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Hong KI, Choi S, Oh S, Ahn HS, Jang WD. Electrofluorochromic Hydrogels by Oligothiophene-Based Color-Tunable Fluorescent Dye Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31384-31391. [PMID: 38855921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Soft electronic materials hold great promise for advancing flexible functional devices. Among the various soft materials available, hydrogels are particularly attractive for soft electronic device development due to their inherent properties, including transparency, shape adaptability through swelling/deswelling, and self-healing capabilities. Transparent hydrogels contribute to the creation of advanced smart devices such as sensors, smart windows, and anticounterfeiting technologies. Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels are used as a platform for creating electrofluorochromic (EFC) devices in combination with oligothiophene-conjugated benzothiazole derivatives (OCBs) as fluorescent emitters. OCBs demonstrated excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behavior with a large Stokes shift and emission changes responsive to solvent polarity and pH stimuli. Even in the solid state, OCBs exhibited strong fluorescence emission across a wide range of colors from blue to red, making them exceptionally well-suited for EFC device development. Their quantum yields in the powder state were obtained between 2.3% and 19.9%. Through the incorporation of OCBs into a PVA hydrogel (OCB@PVA), we achieved the successful fabrication of flexible EFC devices, including electronic paper and smart panels. When electric potentials (-2.4 and +2.4 V) were applied in OCB@PVA, fluorescence color changes were observed by an electrochemically induced pH change owing to electrohydrolysis of water. These devices demonstrated the potential of OCB@PVA hydrogels in the realm of flexible electronics. They could be used to create innovative and versatile devices with stimuli-responsive fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Im Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyuk Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Lorero I, Rodríguez Á, Campo M, Prolongo SG. Development of an Electroactive and Thermo-Reversible Diels-Alder Epoxy Nanocomposite Doped with Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4715. [PMID: 38139966 PMCID: PMC10747943 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The manufacturing of Diels-Alder (D-A) crosslinked epoxy nanocomposites is an emerging field with several challenges to overcome: the synthesis is complex due to side reactions, the mechanical properties are hindered by the brittleness of these bonds, and the content of carbon nanotubes (CNT) added to achieve electroactivity is much higher than the percolation thresholds of other conventional resins. In this work, we develop nanocomposites with different D-A crosslinking ratios (0, 0.6, and 1.0) and CNT contents (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 wt.%), achieving a simplified route and avoiding the use of solvents and side reactions by selecting a two-step curing method (100 °C-6 h + 60 °C-12 h) that generates the thermo-reversible resins. These reversible nanocomposites show ohmic behavior and effective Joule heating, reaching the dissociation temperatures of the D-A bonds. The fully reversible nanocomposites (ratio 1.0) present more homogeneous CNT dispersion compared to the partially reversible nanocomposites (ratio 0.6), showing higher electrical conductivity, as well as higher brittleness. For this study, the nanocomposite with a partially reversible matrix (ratio 0.6) doped with 0.7 CNT wt.% was selected to allow us to study its new smart functionalities and performance due to its reversible network by analyzing self-healing and thermoforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Lorero
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; (Á.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Álvaro Rodríguez
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; (Á.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Mónica Campo
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; (Á.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Silvia G. Prolongo
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; (Á.R.); (M.C.)
- Instituto de Tecnologías Para la Sostenibilidad, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Mousavi A, Rahimnejad M, Azimzadeh M, Akbari M, Savoji H. Recent advances in smart wearable sensors as electronic skin. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10332-10354. [PMID: 37909384 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and multifunctional electronic devices and soft robots inspired by human organs, such as skin, have many applications. However, the emergence of electronic skins (e-skins) or textiles in biomedical engineering has made a great revolution in a myriad of people's lives who suffer from different types of diseases and problems in which their skin and muscles lose their appropriate functions. In this review, recent advances in the sensory function of the e-skins are described. Furthermore, we have categorized them from the sensory function perspective and highlighted their advantages and limitations. The categories are tactile sensors (including capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and optical), temperature, and multi-sensors. In addition, we summarized the most recent advancements in sensors and their particular features. The role of material selection and structure in sensory function and other features of the e-skins are also discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of these systems towards advanced biomedical applications are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mousavi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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4
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Yu H, Zhao L, Wang L. Double‐network
PVA
/gelatin/borax hydrogels with self‐healing, strength, stretchable, stable, and transparent properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanyang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin Jianzhu University Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin Jianzhu University Changchun People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Building Energy‐Saving Technology Engineering of Jilin Provincial, School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin Jianzhu University Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin Jianzhu University Changchun People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Building Energy‐Saving Technology Engineering of Jilin Provincial, School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin Jianzhu University Changchun People's Republic of China
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5
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Zhao C, Li FM, Zhai YF, Li S, Yu HY, Wang M. High-Wettability Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Substrate for Ultrastable Conductive Three-Dimensional Woven Ag Nanowire Grids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4835-4844. [PMID: 36642925 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) woven Ag nanowire (AgNW) grids have great potential for enhancing the mechanical stabilities, conductivity, and transmittance of flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs). However, it is a great challenge to control the formation of 3D woven AgNW grids on various substrates, especially the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate. This work presents a microtransfer-printing method for preparing a high-wettability poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate to control the formation of 3D woven AgNW grids. The as-prepared PDMS substrate shows a high wettability performance. The surface structures of the PDMS substrate can control the sharp shrinkage of the ink membrane to give rise to a uniform liquid membrane evaporation behavior, which is the key factor for preparing a uniform 3D woven nanowire network. A thin uniform 3D woven AgNW network with a low sheet resistance of 24.3 Ω/□ and high transmittance of 92% was coated on the PDMS substrate. The networks directly coated the surface of the replicated PDMS, which simplified the peeling process and protected the networks from peeling strain and mechanical deformations. Moreover, the increment of resistance retained a small value (∼5%) when bending cycles reached 9,000. An alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) device was prepared, and the uniform electroluminescence implies that a defect-free electrode has been fabricated. These results indicate that the as-prepared FTEs have excellent mechanical performance and great potential for flexible optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Fang-Mei Li
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhai
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Hong-Yu Yu
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
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6
