through enzymatic cleavage. Furthermore,
the cross-linkers were designed to be responsive to oxidoreductive
cues.
Disulfide groups, responsive to reducing environments, and thioketal
groups, responsive to oxidative environments, were integrated into
the nanogel network. The release of model payloads was investigated
in response to changes in the pH value of the environment or to the
presence of reducing or oxidizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Machtakova
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Héloïse Thérien-Aubin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Dr, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
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42
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Contessi Negrini N, Angelova Volponi A, Sharpe PT, Celiz AD. Tunable Cross-Linking and Adhesion of Gelatin Hydrogels via Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4330-4346. [PMID: 34086456 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineering cytocompatible hydrogels with tunable physico-mechanical properties as a biomimetic three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) is fundamental to guide cell response and target tissue regeneration or development of in vitro models. Gelatin represents an optimal choice given its ECM biomimetic properties; however, gelatin cross-linking is required to ensure structural stability at physiological temperature (i.e., T > Tsol-gel gelatin). Here, we use a previously developed cross-linking reaction between tetrazine (Tz)- and norbornene (Nb) modified gelatin derivatives to prepare gelatin hydrogels and we demonstrate the possible tuning of their properties by varying their degree of modification (DOM) and the Tz/Nb ratio (R). The percentage DOM of the gelatin derivatives was tuned between 5 and 15%. Hydrogels prepared with higher DOM cross-linked faster (i.e., 10-20 min) compared to hydrogels prepared with lower DOM (i.e., 60-70 min). A higher DOM and equimolar Tz/Nb ratio R resulted in hydrogels with lower weight variation after immersion in PBS at 37 °C. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were tuned by varying DOM and R by 1 order of magnitude, achieving elastic modulus E values ranging from 0.5 (low DOM and nonequimolar Tz/Nb ratio) to 5 kPa (high DOM and equimolar Tz/Nb ratio). Human dental pulp stem cells were embedded in the hydrogels and successfully 3D cultured in the hydrogels (percentage viable cells >85%). An increase in metabolic activity and a more elongated cell morphology was detected for cells cultured in hydrogels with lower mechanical properties (E < 1 kPa). Hydrogels prepared with an excess of Tz or Nb were successfully adhered and remained in contact during in vitro cultures, highlighting the potential use of these hydrogels as compartmentalized coculture systems. The successful tuning of the gelatin hydrogel properties here developed by controlling their bioorthogonal cross-linking is promising for tissue engineering and in vitro modeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Contessi Negrini
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 86 Wood Ln, W12 0BZ London, U.K
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, U.K
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, U.K
| | - Adam D Celiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 86 Wood Ln, W12 0BZ London, U.K
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43
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Ma Z, Bao G, Li J. Multifaceted Design and Emerging Applications of Tissue Adhesives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007663. [PMID: 33956371 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tissue adhesives can form appreciable adhesion with tissues and have found clinical use in a variety of medical settings such as wound closure, surgical sealants, regenerative medicine, and device attachment. The advantages of tissue adhesives include ease of implementation, rapid application, mitigation of tissue damage, and compatibility with minimally invasive procedures. The field of tissue adhesives is rapidly evolving, leading to tissue adhesives with superior mechanical properties and advanced functionality. Such adhesives enable new applications ranging from mobile health to cancer treatment. To provide guidelines for the rational design of tissue adhesives, here, existing strategies for tissue adhesives are synthesized into a multifaceted design, which comprises three design elements: the tissue, the adhesive surface, and the adhesive matrix. The mechanical, chemical, and biological considerations associated with each design element are reviewed. Throughout the report, the limitations of existing tissue adhesives and immediate opportunities for improvement are discussed. The recent progress of tissue adhesives in topical and implantable applications is highlighted, and then future directions toward next-generation tissue adhesives are outlined. The development of tissue adhesives will fuse disciplines and make broad impacts in engineering and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Guangyu Bao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
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44
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Gao Y, Peng K, Mitragotri S. Covalently Crosslinked Hydrogels via Step-Growth Reactions: Crosslinking Chemistries, Polymers, and Clinical Impact. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006362. [PMID: 33988273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials with the unique property of high-water content in a crosslinked polymer network. In particular, chemically crosslinked hydrogels have made a great clinical impact in past years because of their desirable mechanical properties and tunability of structural and chemical properties. Various polymers and step-growth crosslinking chemistries are harnessed for fabricating such covalently crosslinked hydrogels for translational research. However, selecting appropriate crosslinking chemistries and polymers for the intended clinical application is time-consuming and challenging. It requires the integration of polymer chemistry knowledge with thoughtful crosslinking reaction design. This task becomes even more challenging when other factors such as the biological mechanisms of the pathology, practical administration routes, and regulatory requirements add additional constraints. In this review, key features of crosslinking chemistries and polymers commonly used for preparing translatable hydrogels are outlined and their performance in biological systems is summarized. The examples of effective polymer/crosslinking chemistry combinations that have yielded clinically approved hydrogel products are specifically highlighted. These hydrogel design parameters in the context of the regulatory process and clinical translation barriers, providing a guideline for the rational selection of polymer/crosslinking chemistry combinations to construct hydrogels with high translational potential are further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Gao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Peng
