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Tang H, Bai Y, Zhao H, Qin X, Hu Z, Zhou C, Huang F, Cao Y. Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2212236. [PMID: 36867581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made dramatic advancements during the past decades owing to the innovative material design and device structure optimization, with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 19% and 20% for single-junction and tandem devices, respectively. Interface engineering, by modifying interface properties between different layers for OSCs, has become a vital part to promote the device efficiency. It is essential to elucidate the intrinsic working mechanism of interface layers, as well as the related physical and chemical processes that manipulate device performance and long-term stability. In this article, the advances in interface engineering aimed to pursue high-performance OSCs are reviewed. The specific functions and corresponding design principles of interface layers are summarized first. Then, the anode interface layer, cathode interface layer in single-junction OSCs, and interconnecting layer of tandem devices are discussed in separate categories, and the interface engineering-related improvements on device efficiency and stability are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with application of interface engineering are discussed with the emphasis on large-area, high-performance, and low-cost device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanqing Bai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xudong Qin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
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2
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Danielsen SPO, Thompson BJ, Fredrickson GH, Nguyen TQ, Bazan GC, Segalman RA. Ionic Tunability of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Solutions. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott P. O. Danielsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Brittany J. Thompson
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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3
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Cuesta V, Singh MK, Gutierrez-Fernandez E, Martín J, Domínguez R, de la Cruz P, Sharma GD, Langa F. Gold(III) Porphyrin Was Used as an Electron Acceptor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11708-11717. [PMID: 35195997 PMCID: PMC8915169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of nonfullerene-based electron-accepting materials has triggered a rapid increase in the performance of organic photovoltaic devices. However, the number of efficient acceptor compounds available is rather limited, which hinders the discovery of new, high-performing donor:acceptor combinations. Here, we present a new, efficient electron-accepting compound based on a hitherto unexplored family of well-known molecules: gold porphyrins. The electronic properties of our electron-accepting gold porphyrin, named VC10, were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy and by cyclic voltammetry (CV) , revealing two intense optical absorption bands at 500-600 and 700-920 nm and an optical bandgap of 1.39 eV. Blending VC10 with PTB7-Th, a donor polymer, which gives rise to an absorption band at 550-780 nm complementary to that of VC10, enables the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs) featuring a power conversion efficiency of 9.24% and an energy loss of 0.52 eV. Hence, this work establishes a new approach in the search for efficient acceptor molecules for solar cells and new guidelines for future photovoltaic material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Cuesta
- Institute
of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de la Fábrica
de Armas, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Manish Kumar Singh
- Department
of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information
Technology (Deemed University), Jamdoli, Jaipur (Raj.) 302031, India
| | | | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Av. de Tolosa 72, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
- Universidade
da Coruña, Grupo de Polímeros, Centro de Investigacións
Tecnolóxicas (CIT), Esteiro, Ferrol 15471, Spain
| | - Rocío Domínguez
- Institute
of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de la Fábrica
de Armas, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Institute
of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de la Fábrica
de Armas, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department
of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information
Technology (Deemed University), Jamdoli, Jaipur (Raj.) 302031, India
| | - Fernando Langa
- Institute
of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de la Fábrica
de Armas, Toledo 45071, Spain
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Mdluli SB, Ramoroka ME, Yussuf ST, Modibane KD, John-Denk VS, Iwuoha EI. π-Conjugated Polymers and Their Application in Organic and Hybrid Organic-Silicon Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:716. [PMID: 35215629 PMCID: PMC8877693 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution and emergence of organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells have been deemed as promising sustainable future technologies, owing to the use of π-conjugated polymers. In this regard, the scope of this review article presents a comprehensive summary of the applications of π-conjugated polymers as hole transporting layers (HTLs) or emitters in both organic solar cells and organic-silicon hybrid heterojunction solar cells. The different techniques used to synthesize these polymers are discussed in detail, including their electronic band structure and doping mechanisms. The general architecture and principle of operating heterojunction solar cells is addressed. In both discussed solar cell types, incorporation of π-conjugated polymers as HTLs have seen a dramatic increase in efficiencies attained by these devices, owing to the high transmittance in the visible to near-infrared region, reduced carrier recombination, high conductivity, and high hole mobilities possessed by the p-type polymeric materials. However, these cells suffer from long-term stability due to photo-oxidation and parasitic absorptions at the anode interface that results in total degradation of the polymeric p-type materials. Although great progress has been seen in the incorporation of conjugated polymers in the various solar cell types, there is still a long way to go for cells incorporating polymeric materials to realize commercialization and large-scale industrial production due to the shortcomings in the stability of the polymers. This review therefore discusses the progress in using polymeric materials as HTLs in organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells with the intention to provide insight on the quest of producing highly efficient but less expensive solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyabonga B. Mdluli
- Sensor Laboratories (SensorLab), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (M.E.R.); (S.T.Y.); (V.S.J.-D.)
| | - Morongwa E. Ramoroka
- Sensor Laboratories (SensorLab), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (M.E.R.); (S.T.Y.); (V.S.J.-D.)
| | - Sodiq T. Yussuf
- Sensor Laboratories (SensorLab), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (M.E.R.); (S.T.Y.); (V.S.J.-D.)
| | - Kwena D. Modibane
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mineral Science, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa;
| | - Vivian S. John-Denk
- Sensor Laboratories (SensorLab), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (M.E.R.); (S.T.Y.); (V.S.J.-D.)
| | - Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
- Sensor Laboratories (SensorLab), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (M.E.R.); (S.T.Y.); (V.S.J.-D.)
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Sołoducho J, Zając D, Spychalska K, Baluta S, Cabaj J. Conducting Silicone-Based Polymers and Their Application. Molecules 2021; 26:2012. [PMID: 33916125 PMCID: PMC8037171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, both fundamental and applied research in conducting polymers have grown rapidly. Conducting polymers (CPs) are unique due to their ease of synthesis, environmental stability, and simple doping/dedoping chemistry. Electrically conductive silicone polymers are the current state-of-the-art for, e.g., optoelectronic materials. The combination of inorganic elements and organic polymers leads to a highly electrically conductive composite with improved thermal stability. Silicone-based materials have a set of extremely interesting properties, i.e., very low surface energy, excellent gas and moisture permeability, good heat stability, low-temperature flexibility, and biocompatibility. The most effective parameters constructing the physical properties of CPs are conjugation length, degree of crystallinity, and intra- and inter-chain interactions. Conducting polymers, owing to their ease of synthesis, remarkable environmental stability, and high conductivity in the doped form, have remained thoroughly studied due to their varied applications in fields like biological activity, drug release systems, rechargeable batteries, and sensors. For this reason, this review provides an overview of organosilicon polymers that have been reported over the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Sołoducho
- Department of Organic and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.S.); (S.B.); (J.C.)