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Boahen EK, Pan B, Kweon H, Kim JS, Choi H, Kong Z, Kim DJ, Zhu J, Ying WB, Lee KJ, Kim DH. Ultrafast, autonomous self-healable iontronic skin exhibiting piezo-ionic dynamics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7699. [PMID: 36509757 PMCID: PMC9744819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-healing properties and ionic sensing capabilities of the human skin offer inspiring groundwork for the designs of stretchable iontronic skins. However, from electronic to ionic mechanosensitive skins, simultaneously achieving autonomously superior self-healing properties, superior elasticity, and effective control of ion dynamics in a homogeneous system is rarely feasible. Here, we report a Cl-functionalized iontronic pressure sensitive material (CLiPS), designed via the introduction of Cl-functionalized groups into a polyurethane matrix, which realizes an ultrafast, autonomous self-healing speed (4.3 µm/min), high self-healing efficiency (91% within 60 min), and mechanosensitive piezo-ionic dynamics. This strategy promotes both an excellent elastic recovery (100%) and effective control of ion dynamics because the Cl groups trap the ions in the system via ion-dipole interactions, resulting in excellent pressure sensitivity (7.36 kPa-1) for tactile sensors. The skin-like sensor responds to pressure variations, demonstrating its potential for touch modulation in future wearable electronics and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis K. Boahen
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Baohai Pan
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukmin Kweon
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Choi
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengyang Kong
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Zhu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Bin Ying
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea ,grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
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7
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Meng Q, Lou S, Shen B, Wan X, Xiao X, Ma Y, Huo H, Yin G. Reevaluating Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries from the Insights of Mechanics and Electrochemistry. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Jeong K, Kwak MJ, Kim Y, Lee Y, Mun H, Kim MJ, Cho BJ, Choi SQ, Im SG. Vapor-phase synthesis of a reagent-free self-healing polymer film with rapid recovery of toughness at room temperature and under ambient conditions. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6907-6915. [PMID: 36047286 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A rapidly self-healable polymer is highly desirable but challenging to achieve. Herein, we developed an elastomeric film with instant self-healing ability within 10 s at room temperature. For this purpose, a series of copolymers of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (poly(GMA-co-HEA), or pGH) were synthesized in the vapor phase via an initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) process. The elastomer includes a large amount of hydroxyl groups in the 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) moiety capable of forming rapid, reversible hydrogen bonding at room temperature, while glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with a rigid methacrylic backbone chain in the copolymer provides mechanical robustness to the elastic copolymer. With the optimized copolymer composition, pGH indeed showed instant recovery of the toughness within a minute; a completely divided specimen could be welded within a minute at room temperature and under ambient conditions simply by placing the pieces in close contact, which showed the outstanding recovery performance of elastic modulus (93.2%) and toughness (15.6 MJ m-3). The rapid toughness recovery without supplementing any external energy or reagents (e.g. light, temperature, or catalyst) at room temperature and under ambient conditions will be useful in future wearable electronics and soft robotics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihoon Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moo Jin Kwak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youson Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeonwoo Mun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Ju Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Dankook University, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jin Cho
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury (KINC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury (KINC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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9
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Veerapandian S, Kim W, Kim J, Jo Y, Jung S, Jeong U. Printable inks and deformable electronic array devices. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:663-681. [PMID: 35660837 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deformable printed electronic array devices are expected to revolutionize next-generation electronics. However, although remarkable technological advances in printable inks and deformable electronic array devices have recently been achieved, technical challenges remain to commercialize these technologies. In this review article a brief introduction to printing methods highlighting significant research studies on ink formation for conductors, semiconductors, and insulators is provided, and the structural design and successful printing strategies of deformable electronic array devices are described. Successful device demonstrations are presented in the applications of passive- and active-matrix array devices. Finally, perspectives and technological challenges to be achieved are pointed out to print practically available deformable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Veerapandian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojo Kim
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngmin Jo
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Wang Y, Haick H, Guo S, Wang C, Lee S, Yokota T, Someya T. Skin bioelectronics towards long-term, continuous health monitoring. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3759-3793. [PMID: 35420617 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Skin bioelectronics are considered as an ideal platform for personalised healthcare because of their unique characteristics, such as thinness, light weight, good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical robustness, and great skin conformability. Recent advances in skin-interfaced bioelectronics have promoted various applications in healthcare and precision medicine. Particularly, skin bioelectronics for long-term, continuous health monitoring offer powerful analysis of a broad spectrum of health statuses, providing a route to early disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we discuss (1) representative healthcare sensing devices, (2) material and structure selection, device properties, and wireless technologies of skin bioelectronics towards long-term, continuous health monitoring, (3) healthcare applications: acquisition and analysis of electrophysiological, biophysical, and biochemical signals, and comprehensive monitoring, and (4) rational guidelines for the design of future skin bioelectronics for long-term, continuous health monitoring. Long-term, continuous health monitoring of advanced skin bioelectronics will open unprecedented opportunities for timely disease prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment, demonstrating great promise to revolutionise traditional medical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 32000, Israel.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shuyang Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Chunya Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Sunghoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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11
