1
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Zhang Y, Zheng XT, Zhang X, Pan J, Thean AVY. Hybrid Integration of Wearable Devices for Physiological Monitoring. Chem Rev 2024; 124:10386-10434. [PMID: 39189683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices can provide timely, user-friendly, non- or minimally invasive, and continuous monitoring of human health. Recently, multidisciplinary scientific communities have made significant progress regarding fully integrated wearable devices such as sweat wearable sensors, saliva sensors, and wound sensors. However, the translation of these wearables into markets has been slow due to several reasons associated with the poor system-level performance of integrated wearables. The wearability consideration for wearable devices compromises many properties of the wearables. Besides, the limited power capacity of wearables hinders continuous monitoring for extended duration. Furthermore, peak-power operations for intensive computations can quickly create thermal issues in the compact form factor that interfere with wearability and sensor operations. Moreover, wearable devices are constantly subjected to environmental, mechanical, chemical, and electrical interferences and variables that can invalidate the collected data. This generates the need for sophisticated data analytics to contextually identify, include, and exclude data points per multisensor fusion to enable accurate data interpretation. This review synthesizes the challenges surrounding the wearable device integration from three aspects in terms of hardware, energy, and data, focuses on a discussion about hybrid integration of wearable devices, and seeks to provide comprehensive guidance for designing fully functional and stable wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xin Ting Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jieming Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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2
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Jaiswal M, Singh S, Sharma B, Choudhary S, Kumar R, Sharma SK. Sodium Niobate Nanowires Embedded PVA-Hydrogel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Versatile Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered CO Gas Sensor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2403699. [PMID: 38773886 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The surging demand for sustainable energy solutions and adaptable electronic devices has led to the exploration of alternative and advanced power sources. Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) stand out as a promising technology for efficient energy harvesting, but research on fully flexible and environmental friendly TENGs still remain limited. In this study, an innovative approach is introduced utilizing an ionic-solution modified conductive hydrogel embedded with piezoelectric sodium niobate nanowires-based Triboelectric Nanogenerator (NW-TENG), offering intrinsic advantages to healthcare and wearable devices. The synthesized NW-TENG, with a 12.5 cm2 surface area, achieves peak output performance, producing ≈840 V of voltage and 2.3 µC of charge transfer, respectively. The rectified energy powers up 30 LEDs and a stopwatch; while the NW-TENG efficiently charges capacitors from 1µF to 100 µF, reaching 1 V within 4 to 65 s at 6 Hz. Integration with prototype carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensor transform the device into a self-powered gas sensory technology. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of nanowire effects on TENG performance, offering insights for designing highly flexible and environmentally friendly TENGs, and extending applications to portable self-powered gas sensors and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bharat Sharma
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sumit Choudhary
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India
| | | | - Satinder K Sharma
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India
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3
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Xu Q, Tao Y, Wang Z, Zeng H, Yang J, Li Y, Zhao S, Tang P, Zhang J, Yan M, Wang Q, Zhou K, Zhang D, Xie H, Zhang Y, Bowen C. Highly Flexible, High-Performance, and Stretchable Piezoelectric Sensor Based on a Hierarchical Droplet-Shaped Ceramics with Enhanced Damage Tolerance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311624. [PMID: 38281059 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable self-powered sensors are of significant interest in next-generation wearable electronics. However, current strategies for creating stretchable piezoelectric sensors based on piezoelectric polymers or 0-3 piezoelectric composites face several challenges such as low piezoelectric activity, low sensitivity, and poor durability. In this paper, a biomimetic soft-rigid hybrid strategy is used to construct a new form of highly flexible, high-performance, and stretchable piezoelectric sensor. Inspired by the hinged bivalve Cristaria plicata, hierarchical droplet-shaped ceramics are manufactured and used as rigid components, where computational models indicate that the unique arched curved surface and rounded corners of this bionic structure can alleviate stress concentrations. To ensure electrical connectivity of the piezoelectric phase during stretching, a patterned liquid metal acts as a soft circuit and a silicone polymer with optimized wettability and stretchability serves as a soft component that forms a strong mechanical interlock with the hierarchical ceramics. The novel sensor design exhibits excellent sensitivity and durability, where the open circuit voltage remains stable after 5000 stretching cycles at 60% strain and 5000 twisting cycles at 180°. To demonstrate its potential in heathcare applications, this new stretchable sensor is successfully used for wireless gesture recognition and assessing the progression of knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Yong Tao
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hanmin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Junxiao Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Senfeng Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Peiyuan Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jianxun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Mingyang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Qingping Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Kechao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Dou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Chris Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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4