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Zhou Y, Li M, Shen S, Wang J, Zheng R, Lu H, Liu Y, Ma Z, Song J, Bo Z. Hybrid Nonfused-Ring Electron Acceptors with Fullerene Pendant for High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1603-1611. [PMID: 33373184 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid advance of fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) has made them a potential substitute to fullerene-based acceptors and offered new avenues for the construction of organic solar cells (OSCs). Nonfused-ring acceptors (NFRAs) could significantly reduce the synthetic cost while achieving reasonable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Widely used fullerene acceptors have been applied as a second acceptor to regulate the morphology, absorption, and electron transport. To take full advantage of both nonfullerene and fullerene acceptors at the same time, we rationally designed and synthesized two novel NFRAs with phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the lateral pendent. With the incorporation of fullerene pendent in PCBM-C6 and PCBM-C10, varied UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) quenching behaviors were observed, and isotropic diffraction patterns were obtained via grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. The bulky, spherical, and electronic isotropic fullerene pendent could effectively suppress severe molecular aggregation and form the preferred blend morphology. This strategy significantly improved the efficiencies for exciton separation and charge collection relative to the control acceptor CH3COO-C6. Finally, the Voc, Jsc, and fill factor (FF) of PCBM-C10-based devices were simultaneously improved and an enhanced PCE of 13.55% was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Miao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuaishuai Shen
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jinsheng Song
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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7
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Li R, Yuan Y, Liang L, Lu J, Cui CX, Niu H, Wu Z, Liu G, Hu Z, Xie R, Huang F, Zhang Y. Cu( ii)-Porphyrin based near-infrared molecules: synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic application. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04800c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Three novel Cu(ii)-porphyrin-based near-infrared non-fullerene acceptors were developed, which show strong intramolecular charge transfer absorption spectra.
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8
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Jang H, Kim MS, Jang W, Son H, Wang DH, Kim FS. Highly conductive PEDOT:PSS electrode obtained via post-treatment with alcoholic solvent for ITO-free organic solar cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Chen L, Zeng M, Weng C, Tan S, Shen P. Nonhalogenated-Solvent-Processed Efficient Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Medium-Band-Gap A-π-D-π-A Small-Molecule Acceptors Based on a 6,12-Dihydro-diindolo[1,2- b:10,20- e]pyrazine Unit. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48134-48146. [PMID: 31823611 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, a series of A-π-D-π-A small molecules (SMs), IPY-T-IC, IPY-T-ICCl, and IPY-T-ICF, containing the central donor unit (D) of 6,12-dihydro-diindolo[1,2-b:10,20-e]pyrazine (IPY), the π-conjugated bridge of thiophene, and the end-accepting group (A) of 3-(dic yanomethylidene)indol-1-one, 5,6-dichloro-3-(dicyanomethylidene)indol-1-one, or 5,6-difluoro-3-(dicyanomethylene)indol-1-one, were developed, characterized, and employed as the acceptor materials for polymer solar cells (PSCs). Influences of the different end-accepting groups on thermal properties, spectral absorption, energy levels, photovoltaic performance, and film morphology of these small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) were investigated in detail. These SMAs exhibit an excellent thermal stability and strong crystallization. The absorption spectra of these SMs mainly locate the wavelength between 400 and 700 nm, associated with the optical band gaps in the range of 1.75-1.90 eV. Compared with nonhalogenated IPY-T-IC, the halogenated SMAs IPY-T-ICCl and IPY-T-ICF present better absorption abilities, wider absorption region, and downshifted highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels. With regard to the complementary spectral absorption and matched HOMO/LUMO levels, PTB7-Th as a low-band gap polymer was chosen to be an electron donor to pair with these SMAs for fabricating bulk-heterojuntion PSCs. Under optimized conditions, among these SMAs, the PTB7-Th:IPY-T-IC-based PSC processed from a halogenated solvent system (chlorobenzene + 1-chloronaphthalene) delivers the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.32%, mainly because of more complementary spectral absorption, upper-lying LUMO level, higher and balanced carrier mobility, more efficiently suppressed trap-assisted recombination, better charge collection property, and blend morphology. Encouragingly, an improved PCE of up to 7.68% is achieved when the IPY-T-IC-based solar cell was processed from a nonhalogenated solvent system (o-xylene + 2-methylnaphthalene). In view of the large band gap of these IPY-based SMAs, the PCE of over 7.5% is notable and attractive for the related community. Our study argues that the IPY moiety is a potential electron-donating building moiety to develop medium-band-gap high-performance A-π-D-π-A SMAs for nonhalogenated-solvent-processed photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Min Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Chao Weng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Songting Tan
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Ping Shen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
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Teo DWY, Jamal Z, Phua HY, Tang CG, Png RQ, Chua LL. Nearly 100% Photocrosslinking Efficiency in Ultrahigh Work Function Hole-Doped Conjugated Polymers Using Bis(fluorophenyl azide) Additives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48103-48112. [PMID: 31786924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-compensated (SC) hole-doped conjugated polyelectrolytes with high work functions can provide efficient hole-injection and -collection layers for organic and other semiconductor devices. If these films can be photocrosslinked, the semiconductor overlayer can be deposited from a wider range of solvents, enabling flexibility in device design and fabrication. However, a generic photocrosslinking methodology for these materials is not yet available. Here, we demonstrate that sFPA82-TfO, the recently developed bis(fluorophenyl azide) photocrosslinker that is also i-line compatible, can surprisingly give 100% efficient photocrosslinking for SC hole-doped conjugated polyelectrolytes, i.e., one crosslink per reactive moiety, using mTFF-C2F5SIS-Na, a triarylamine-fluorene copolymer, as the model polyelectrolyte, without degrading its ultrahigh work function of 5.75 eV. The photocrosslinking efficiency is much higher than in the corresponding undoped polyelectrolyte and nonconjugated polyelectrolyte films, where the efficiency is only 20%. We attribute this improvement to the formation of smaller ion multiplet clusters in the hole-doped polyelectrolyte, as suggested by molecular dynamics simulations and infrared spectroscopy, which prevents occlusion of the ionic crosslinker. Photocrosslinking of the SC hole-doped mTFF-C2F5SIS-Na film used as a hole-injection layer in 100 nm-thick PFOP diodes suppresses the leakage current by over 3 orders of magnitude compared to those without crosslinking, to below 30 nA cm-2 at ±2 V. Photocrosslinking of the same film used as the hole-collection layer in PBDTTPD:PC61BM solar cells produces a higher photocurrent density, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond W Y Teo
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Lower Kent Ridge Road , S117552 Singapore
| | - Zaini Jamal
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Lower Kent Ridge Road , S117552 Singapore
| | - Hao-Yu Phua
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , Lower Kent Ridge Road , S117550 Singapore
| | - Cindy G Tang
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , Lower Kent Ridge Road , S117550 Singapore
| | - Rui-Qi Png
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , Lower Kent Ridge Road , S117550 Singapore
| | - Lay-Lay Chua
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Lower Kent Ridge Road , S117552 Singapore
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , Lower Kent Ridge Road , S117550 Singapore
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11