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Sun W, Luo N, Liu Y, Li H, Wang D. A New Self-Healing Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Polyurethane Coating and Its Application for Self-Powered Cathodic Protection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10498-10507. [PMID: 35179862 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for carbon neutrality, the development of renewable and recycle green energy has attracted wide attention from researchers. A novel self-healing triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was constructed by applying a linear silicone-modified polyurethane (PU) coating as a triboelectric layer, which was obtained by reacting hydroxypropyl silicone oil and hexamethylene diisocyanate under the catalysis of Sn. The linear self-healing coating as the friction electrode could effectively alleviate the damages of TENG devices during long-term energy harvesting. When the triboelectric layer of the TENG device shows abrasion, the broken silicone-modified polyurethane polymer chains would gradually be cross-linked again through hydrogen bonding to achieve a self-healing effect. The entire self-healing process of the friction coating could be completed in 30 min at room temperature. The PU-based self-healing TENG exhibits an evident and stable output performance with a short-circuit current of 31.9 μA and output voltage of 517.5 V after multiple cutting-healing cycles, which could light 480 commercial LEDs. Besides, a self-powered cathodic protection system supplied by the self-healing TENG was constructed, which could transfer negative triboelectric charges to the protected metal surface to achieve an anti-corrosion effect by harvesting mechanical energy. Due to the self-healing characteristics of the TENG device as the power supply part, this intelligent system possesses great application potential in the long-term corrosion protection of multiple metal application industries, such as the marine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Ning Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Daoai Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
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12
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Danner PM, Iacob M, Sasso G, Burda I, Rieger B, Nüesch F, Opris DM. Solvent-free synthesis and processing of conductive elastomer composites for "green" dielectric elastomer transducers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100823. [PMID: 35084072 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable electrodes are the more suitable for dielectric elastomer transducers (DET), the closer the mechanical characteristics of electrodes and elastomer are. Here, we present a solvent-free synthesis and processing of conductive composites with excellent electrical and mechanical properties for transducers. The composites are prepared by in-situ polymerization of cyclosiloxane monomers in the presence of graphene nanoplatelets. The low viscosity of the monomer allows for easy dispersion of the filler, eliminating the need for a solvent. After the polymerization, a cross-linking agent is added at room temperature, the composite is solvent-free screen-printed, and the cross-linking reaction is initiated by heating. The best material shows conductivity σ = 8.2 S∙cm-1 , Young's modulus Y10% = 167 kPa, and strain at break s = 305%. The electrode withstands large uniaxial strains without delamination, shows no conductivity losses during repeated operation for 500 000 cycles, and has an excellent recovery of electrical properties upon being stretched at strains of up to 180%. Reliable prototype capacitive sensors and stack actuators are manufactured by screen-printing the conductive composite on the dielectric film. Finally, stack actuators manufactured from dielectric and conductive materials that are synthesized solvent-free are demonstrated. The stack actuators even self-repair after a breakdown event. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Danner
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Ueberlandstr. 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland.,Wacker-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany.,Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Mihail Iacob
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Ueberlandstr. 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Sasso
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Ueberlandstr. 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Iurii Burda
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Mechanical Systems Engineering, Ueberlandstr. 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Frank Nüesch
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Ueberlandstr. 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland.,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Dorina M Opris
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Ueberlandstr. 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland.,Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
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13
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Faseela KP, Benny AP, Kim Y, Baik S. Highly Conductive Strong Healable Nanocomposites via Diels-Alder Reaction and Filler-Polymer Covalent Bifunctionalization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104764. [PMID: 34761523 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Healable stretchable conductive nanocomposites have received considerable attention. However, there has been a trade-off between the filler-induced electrical conductivity (σ) and polymer-driven mechanical strength. Here significant enhancements in both σ and mechanical strength by designing reversible covalent bonding of the polymer matrix and filler-matrix covalent bifunctionalization are reported. A polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene grafted with maleic anhydride forms the strong reversible covalent bonding with furfuryl alcohol through the Diels-Alder reaction. Small (7.5 nm) and medium (117 nm) nanosatellite particles are generated by in situ etching of silver flakes, enabling electron tunneling-assisted percolation. The filler-polymer covalent bifunctionalization is achieved by 3-mercaptopropanoic acid. Altogether, this results in high σ (108 300 S m-1 ) and tensile strength (16.4 MPa), breaking the trade-off behavior. A nearly perfect (≈100%) healing efficiency is achieved in both σ and tensile strength. The conductive nanocomposite figure of merit (1.78 T Pa S m-1 ), defined by the product of σ and tensile strength, is orders of magnitude greater than the data in literature. The nanocomposite may find applications in healable strain sensors and electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Faseela
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Aby Paul Benny
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Baik
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wu F, Liu Y, Zhang J, Duan S, Ji D, Yang H. Recent Advances in High-Mobility and High-Stretchability Organic Field-Effect Transistors: From Materials, Devices to Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100676. [PMID: 34928035 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are one of the essential building blocks for next-generation wearable electronics due to the high stretchability of OFET well matching with the large deformation of human skin. In recent years, some significant progress of stretchable OFETs have already been made via the strategies of stretchable molecular design and geometry engineering. However, the main opportunity and challenge of stretchable OFETs is still to simultaneously improve their stretchability and mobility. This review covers the recent advances in the research of stretchable OFETs with high mobility. First, the core stretchable materials are summarized, including organic semiconductors, electrodes, dielectrics, and substrates. Second, the materials and healing mechanism of self-healing OFET are summarized in detail. Subsequently, their different configurations and the potential applications are summarized. Finally, an outlook of future research directions and challenges in this area is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuming Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
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15
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Mai D, Mo J, Shan S, Lin Y, Zhang A. Self-Healing, Self-Adhesive Strain Sensors Made with Carbon Nanotubes/Polysiloxanes Based on Unsaturated Carboxyl-Amine Ionic Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49266-49278. [PMID: 34634200 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strain sensors with high sensitivity, long-term durability, and stretchability are required for flexible and wearable electronic devices. This paper reports a bilayer strain sensor consisting of carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ionically crosslinked polysiloxane substrates based on unsaturated acid-amine interactions. Vacuum filtration was adopted to prepare the CNT films (2.74-4.70 μm in thickness) onto the polysiloxane substrates to prepare stretchable conductive strain sensors. The strain sensor exhibited self-healing ability, self-adhesiveness, high sensitivity, linearity, low hysteresis, and long-term durability with a gauge factor of 33.99 at 55% strain. The sensitivity and linearity could be adjusted by the thickness of the CNT layer. A crack-related mechanism was proposed in which increasing the thickness of the CNT layer led to simultaneously enhanced sensitivity and linearity. Finally, we investigated the detection of human activities (bending/unbending of fingers or knees) and subtle motions (coughing and swallowing). The fabricated strain sensor succeeded in meeting various needs with satisfactory sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Mai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Jiaheng Mo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijie Shan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaling Lin
- College of Material and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