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Hou S, Chen C, Bai L, Yu J, Cheng Y, Huang W. Stretchable Electronics with Strain-Resistive Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306749. [PMID: 38078789 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have attracted tremendous attention amongst academic and industrial communities due to their prospective applications in personal healthcare, human-activity monitoring, artificial skins, wearable displays, human-machine interfaces, etc. Other than mechanical robustness, stable performances under complex strains in these devices that are not for strain sensing are equally important for practical applications. Here, a comprehensive summarization of recent advances in stretchable electronics with strain-resistive performance is presented. First, detailed overviews of intrinsically strain-resistive stretchable materials, including conductors, semiconductors, and insulators, are given. Then, systematic representations of advanced structures, including helical, serpentine, meshy, wrinkled, and kirigami-based structures, for strain-resistive performance are summarized. Next, stretchable arrays and circuits with strain-resistive performance, that integrate multiple functionalities and enable complex behaviors, are introduced. This review presents a detailed overview of recent progress in stretchable electronics with strain-resistive performances and provides a guideline for the future development of stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Hou
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Cong Chen
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Libing Bai
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yuhua Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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5
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Zhou S, Xiao C, Fan L, Yang J, Ge R, Cai M, Yuan K, Li C, Crawford RW, Xiao Y, Yu P, Deng C, Ning C, Zhou L, Wang Y. Injectable ultrasound-powered bone-adhesive nanocomposite hydrogel for electrically accelerated irregular bone defect healing. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:54. [PMID: 38326903 PMCID: PMC10851493 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of critical-size bone defects with irregular shapes remains a major challenge in the field of orthopedics. Bone implants with adaptability to complex morphological bone defects, bone-adhesive properties, and potent osteogenic capacity are necessary. Here, a shape-adaptive, highly bone-adhesive, and ultrasound-powered injectable nanocomposite hydrogel is developed via dynamic covalent crosslinking of amine-modified piezoelectric nanoparticles and biopolymer hydrogel networks for electrically accelerated bone healing. Depending on the inorganic-organic interaction between the amino-modified piezoelectric nanoparticles and the bio-adhesive hydrogel network, the bone adhesive strength of the prepared hydrogel exhibited an approximately 3-fold increase. In response to ultrasound radiation, the nanocomposite hydrogel could generate a controllable electrical output (-41.16 to 61.82 mV) to enhance the osteogenic effect in vitro and in vivo significantly. Rat critical-size calvarial defect repair validates accelerated bone healing. In addition, bioinformatics analysis reveals that the ultrasound-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells by increasing calcium ion influx and up-regulating the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Overall, the present work reveals a novel wireless ultrasound-powered bone-adhesive nanocomposite hydrogel that broadens the therapeutic horizons for irregular bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Cairong Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jinghong Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Ruihan Ge
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Min Cai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Kaiting Yuan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Changhao Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Ross William Crawford
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation & Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Medicine and Dentistry & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China
| | - Chunlin Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China
| | - Chengyun Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
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6
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Hong L, Zhang H, Kraus T, Jiao P. Ultra-Stretchable Kirigami Piezo-Metamaterials for Sensing Coupled Large Deformations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303674. [PMID: 38044281 PMCID: PMC10837349 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical metamaterials are known for their prominent mechanical characteristics such as programmable deformation that are due to periodic microstructures. Recent research trends have shifted to utilizing mechanical metamaterials as structural substrates to integrate with functional materials for advanced functionalities beyond mechanical, such as active sensing. This study reports on the ultra-stretchable kirigami piezo-metamaterials (KPM) for sensing coupled large deformations caused by in- and out-of-plane displacements using the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BaTiO3 ) composite films. The KPM are fabricated by uniformly compounding and polarizing piezoelectric particles (i.e., PZT and BaTiO3 ) in silicon rubber and structured by cutting the piezoelectric rubbery films into ligaments. Characterizes the electrical properties of the KPM and investigates the bistable mechanical response under the coupled large deformations with the stretching ratio up to 200% strains. Finally, the PZT KPM sensors are integrated into wireless sensing systems for the detection of vehicle tire bulge, and the non-toxic BaTiO3 KPM are applied for human posture monitoring. The reported kirigami piezo-metamaterials open an exciting venue for the control and manipulation of mechanically functional metamaterials for active sensing under complex deformation scenarios in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqin Hong
- Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushan316021China
- Shandong Institute of Advanced TechnologyJinan250000China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushan316021China
- Engineering Research Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and EquipmentZhejiang UniversityMinistry of EducationChina
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM‐Leibniz Institute for New Materials66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Saarland University, Colloid and Interface Chemistry66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Pengcheng Jiao
- Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushan316021China
- Engineering Research Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and EquipmentZhejiang UniversityMinistry of EducationChina
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7