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Bi S, Leng X, Li Y, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhou H. Interfacial Modification in Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805708. [PMID: 30600552 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic bulk heterojunction solar cells (OSCs) and hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are two promising photovoltaic techniques for next-generation energy conversion devices. The rapid increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in OSCs and PSCs has profited from synergetic progresses in rational material synthesis for photoactive layers, device processing, and interface engineering. Interface properties in these two types of devices play a critical role in dictating the processes of charge extraction, surface trap passivation, and interfacial recombination. Therefore, there have been great efforts directed to improving the solar cell performance and device stability in terms of interface modification. Here, recent progress in interfacial doping with biopolymers and ionic salts to modulate the cathode interface properties in OSCs is reviewed. For the anode interface modification, recent strategies of improving the surface properties in widely used PEDOT:PSS for narrowband OSCs or replacing it by novel organic conjugated materials will be touched upon. Several recent approaches are also in focus to deal with interfacial traps and surface passivation in emerging PSCs. Finally, the current challenges and possible directions for the efforts toward further boosts of PCEs and stability via interface engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuanye Leng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanxun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuning Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Maduwu RD, Jin HC, Kim JH. Synthesis and Characterization of Benzothiadiazole and Dicyanovinylindandione Based Small-Molecular Conjugated Materials and Their Photovoltaic Properties. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Kang Q, Liao Q, Xu Y, Xu L, Zu Y, Li S, Xu B, Hou J. p-Doped Conducting Polyelectrolyte as an Anode Interlayer Enables High Efficiency for 1 cm 2 Printed Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20205-20213. [PMID: 31083969 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Manufacturing large-area devices through a low-cost and large batch printing technique is the key to the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the lack of printable anode interlayer (AIL) materials severely impedes the development of high-efficiency printed OSCs. Herein, we synthesize three p-type self-doped conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), namely, PCP-B, PCP-2B, and PCP-3B, as printable AIL materials for fabricating high-performance and large-area OSCs. By increasing the number of benzene units in the polymer backbone, the work function of the CPEs was enhanced from 4.57 to 5.01 eV, and the optical transparency was also improved because of the enlarged polymer band gap. The improved photoelectronic properties as well as a good film-forming capacity make the PCP-3B an ideal AIL material to be processed by the printing technique. By using PCP-3B, a 1 cm2 printed device was fabricated in which all the functional layers, including the AIL, active layer, and cathode interlayer were processed by blade-coating, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.67%. The PCE belongs to the highest efficiency at present for printable large-area OSCs, showing a promising prospect for the OSC mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Kang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin 130024 , P. R. China
| | - Qing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin 130024 , P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Sunsun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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14
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Dang D, Yu D, Wang E. Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Terpolymers Toward High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807019. [PMID: 30701605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of conjugated alternating donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers with various electron-rich and electron-deficient units in polymer backbones has boosted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 17% for polymer solar cells (PSCs) over the past two decades. However, further enhancements in PCEs for PSCs are still imperative to compensate their imperfect stability for fulfilling practical applications. Meanwhile development of these alternating D-A copolymers is highly demanding in creative design and syntheses of novel D and/or A monomers. In this regard, when being possible to adopt an existing monomer unit as a third component from its libraries, either a D' unit or an A' moiety, to the parent D-A type polymer backbones to afford conjugated D-A terpolymers, it will give a facile and cost-effective method to improve their light absorption and tune energy levels and also interchain packing synergistically. Moreover, the rationally controlled stoichiometry for these components in such terpolymers also provides access for further fine-tuning these factors, thus resulting in high-performance PSCs. Herein, based on their unique features, the recent progress of conjugated D-A terpolymers for efficient PSCs is reviewed and it is discussed how these factors influence their photovoltaic performance, for providing useful guidelines to design new terpolymers toward high-efficiency PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Dang
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
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15
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Xu Y, Liu J, Cui Y, Yin R, Wang X, Wu S, Yu X. Efficient polycrystalline silicon solar cells with double metal oxide layers. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3687-3694. [PMID: 30801079 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline silicon solar cells can achieve high power conversion efficiency and can be successfully commercialized; however, the exploration of optimization strategies is still necessary. Here, we demonstrated improved performance of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell by depositing Sb2Ox/CdO double layers onto a Si wafer via a low-cost route. The metal oxide layers, forming effective heterojunctions, suppressed carrier recombination and reduced surface reflection. Additionally, the heterojunctions of Sb2Ox/CdO/Si enhanced the transmission of electrons and holes and simultaneously, a wider response range in the solar spectrum was realized. The power conversion efficiency improved from 12.6 to 16.7% in a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, with relative increase of 33%. It is expected that the metal oxide-enhanced devices will have tremendous potential in commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd, Shanghai 200234, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Di Carlo Rasi D, Janssen RAJ. Advances in Solution-Processed Multijunction Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806499. [PMID: 30589124 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of organic solar cells can benefit from multijunction device architectures, in which energy losses are substantially reduced. Herein, recent developments in the field of solution-processed multijunction organic solar cells are described. Recently, various strategies have been investigated and implemented to improve the performance of these devices. Next to developing new materials and processing methods for the photoactive and interconnecting layers, specific layers or stacks are designed to increase light absorption and improve the photocurrent by utilizing optical interference effects. These activities have resulted in power conversion efficiencies that approach those of modern thin film photovoltaic technologies. Multijunction cells require more elaborate and intricate characterization procedures to establish their efficiency correctly and a critical view on the results and new insights in this matter are discussed. Application of multijunction cells in photoelectrochemical water splitting and upscaling toward a commercial technology is briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Di Carlo Rasi
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612, AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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17
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Gusain A, Faria RM, Miranda PB. Polymer Solar Cells-Interfacial Processes Related to Performance Issues. Front Chem 2019; 7:61. [PMID: 30809519 PMCID: PMC6379278 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing solar energy with solar cells based on organic materials (in particular polymeric solar cells) is an attractive alternative to silicon-based solar cells due to the advantages of lower weight, flexibility, lower manufacturing costs, easier integration with other products, low environmental impact during manufacturing and operations and short energy payback times. However, even with the latest efficiencies reported up to 17%, the reproducibility of these efficiencies is not up to par, with a significant variation in the efficiencies reported across the literature. Since these devices are based on ultrathin multilayer organic films, interfaces play a major role in their operation and performance. This review gives a concise account of the major interfacial issues that are responsible for influencing the device performance, with emphasis on their physical mechanisms. After an introduction to the basic principles of polymeric solar cells, it briefly discusses charge generation and recombination occurring at the donor-acceptor bulk heterojunction interface. It then discusses interfacial morphology for the active layer and how it affects the performance and stability of these devices. Next, the formation of injection and extraction barriers and their role in the device performance is discussed. Finally, it addresses the most common approaches to change these barriers for improving the solar cell efficiency, including the use of interface dipoles. These issues are interrelated to each other and give a clear and concise understanding of the problem of the underperformance due to interfacial phenomena occurring within the device. This review not only discusses some of the implemented approaches that have been adopted in order to address these problems, but also highlights interfacial issues that are yet to be fully understood in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Gusain