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16
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Wei Z, Wang Y, Fu X, Jiang L, Wang Y, Yuan A, Xu H, Lei J. Recyclable and Reprocessable Thermosetting Polyurea with High Performance Based on Diels-Alder Dynamic Covalent Crosslinking. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Karolina Pierchala M, Kadumudi FB, Mehrali M, Zsurzsan TG, Kempen PJ, Serdeczny MP, Spangenberg J, Andresen TL, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A. Soft Electronic Materials with Combinatorial Properties Generated via Mussel-Inspired Chemistry and Halloysite Nanotube Reinforcement. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9531-9549. [PMID: 33983022 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soft and electrically active materials are currently being utilized for intelligent systems, including electronic skin, cybernetics, soft robotics, and wearable devices. However, fabricating materials that fulfill the complex requirements of such advanced applications remains a challenge. These attributes include electronic, adhesive, self-healing, flexible, moldable, printable, and strong mechanical properties. Inspired by the recent interest in transforming monofunctional materials into multifunctional ones through nanoreinforcement and mussel-inspired chemistry, we have designed a simple two-step methodology based on halloysite nanotube (HNT) and polydopamine (PDA) to address the grand challenges in the field. In brief, HNTs were coated with PDA and embedded within a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based polymeric matrix in combination with ferric ions (Fe3+). The final composite displayed a 3-fold increase in electrical conductivity, a 20-fold increase in mechanical stiffness, and a 7-fold increase in energy dissipation in comparison to their nonfunctional counterparts, which arose from a combination of nanotube alignment and mussel-inspired chemistry. Moreover, the developed composite could elongate up to 30000% of its original length, maintain its electrical properties after 600% strain, self-heal within seconds (both electrically and mechanically), and display strain-sensitivity. Finally, it was 3D-printable and thus amenable for engineering of customized wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Mehrali
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tiberiu-Gabriel Zsurzsan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul J Kempen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marcin Piotr Serdeczny
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jon Spangenberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Tan YJ, Susanto GJ, Anwar Ali HP, Tee BCK. Progress and Roadmap for Intelligent Self-Healing Materials in Autonomous Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002800. [PMID: 33346389 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Robots are increasingly assisting humans in performing various tasks. Like special agents with elite skills, they can venture to distant locations and adverse environments, such as the deep sea and outer space. Micro/nanobots can also act as intrabody agents for healthcare applications. Self-healing materials that can autonomously perform repair functions are useful to address the unpredictability of the environment and the increasing drive toward the autonomous operation. Having self-healable robotic materials can potentially reduce costs, electronic wastes, and improve a robot endowed with such materials longevity. This review aims to serve as a roadmap driven by past advances and inspire future cross-disciplinary research in robotic materials and electronics. By first charting the history of self-healing materials, new avenues are provided to classify the various self-healing materials proposed over several decades. The materials and strategies for self-healing in robotics and stretchable electronics are also reviewed and discussed. It is believed that this article encourages further innovation in this exciting and emerging branch in robotics interfacing with material science and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Innovation in Health Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Glenys Jocelin Susanto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Hashina Parveen Anwar Ali
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Innovation in Health Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute of Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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19
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Arenas-Guerrero P, Delgado ÁV, Ahualli S, Jiménez ML. Polymer-induced orientation of nanowires under electric fields. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 591:58-66. [PMID: 33592526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The controlled orientation of metallic wires inside a polymeric medium can enhance desired properties of the composites, such as the electrical conductivity or the optical transmittance. In this work, we study silver nanowire orientation in semidilute suspensions of DNA and find an intriguing effect: under the application of low-frequency AC electric fields with moderate amplitude, the DNA coils can provoke the orientation of the wires in solution. The phenomenon is entirely induced by the polymer, when it is deformed by the application of an electric field. This effect is explained using computer simulations based on excluded-volume interactions. Moreover, we experimentally show that such a behaviour is not exclusive of silver nanowire-DNA suspensions, but rather occurs for other particle-polymer systems. This phenomenon can be taken advantage of to achieve strong orientation of particles otherwise insensitive to electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Arenas-Guerrero
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Ángel V Delgado
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Silvia Ahualli
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María L Jiménez
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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20
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Bark H, Lee PS. Surface modification of liquid metal as an effective approach for deformable electronics and energy devices. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2760-2777. [PMID: 34164040 PMCID: PMC8179365 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05310d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fields of flexible or stretchable electronics and energy devices, reconfigurable and compliant soft robotics, wearable e-textiles or health-care devices have paid significant attention to the need of deformable conductive electrodes due to its critical role in device performances. Gallium-based liquid metals, such as the eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) being an electrically conductive liquid phase at room temperature, have attracted immense interests as a promising candidate for deformable conductor. However, in the case of bulk liquid metal, there are several limitations such as the need of encapsulation, dispersion in a polymer matrix, or accurate patterning. For these reasons, the preparation of liquid metal particles in harnessing the properties in a non-bulk form and surface modification is crucial for the success of incorporating liquid metal into functional devices. Herein, we discuss the current progress in chemical surface modification and interfacial manipulations of liquid metal particles. The physical and chemical properties of the surface modification-assisted liquid metal polymer composite are also reviewed. Lastly, the applications of the surface-modified liquid metal particles such as flexible electrode, soft robotics, energy storage or harvester, thermal conductor, dielectric sensor, and bioelectronics are discussed, and the corresponding perspectives of deformable electronics and energy devices are provided. In particular, we focus on the functionalization method or requirement of liquid metal particles in each application. The challenging issues and outlook on the applications of surface-modified liquid metal particles are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Bark
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798
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21
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Zhang Q, Chen G, Li R, Lin L, He M. Mechanically tough yet self-healing transparent conductive elastomers obtained using a synergic dual cross-linking strategy. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01760d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A tough yet self-healing transparent conductive elastomer was synthesized by introducing Al(iii)-carboxyl complexes into photo-polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (PDES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- School of Light Industry and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Guangxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- School of Light Industry and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Ren'ai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- School of Light Industry and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Liang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- School of Light Industry and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Minghui He