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Gong S, Lu Y, Yin J, Levin A, Cheng W. Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare. Chem Rev 2024; 124:455-553. [PMID: 38174868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the era of Internet-of-things, many things can stay connected; however, biological systems, including those necessary for human health, remain unable to stay connected to the global Internet due to the lack of soft conformal biosensors. The fundamental challenge lies in the fact that electronics and biology are distinct and incompatible, as they are based on different materials via different functioning principles. In particular, the human body is soft and curvilinear, yet electronics are typically rigid and planar. Recent advances in materials and materials design have generated tremendous opportunities to design soft wearable bioelectronics, which may bridge the gap, enabling the ultimate dream of connected healthcare for anyone, anytime, and anywhere. We begin with a review of the historical development of healthcare, indicating the significant trend of connected healthcare. This is followed by the focal point of discussion about new materials and materials design, particularly low-dimensional nanomaterials. We summarize material types and their attributes for designing soft bioelectronic sensors; we also cover their synthesis and fabrication methods, including top-down, bottom-up, and their combined approaches. Next, we discuss the wearable energy challenges and progress made to date. In addition to front-end wearable devices, we also describe back-end machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence, telecommunication, and software. Afterward, we describe the integration of soft wearable bioelectronic systems which have been applied in various testbeds in real-world settings, including laboratories that are preclinical and clinical environments. Finally, we narrate the remaining challenges and opportunities in conjunction with our perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jialiang Yin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Arie Levin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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8
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Tang W, Sun Q, Wang ZL. Self-Powered Sensing in Wearable Electronics─A Paradigm Shift Technology. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12105-12134. [PMID: 37871288 PMCID: PMC10636741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
With the advancements in materials science and micro/nanoengineering, the field of wearable electronics has experienced a rapid growth and significantly impacted and transformed various aspects of daily human life. These devices enable individuals to conveniently access health assessments without visiting hospitals and provide continuous, detailed monitoring to create comprehensive health data sets for physicians to analyze and diagnose. Nonetheless, several challenges continue to hinder the practical application of wearable electronics, such as skin compliance, biocompatibility, stability, and power supply. In this review, we address the power supply issue and examine recent innovative self-powered technologies for wearable electronics. Specifically, we explore self-powered sensors and self-powered systems, the two primary strategies employed in this field. The former emphasizes the integration of nanogenerator devices as sensing units, thereby reducing overall system power consumption, while the latter focuses on utilizing nanogenerator devices as power sources to drive the entire sensing system. Finally, we present the future challenges and perspectives for self-powered wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy
and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute
of Applied Nanotechnology, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314031, P.R. China
| | - Qijun Sun
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy
and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy
and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Yonsei
Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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9
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Xu X, Xue P, Gao M, Li Y, Xu Z, Wei Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Liu H, Cheng B. Assembled one-dimensional nanowires for flexible electronic devices via printing and coating: Techniques, applications, and perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:102987. [PMID: 37852138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapid progress in flexible electronic devices has necessitated continual research into nanomaterials, structural design, and fabrication processes. One-dimensional nanowires, characterized by their distinct structures and exceptional properties, are considered essential components for various flexible electronic devices. Considerable attention has been directed toward the assembly of nanowires, which presents significant advantages. Printing and coating techniques can be used to assemble nanowires in a relatively simple, efficient, and cost-competitive manner and exhibit potential for scale-up production in the foreseeable future. This review aims to provide an overview of nanowire assembly using printing and coating techniques, such as bar coating, spray coating, dip coating, blade coating, 3D printing, and so forth. The application of assembled nanowires in flexible electronic devices is subsequently discussed. Finally, further discussion is presented on the potential and challenges of flexible electronic devices based on assembled nanowires via printing and coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Pan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, PR China
| | - Meng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhengjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| | - Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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10
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Tu R, Sodano HA. Highly Stretchable Printed Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Sensors through the Formation of a Continuous Elastomer Phase. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:22320-22331. [PMID: 37119527 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable piezoelectric stress/strain sensing materials have attracted substantial research interest in the fields of wearable health monitoring, motion capturing, and soft robotics. These sensors require operation under dynamic loading conditions with high strain range, changing strain/loading rates, and varying pre-stretch states, which are challenging conditions for existing sensors to produce reliable measurements. To overcome these challenges, an intrinsically stretchable poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) sensor is developed through the polymer blending of PVDF and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). Through precipitation printing and vulcanization, the resulting PVDF/NBR blends exhibit strong β phase PVDF and a blend morphology with submicron-level phase separation, but also strains up to 544%. Both the blend morphology and the mechanical properties indicate that this PVDF/NBR blend can be considered as a continuous elastomer phase above micron scale. After electric poling and adding electrodes, the PVDF/NBR blends have excellent piezoelectric properties to be used as both stretching mode strain sensors and compression mode stress/force sensors. The stretching mode sensors can measure strain up to 70% without strain rate and pre-stretch dependence, while the compression mode sensors have a loading-rate-independent linear voltage-stress relationship up to 4.8 MPa stress and a negligible pre-stretch dependence. Therefore, the PVDF/NBR sensors can provide accurate and reliable stress/strain measurements when attached to soft structures, which paves the way for sensing and calibration of soft robots under dynamic loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruowen Tu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Henry A Sodano
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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11