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Roberto M Faria
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Paulo B Miranda
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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18
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Li P, Mainville M, Zhang Y, Leclerc M, Sun B, Izquierdo R, Ma D. Air-Processed, Stable Organic Solar Cells with High Power Conversion Efficiency of 7.41. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804671. [PMID: 30637957 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High efficiency, excellent stability, and air processability are all important factors to consider in endeavoring to push forward the real-world application of organic solar cells. Herein, an air-processed inverted photovoltaic device built upon a low-bandgap, air-stable, phenanthridinone-based ter-polymer (C150 H218 N6 O6 S4 )n (PDPPPTD) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC61 BM) without involving any additive engineering processes yields a high efficiency of 6.34%. The PDPPPTD/PC61 BM devices also exhibit superior thermal stability and photo-stability as well as long-term stability in ambient atmosphere without any device encapsulation, which show less performance decay as compared to most of the reported organic solar cells. In view of their great potential, solvent additive engineering via adding p-anisaldehyde (AA) is attempted, leading to a further improved efficiency of 7.41%, one of the highest efficiencies for all air-processed and stable organic photovoltaic devices. Moreover, the device stability under different ambient conditions is also further improved with the AA additive engineering. Various characterizations are conducted to probe the structural, morphology, and chemical information in order to correlate the structure with photovoltaic performance. This work paves a way for developing a new generation of air-processable organic solar cells for possible commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandeng Li
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Mathieu Mainville
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Département de Génie Électrique, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ricardo Izquierdo
- Département de Génie Électrique, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Dongling Ma
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
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19
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Xie S, Wang J, Wang R, Zhang D, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Zhou D. Effects of processing additives in non-fullerene organic bulk heterojunction solar cells with efficiency >11%. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Overcoming efficiency and stability limits in water-processing nanoparticular organic photovoltaics by minimizing microstructure defects. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5335. [PMID: 30559396 PMCID: PMC6297219 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong market driven need for processing organic photovoltaics from eco-friendly solvents. Water-dispersed organic semiconducting nanoparticles (NPs) satisfy these premises convincingly. However, the necessity of surfactants, which are inevitable for stabilizing NPs, is a major obstacle towards realizing competitive power conversion efficiencies for water-processed devices. Here, we report on a concept for minimizing the adverse impact of surfactants on solar cell performance. A poloxamer facilitates the purification of organic semiconducting NPs through stripping excess surfactants from aqueous dispersion. The use of surfactant-stripped NPs based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) / non-fullerene acceptor leads to a device efficiency and stability comparable to the one from devices processed by halogenated solvents. A record efficiency of 7.5% is achieved for NP devices based on a low-band gap polymer system. This elegant approach opens an avenue that future organic photovoltaics processing may be indeed based on non-toxic water-based nanoparticle inks. Water-based semiconducting polymer nanoparticles are eco-friendly and non-toxic but their performance suffers from the surfactants. Here Xie et al. design an approach to minimize the amount of residual surfactant in these nanoparticles and make high-efficiency and stability solar cells.
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21
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Cho DG, Yang M, Lee M, Hong S. Nanoscale anomalous noise source switching with a trap-free current transition in a PEDOT:PSS film. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:425704. [PMID: 30067229 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We imaged localized charge traps in a PEDOT:PSS film by using a scanning noise microscopy (SNM) system and observed anomalous noise source switching behaviors affecting the electrical characteristics of the film. The SNM system enabled us to measure the localized electrical current and noise maps of a PEDOT:PSS film with nanoscale resolution. The measured maps of the currents and noises were utilized to calculate effective charge trap densities in the film. As a result, we found non-homogeneous distributions of currents and effective charge trap densities on the localized area of the film due to the non-uniform distribution of PEDOT-rich and PSS-rich grains. At a low bias voltage, we observed high current levels and high charge trap densities in PEDOT-rich grains, while PSS-rich grains showed low-current levels and charge trap densities. Interestingly, the charge trap densities in both grains showed a noise source switching behavior with respect to the applied bias voltages, and the behavior strongly affected their electrical characteristic such as the trap-free transition of currents. These results indicate that the charge traps in a PEDOT:PSS film play an important role in the electrical characteristics of the films. Our observations provide a valuable insight on the understanding of the electrical characteristics of PEDOT:PSS films and an important guideline for its practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Guk Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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22
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Tan Y, Chen L, Wu F, Huang B, Liao Z, Yu Z, Hu L, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Regulation of the Polar Groups in n-Type Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as Electron Transfer Layer for Inverted Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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23
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Bura T, Beaupré S, Légaré MA, Ibraikulov OA, Leclerc N, Leclerc M. Theoretical Calculations for Highly Selective Direct Heteroarylation Polymerization: New Nitrile-Substituted Dithienyl-Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymers. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092324. [PMID: 30213056 PMCID: PMC6225168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct Heteroarylation Polymerization (DHAP) is becoming a valuable alternative to classical polymerization methods being used to synthesize π-conjugated polymers for organic electronics applications. In previous work, we showed that theoretical calculations on activation energy (Ea) of the C–H bonds were helpful to rationalize and predict the selectivity of the DHAP. For readers’ convenience, we have gathered in this work all our previous theoretical calculations on Ea and performed new ones. Those theoretical calculations cover now most of the widely utilized electron-rich and electron-poor moieties studied in organic electronics like dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DT-DPP) derivatives. Theoretical calculations reported herein show strong modulation of the Ea of C–H bond on DT-DPP when a bromine atom or strong electron withdrawing groups (such as fluorine or nitrile) are added to the thienyl moiety. Based on those theoretical calculations, new cyanated dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (CNDT-DPP) monomers and copolymers were prepared by DHAP and their electro-optical properties were compared with their non-fluorinated and fluorinated analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bura
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Serge Beaupré
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Marc-André Légaré
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Olzhas A Ibraikulov
- Laboratoire ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé, ICPEES, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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24