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- School of Light Industry and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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22
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Wang X, Li X, Yang X, Lei K, Wang L. The innovative fabrication of nano-natural antimicrobial agent@polymeric microgels-TiO 2 hybrid films capable of absorbing UV and antibacterial on touch screen panel. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111410. [PMID: 33113492 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is significant to develop a protective film (coating) for touch screen panels with combined absorbing UV and antibacterial performances. This work developed a smart strategy to fabricate multifunctional protective films for touch screen panels. Polymeric microgels of polyquaternium-10 (PQ) and sodium alginate (SA) were firstly fabricated based on electrostatic interactions. The PQ-SA microgels solution was then cast on a glass substrate to produce PQ-SA films. Further, peroxo titanic acid as cross-linking agent was employed to cross link PQ-SA films via forming coordination bonds between polymers and Ti of peroxo titanic acid, whereafter TiO2 nanoparticles were generated in situ in PQ-SA films by hydrolyzing the peroxo titanic acid to endow PQ-SA films with excellent absorbing UV ability. Moreover, water-soluble quercetin and resveratrol nanoparticles are fabricated by incorporating solvent exchange method and borate esterification reaction and were loaded into the PQ-TiO2-SA films to give the films good antibacterial performance. The as-prepared multifunctional films not only exhibited excellent absorbing UV, filtering visible light and antibacterial properties, but also possessed good water resistance, abrasion resistance, self-healing performances and high adhesion to a glass substrate. We believe that present multifunctional film as a protective film for touch screen panels can provide protection for users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaozhou Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xuxuan Yang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Kai Lei
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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23
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Haskew MJ, Hardy JG. A Mini-Review of Shape-Memory Polymer-Based Materials : Stimuli-responsive shape-memory polymers. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1595/205651319x15754757916993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) enable the production of stimuli-responsive polymer-based materials with the ability to undergo a large recoverable deformation upon the application of an external stimulus. Academic and industrial research interest in the shape-memory effects (SMEs) of
these SMP-based materials is growing for task-specific applications. This mini-review covers interesting aspects of SMP-based materials, their properties, how they may be investigated and highlights examples of the potential applications of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew J. Haskew
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Institute, Faraday Building, Lancaster University Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Institute, Faraday Building, Lancaster University Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
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24
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Jing L, Moloney MG, Xu H, Liu L, Sun W, Li J, Yang P. Carbene modification and reversible crosslinking of silver nanoparticles for controlled antibacterial activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14937. [PMID: 32913281 PMCID: PMC7484751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) system capable of exhibiting different particle size at different temperature was developed, which depended on the extent of Diels-Alder (DA) reaction of bismaleimide with furan. Thus, Ag NPs were functionalized on the surface by a furyl-substituted carbene through an insertion reaction. Subsequent reversible DA crosslinking achieved a controlled aggregation with different particle size, which gives a series of different antibacterial activity. These Ag NPs were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Nanoparticle Size Analyzer. The aggregation of the Ag NPs could be reliably adjusted by varying the temperature of DA/reverse-DA reaction. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the inhibition zone method against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which decreased first and then increased in agreement with the size evolution of Ag NPs. This approach opens a new horizon for the carbene chemistry to modify silver nanoparticles with variable size and give controlled antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Jing
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark G Moloney
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Jia H, Gu SY. A near infrared induced self-healable composite based on disulfide bonds for flexible electronics. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Luo N, Feng Y, Wang D, Zheng Y, Ye Q, Zhou F, Liu W. New Self-Healing Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Simultaneous Repair Friction Layer and Conductive Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30390-30398. [PMID: 32530268 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new self-healing triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was fabricated by combining a temperature responsive polymer material of polycaprolactone (PCL) with flexible silver nanowires (Ag NWs), which could cope with the damages of TENGs in the long-term use of energy harvesting. Two different structured TENGs were designed to investigate their properties of self-recovery of the friction surfaces and conducting layers. When the top surface of the friction electrode is damaged, the healable PCL polymer will intenerate by heating and flow to the wound to realize the self-healing purpose. If the conductive layer at the bottom of the TENG electrode is also damaged, PCL will also drive the Ag NW network at the bottom of the electrode to move for healing during the heating process. This type of self-healing TENGs with a sandwich structure can exhibit a stable and high output performance with an output voltage of 800 V and a short-circuit current of 30 μA after several cutting-healing cycles, which can easily light up 372 commercial light-emitting diodes. This work proposes a simple and effective method to design a self-healing TENG, which has a widespread application prospect to prolong the life of TENGs for restoring the loss of output caused by rapid and repeated cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luo
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yange Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Daoai Wang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qian Ye
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Electron tunneling of hierarchically structured silver nanosatellite particles for highly conductive healable nanocomposites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2252. [PMID: 32382034 PMCID: PMC7206115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Healable conductive materials have received considerable attention. However, their practical applications are impeded by low electrical conductivity and irreversible degradation after breaking/healing cycles. Here we report a highly conductive completely reversible electron tunneling-assisted percolation network of silver nanosatellite particles for putty-like moldable and healable nanocomposites. The densely and uniformly distributed silver nanosatellite particles with a bimodal size distribution are generated by the radical and reactive oxygen species-mediated vigorous etching and reduction reaction of silver flakes using tetrahydrofuran peroxide in a silicone rubber matrix. The close work function match between silicone and silver enables electron tunneling between nanosatellite particles, increasing electrical conductivity by ~5 orders of magnitude (1.02×103 Scm−1) without coalescence of fillers. This results in ~100% electrical healing efficiency after 1000 breaking/healing cycles and stability under water immersion and 6-month exposure to ambient air. The highly conductive moldable nanocomposite may find applications in improvising and healing electrical parts. Self-healable conductive materials are of importance for emerging electronic technologies. Here, Suh et al. report a nanocomposite exhibiting high conductivity facilitated by electron tunneling between silver nanoparticles and its 100% recovery of conductivity after 1000 breaking and healing cycles.