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Wang Y, Hong M, Venezuela J, Liu T, Dargusch M. Expedient secondary functions of flexible piezoelectrics for biomedical energy harvesting. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:291-311. [PMID: 36263099 PMCID: PMC9556936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible piezoelectrics realise the conversion between mechanical movements and electrical power by conformally attaching onto curvilinear surfaces, which are promising for energy harvesting of biomedical devices due to their sustainable body movements and/or deformations. Developing secondary functions of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters is becoming increasingly significant in recent years via aiming at issues that cannot be addressed or mitigated by merely increasing piezoelectric efficiencies. These issues include loose interfacial contact and pucker generation by stretching, power shortage or instability induced by inadequate mechanical energy, and premature function degeneration or failure caused by fatigue fracture after cyclic deformations. Herein, the expedient secondary functions of flexible piezoelectrics to mitigate above issues are reviewed, including stretchability, hybrid energy harvesting, and self-healing. Efforts have been devoted to understanding the state-of-the-art strategies and their mechanisms of achieving secondary functions based on piezoelectric fundamentals. The link between structural characteristic and function performance is unravelled by providing insights into carefully selected progresses. The remaining challenges of developing secondary functions are proposed in the end with corresponding outlooks. The current work hopes to help and inspire future research in this promising field focusing on developing the secondary functions of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Min Hong
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, 4300, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Venezuela
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ting Liu
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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12
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Dai B, Guo J, Gao C, Yin H, Xie Y, Lin Z. Recent Advances in Efficient Photocatalysis via Modulation of Electric and Magnetic Fields and Reactive Phase Control. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210914. [PMID: 36638334 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The past several years has witnessed significant progress in enhancing photocatalytic performance via robust electric and magnetic fields' modulation to promote the separation and transfer of photoexcited carriers, and phase control at reactive interface to lower photocatalytic reaction energy barrier and facilitate mass transfer. These three research directions have received soaring attention in photocatalytic field. Herein, recent advances in photocatalysis modulated by electric field (i.e., piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and triboelectric fields, as well as their coupling) with specific examples and mechanisms discussion are first examined. Subsequently, the strategy via magnetic field manipulation for enhancing photocatalytic performance is scrutinized, including the spin polarization, Lorentz force, and magnetoresistance effect. Afterward, materials with tailored structure and composition design enabled by reactive phase control and their applications in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide reduction are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities to further boost photocatalytic efficiency are presented, aiming at providing crucial theoretical and experimental guidance for those working in photocatalysis, ferroelectrics, triboelectrics, piezo-/pyro-/tribo-phototronics, and electromagnetics, among other related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiahao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenchen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yannan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 118425, Singapore
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13
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Fang J, Luo Y, Kuang S, Luo K, Xiao Z, Peng X, Huang Z, Wang Z, Fang P. Effect of NO 2 Aging on the Surface Structure and Thermal Stability of Silicone Rubber with Varying Al(OH) 3 Contents. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2540. [PMID: 36984420 PMCID: PMC10054637 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, silicone rubber (SiR) with 0, 90, and 180 parts of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3, ATH) contents prepared in the laboratory was treated in a certain concentration of NO2 for 0, 12, 24, and 36 h. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to study the changes in the surface structure and thermal stability of SiR, as well as the influence of Al(OH)3 on the properties of SiR. According to AFM, the root-mean-square roughness of ATH-90 SiR was 192 nm, which was 2.7 times of ATH-0 SiR. With the incorporation of ATH, the surface of SiR became more susceptible to corrosion by NO2. According to FT-IR and XPS, with the increase in aging time, the side chain Si-CH3 of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was oxidized gradually and a few of nitroso -NO2 groups were formed. According to TG, the incorporation of ATH caused the maximum decomposition rate temperature of PDMS to advance from 458.65 °C to 449.37 and 449.26 °C, which shows that the thermal stability of SiR degraded by adding ATH. After NO2 aging, a new decomposition stage appeared between 75 and 220 °C (stage Ⅰ), and this decomposition trend was similar to aluminum nitrate, which was proven to reduce the thermal stability of PDMS. The effects of NO2 on the surface structure and thermal stability of different ATH contents of silicone rubber were preliminarily clarified by a variety of characterization methods, which provided ideas for the development of silicone rubber resistant to NO2 aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shilong Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zikang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiangyang Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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14
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Yu K, He T. Silver-Nanowire-Based Elastic Conductors: Preparation Processes and Substrate Adhesion. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061545. [PMID: 36987325 PMCID: PMC10058989 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of flexible electronic systems includes stretchable electrical interconnections and flexible electronic components, promoting the research and development of flexible conductors and stretchable conductive materials with large bending deformation or torsion resistance. Silver nanowires have the advantages of high conductivity, good transparency and flexibility in the development of flexible electronic products. In order to further prepare system-level flexible systems (such as autonomous full-software robots, etc.), it is necessary to focus on the conductivity of the system's composite conductor and the robustness of the system at the physical level. In terms of conductor preparation processes and substrate adhesion strategies, the more commonly used solutions are selected. Four kinds of elastic preparation processes (pretensioned/geometrically topological matrix, conductive fiber, aerogel composite, mixed percolation dopant) and five kinds of processes (coating, embedding, changing surface energy, chemical bond and force, adjusting tension and diffusion) to enhance the adhesion of composite conductors using silver nanowires as current-carrying channel substrates were reviewed. It is recommended to use the preparation process of mixed percolation doping and the adhesion mode of embedding/chemical bonding under non-special conditions. Developments in 3D printing and soft robots are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tian He
