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Safdar M, Ullah M, Hamayun S, Wahab A, Khan SU, Abdikakhorovich SA, Haq ZU, Mehreen A, Naeem M, Mustopa AZ, Hasan N. Microbiome miracles and their pioneering advances and future frontiers in cardiovascular disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102686. [PMID: 38830479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant global health challenge, underscoring the need for innovative approaches to prevention and treatment. Recent years have seen a surge in interest in unraveling the complex relationship between the gut microbiome and cardiovascular health. This article delves into current research on the composition, diversity, and impact of the gut microbiome on CVD development. Recent advancements have elucidated the profound influence of the gut microbiome on disease progression, particularly through key mediators like Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and other microbial metabolites. Understanding these mechanisms reveals promising therapeutic targets, including interventions aimed at modulating the gut microbiome's interaction with the immune system and its contribution to endothelial dysfunction. Harnessing this understanding, personalized medicine strategies tailored to individuals' gut microbiome profiles offer innovative avenues for reducing cardiovascular risk. As research in this field continues to evolve, there is vast potential for transformative advancements in cardiovascular medicine, paving the way for precision prevention and treatment strategies to address this global health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Safdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muneeb Ullah
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shah Hamayun
- Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, 04485 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, 22080, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Zia Ul Haq
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Mehreen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Apon Zaenal Mustopa
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research, and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Nurhasni Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar 90245, Republic of Indonesia.
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Dong Y, Ren W, Sun Y, Duan X, Liu C. Aggregation-Augmented Magnetism of Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles and Enabling Magnetic Levitation-Based Exosome Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2407013. [PMID: 38936410 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Due to the presence of unpaired electron orbitals in most lanthanide ions, lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (LnNPs) exhibit paramagnetism. However, as to biosensing applications, the magnetism of LnNPs is so weak that can hardly be employed in target separation. Herein, it is discovered that the magnetism of the LnNPs is highly associated with their concentration in a confined space, enabling aggregation-augmented magnetism to make them susceptive to a conventional magnet. Accordingly, a magnetic levitation (Maglev) sensing system is designed, in which the target exosomes can specifically introduce paramagnetic LnNPs to the microbeads' surface, allowing aggregation-augmented magnetism and further leverage the microbeads' levitation height in the Maglev device to indicate the target exosomes' content. It is demonstrated that this Maglev system can precisely distinguish healthy people's blood samples from those of breast cancer patients. This is the first work to report that LnNPs hold great promise in magnetic separation-based biological sample sorting, and the LnNP-permitted Maglev sensing system is proven to be promising for establishing a new generation of biosensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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3
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Sözmen A, Arslan-Yildiz A. Utilizing Magnetic Levitation to Detect Lung Cancer-Associated Exosomes. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2043-2049. [PMID: 38520356 PMCID: PMC11059084 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, have attracted attention in the last few decades as novel cancer biomarkers. Exosomal membrane proteins provide easy-to-reach targets and can be utilized as information sources of their parent cells. In this study, a MagLev-based, highly sensitive, and versatile biosensor platform for detecting minor differences in the density of suspended objects is proposed for exosome detection. The developed platform utilizes antibody-functionalized microspheres to capture exosomal membrane proteins (ExoMPs) EpCAM, CD81, and CD151 as markers for cancerous exosomes, exosomes, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-derived exosomes, respectively. Initially, the platform was utilized for protein detection and quantification by targeting solubilized ExoMPs, and a dynamic range of 1-100 nM, with LoD values of 1.324, 0.638, and 0.722 nM for EpCAM, CD81, and CD151, were observed, respectively. Then, the sensor platform was tested using exosome isolates derived from NSCLC cell line A549 and MRC5 healthy lung fibroblast cell line. It was shown that the sensor platform is able to detect and differentiate exosomal biomarkers derived from cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. Overall, this innovative, simple, and rapid method shows great potential for the early diagnosis of lung cancer through exosomal biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper
Baran Sözmen
- Bioengineering Department, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahu Arslan-Yildiz
- Bioengineering Department, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
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4