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Zhang K, Xia R, Fan B, Liu X, Wang Z, Dong S, Yip HL, Ying L, Huang F, Cao Y. 11.2% All-Polymer Tandem Solar Cells with Simultaneously Improved Efficiency and Stability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803166. [PMID: 30044006 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) that contain both p-type and n-type polymeric materials blended together as light-absorption layers have attracted much attention, since the blend of a polymeric donor and acceptor should present superior photochemical, thermal, and mechanical stability to those of small molecular-based organic solar cells. In this work, the interfacial stability is studied by using highly stable all-polymer solar cell as a platform. It is found that the thermally deposited metal electrode atoms can diffuse into the active layer during device storage, which consequently greatly decreases the power conversion efficiency. Fortunately, the diffusion of metal atoms can be slowed down and even blocked by using thicker interlayer materials, high-glass-transition-temperature interlayer materials, or a tandem device structure. Learning from this, homojunction tandem all-PSCs are successfully developed that simultaneously exhibit a record power conversion efficiency over 11% and remarkable stability with efficiency retaining 93% of the initial value after thermally aging at 80 °C for 1000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ruoxi Xia
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Baobing Fan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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25
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Qi X, Lo YC, Zhao Y, Xuan L, Ting HC, Wong KT, Rahaman M, Chen Z, Xiao L, Qu B. Two Novel Small Molecule Donors and the Applications in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells. Front Chem 2018; 6:260. [PMID: 30013968 PMCID: PMC6036481 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel small molecules DTRDTQX and DTIDTQX, based on ditolylaminothienyl group as donor moiety and quinoxaline as middle acceptor moiety with different terminal acceptor groups were synthesized and characterized in this work. In order to study the photovoltaic properties of DTRDTQX and DTIDTQX, bulk-heterojunction solar cells with the configuration of FTO/c-TiO2/DTRDTQX(or DTIDTQX):C70/MoO3/Ag were fabricated, in which DTRDTQX and DTIDTQX acted as the donors and neat C70 as the acceptor. When the weight ratio of DTRDTQX:C70 reached 1:2 and the active layer was annealed at 100°C, the optimal device was realized with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.44%. As to DTIDTQX:C70-based devices, the highest PCE of 1.70% was achieved with the optimal blend ratio (DTIDTQX:C70 = 1:2) and 100°C thermal annealing treatment. All the experimental data indicated that DTRDTQX and DTIDTQX could be employed as potential donor candidates for organic solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Chih Lo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yifan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyang Xuan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Chun Ting
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Zhijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,New Display Device and System Integration Collaborative Innovation Center of the West Coast of the Taiwan Strait, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,New Display Device and System Integration Collaborative Innovation Center of the West Coast of the Taiwan Strait, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,New Display Device and System Integration Collaborative Innovation Center of the West Coast of the Taiwan Strait, Fuzhou, China
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26
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Kim YJ, Shin WS, Song CE, Park CE. Three-Dimensional Observation of a Light-Soaked Photoreactant Layer in BTR:PCBM Solar Cells Treated with/without Solvent Vapor Annealing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21973-21984. [PMID: 29897227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge to the commercialization of solution-processed solar cells is a proper understanding of the morphological variations during long periods, particularly under light-soaking conditions. Many research groups have competitively reported solvent vapor annealing (SVA)-treated small-molecule devices with efficiency rates exceeding 11%; however, their light-soaking effects have been rarely studied. Here, we investigate the morphological changes in the light-soaked devices with/without SVA treatments depending on the illumination time via three-dimensional observations. From the results, we found that the trends of morphological variations differ in the surface and bulk parts of the active film and that the difference is closely related to the device performance capabilities. Therefore, our research will enhance the underlying knowledge of the light-soaking effect on active morphologies over long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- POSTECH Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 790-784 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Advanced Materials Division , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , 141 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Advanced Materials Division , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , 141 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Eon Park
- POSTECH Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 790-784 , Republic of Korea
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27
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Gao W, Zhang M, Liu T, Ming R, An Q, Wu K, Xie D, Luo Z, Zhong C, Liu F, Zhang F, Yan H, Yang C. Asymmetrical Ladder-Type Donor-Induced Polar Small Molecule Acceptor to Promote Fill Factors Approaching 77% for High-Performance Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800052. [PMID: 29766573 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an effectual strategy of constructing polar small molecule acceptors (SMAs) to promote fill factor (FF) of nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) is first reported. Three asymmetrical SMAs of IDT6CN, IDT6CN-Th, and IDT6CN-M, which own large dipole moments, are designed and synthesized. The PSCs based on three polar SMAs exhibit apparently higher FFs compared with their symmetrical analogues. The asymmetrical design strategy accompanied with side chain and end group engineering makes IDT6CN-Th- and IDT6CN-M-based nonfullerene PSCs achieve high power conversion efficiency with FFs approaching 77%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ruijie Ming
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Kailong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dongjun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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28
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Chen J, Qiu F, Liao Q, Peng C, Liu F, Guo X. Side-Chain Optimization of Phthalimide−Bithiophene Copolymers for Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells with Large Fill Factors. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Fanglong Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Qiaogan Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Changliang Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and; Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA); Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
- Materials Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
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29
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Chen JH, Liu CK, Chang WC, Sah PT, Chan LH. Structure-Function Relationships in PMA and PMAT Series Copolymers for Polymer Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E384. [PMID: 30966419 PMCID: PMC6415455 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two series (PMA and PMAT) of two-dimensional donor-acceptor copolymers consisting of a 3,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)maleimide derivative and triphenylamine with a conjugated side chain were designed and synthesized to probe their structure-function relationships for use in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs). The difference between PMA- and PMAT-series is the conjugated side chain length on the triphenylamine unit. By extending the side chain length, and by attaching various acceptor end groups to the side chain, the electronic and photophysical properties of these copolymers, as well as subsequent device performance, were significantly affected. Two series of copolymers showed broad absorption in the visible region with two obvious peaks. With increasing electron-withdrawing strength of the acceptor end groups, the intramolecular charge transfer peak becomes progressively red-shifted. Highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels in each copolymer series are similar, but lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels are dictated by the acceptors. BHJ PSCs composed of the copolymers as a donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as an acceptor in 1:2 weight ratio were fabricated and characterized. PSCs based on PMA- and PMAT-series copolymers had power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) ranging from 2.05⁻2.16% and 3.14⁻4.01%, respectively. These results indicate that subtle tuning of the chemical structure can significantly influence PSC device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhe-Han Chen
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Kan Liu
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Che Chang
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan.
| | - Pai-Tao Sah
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Hsin Chan
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan.