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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15
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Wang L, Yi Z, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Stretchable conductors for stretchable field-effect transistors and functional circuits. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:795-835. [PMID: 36562312 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00837h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have received intense attention due to their broad application prospects in many areas, and can withstand large deformations and form close contact with curved surfaces. Stretchable conductors are vital components of stretchable electronic devices used in wearables, soft robots, and human-machine interactions. Recent advances in stretchable conductors have motivated basic scientific and technological research efforts. Here, we outline and analyse the development of stretchable conductors in transistors and circuits, and examine advances in materials, device engineering, and preparation technologies. We divide the existing approaches to constructing stretchable transistors with stretchable conductors into the following two types: geometric engineering and intrinsic stretchability engineering. Finally, we consider the challenges and outlook in this field for delivering stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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16
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Xu J, Li Y, Wang J, Liu H, Hou Q, Wang R, Lang T, Cui B, Pan H, Chen Y, Quan J, Yang H, Li L, Liu Y. Screen-printed highly stretchable and stable flexible electrodes with a negative Poisson's ratio structure for supercapacitors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1260-1272. [PMID: 36541665 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06669f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible power sources are crucial to developing flexible electronic systems; nonetheless, the current poor stretchability and stability of flexible power sources hinder their application in such devices. Accordingly, the stretchability and fatigue stability of flexible power sources are crucial for the practical application of flexible electronic systems. In this work, a flexible electrode with an arc-shaped star concave negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) structure is fabricated through the screen printing process. Using the combination of finite element analysis (FEA) and tensile tests, it is proven that the arc-shaped star concave NPR electrode can effectively reduce the maximum tensile stress and increase the maximum elongation (maximum elongation 140%). Furthermore, the flexible electrodes prepared in this study are assembled into all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitors (SSCs), and their electrochemical properties are tested. The SSC prepared in this study has a high areal capacitance of 243.1 mF cm-2. It retains 89.25% of its initial capacity after 5000 times of folding and can maintain a stable output even in extreme deformation, which indicates that the SSC prepared in this study has excellent stability. The SSC with the advantages mentioned above obtained in this study is expected to provide new opportunities to develop flexible electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Xu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
| | - Yang Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
| | - Junyao Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
| | - Qi Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
| | - Tianhong Lang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
| | - Bowen Cui
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
| | - Hongxu Pan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
| | - Yansong Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
| | - Jingran Quan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
| | - Hanbo Yang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
| | - Lixiang Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
| | - Yahao Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.
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17
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Pattipaka S, Bae YM, Jeong CK, Park KI, Hwang GT. Perovskite Piezoelectric-Based Flexible Energy Harvesters for Self-Powered Implantable and Wearable IoT Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22239506. [PMID: 36502209 PMCID: PMC9735637 DOI: 10.3390/s22239506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the ongoing fourth industrial revolution, the internet of things (IoT) will play a crucial role in collecting and analyzing information related to human healthcare, public safety, environmental monitoring and home/industrial automation. Even though conventional batteries are widely used to operate IoT devices as a power source, these batteries have a drawback of limited capacity, which impedes broad commercialization of the IoT. In this regard, piezoelectric energy harvesting technology has attracted a great deal of attention because piezoelectric materials can convert electricity from mechanical and vibrational movements in the ambient environment. In particular, piezoelectric-based flexible energy harvesters can precisely harvest tiny mechanical movements of muscles and internal organs from the human body to produce electricity. These inherent properties of flexible piezoelectric harvesters make it possible to eliminate conventional batteries for lifetime extension of implantable and wearable IoTs. This paper describes the progress of piezoelectric perovskite material-based flexible energy harvesters for self-powered IoT devices for biomedical/wearable electronics over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Pattipaka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwi-Il Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Tae Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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18
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Jang S, Shim H, Yu C. Fully rubbery Schottky diode and integrated devices. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade4284. [PMID: 36417509 PMCID: PMC9683705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A fully rubbery stretchable diode, particularly entirely based on stretchy materials, is a crucial device for stretchable integrated electronics in a wide range of applications, ranging from energy to biomedical, to integrated circuits, and to robotics. However, its development has been very nascent. Here, we report a fully rubbery Schottky diode constructed all based on stretchable electronic materials, including a liquid metal cathode, a rubbery semiconductor, and a stretchable anode. The rubbery Schottky diode exhibited a forward current density of 6.99 × 10-3 A/cm2 at 5 V and a rectification ratio of 8.37 × 104 at ±5 V. Stretchy rectifiers and logic gates based on the rubbery Schottky diodes were developed and could retain their electrical performance even under 30% tensile stretching. With the rubbery diodes, fully rubbery integrated electronics, including an active matrix multiplexed tactile sensor and a triboelectric nanogenerator-based power management system, are further demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmin Jang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Hyunseok Shim