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28
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Yang R, Yao Y, Duan Z, Yuan Z, Tai H, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, Wang D. Constructing Electrically and Mechanically Self-Healing Elastomers by Hydrogen Bonded Intermolecular Network. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3029-3037. [PMID: 32176511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One key limitation of artificial skin-like materials is the shortened service life caused by mechanical damages during practical applications. The ability to self-heal can effectively extend the material service life, reduce the maintenance cost, and ensure safety. Therefore, it is important and necessary to fabricate materials with simultaneously mechanical and electrical self-healing behavior in a facile and convenient way. Herein, we report a stretchable and conductive self-healing elastomer based on intermolecular networks between poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through a facile and convenient postreduction and one-pot method. The introduction of rGO provides the PAA-GO elastomers with good mechanical stability and electrical properties. Moreover, this material exhibited both electrical and mechanical self-healing properties. After cutting, the elastomers self-healed quickly (∼30 s) and efficiently (∼95%) at room temperature. The elastomers were accurate and reliable in detecting external strain even after healing. The elastomers were further applied for strain sensors, which were attached directly to human skin to monitor external movements, including finger bending and wrist twisting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Yujin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Zaihua Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Huiling Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, PR China
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29
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Wang H, Yang Y, Zhang M, Wang Q, Xia K, Yin Z, Wei Y, Ji Y, Zhang Y. Electricity-Triggered Self-Healing of Conductive and Thermostable Vitrimer Enabled by Paving Aligned Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14315-14322. [PMID: 32134257 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conducting films are important for the development of modern electronics. However, most of these conducting films become susceptible to structure fractures under complex deformations or accidental damages, causing the devices to fail to work. Inspired by the self-healing capability of creatures, we developed a self-healing, thermostable, and electrically conducting film that can be healed by electricity by paving aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets onto the surface of liquid crystal elastomer composite films. The aligned CNT sheets make the composites conductive, so the composites can be healed not only by light but also by electricity after breaking. The scratches on the self-healing film can be healed easily under a voltage of 1.18 V/mm because of the electro-thermal effect of aligned CNT sheets. The healed film has almost the same mechanical properties compared to the pristine sample. The electrical and mechanical self-healing of the film is derived from the electrical reconnection of carbon nanotubes and transesterification-induced topology change of the network, respectively. We further demonstrated soft actuators and high-performance supercapacitors based on the prepared self-healing conducting films. This method for preparing self-healing conducting films enables the development of self-healing electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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30
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Kim SO, Han CJ, Kim Y, Kim KS, Kim DU, Lee CR, Kim JW. Fabrication of a Bending-Insensitive In-Plane Strain Sensor from a Reversible Cross-Linker-Functionalized Silicone Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6516-6524. [PMID: 31913010 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A reversibly cross-linkable and transparent polymer featuring stretchability and thermal healability is prepared by introducing Diels-Alder (DA)-reactive moieties into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), namely, a healable PDMS (h-PDMS). Inspired by the fact that retro-DA reactions occur even at low temperatures (albeit at a low rate), we maximize the effectiveness of small reactant products, demonstrating that self-healing and self-integration realized by 1-3 min exposure of cured h-PDMS to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) vapor is more efficient than that achieved by direct sample heating at high temperatures. This technology is first used to uniformly transfer Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) formed on a temporary substrate to the h-PDMS surface, and further MEK vapor treatment allows the transferred NWs to be impregnated below the h-PDMS surface to afford an in-plane strain sensor. Most importantly, the developed method is used to perfectly integrate two identical Ag NW/h-PDMS films and thus place NWs on a neutral plane. Consequently, because of the unique structure in which a percolated network of AgNWs is formed on the interface where the two identical h-PDMS films are chemically integrated, the fabricated sensor is transparent, self-healable, stretchable, and insensitive to bending but sensitively responds to in-plane strain induced by lateral deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ok Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering , Jeonbuk National University , 567 Baekje-daero , Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Jong Han
- Display Materials & Components Research Center , Korea Electronics Technology Institute , Seongnam 13509 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Kim
- Display Materials & Components Research Center , Korea Electronics Technology Institute , Seongnam 13509 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seok Kim
- Carbon & Light Materials Application Group , Korea Institute of Industrial Technology , 222 Palbok-ro , Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54853 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Up Kim
- Carbon & Light Materials Application Group , Korea Institute of Industrial Technology , 222 Palbok-ro , Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54853 , Republic of Korea
| | - Cheul-Ro Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering , Jeonbuk National University , 567 Baekje-daero , Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering , Jeonbuk National University , 567 Baekje-daero , Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896 , Republic of Korea
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31
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Ye G, Song Z, Yu T, Tan Q, Zhang Y, Chen T, He C, Jin L, Liu N. Dynamic Ag-N Bond Enhanced Stretchable Conductor for Transparent and Self-Healing Electronic Skin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1486-1494. [PMID: 31793286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable conductors have been achieved by stacking conductive nanomaterials onto the surfaces of elastomeric substrates. However, many of them show a dramatic decrease in conductivity under strain without an efficient way for the conductive layer to release strain. Here, we report a transparent, stretchable, and self-healing conductor with excellent mechanoelectrical stability by introducing dynamic bonding between conductive nanomaterials and an elastomeric substrate. We prepare the conductor by semiembedding Ag nanowires (AgNWs) into a self-healing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based elastomer, which is modified with bipyridine (Bpy) ligand and further cross-linked by adding Zn2+ as coordinator (Zn-Bpy-PDMS). The dynamic Ag-N bonds not only improve the wettability of the substrate and facilitate the spreading of AgNWs but also reversibly break and reform to accommodate the deformation of AgNWs. As a result, the resistance increase of Zn-Bpy-PDMS/AgNWs is much smaller than that without the dynamic bonding (PDMS/AgNWs). Besides, this conductor exhibits excellent conductivity (76.2 Ω/sq) and transparency (86.6% @ 550 nm), as well as extraordinary self-healing property with a low resistance increase (ΔR/R0 ∼ 1.4) after healing at room temperature for 1 day. This work provides insights into the future design of integrated electronic skin with transparency, stretchability, conductivity, and self-healing capability for applications in wearable optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Zizheng Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Tianhao Yu
- Beijing Graphene Institute , Beijing 100094 , P. R. China
| | - Qishuo Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Tinglei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Changcheng He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Lihua Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Nan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute , Beijing 100094 , P. R. China
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32
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Wang P, Yang L, Dai B, Yang Z, Guo S, Gao G, Xu L, Sun M, Yao K, Zhu J. A self-healing transparent polydimethylsiloxane elastomer based on imine bonds. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Wu B, Liu Z, Lei Y, Wang Y, Liu Q, Yuan A, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Lei J. Mutually-complementary structure design towards highly stretchable elastomers with robust strength and autonomous self-healing property. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Li Q, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Zhu X. Organoselenium chemistry-based polymer synthesis. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00640h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel synthesis of selenium containing polymers with pre-determined structures and applications thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Zijun Chen
- The Faculty of Engineering
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Jian Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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35