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30
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Li P, Wu B, Xiang J, Yang XD, Huang HS, Zhou GD, Song QL. The direct observation of electron backflow in an organic heterojunction formed by two n-type materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 29513316 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07817j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many physical processes such as exciton interfacial dissociation, exciton interfacial recombination, and exciton-electron and exciton-hole interactions coexist at the interface of organic solar cells (OSC). In this study, the direction of free charge generation is defined as the direction from the interface to the side where free charges are left. For a p-n type device, the direction of free electron (hole) generation from exciton dissociation at the donor/accepter (D/A) interface is the same as the subsequent transportation direction under the built-in electric field. However, the direction of free electron (hole) generation from exciton-exciton recombination across the D/A interface is opposite to the direction of free charge transportation. Both free charges generated from exciton interfacial dissociation and recombination are contributed to the photocurrent for a p-n type device. In a device with a heterojunction formed by two n-type materials (here it is defined as an n-n type device), the direction of free electron (hole) generation from exciton recombination across the interface is also the same as the subsequent free charge transportation. At the same time, there are also some free electrons (free holes) generated by exciton interfacial dissociation. The direction of free charge generation from exciton dissociation for this n-n type device is also opposite to the direction of free charge transportation. However, only free charges generated from exciton interfacial recombination are contributed to the photocurrent for an n-n type device. But so far there has been no direct experimental evidence to prove the above theories. In this work, an NPB interfacial layer with a high LUMO was introduced in an n-n type OSC to inhibit the backflow of electrons, which are generated from exciton dissociation at the heterojunction formed by two n-type materials, enhancing the device performance accordingly. This work is conducive to interfacial engineering in an OSC to further improve its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563002, China and Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China. and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563002, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China. and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiu De Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563002, China and Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Hai Shen Huang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563002, China
| | - Guang Dong Zhou
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China. and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qun Liang Song
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China. and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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31
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Mayer JA, Offermans T, Chrapa M, Pfannmöller M, Bals S, Ferrini R, Nisato G. Optical enhancement of a printed organic tandem solar cell using diffractive nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:A240-A250. [PMID: 29609334 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.00a240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solution processable organic tandem solar cells offer a promising approach to achieve cost-effective, lightweight and flexible photovoltaics. In order to further enhance the efficiency of optimized organic tandem cells, diffractive light-management nanostructures were designed for an optimal redistribution of the light as function of both wavelength and propagation angles in both sub-cells. As the fabrication of these optical structures is compatible with roll-to-roll production techniques such as hot-embossing or UV NIL imprinting, they present an optimal cost-effective solution for printed photovoltaics. Tandem cells with power conversion efficiencies of 8-10% were fabricated in the ambient atmosphere by doctor blade coating, selected to approximate the conditions during roll-to-roll manufacturing. Application of the light management structure onto an 8.7% efficient encapsulated tandem cell boosted the conversion efficiency of the cell to 9.5%.
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32
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Li T, Dai S, Ke Z, Yang L, Wang J, Yan C, Ma W, Zhan X. Fused Tris(thienothiophene)-Based Electron Acceptor with Strong Near-Infrared Absorption for High-Performance As-Cast Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705969. [PMID: 29334151 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A fused tris(thienothiophene) (3TT) building block is designed and synthesized with strong electron-donating and molecular packing properties, where three thienothiophene units are condensed with two cyclopentadienyl rings. Based on 3TT, a fused octacylic electron acceptor (FOIC) is designed and synthesized, using strong electron-withdrawing 2-(5/6-fluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)-malononitrile as end groups. FOIC exhibits absorption in 600-950 nm region peaked at 836 nm with extinction coefficient of up to 2 × 105 m-1 cm-1 , low bandgap of 1.32 eV, and high electron mobility of 1.2 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Compared with its counterpart ITIC3 based on indacenothienothiophene core, FOIC exhibits significantly upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital level, slightly downshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level, significantly redshifted absorption, and higher mobility. The as-cast organic solar cells (OSCs) based on blends of PTB7-Th donor and FOIC acceptor without additional treatments exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) as high as 12.0%, which is much higher than that of PTB7-Th: ITIC3 (8.09%). The as-cast semitransparent OSCs based on the same blends show PCEs of up to 10.3% with an average visible transmittance of 37.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuixing Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhifan Ke
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Langxuan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cenqi Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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33
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Gaitho FM, Mola GT, Pellicane G. Computational approach to the study of morphological properties of polymer/fullerene blends in photovoltaics. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Organic solar cells have the ability to transform solar energy efficiently and have a promising energy balance. Producing these cells is economical and makes use of methods of printing using inks built on solvents that are well-matched with a variety of cheap materials like flexible plastic or paper. The primary materials used to manufacture organic solar cells include carbon-based semiconductors, which are good light absorbers and efficient charge generators. In this article, we review previous research of interest based on morphology of polymer blends used in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells and introduce their basic principles. We further review computational models used in the analysis of surface behavior of polymer blends in BHJ as well as the trends in the field of polymer surface science as applied to BHJ photovoltaics. We also give in brief, the opportunities and challenges in the area of polymer blends on BHJ organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. Gaitho
- School of Chemistry and Physics , University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg campus , Private Bag X01 , Scottsville 3209 , South Africa
| | - Genene T. Mola
- School of Chemistry and Physics , University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg campus , Private Bag X01 , Scottsville 3209 , South Africa
| | - Giuseppe Pellicane
- School of Chemistry and Physics , University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg campus , Private Bag X01 , Scottsville 3209 , South Africa
- National Institute of Theoretical Physics (NITheP) KZN node , Pietermaritzburg , South Africa
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34
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Gupta M, Yan D, Xu J, Yao J, Zhan C. Tetraphenylphosphonium Bromide as a Cathode Buffer Layer Material for Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5569-5576. [PMID: 29359553 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we introduced the role of small organic molecule tetraphenylphosphonium bromide (QPhPBr) as an electron-transporting layer (ETL) material for fabricating high-efficiency bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs). Their significantly higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) in well-known active layer devices (PTB7-Th:PC71BM, PBDTTT-CT:PC71BM, and P3HT:PC71BM) was observed compared to that of the bare Al cathode. The use of N719 as an ETL was also demonstrated. Observed data reveal that QPhPBr-based devices exhibit high PCEs up to 9.18, 8.42, and 4.81% from PTB7-Th, PBDTTT-CT, and P3HT, respectively. For comparisons, the bare Al devices show PCEs of 5.37, 4.75, and 3.01%, respectively. Moreover, further enhancement of PSC efficiency (9.83, 8.69, and 5.35%) is achieved from mixed binary solution of N719:QPhPBr because of modulated adjustment of the work function of the Al electrode. Our results indicate the excellent function of tetraphenylphosphonium bromide and its binary blend as effective small-molecule organic materials to regulate the metal surface properties and the potential used as excellent cathode buffer layer materials for realizing high-efficiency PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gupta
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dong Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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35
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Moon S, Khadtare S, Wong M, Han SH, Bazan GC, Choi H. Hole transport layer based on conjugated polyelectrolytes for polymer solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 518:21-26. [PMID: 29438860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) as efficient hole transport layer (HTL) of polymer solar cells. Replacing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with a CPEs with narrow bandgap results in both improvements in device efficiency and stability. In spite of their narrow bandgap, thin CPE films (thickness of ∼30 nm) enable sufficient light absorption within the active layer. Enhancement of device efficiency is attributed to low surface roughness, high transmittance in visible region, and reduced charge transfer resistance. Compared to the device with PEDOT:PSS, pH neutral nature of CPEs may enhance device stability under ambient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Shubhangi Khadtare
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew Wong
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Sung-Hwan Han