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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19
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Uzabakiriho PC, Wang M, Wang K, Ma C, Zhao G. High-Strength and Extensible Electrospun Yarn for Wearable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46068-46076. [PMID: 36169212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable conductive yarns have received significant consideration in the direction of wearable and flexible electronics. Wearable electronic structures need strong materials to assure stability, durability, and an extensive range of strain to develop their applications. Therefore, manufacturing high-performance yarn-based devices with ultrarobustness and great stretchability with a simple, cost-effective, and scalable method remains a great challenge for wearable electronics. Here, a highly stretchable yarn with high performance is fabricated, which comprises a core TPU nanoyarn, successively decorated with a liquid metal (LM) layer, and a protective outer nanofiber layer. The ultrarobust (40 MPa) and high-strain (548%) conducting yarn presents potential applications in assembling strain sensors. Moreover, such a unique conductive yarn can be used as a highly deformable, stretchable conductor to charge a mobile phone or for data transfer, a sensor to monitor human activities, and as an effective control for a hand robot as well as for smart thermal management textile application. This research gives promising applications in the field of flexible and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Claver Uzabakiriho
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Road JinZhai 96, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Road JinZhai 96, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Road JinZhai 96, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Road JinZhai 96, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Road JinZhai 96, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
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20
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Basarir F, De S, Daghigh Shirazi H, Vapaavuori J. Ultra-long silver nanowires prepared via hydrothermal synthesis enable efficient transparent heaters. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4410-4417. [PMID: 36321145 PMCID: PMC9552902 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00560c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-long silver nanowires (AgNWs) with an aspect ratio of >2000 were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method. The influence of reaction time (4-32 h), reaction temperature (150-180 °C), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecular weight (10 000-1 300 000 g mol-1), PVP concentration (50-125 mM), glucose concentration (5.6-22.4 mM) and CuCl2 concentration (2-20 μM) on the AgNW length was investigated systematically. The optimum conditions provided nanowires with an average diameter of 207 nm, an average length of 234 μm and a maximum length of 397 μm. Finally, a AgNW electrode was prepared on a glass substrate and used in transparent heater application. The transparent heater enabled outstanding heat-generating properties, reaching >200 °C within 70 s with an applied voltage of 5 V. Our results demonstrate how increasing the aspect ratio of ultra-long AgNWs is beneficial for both optical and electronic applications in terms of increased transmission and a more efficient Joule effect in the heater application. In addition, our results show that AgNWs with different lengths can be simply obtained by tuning synthesis parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fevzihan Basarir
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Swarnalok De
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Hamidreza Daghigh Shirazi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
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21
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Sang M, Kim K, Shin J, Yu KJ. Ultra-Thin Flexible Encapsulating Materials for Soft Bio-Integrated Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202980. [PMID: 36031395 PMCID: PMC9596833 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, bioelectronic devices extensively researched and developed through the convergence of flexible biocompatible materials and electronics design that enables more precise diagnostics and therapeutics in human health care and opens up the potential to expand into various fields, such as clinical medicine and biomedical research. To establish an accurate and stable bidirectional bio-interface, protection against the external environment and high mechanical deformation is essential for wearable bioelectronic devices. In the case of implantable bioelectronics, special encapsulation materials and optimized mechanical designs and configurations that provide electronic stability and functionality are required for accommodating various organ properties, lifespans, and functions in the biofluid environment. Here, this study introduces recent developments of ultra-thin encapsulations with novel materials that can preserve or even improve the electrical performance of wearable and implantable bio-integrated electronics by supporting safety and stability for protection from destruction and contamination as well as optimizing the use of bioelectronic systems in physiological environments. In addition, a summary of the materials, methods, and characteristics of the most widely used encapsulation technologies is introduced, thereby providing a strategic selection of appropriate choices of recently developed flexible bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Sang
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubeen Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoon Shin
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
- YU‐KIST InstituteYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
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22