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Bilginer Kartal R, Arslan Yildiz A. Exploring Neuronal Differentiation Profiles in SH-SY5Y Cells through Magnetic Levitation Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14955-14962. [PMID: 38585102 PMCID: PMC10993277 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a powerful and versatile technique that can sort objects based on their density differences. This paper reports the sorting of SH-SY5Y cells for neuronal differentiation by the MagLev technique. Herein, SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated with retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Neuronal differentiation was confirmed by neurite extension measurement and the immunostaining assay. Neurites reached the maximum length on day 9 after sequential treatment with RA-BDNF. Neuronal marker expression of un-/differentiated cells was investigated by β-III tubulin and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and differentiated cells exhibited a higher fluorescence intensity compared to un-/differentiated cells. MagLev results revealed that the density of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells gradually increased from 1.04 to 1.06 g/mL, while it remained stable at 1.05 g/mL for un-/differentiated cells. These findings signified that cell density would be a potent indicator of neuronal differentiation. Overall, it was shown that MagLev methodology can provide rapid, label-free, and easy sorting to analyze the differentiation of cells at a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahu Arslan Yildiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
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5
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Usman I, Anwar A, Shukla S, Pathak P. Mechanistic Review on the Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:13-39. [PMID: 38879769 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x310857240607103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which stand as the primary contributors to illness and death on a global scale, include vital risk factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, to name a few. However, conventional cardiovascular risk factors offer only partial insight into the complexity of CVDs. Lately, a growing body of research has illuminated that the gut microbiome and its by-products are also of paramount importance in the initiation and progression of CVDs. The gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of microorganisms, commonly known as gut microbiota, that metabolize nutrients, yielding substances like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and so on. Strategies aimed at addressing these microbes and their correlated biological pathways have shown promise in the management and diagnosis of CVDs. This review offers a comprehensive examination of how the gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of CVDs, particularly atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF), explores potential underlying mechanisms, and highlights emerging therapeutic prospects in this dynamic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Usman
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Aamir Anwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Shivang Shukla
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
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Hajipour MJ, Safavi-Sohi R, Sharifi S, Mahmoud N, Ashkarran AA, Voke E, Serpooshan V, Ramezankhani M, Milani AS, Landry MP, Mahmoudi M. An Overview of Nanoparticle Protein Corona Literature. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301838. [PMID: 37119440 PMCID: PMC10552659 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The protein corona forms spontaneously on nanoparticle surfaces when nanomaterials are introduced into any biological system/fluid. Reliable characterization of the protein corona is, therefore, a vital step in the development of safe and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic nanomedicine products. 2134 published manuscripts on the protein corona are reviewed and a down-selection of 470 papers spanning 2000-2021, comprising 1702 nanoparticle (NP) systems is analyzed. This analysis reveals: i) most corona studies have been conducted on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles; ii) despite their overwhelming presence in clinical practice, lipid-based NPs are underrepresented in protein corona research, iii) studies use new methods to improve reliability and reproducibility in protein corona research; iv) studies use more specific protein sources toward personalized medicine; and v) careful characterization of nanoparticles after corona formation is imperative to minimize the role of aggregation and protein contamination on corona outcomes. As nanoparticles used in biomedicine become increasingly prevalent and biochemically complex, the field of protein corona research will need to focus on developing analytical approaches and characterization techniques appropriate for each unique nanoparticle formulation. Achieving such characterization of the nano-bio interface of nanobiotechnologies will enable more seamless development and safe implementation of nanoparticles in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J Hajipour
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Reihaneh Safavi-Sohi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Shahriar Sharifi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nouf Mahmoud
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Airport Rd., 11733, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Ali Akbar Ashkarran
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Elizabeth Voke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Milad Ramezankhani
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Abbas S Milani
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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7