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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45
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Zhao X, Hu DA, Wu D, He F, Wang H, Huang L, Shi D, Liu Q, Ni N, Pakvasa M, Zhang Y, Fu K, Qin KH, Li AJ, Hagag O, Wang EJ, Sabharwal M, Wagstaff W, Reid RR, Lee MJ, Wolf JM, El Dafrawy M, Hynes K, Strelzow J, Ho SH, He TC, Athiviraham A. Applications of Biocompatible Scaffold Materials in Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:603444. [PMID: 33842441 PMCID: PMC8026885 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.603444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage, especially articular cartilage, is a unique connective tissue consisting of chondrocytes and cartilage matrix that covers the surface of joints. It plays a critical role in maintaining joint durability and mobility by providing nearly frictionless articulation for mechanical load transmission between joints. Damage to the articular cartilage frequently results from sport-related injuries, systemic diseases, degeneration, trauma, or tumors. Failure to treat impaired cartilage may lead to osteoarthritis, affecting more than 25% of the adult population globally. Articular cartilage has a very low intrinsic self-repair capacity due to the limited proliferative ability of adult chondrocytes, lack of vascularization and innervation, slow matrix turnover, and low supply of progenitor cells. Furthermore, articular chondrocytes are encapsulated in low-nutrient, low-oxygen environment. While cartilage restoration techniques such as osteochondral transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and microfracture have been used to repair certain cartilage defects, the clinical outcomes are often mixed and undesirable. Cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) may hold promise to facilitate cartilage repair. Ideally, the prerequisites for successful CTE should include the use of effective chondrogenic factors, an ample supply of chondrogenic progenitors, and the employment of cell-friendly, biocompatible scaffold materials. Significant progress has been made on the above three fronts in past decade, which has been further facilitated by the advent of 3D bio-printing. In this review, we briefly discuss potential sources of chondrogenic progenitors. We then primarily focus on currently available chondrocyte-friendly scaffold materials, along with 3D bioprinting techniques, for their potential roles in effective CTE. It is hoped that this review will serve as a primer to bring cartilage biologists, synthetic chemists, biomechanical engineers, and 3D-bioprinting technologists together to expedite CTE process for eventual clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel A. Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Di Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fang He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deyao Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Spine Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Ni
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mikhail Pakvasa
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kai Fu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kevin H. Qin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexander J. Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ofir Hagag
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eric J. Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maya Sabharwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer Moriatis Wolf
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mostafa El Dafrawy
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kelly Hynes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jason Strelzow
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sherwin H. Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Chang CY, Lin CC. Hydrogel Models with Stiffness Gradients for Interrogating Pancreatic Cancer Cell Fate. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:37. [PMID: 33805737 PMCID: PMC8002168 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and has seen only modest improvements in patient survival rate over the past few decades. PDAC is highly aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy, owing to the presence of a dense and hypovascularized fibrotic tissue, which is composed of stromal cells and extracellular matrices. Increase deposition and crosslinking of matrices by stromal cells lead to a heterogeneous microenvironment that aids in PDAC development. In the past decade, various hydrogel-based, in vitro tumor models have been developed to mimic and recapitulate aspects of the tumor microenvironment in PDAC. Advances in hydrogel chemistry and engineering should provide a venue for discovering new insights regarding how matrix properties govern PDAC cell growth, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. These engineered hydrogels are ideal for understanding how variation in matrix properties contributes to the progressiveness of cancer cells, including durotaxis, the directional migration of cells in response to a stiffness gradient. This review surveys the various hydrogel-based, in vitro tumor models and the methods to generate gradient stiffness for studying migration and other cancer cell fate processes in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Chang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Cai MH, Chen XY, Fu LQ, Du WL, Yang X, Mou XZ, Hu PY. Design and Development of Hybrid Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: Recent Trends in Anticancer Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:630943. [PMID: 33681168 PMCID: PMC7925894 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.630943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The applications of hydrogels in biomedical field has been since multiple decades. Discoveries in biology and chemistry render this platform endowed with much engineering potentials