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Deng HT, Wen DL, Feng T, Wang YL, Zhang XR, Huang P, Zhang XS. Silicone Rubber Based-Conductive Composites for Stretchable "All-in-One" Microsystems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39681-39700. [PMID: 36006298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics with development trends such as miniaturization, multifunction, and smart integration have become an important part of the Internet of Things (IoT) and have penetrated various sectors of modern society. To meet the increasing demands of wearable electronics in terms of deformability and conformability, many efforts have been devoted to overcoming the nonstretchable and poor conformal properties of traditional functional materials and endowing devices with outstanding mechanical properties. One of the promising approaches is composite engineering in which traditional functional materials are incorporated into the various polymer matrices to develop different kinds of functional composites and construct different functions of stretchable electronics. Herein, we focus on the approach of composite engineering and the polymer matrix of silicone rubber (SR), and we summarize the state-of-the-art details of silicone rubber-based conductive composites (SRCCs), including a summary of their conductivity mechanisms and synthesis methods and SRCC applications for stretchable electronics. For conductivity mechanisms, two conductivity mechanisms of SRCC are emphasized: percolation theory and the quantum tunneling mechanism. For synthesis methods of SRCCs, four typical approaches to synthesize different kinds of SRCCs are investigated: mixing/blending, infiltration, ion implantation, and in situ formation. For SRCC applications, different functions of stretchable electronics based on SRCCs for interconnecting, sensing, powering, actuating, and transmitting are summarized, including stretchable interconnects, sensors, nanogenerators, antennas, and transistors. These functions reveal the feasibility of constructing a stretchable all-in-one self-powered microsystem based on SRCC-based stretchable electronics. As a prospect, this microsystem is expected to integrate the functional sensing modulus, the energy harvesting modulus, and the process and response modulus together to sense and respond to environmental stimulations and human physiological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Deng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Dan-Liang Wen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xin-Ran Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Qin Y, Yao L, Zhang F, Li R, Chen Y, Chen Y, Cheng T, Lai W, Mi B, Zhang X, Huang W. Highly Stable Silver Nanowires/Biomaterial Transparent Electrodes for Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38021-38030. [PMID: 35959592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) possess excellent optoelectrical properties, mechanical robustness, and environmental adaptability are important for the industrial scale development of flexible electronics. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are widely used in FTEs owing to their excellent optoelectrical properties and mechanical flexibility. However, the high surface roughness and poor stability of AgNWs FTEs still limit their practical applications. Here, highly stable FTEs are demonstrated via combining AgNWs and biomaterial propolis which is eco-friendly and antioxidative. The AgNWs/propolis composite transparent electrodes exhibit excellent optoelectrical performance as well as a smooth surface (root-mean-square roughness ∼ 6.2 nm). Meanwhile, the composite electrodes possess high mechanical stability (10,000 bending cycles), thermal stability, and environmental adaptability (60 °C and 85 ± 3% humidity for 700 h). The versatile composite FTEs show great potential applications in organic light-emitting diodes and pressure sensors, which exhibit high performance, mechanical stability, and environmental adaptability. Our strategy of introducing biocompatible materials into metallic nanowires opens up new possibilities to achieve high-quality FTEs in a simple and eco-friendly way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lanqian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fangbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuehua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenyong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baoxiu Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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24
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Cui X, Yu C, Wang Z, Wan D, Zhang H. Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Harvesting Diverse Water Kinetic Energy. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081219. [PMID: 36014139 PMCID: PMC9416285 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The water covering the Earth’s surface not only supports life but also contains a tremendous amount of energy. Water energy is the most important and widely used renewable energy source in the environment, and the ability to extract the mechanical energy of water is of particular interest since moving water is ubiquitous and abundant, from flowing rivers to falling rain drops. In recent years, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been promising for applications in harvesting kinetic energy from water due to their merits of low cost, light weight, simple structure, and abundant choice of materials. Furthermore, TENGs can also be utilized as self-powered active sensors for monitoring water environments, which relies on the output signals of the TENGs caused by the movement and composition of water. Here, TENGs targeting the harvest of different water energy sources have been systematically summarized and analyzed. The TENGs for harvesting different forms of water energy are introduced and divided on the basis of their basic working principles and modes, i.e., in the cases of solid–solid and solid–liquid. A detailed review of recent important progress in TENG-based water energy harvesting is presented. At last, based on recent progresses, the existing challenges and future prospects for TENG-based water energy harvesting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Cui
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China;
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Cecilia Yu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Zhaosu Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
| | - Dong Wan
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
| | - Hulin Zhang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
- Correspondence:
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25
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Electrochemical Redox In-Situ Welding of Silver Nanowire Films with High Transparency and Conductivity. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10070092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks with high transparency and conductivity are crucial to developing transparent conductive films (TCFs) for flexible optoelectronic devices. However, AgNW-based TCFs still suffer from the high contact resistance of AgNW junctions with both the in-plane and out-of-plane charge transport barrier. Herein, we report a rapid and green electrochemical redox strategy to in-situ weld AgNW networks for the enhanced conductivity and mechanical durability of TCFs with constant transparency. The welded TCFs show a marked decrease of the sheet resistance (reduced to 45.5% of initial values on average) with high transmittance of 97.02% at 550 nm (deducting the background of substrates). The electrochemical welding treatment enables the removal of the residual polyvinylpyrrolidone layer and the in-situ formation of Ag solder in the oxidation and reduction processes, respectively. Furthermore, local conductivity studies confirm the improvement of both the in-plane and the out-of-plane charge transport by conductive atomic force microscopy. This proposed electrochemical redox method provides new insights on the welding of AgNW-based TCFs with high transparency and low resistance for the development of next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, such conductive films based on the interconnected AgNW networks can be acted as an ideal supporter to construct heterogeneous structures with other functional materials for wide applications in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.