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Wu X, Huang J, Yu S, Ruan P, Sun R, Wong CP. Thermally Self-Healable Titanium Dioxide/Polyurethane Nanocomposites with Recoverable Mechanical and Dielectric Properties. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Sun Y, Yang M, Guo Y, Cheng M, Dong B, Shi F. A Photowelding Strategy for Conductivity Restoration in Flexible Circuits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Mingcheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yutong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Mengjiao Cheng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Bin Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Feng Shi
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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37
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Sun Y, Yang M, Guo Y, Cheng M, Dong B, Shi F. A Photowelding Strategy for Conductivity Restoration in Flexible Circuits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1098-1102. [PMID: 31642166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven micropumps, which are based on electro-osmosis with the electric field generated by photocatalytic reactions, are among most attractive research topics in chemical micromotors. Until now, research in this field has mainly been focused on the directional motion or collective behavior of microparticles, which lack practical applications. In this study, we have developed a photowelding strategy for repeated photoinduced conductivity recovery of cracked flexible circuits. We immersed the circuit in a suspension of conductive healing particles and applied photoillumination to the crack; photocatalysis of a predeposited pentacene (PEN) layer triggered electro-osmotic effects to gather conductive particles at the crack, thus leading to conductivity recovery of the circuit. This photowelding strategy is a novel application of light-driven micropumps and photocatalysis for conductivity restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingcheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yutong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjiao Cheng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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38
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Oh JY, Son D, Katsumata T, Lee Y, Kim Y, Lopez J, Wu HC, Kang J, Park J, Gu X, Mun J, Wang NGJ, Yin Y, Cai W, Yun Y, Tok JBH, Bao Z. Stretchable self-healable semiconducting polymer film for active-matrix strain-sensing array. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav3097. [PMID: 31723597 PMCID: PMC6839939 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Skin-like sensory devices should be stretchable and self-healable to meet the demands for future electronic skin applications. Despite recent notable advances in skin-inspired electronic materials, it remains challenging to confer these desired functionalities to an active semiconductor. Here, we report a strain-sensitive, stretchable, and autonomously self-healable semiconducting film achieved through blending of a polymer semiconductor and a self-healable elastomer, both of which are dynamically cross-linked by metal coordination. We observed that by controlling the percolation threshold of the polymer semiconductor, the blend film became strain sensitive, with a gauge factor of 5.75 × 105 at 100% strain in a stretchable transistor. The blend film is also highly stretchable (fracture strain, >1300%) and autonomously self-healable at room temperature. We proceed to demonstrate a fully integrated 5 × 5 stretchable active-matrix transistor sensor array capable of detecting strain distribution through surface deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Donghee Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, 02791 Seoul, South Korea
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Toru Katsumata
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
- Corporate Research and Development, Performance Materials Technology Center, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 2-1 Samejima, Fuji, Shizuoka 416-8501, Japan
| | - Yeongjun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Jiheong Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Joonsuk Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Nathan Ging-Ji Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Yikai Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Youngjun Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, South Korea
| | - Jeffrey B.-H. Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA
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39
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Yang JC, Mun J, Kwon SY, Park S, Bao Z, Park S. Electronic Skin: Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Skin-Attachable Devices for Health Monitoring, Robotics, and Prosthetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904765. [PMID: 31538370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in electronic skin or e-skin research is broadly reviewed, focusing on technologies needed in three main applications: skin-attachable electronics, robotics, and prosthetics. First, since e-skin will be exposed to prolonged stresses of various kinds and needs to be conformally adhered to irregularly shaped surfaces, materials with intrinsic stretchability and self-healing properties are of great importance. Second, tactile sensing capability such as the detection of pressure, strain, slip, force vector, and temperature are important for health monitoring in skin attachable devices, and to enable object manipulation and detection of surrounding environment for robotics and prosthetics. For skin attachable devices, chemical and electrophysiological sensing and wireless signal communication are of high significance to fully gauge the state of health of users and to ensure user comfort. For robotics and prosthetics, large-area integration on 3D surfaces in a facile and scalable manner is critical. Furthermore, new signal processing strategies using neuromorphic devices are needed to efficiently process tactile information in a parallel and low power manner. For prosthetics, neural interfacing electrodes are of high importance. These topics are discussed, focusing on progress, current challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5025, USA
| | - Se Young Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5025, USA
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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40
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Zhao Y, Kim A, Wan G, Tee BCK. Design and applications of stretchable and self-healable conductors for soft electronics. NANO CONVERGENCE 2019; 6:25. [PMID: 31367883 PMCID: PMC6669229 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-019-0195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soft and conformable electronics are emerging rapidly and is envisioned as the future of next-generation electronic devices where devices can be readily deployed in various environments, such as on-body, on-skin or as a biomedical implant. Modern day electronics require electrical conductors as the fundamental building block for stretchable electronic devices and systems. In this review, we will study the various strategies and methods of designing and fabricating materials which are conductive, stretchable and self-healable, and explore relevant applications such as flexible and stretchable sensors, electrodes and energy harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Aeree Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Guanxiang Wan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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Kim SH, Seo H, Kang J, Hong J, Seong D, Kim HJ, Kim J, Mun J, Youn I, Kim J, Kim YC, Seok HK, Lee C, Tok JBH, Bao Z, Son D. An Ultrastretchable and Self-Healable Nanocomposite Conductor Enabled by Autonomously Percolative Electrical Pathways. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6531-6539. [PMID: 31072094 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Both self-healable conductors and stretchable conductors have been previously reported. However, it is still difficult to simultaneously achieve high stretchability, high conductivity, and self-healability. Here, we observed an intriguing phenomenon, termed "electrical self-boosting", which enables reconstructing of electrically percolative pathways in an ultrastretchable and self-healable nanocomposite conductor (over 1700% strain). The autonomously reconstructed percolative pathways were directly verified by using microcomputed tomography and in situ scanning electron microscopy. The encapsulated nanocomposite conductor shows exceptional conductivity (average value: 2578 S cm-1; highest value: 3086 S cm-1) at 3500% tensile strain by virtue of efficient strain energy dissipation of the self-healing polymer and self-alignment and rearrangement of silver flakes surrounded by spontaneously formed silver nanoparticles and their self-assembly in the strained self-healing polymer matrix. In addition, the conductor maintains high conductivity and stretchability even after recovered from a complete cut. Besides, a design of double-layered conductor enabled by the self-bonding assembly allowed a conducting interface to be located on the neutral mechanical plane, showing extremely durable operations in a cyclic stretching test. Finally, we successfully demonstrated that electromyogram signals can be monitored by our self-healable interconnects. Such information was transmitted to a prosthetic robot to control various hand motions for robust interactive human-robot interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hong Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , 1-Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseon Seo
- Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiheong Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5025 , United States
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Advanced Analysis Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Duhwan Seong
- Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5025 , United States
| | - Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5025 , United States
| | - Inchan Youn
- Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kwang Seok
- Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , 1-Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5025 , United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5025 , United States
| | - Donghee Son
- Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