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Hyosung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Yao Z, Liao X, Gao K, Lin F, Xu X, Shi X, Zuo L, Liu F, Chen Y, Jen AKY. Dithienopicenocarbazole-Based Acceptors for Efficient Organic Solar Cells with Optoelectronic Response Over 1000 nm and an Extremely Low Energy Loss. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2054-2057. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Xunfan Liao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Institute
of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Francis Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaobao Xu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Lijian Zuo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Feng Liu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Institute
of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Alex K.-Y. Jen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
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37
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Abstract
Two essential structural elements define a class of materials called conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). The first is a polymer framework with an electronically delocalized, π-conjugated structure. This component allows one to adjust desirable optical and electronic properties, for example the range of wavelengths absorbed, emission quantum yields, electron affinity, and ionization potential. The second defining feature is the presence of ionic functionalities, which are usually linked via tethers that can modulate the distance of the charged groups relative to the backbone. These ionic groups render CPEs distinct relative to their neutral conjugated polymer counterparts. Solubility in polar solvents, including aqueous media, is an immediately obvious difference. This feature has enabled the development of optically amplified biosensor protocols and the fabrication of multilayer organic semiconductor devices through deposition techniques using solvents with orthogonal properties. Important but less obvious potential advantages must also be considered. For example, CPE layers have been used to introduce interfacial dipoles and thus modify the effective work function of adjacent electrodes. One can thereby modulate the barriers for charge injection into semiconductor layers and improve the device efficiencies of organic light-emitting diodes and solar cells. With a hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic ionic sites, CPEs can also be used as dispersants for insoluble materials. Narrow band gap CPEs (NBGCPEs) have been studied only recently. They contain backbones that comprise electron-rich and electron-poor fragments, a combination that leads to intramolecular charge transfer excited states and enables facile oxidation and reduction. One particularly interesting combination is NBGCPEs with anionic sulfonate side groups, for which spontaneous self-doping in aqueous media is observed. That no such doping is observed with cationic NBGCPEs indicates that the interplay between electrostatic forces and the redox chemistry of the organic semiconducting chain is essential for stabilizing the polaronic states and increasing the conductivity of the bulk. Capitalizing upon the properties of NBGCPEs has resulted in a range of new applications. When doped, they can be introduced as interlayers in organic and perovskite solar cells. Single-walled carbon nanotubes can be n- or p-doped with NBGCPEs, depending on whether the same backbone contains attached cationic or anionic side groups, respectively. The resulting dispersions can be used to fabricate flexible thermoelectric devices in which the n- and p-semiconductor legs are nearly identical in terms of chemical composition. Electrostatic interactions with negatively charged cell walls, in combination with the long-wavelength absorption and high photothermal efficiencies, have been used to create effective agents for photothermal killing of bacteria. Additionally, recent results have shown that cationic NBGCPEs can effectively n-dope graphene and that this doping is temperature-dependent. The preferential charge carriers can therefore be chosen to be electrons or holes depending on the applied temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Cui
- Department
of Physics, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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38
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Shi Z, Liu H, Xia L, Bai Y, Wang F, Zhang B, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Tan Z. Solution-Processed Titanium Chelate Used as Both Electrode Modification Layer and Intermediate Layer for Efficient Inverted Tandem Polymer Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Lixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Yiming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Fuzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- Department of Mathematics; Quiad-I-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsaedi
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
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39
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Keshtov ML, Kuklin SA, Konstantinov IO, Chen FC, Xie ZY, Sharma GD. New iridium-containing conjugated polymers for polymer solar cell applications. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highest value of power conversion efficiency is 1.74% for the P3 based polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Keshtov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - S. A. Kuklin
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - I. O. Konstantinov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Fang-Chung Chen
- Department of Photonics
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Zhi-yuan Xie
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics
- The LNM Institute for Information Technology
- Jamdoli
- Jaipur
- India
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40
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Xu X, Yu T, Bi Z, Ma W, Li Y, Peng Q. Realizing Over 13% Efficiency in Green-Solvent-Processed Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells Enabled by 1,3,4-Thiadiazole-Based Wide-Bandgap Copolymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30. [PMID: 29210113 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two novel wide-bandgap copolymers, PBDT-TDZ and PBDTS-TDZ, are developed based on 1,3,4-thiadiazole (TDZ) and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) building blocks. These copolymers exhibit wide bandgaps over 2.07 eV and low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels below -5.35 eV, which match well with the typical low-bandgap acceptor of ITIC, resulting in a good complementary absorption from 300 to 900 nm and a low HOMO level offset (≤0.13 eV). Compared to PBDT-TDZ, PBDTS-TDZ with alkylthio side chains exhibits the stronger optical absorption, lower-lying HOMO level, and higher crystallinity. By using a single green solvent of o-xylene, PBDTS-TDZ:ITIC devices exhibit a large open-circuit voltage (Voc ) up to 1.10 eV and an extremely low energy loss (Eloss ) of 0.48 eV. At the same time, the desirable high short-circuit current density (Jsc ) of 17.78 mA cm-2 and fill factor of 65.4% are also obtained, giving rise to a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.80% without any additive and post-treatment. When adopting a homotandem device architecture, the PCE is further improved to 13.35% (certified as 13.19%) with a much larger Voc of 2.13 V, which is the best value for any type of homotandem organic solar cells reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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41
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You F, Zhou X, Huang H, Liu Y, Liu S, Shao J, Zhao B, Qin T, Huang W. N-Annulated perylene diimide derivatives as non-fullerene acceptors for solution-processed solar cells with an open-circuit voltage of up to 1.14 V. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three different non-fullerene small molecular acceptors containing N-annulated perylene diimide, named di-PNR, TPA-PNR and EDOT-PNR, were successfully designed and synthesized for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei You
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xingbao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - You Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Sizhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jinjun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Baomin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Tianshi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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42
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Busireddy MR, Madhu C, Chereddy NR, Appalanaidu E, Sharma GD, Vaidya JR. Optimization of the Donor Material Structure and Processing Conditions to Obtain Efficient Small-Molecule Donors for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Reddy Busireddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007 India
- AcSIR; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Chakali Madhu
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007 India
- AcSIR; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Narendra Reddy Chereddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Ejjurothu Appalanaidu
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007 India
- AcSIR; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Ganesh Datt Sharma
- Department of Physics; The LNM Institute of Information Technology; Jamdoli, Jaipur IIndia
| | - Jayathirtha Rao Vaidya
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007 India
- AcSIR; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 India
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43
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Scharber MC, Sarciftci NS. Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells: Working Principles and Power Conversion Efficiencies. NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS FOR TYPE III PHOTOVOLTAICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782626749-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bulk heterojunction solar cells are a promising low-cost photovoltaic technology. This chapter discusses the efficiency potential, the role of nanomorphology and approaches to increase the power conversion efficiency of bulk heterojunction solar cells. The stacking of devices on top of each other – constructing the so-called tandem cell – appears to be one of the best ways to reach the power conversion efficiencies necessary for the large-scale commercialization of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Scharber
- Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells, Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstrasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - N. S. Sarciftci
- Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells, Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstrasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
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44
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Li Z, Weng K, Chen A, Sun X, Wei D, Yu M, Huo L, Sun Y. Benzothiadiazole Versus Thiophene: Influence of the Auxiliary Acceptor on the Photovoltaic Properties of Donor-Acceptor-Based Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongbo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beihang University; Xueyuan Road 37 Haidian District Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- School of Chemistry; Beihang University; Xueyuan Road 37 Haidian District Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Aihua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beihang University; Xueyuan Road 37 Haidian District Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- School of Chemistry; Beihang University; Xueyuan Road 37 Haidian District Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 P. R. China