and growing continuously. Novel approaches in constructing these materials have led to the production of complex hybrid hydrogels systems that can incorporate both natural and synthetic polymers and other functional moieties for mediated cell response, tunable release kinetic profiles, thus they are used and research for diverse biomedical applications. Recent advancement in this field has established promising techniques for the development of biorelevant materials for construction of hybrid hydrogels with potential applications in the delivery of cancer therapeutics, drug discovery, and re-generative medicines. In this review, recent trends in advanced hybrid hydrogels systems incorporating nano/microstructures, their synthesis, and their potential applications in tissue engineering and anticancer drug delivery has been discussed. Examples of some new approaches including click reactions implementation, 3D printing, and photopatterning for the development of these materials has been briefly discussed. In addition, the application of biomolecules and motifs for desired outcomes, and tailoring of their transport and kinetic behavior for achieving desired outcomes in hybrid nanogels has also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Hua Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Chun'an First People's Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun'an Branch), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luo-Qin Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Chun'an First People's Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun'an Branch), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Lin Du
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Yang Hu
- Department of Traumatology, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People's Hospital), Taizhou, China
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Saeed M, Beigi-Boroujeni S, Rajabi S, Rafati Ashteiani G, Dolatfarahi M, Özcan M. A simple, green chemistry technology for fabrication of tissue-engineered scaffolds based on mussel-inspired 3D centrifugal spun. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111849. [PMID: 33579483 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of 3D fibrous scaffolds with highly interconnected pores has been crucial in the development of tissue regeneration techniques. The present study describes the fabrication of 3D fibrous scaffolds by freeze-drying of polydopamine (PDA) coated centrifugal spun gelatin fibers. We wanted to combine the mussel-inspired chemistry, Maillard reaction, and the 3D microstructural advantages of centrifugal spun fibers to develop the green fibrous scaffolds at low cost, high speed, and desired mold shape. The resultant PDA-gelatin fibers exhibited a smooth 3D microstructure with a uniform formation of PDA thin ad-layer that enhanced the mechanical properties and stability of the scaffolds, and thereby decreased the degradation rate. All scaffolds showed promising properties including good dimensional and mechanical stability under wet state, optimal porosity over 94%, and high water uptake of approximately 1500%. The results of cell culture studies, further confirmed that all scaffolds exhibited appropriate biocompatibility, cell proliferation, migration, and infiltration. Particularly, the PDA-coated scaffolds showed a significant enhancement in proliferation, migration, and infiltration of HDF-GFP+ cells. These results show that a 3D porous fibrous scaffold with simplifying tunable density and desirable shape on a large scale can be readily prepared for different fields of tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Saeed
- Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Beigi-Boroujeni
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur, Monterrey, 2501, N.L., Mexico; Hard Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sarah Rajabi
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Rafati Ashteiani
- Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Dolatfarahi
- Hard Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- University of Zürich, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Zürich, Switzerland
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Van Hoorick J, Dobos A, Markovic M, Gheysens T, Van Damme L, Gruber P, Tytgat L, Van Erps J, Thienpont H, Dubruel P, Ovsianikov A, Van Vlierberghe S. Thiol-norbornene gelatin hydrogels: influence of thiolated crosslinker on network properties and high definition 3D printing. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abc95f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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50
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Wang P, Zhang W, Yang R, Liu S, Ren Y, Liu X, Tan X, Chi B. Biomimetic poly(γ-glutamic acid) hydrogels based on iron (III) ligand coordination for cartilage tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1508-1516. [PMID: 33212107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For the problems in the research on differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), such as poor differentiation tendency and low differentiation efficiency, a novel photo-crosslinked extracellular matrix (ECM) inspired double network hydrogel that composed of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) hydrogel and Fe3+ ligand coordination was designed and manufactured. Compared with those traditional γ-PGA based hydrogels, the introduction of Fe3+ significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the hydrogel and accelerated the chondrogenesis efficiency of BMSCs chondrogenesis. The experimental results confirmed that the mechanical properties of hydrogel enhanced by the introduction of metal ions Fe3+ could promote BMSCs proliferation, induce cartilage-specific gene expression, and increase secretion of hydroxyproline (HYP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). As a result, this method could promote chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, accelerate the regeneration of cartilage, and was prospective to be conducive to the research work of cartilage defect repair. Thus, the mechanically enhanced γ-PGA hydrogel scaffold by Fe3+ could mediate BMSCs differentiation and provide a scientific and theoretical basis for research and development of biomedical materials on cartilage tissue engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yanhan Ren
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Bo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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