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Gao QH, Song PH, Zou HX, Wu ZY, Zhao LC, Zhang WM. Dynamically Rotating Magnetic Levitation to Characterize the Spatial Density Heterogeneity of Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300219. [PMID: 37127886 PMCID: PMC10369266 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a promising technology for density-based analysis and manipulation of nonmagnetic materials. One major limitation is that extant MagLev methods are based on the static balance of gravitational-magnetic forces, thereby leading to an inability to resolve interior differences in density. Here a new strategy called "dynamically rotating MagLev" is proposed, which combines centrifugal force and nonlinear magnetic force to amplify the interior differences in density. The design of the nonlinear magnetic force in tandem with centrifugal force supports the regulation of stable equilibriums, enabling different homogeneous objects to reach distinguishable equilibrium orientations. Without reducing the magnetic susceptibility, the dynamically rotating MagLev system can lead to a relatively large change in orientation angle (∆ψ > 50°) for the heterogeneous parts with small inclusions (volume fraction VF = 2.08%). The rich equilibrium states of levitating objects invoke the concept of levitation stability, which is employed, for the first time, to characterize the spatial density heterogeneity of objects. Exploiting the tunable nonlinear levitation behaviors of objects provides a new paradigm for developing operationally simple, nondestructive density heterogeneity characterization methods. Such methods have tremendous potential in applications related to sorting, orienting, and assembling objects in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Hui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xiang Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vehicle Power and Transmission System, Hunan Institute of Engineering, 88 Fuxing East Road, Xiangtan, 411104, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Chuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Ashkarran AA, Gharibi H, Zeki DA, Radu I, Khalighinejad F, Keyhanian K, Abrahamsson CK, Ionete C, Saei AA, Mahmoudi M. Multi-omics analysis of magnetically levitated plasma biomolecules. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 220:114862. [PMID: 36403493 PMCID: PMC9750732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We recently discovered that superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) can levitate plasma biomolecules in the magnetic levitation (MagLev) system and cause formation of ellipsoidal biomolecular bands. To better understand the composition of the levitated biomolecules in various bands, we comprehensively characterized them by multi-omics analyses. To probe whether the biomolecular composition of the levitated ellipsoidal bands correlates with the health of plasma donors, we used plasma from individuals who had various types of multiple sclerosis (MS), as a model disease with significant clinical importance. Our findings reveal that, while the composition of proteins does not show much variability, there are significant differences in the lipidome and metabolome profiles of each magnetically levitated ellipsoidal band. By comparing the lipidome and metabolome compositions of various plasma samples, we found that the levitated biomolecular ellipsoidal bands do contain information on the health status of the plasma donors. More specifically, we demonstrate that there are particular lipids and metabolites in various layers of each specific plasma pattern that significantly contribute to the discrimination of different MS subtypes, i.e., relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary-progressive MS (SPMS), and primary-progressive MS (PPMS). These findings will pave the way for utilization of MagLev of biomolecules in biomarker discovery for identification of diseases and discrimination of their subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Ashkarran
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hassan Gharibi
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17 177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dalia Abou Zeki
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Irina Radu
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Kiandokht Keyhanian
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Carolina Ionete
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17 177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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9
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Mirzaei H, Ramezankhani M, Earl E, Tasnim N, Milani AS, Hoorfar M. Investigation of a Sparse Autoencoder-Based Feature Transfer Learning Framework for Hydrogen Monitoring Using Microfluidic Olfaction Detectors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7696. [PMID: 36298047 PMCID: PMC9607618 DOI: 10.3390/s22207696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alternative fuel sources, such as hydrogen-enriched natural gas (HENG), are highly sought after by governments globally for lowering carbon emissions. Consequently, the recognition of hydrogen as a valuable zero-emission energy carrier has increased, resulting in many countries attempting to enrich natural gas with hydrogen; however, there are rising concerns over the safe use, storage, and transport of H2 due to its characteristics such as flammability, combustion, and explosivity at low concentrations (4 vol%), requiring highly sensitive and selective sensors for safety monitoring. Microfluidic-based metal-oxide-semiconducting (MOS) gas sensors are strong tools for detecting lower levels of natural gas elements; however, their working mechanism results in a lack of real-time analysis techniques to identify the exact concentration of the present gases. Current advanced machine learning models, such as deep learning, require large datasets for training. Moreover, such models perform poorly in data distribution shifts such as instrumental variation. To address this problem, we proposed a Sparse Autoencoder-based Transfer Learning (SAE-TL) framework for estimating the hydrogen gas concentration in HENG mixtures using limited datasets from a 3D printed microfluidic detector coupled with two commercial MOS sensors. Our framework detects concentrations of simulated HENG based on time-series data collected from a cost-effective microfluidic-based detector. This modular gas detector houses metal-oxide-semiconducting (MOS) gas sensors in a microchannel with coated walls, which provides selectivity based on the diffusion pace of different gases. We achieve a dominant performance with the SAE-TL framework compared to typical ML models (94% R-squared). The framework is implementable in real-world applications for fast adaptation of the predictive models to new types of MOS sensor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzaei
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Milad Ramezankhani
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Emily Earl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Abbas S. Milani