| | - Mingming Yu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 P. R. China
| | - Lijun Huo
- School of Chemistry; Beihang University; Xueyuan Road 37 Haidian District Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry; Beihang University; Xueyuan Road 37 Haidian District Beijing 100191 P. R. China
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45
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Tournebize A, Mattana G, Gorisse T, Bousquet A, Wantz G, Hirsch L, Chambon S. Crucial Role of the Electron Transport Layer and UV Light on the Open-Circuit Voltage Loss in Inverted Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34131-34138. [PMID: 28945342 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the degradation mechanisms in organic photovoltaics is crucial in order to develop stable organic semiconductors and robust device architectures. The rapid loss of efficiency, referred to as burn-in, is a major issue to be addressed. This study reports on the influence of the electron transport layer (ETLs) and UV light on the drop of open-circuit voltage (Voc) for P3HT:PC60BM-based devices. The results show that Voc loss is induced by the UV and, more importantly, that the ETL can amplify it, with TiOx yielding a stronger drop than ZnO. Using impedance spectroscopy (IS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), different degradation mechanisms were identified according to whether the ETL is TiOx or ZnO. For TiOx-based devices, the formation of an interface dipole was identified, resulting in a loss of the flat-band potential (Vfb) and, thus, of the Voc. For ZnO-based devices, chemical modifications of the metal oxide and active layer at the interface were detected, resulting in a doping of the active layer which impacts the Voc. This study highlights the role of the architecture and, more specifically, of the ETL in the severity of burn-in and degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Tournebize
- Université Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Giorgio Mattana
- Université Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Thérèse Gorisse
- Université Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Antoine Bousquet
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM , 64053 Pau, France
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- Université Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Lionel Hirsch
- Université Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Sylvain Chambon
- Université Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , F-33405 Talence, France
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46
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Susarova DK, Akkuratov AV, Kukharenko AI, Cholakh SO, Kurmaev EZ, Troshin PA. ITO Modification for Efficient Inverted Organic Solar Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10118-10124. [PMID: 28873309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a facile approach to designing transparent electron-collecting electrodes by depositing thin layers of medium and low work function metals on top of transparent conductive metal oxides (TCOs) such as ITO and FTO. The modified electrodes were fairly stable for months under ambient conditions and maintained their electrical characteristics. XPS spectroscopy data strongly suggested integration of the deposited metal in the TCO structure resulting in additional doping of the conducting oxide at the interface. Kelvin probe microscopy measurements revealed a significant decrease in the ITO work function after modification. Organic solar cells based on three different conjugated polymers have demonstrated state of the art performances in inverted device geometry using Mg- or Yb-modified ITO as electron collecting electrode. The simplicity of the proposed approach and the excellent ambient stability of the modified ITO electrodes allows one to expect their wide utilization in research laboratories and electronic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana K Susarova
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences , Semenov ave 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Alexander V Akkuratov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences , Semenov ave 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Andrey I Kukharenko
- M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University , Mira street 19, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Seif O Cholakh
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University , Mira street 19, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Ernst Z Kurmaev
- M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University , Mira street 19, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Pavel A Troshin
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences , Semenov ave 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow region, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center , 143026, Nobel st. 3, Moscow, Russia
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47
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Bura T, Beaupré S, Ibraikulov OA, Légaré MA, Quinn J, Lévêque P, Heiser T, Li Y, Leclerc N, Leclerc M. New Fluorinated Dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole Monomers and Polymers for Organic Electronics. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bura
- Canada
Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department
of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Serge Beaupré
- Canada
Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department
of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Olzhas A. Ibraikulov
- Laboratoire
ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France
| | - Marc-André Légaré
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Jesse Quinn
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Laboratoire
ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France
| | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire
ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France
| | - Yuning Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut
de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Énergie,
l’Environnement et la Santé, ICPEES, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Canada
Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department
of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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48
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Liu X, Wang J, Peng J, Liang Z. 2D/1A Strategy to Regulate Film Morphology for Efficient and Stable Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Peng
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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49
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Li W, Liu Z, Yang R, Guan Q, Jiang W, Islam A, Lei T, Hong L, Peng R, Ge Z. High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells Employing Rhodamines as Cathode Interfacial Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27083-27089. [PMID: 28745051 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of simple and water-/alcohol-soluble interfacial materials is crucial for the cost-effective fabrication process of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Herein, highly efficient PSCs are reported employing water-/alcohol-soluble and low-cost rhodamines as cathode interfacial layers (CILs). The results reveal that rhodamine-based CILs can reduce the work function of the Al cathode and simultaneously increase the open-circuit voltage, current density, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. The solution-processed rhodamine-based PSCs demonstrated a remarkable PCE of 10.39%, which is one of the best efficiencies reported for thieno[3,4-b]thiophene/benzodithiophene:[6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester-based PSCs so far. The efficiency is also 42.3% higher than that of the vacuum-deposited Ca-based device (PCE of 7.30%) and 21.5% higher than that of the complicated solution-processable polymeric electrolyte poly[(9,9-bis(3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)]-based device (PCE of 8.55%). Notably, rhodamines are very economical and have been extensively used as dyes in industries. Our work indicates that rhodamines have shown a strong potential as CILs compared to their counterparts in the large-area fabrication process of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rongjuan Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Qian Guan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Weigang Jiang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Amjad Islam
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Hong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
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50
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Busireddy MR, Chereddy NR, Shanigaram B, Kotamarthi B, Biswas S, Sharma GD, Vaidya JR. Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole conjugate small molecule donors: effect of fluorine content on their photovoltaic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20513-20522. [PMID: 28730205 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02729j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new small molecule donors, namely ICT4 and ICT6 with D1-A-D2-A-D1 architecture having 2,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (EHDTP, D1) and 4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (OBDT, D2) as the terminal and central donor, and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT for ICT4) and 5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (F2BT for ICT6) as the acceptor (A) moieties, are synthesized and their optical, electronic and photovoltaic properties are investigated. Both ICT4 and ICT6 have considerable solubility in various solvents and possess efficient light absorption ability [ε (×105 mol-1 cm-1) is 0.99 and 1.06, respectively for ICT4 and ICT6] and appropriate frontier molecular orbital energy offsets with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). Bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJSCs) are fabricated using ICT4/ICT6 and PC71BM as donors and acceptors, respectively and BHJSCs with two-step annealed (thermal followed by solvent vapor annealing) active layers of ICT4 and ICT6 show overall power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 5.46% and 7.91%, respectively. The superior photovoltaic performance of the ICT6 based BHJSCs is due to the favourable morphology with a nanoscale interpenetrating network in the ICT6:PC71BM active layer induced by the fluorine atoms on the BT acceptor, which significantly enhances the dissociation of excitons, charge transport and the charge collection efficiency, and suppresses bimolecular recombination in the BHJ. The observed higher PCE of 7.91% indicates that ICT6 is one of the best BT based donor material for small molecular BHJSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Reddy Busireddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
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