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42
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Wu X, Peng H. Polymer-based flexible bioelectronics. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:634-640. [PMID: 36659632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the mechanical mismatch between conventional rigid electronic devices and soft tissues at nature, a lot of interests have been attracted to develop flexible bioelectronics that work well both in vitro and in vivo. To this end, polymers that can be used for both key components and substrates are indispensable to achieve high performances such as high sensitivity and long-term stability for sensing applications. Here we will summarize the recent advances on the synthesis of a variety of polymers, the design of typical architectures and the integration of different functions for the flexible bioelectronic devices. The remaining challenges and promising directions are highlighted to provide inspirations for the future study on the emerging flexible bioelectronics at end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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43
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Yan S, Zhang G, Jiang H, Li F, Zhang L, Xia Y, Wang Z, Wu Y, Li H. Highly Stretchable Room-Temperature Self-Healing Conductors Based on Wrinkled Graphene Films for Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10736-10744. [PMID: 30801171 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Flexible conductors are emerging soft materials for diverse electrical applications. However, it still remains a great challenge to fabricate high-performance soft conductors that are highly conductive, largely stretchable, and rapid room-temperature self-healable. Here, we design and fabricate flexible conductive bilayer composite films composed of healable elastomeric substrates and wrinkled graphenes. The elastomeric substrates, obtained by a facile bulk copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, show fast room-temperature self-healing efficiency of up to 96%, imparted by the reversible hydrogen bonds. Importantly, the substrates also display strong interfacial adhesion crucial to the formation of stable bilayer composite films based on a prestrain route. The synergy between self-healing of the substrates and wrinkled structures of graphene is endowed to the composite films for mechanical and electrical healing. By adjusting the prestrain ratio of the substrates, the composite films could display the tunable stretchability, conductivity, and self-healing. The optimal bilayer composite film exhibits a high conductivity of 126 S cm-1, a large stretchability of 300%, and rapid room-temperature self-healing. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the composite films are strain-sensitive and can be used as strain sensors to monitor stretching deformation and human motion. These prominent demonstrations suggest a great potential of the bilayer composite films in next-generation wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Gongzheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Feibo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Zhaoshuo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Yukai Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Huanjun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
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44
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Wang H, Wang P, Feng Y, Liu J, Wang J, Hu M, Wei J, Huang Y. Recent Advances on Self‐Healing Materials and Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuping Feng
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Mengmeng Hu
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jun Wei
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore 310027 Singapore
| | - Yan Huang
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
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45
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Yue L, Zhang X, Li W, Tang Y, Bai Y. Quickly self-healing hydrogel at room temperature with high conductivity synthesized through simple free radical polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lipei Yue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150000 People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Li
- Wuxi HIT New Material Research Institute; Wuxi 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150000 People's Republic of China
- Wuxi HIT New Material Research Institute; Wuxi 214000 People's Republic of China
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46
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47
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Ma R, Chou SY, Xie Y, Pei Q. Morphological/nanostructural control toward intrinsically stretchable organic electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1741-1786. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00834e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of intrinsically stretchable electronics poses great challenges in synthesizing elastomeric conductors, semiconductors and dielectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujun Ma
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science
- University of California
- Los Angeles
| | - Shu-Yu Chou
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science
- University of California
- Los Angeles
| | - Yu Xie
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science
- University of California
- Los Angeles
| | - Qibing Pei
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science
- University of California
- Los Angeles
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48
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Son D, Kang J, Vardoulis O, Kim Y, Matsuhisa N, Oh JY, To JW, Mun J, Katsumata T, Liu Y, McGuire AF, Krason M, Molina-Lopez F, Ham J, Kraft U, Lee Y, Yun Y, Tok JBH, Bao Z. An integrated self-healable electronic skin system fabricated via dynamic reconstruction of a nanostructured conducting network. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:1057-1065. [PMID: 30127474 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electronic skin devices capable of monitoring physiological signals and displaying feedback information through closed-loop communication between the user and electronics are being considered for next-generation wearables and the 'Internet of Things'. Such devices need to be ultrathin to achieve seamless and conformal contact with the human body, to accommodate strains from repeated movement and to be comfortable to wear. Recently, self-healing chemistry has driven important advances in deformable and reconfigurable electronics, particularly with self-healable electrodes as the key enabler. Unlike polymer substrates with self-healable dynamic nature, the disrupted conducting network is unable to recover its stretchability after damage. Here, we report the observation of self-reconstruction of conducting nanostructures when in contact with a dynamically crosslinked polymer network. This, combined with the self-bonding property of self-healing polymer, allowed subsequent heterogeneous multi-component device integration of interconnects, sensors and light-emitting devices into a single multi-functional system. This first autonomous self-healable and stretchable multi-component electronic skin paves the way for future robust electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiheong Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Orestis Vardoulis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yeongin Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - John Wf To
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Toru Katsumata
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Corporate Research and Development, Performance Materials Technology Center, Asahi Kasei Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Marta Krason
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jooyeun Ham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Kraft
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yeongjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Youngjun Yun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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49
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Flexible and recyclable conductive composite based on few-layered graphene with excellent self-healing capability. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Zheng R, Wang Y, Jia C, Wan Z, Luo J, Malik HA, Weng X, Xie J, Deng L. Intelligent Biomimetic Chameleon Skin with Excellent Self-Healing and Electrochromic Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35533-35538. [PMID: 30226978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Animals such as chameleons possess a natural ability to adjust their skin color as a preventive measure to deter any potential threat and to self-heal damaged skin tissues. Inspired by this, we present here a copolymer film possessing biomimetic properties that simultaneously integrates electrochromic triphenylamine and self-healing Diels-Alder groups. The flexible and stretchable copolymer film acts like natural chameleon skin, which exhibits significant color variation and also possesses excellent self-healing properties. These remarkable features make it a promising material for overcoming the crack-generation issue inherited by conventional biomimetic chameleon skin. Moreover, a flexible and wearable skin device based on the copolymer film with silver fabric as a electrode has also been fabricated. The electrochromic and self-healing properties were verified for the copolymer film, and it has been elucidated that the intelligent biomimetic "chameleon skin" was a new step toward the development of highly advanced biomimetic materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , PR China
| | - Chunyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , PR China
| | - Zhongquan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , PR China
| | - Junsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , PR China
| | - Haseeb Ashraf Malik
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , PR China
| | - Xiaolong Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , PR China
| | - Jianliang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , PR China
| | - Longjiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , PR China
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