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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Doan-Nguyen TP, Crespy D. Advanced density-based methods for the characterization of materials, binding events, and kinetics. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8612-8651. [PMID: 36172819 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of the densities of chemicals and materials bring valuable insights into the fundamental understanding of matter and processes. Recently, advanced density-based methods have been developed with wide measurement ranges (i.e. 0-23 g cm-3), high resolutions (i.e. 10-6 g cm-3), compatibility with different types of samples and the requirement of extremely low volumes of sample (as low as a single cell). Certain methods, such as magnetic levitation, are inexpensive, portable and user-friendly. Advanced density-based methods are, therefore, beneficially used to obtain absolute density values, composition of mixtures, characteristics of binding events, and kinetics of chemical and biological processes. Herein, the principles and applications of magnetic levitation, acoustic levitation, electrodynamic balance, aqueous multiphase systems, and suspended microchannel resonators for materials science are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao P Doan-Nguyen
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
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11
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Papadopoulos PD, Tsigalou C, Valsamaki PN, Konstantinidis TG, Voidarou C, Bezirtzoglou E. The Emerging Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050948. [PMID: 35625685 PMCID: PMC9139035 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The collection of normally non-pathogenic microorganisms that mainly inhabit our gut lumen shapes our health in many ways. Structural and functional perturbations in the gut microbial pool, known as “dysbiosis”, have been proven to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although therapeutic regimes are available to treat this group of diseases, they have long been the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. While age, sex, genetics, diet, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption are major contributors (World Health Organization, 2018), they cannot explain all of the consequences of CVD. In addition to the abovementioned traditional risk factors, the constant search for novel preventative and curative tools has shed light on the involvement of gut bacteria and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of CVD. In this narrative review, we will discuss the established interconnections between the gut microbiota and CVD, as well as the plausible therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis D. Papadopoulos
- Master Programme Food, Nutrition and Microbiome, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (P.D.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Master Programme Food, Nutrition and Microbiome, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (P.D.P.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Pipitsa N. Valsamaki
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | | | | | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Master Programme Food, Nutrition and Microbiome, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (P.D.P.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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12
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Gao QH, Wen B, Kang Y, Zhang WM. Pump-free microfluidic magnetic levitation approach for density-based cell characterization. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 204:114052. [PMID: 35149454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation (MagLev) provides a simple but promising method for density-based analysis and detection down to the individual cell level. However, each existing MagLev configuration for the single-cell density measurement, mainly consisting of a capillary (∼50 mm) placed between two magnets, yields a fairly low sample utilization because of no knowledge about the sample cells in the regions other than the limited microscope vision. Moreover, the quantitative analysis may be affected due to the unclearly defined measurement area, which is specifically associated with the uneven magnetization of magnets, cell size, degree of aggregation. In this work, we explore a pump-free microfluidic magnetic levitation approach for density-based cell characterization, enabling sensitive and effective cellular density measurement on small sample volumes. The microfluidic MagLev comprises a pump-free microfluidic chip placed between two ring magnets with like poles facing. With no external pumps, connectors or control facility, much smaller amounts of fluids (∼4 μL) could be driven automatically in the entire microchannel in 16 s. Based on the pump-free mechanism, unique density signatures of cells from different lineages (ARPE-19, HCT116, HeLa, HT1080, Huh7) are characterized by monitoring the levitation profiles. Furthermore, variation in density of A549 lung cancer cells subjected to a drug treatment are observed in our platform, allowing evaluation of the efficacy of the drug treatment at the individual cell level. Thereby, the proposed pump-free microfluidic MagLev platform, a low-cost, fully automatic and portable design for label-free density-based cell characterization, provides a universal detection tool that operates efficiently within small-volume environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Baiqing Wen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yani Kang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Wen-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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13
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Ashkarran AA, Sharifi S, Abrahamsson CK, Mahmoudi M. In situ monitoring of photo-crosslinking reaction of water-soluble bifunctional macromers using magnetic levitation. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1195:339369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Dabbagh SR, Alseed MM, Saadat M, Sitti M, Tasoglu S. Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Levitation. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Rahmani Dabbagh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Sariyer Istanbul Turkey 34450
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR) Koç University Sariyer Istanbul Turkey 34450
| | - M. Munzer Alseed
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Boğaziçi University Çengelköy Istanbul Turkey 34684
| | - Milad Saadat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Sariyer Istanbul Turkey 34450
| | - Metin Sitti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Sariyer Istanbul Turkey 34450
- School of Medicine Koç University Istanbul 34450 Turkey
- Physical Intelligence Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Sariyer Istanbul Turkey 34450
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR) Koç University Sariyer Istanbul Turkey 34450
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Boğaziçi University Çengelköy Istanbul Turkey 34684
- Physical Intelligence Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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15
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Digiacomo L, Quagliarini E, La Vaccara V, Coppola A, Coppola R, Caputo D, Amenitsch H, Sartori B, Caracciolo G, Pozzi D. Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Ex Vivo Magnetic Levitation of Plasma Protein-Coated Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5155. [PMID: 34680304 PMCID: PMC8533958 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adeno Carcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, and the development of sensitive and specific technologies for its early diagnosis is vital to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate the diagnostic ability of magnetic levitation (MagLev) to detect PDAC by using levitation of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) decorated by a biomolecular corona of human plasma proteins collected from PDAC and non-oncological patients (NOP). Levitation profiles of corona-coated GO NPs injected in a MagLev device filled with a paramagnetic solution of dysprosium(III) nitrate hydrate in water enables to distinguish PDAC patients from NOP with 80% specificity, 100% sensitivity, and global classification accuracy of 90%. Our findings indicate that Maglev could be a robust and instrumental tool for the early detection of PDAC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Digiacomo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Erica Quagliarini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo La Vaccara
- Department of Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.L.V.); (A.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Alessandro Coppola
- Department of Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.L.V.); (A.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Coppola
- Department of Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.L.V.); (A.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Damiano Caputo
- Department of Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.L.V.); (A.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Barbara Sartori
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.D.); (G.C.)
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16
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Dheyab MA, Khaniabadi PM, Aziz AA, Jameel MS, Mehrdel B, Oglat AA, Khaleel HA. Focused role of nanoparticles against COVID-19: Diagnosis and treatment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102287. [PMID: 33836276 PMCID: PMC8022514 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) has witnessed a rapid and global proliferation since its early identification in patients with severe pneumonia in Wuhan, China. As of 27th May 2020, 2019-nCoV cases have risen to >5 million, with confirmed deaths of 350,000. However, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) diagnostic and treatment measures are yet to be fully unraveled, given the novelty of this particular coronavirus. Therefore, existing antiviral agents used for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were repurposed for COVID-19, taking their biological features into consideration. This study provides a concise review of the current and emerging detection and supervision technologies for SARS-CoV-2, which is the viral etiology of COVID19, and their performance characteristics, with emphasis on the novel Nano-based diagnostic tests (protein corona sensor array and magnetic levitation) and treatment measures (treatment protocols based on nano-silver colloids) for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Dheyab
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia; Nano-Biotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Pegah Moradi Khaniabadi
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine and Health Science, Sultan Qaboos University. PO. Box: 35, 123, Al Khod, Muscat, Oman
| | - Azlan Abdul Aziz
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia; Nano-Biotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Mahmood S Jameel
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia; Nano-Biotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Baharak Mehrdel
- New Technologies Research Centre, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ammar A Oglat
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Hawraa Ali Khaleel
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia
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17
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Mahmoudi M. Emerging Biomolecular Testing to Assess the Risk of Mortality from COVID-19 Infection. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:476-482. [PMID: 32379456 PMCID: PMC7241738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19) has produced an unprecedented global pandemic. Though the death rate from COVID-19 infection is ∼2%, many infected people recover at home. Among patients for whom COVID-19 is deadly are those with pre-existing comorbidities. Therefore, identification of populations at highest risk of COVID-19 mortality could significantly improve the capacity of healthcare providers to take early action and minimize the possibility of overwhelming care centers, which in turn would save many lives. Although several approaches have been used/developed (or are being developed/suggested) to diagnose COVID-19 infection, no approach is available/proposed for fast diagnosis of COVID-19 infections likely to be fatal. The central aim of this short perspective is to suggest a few possible nanobased technologies (i.e., protein corona sensor array and magnetic levitation) that could discriminate COVID-19-infected people while still in the early stages of infection who are at high risk of death. Such discrimination technologies would not only be useful in protecting health care centers from becoming overwhelmed but would also provide a powerful tool to better control possible future pandemics with a less social and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahmoudi
- Precision Health Program and Department of Radiology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United
States
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18
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Eftekhari A, Alipour M, Chodari L, Maleki Dizaj S, Ardalan M, Samiei M, Sharifi S, Zununi Vahed S, Huseynova I, Khalilov R, Ahmadian E, Cucchiarini M. A Comprehensive Review of Detection Methods for SARS-CoV-2. Microorganisms 2021; 9:232. [PMID: 33499379 PMCID: PMC7911200 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in China and its subsequent spread across the world has caused numerous infections and deaths and disrupted normal social activity. Presently, various techniques are used for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with various advantages and weaknesses to each. In this paper, we summarize promising methods, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), serological testing, point-of-care testing, smartphone surveillance of infectious diseases, nanotechnology-based approaches, biosensors, amplicon-based metagenomic sequencing, smartphone, and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) that can also be utilized for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we discuss principles, advantages, and disadvantages of these detection methods, and highlight the potential methods for the development of additional techniques and products for early and fast detection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Eftekhari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh 5515878151, Iran;
| | - Mahdieh Alipour
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166615731, Iran; (M.A.); (S.M.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Leila Chodari
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 571478334, Iran;
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166615731, Iran; (M.A.); (S.M.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Mohammadreza Ardalan
- Kidney Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166615731, Iran; (M.A.); (S.Z.V.)
| | - Mohammad Samiei
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166615731, Iran;
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166615731, Iran; (M.A.); (S.M.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Sepideh Zununi Vahed
- Kidney Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166615731, Iran; (M.A.); (S.Z.V.)
| | - Irada Huseynova
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev, Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan;
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku AZ 1148, Azerbaijan;
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems, 82100 Drohobych, Ukraine
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Kidney Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166615731, Iran; (M.A.); (S.Z.V.)
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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19
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Ashkarran AA, Mahmoudi M. Magnetic Levitation Systems for Disease Diagnostics. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:311-321. [PMID: 32861547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a well-documented, robust technique for density measurements and separations. Although the potential of MagLev as an emerging tool in biotechnology has been recently investigated, the practical use of MagLev in diagnosis and disease detection merits further attention. This review highlights the diagnostic capacity of a simple and portable MagLev system and the possibilities and limitations of the MagLev technique for density-based separation, classification, and manipulation of soft matter and biological systems (e.g., cells, proteins), which in turn may pave the way for the discovery of disease-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Ashkarran
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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20
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Kazemian N, Mahmoudi M, Halperin F, Wu JC, Pakpour S. Gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease: opportunities and challenges. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:36. [PMID: 32169105 PMCID: PMC7071638 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common health problem worldwide and remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade, it has become clear that the inhabitants of our gut, the gut microbiota, play a vital role in human metabolism, immunity, and reactions to diseases, including CAD. Although correlations have been shown between CAD and the gut microbiota, demonstration of potential causal relationships is much more complex and challenging. In this review, we will discuss the potential direct and indirect causal roots between gut microbiota and CAD development via microbial metabolites and interaction with the immune system. Uncovering the causal relationship of gut microbiota and CAD development can lead to novel microbiome-based preventative and therapeutic interventions. However, an interdisciplinary approach is required to shed light on gut bacterial-mediated mechanisms (e.g., using advanced nanomedicine technologies and incorporation of demographic factors such as age, sex, and ethnicity) to enable efficacious and high-precision preventative and therapeutic strategies for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Kazemian
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | | | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sepideh Pakpour
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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