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Kim S, Nam H, Calisir I. Lead-Free BiFeO3-Based Piezoelectrics: A Review of Controversial Issues and Current Research State. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134388. [PMID: 35806509 PMCID: PMC9267473 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free electroceramics represent an emerging area of research that has the potential to enable new green advances in electronics. Research has mainly focused on the development of new piezoelectric materials for replacing lead containing oxides exhibiting superior electromechanical behavior. Lead-free BiFeO3-based materials are not only the promising candidates to replace lead-based materials but also show intriguing properties which may inspire innovative material design for the next generation of lead-free piezoceramics. This review aims to highlight the current state of research and overlooked aspects in lead-free BiFeO3-based ceramics, which could be insightful in elucidating certain controversial issues. Current strategies to reduce high conductivity, influence of chemical heterogeneity on both functional properties and crystal structure, effective heat treatment procedures, and the role of pseudo-cubic structures on the enhancement of piezoelectric properties are subjects of highlighted within this review as they have a significant impact on the quality of BiFeO3-based lead-free piezoelectrics (but are often disregarded).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwook Kim
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (H.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Hyunwook Nam
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Yamanashi, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (H.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Ilkan Calisir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (H.N.); (I.C.)
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27
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Guan Y, Bai M, Li Q, Li W, Liu G, Liu C, Chen Y, Lin Y, Hui Y, Wei R. A plantar wearable pressure sensor based on hybrid lead zirconate-titanate/microfibrillated cellulose piezoelectric composite films for human health monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2376-2391. [PMID: 35635092 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable electronic sensors hold great promise for improving the quality of life, especially in the field of healthcare monitoring, owing to their low cost, flexibility, high electromechanical coupling performance, high sensitivity, and biocompatibility. To achieve high piezoelectric performance similar to that of rigid materials while satisfying the flexible requirements for wearable sensors, we propose novel hybrid films based on lead zirconate titanate powder and microfibrillated cellulose (PZT/MFC) for plantar pressure measurements. The flexible films made using the polarization process are tested. It was found that the maximum piezoelectric coefficient was 31 pC N-1 and the maximum tensile force of the flexible films was 26 N. A wide range of bending angles between 15° and 180° proves the flexibility capability of the films. In addition, the charge density shows a proportional relation with the applied mechanical force, and it could sense stress of 1 kPa. Finally, plantar pressure sensors are arranged and packaged with a film array followed by connection with the detection module. Then, the pressure curves of each point on the plantar are obtained. Through analysis of the curve, several parameters of human body motions that are important in the rehabilitation of diabetic patients and the detection of sports injury can be performed, including stride frequency, length and speed. Overall, the proposed PZT/MFC wearable plantar pressure sensor has broad application prospects in the field of sports injury detection and medical rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Guan
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingyang Bai
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Qiuliang Li
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Wujie Li
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Guangyu Liu
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Chunbo Liu
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial & Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, USA
| | - Yanbo Hui
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ronghan Wei
- Advanced Intelligent Manufacturing, Nano Opto-mechatronics & Biomedical Engineering Lab, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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28
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Zhong Y, Liang J, Zhang B, Wang F, Huang W, Cai G, Zhang C, Xin Y, Chen B, He X. Highly stable, stretchable, and versatile electrodes by coupling of NiCoS nanosheets with metallic networks for flexible electronics. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8172-8182. [PMID: 35621128 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01890j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of portable electronics has contributed to an urgent demand for versatile and flexible electrodes of wearable energy storage devices and pressure sensors. We fabricate a stretchable electrode by coupling the nickel-cobalt sulfide (NiCoS) nanosheet layer with Ag@NiCo nanowire (NW) networks. NiCoS wrinkled nanostructure, highly conductive networks, and intense interactions between substrate/networks and active materials/networks endow the electrodes with excellent energy storage capacity, superior electrochemical/mechanical stability, and good conductivity. A high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor is developed using the composite electrode. It operates in a wide potential window of 1.4 V and achieves a maximum energy density of 40.0 W h kg-1 at a power density of 1.1 kW kg-1; it also exhibits excellent mechanical flexibility and good waterproof performance. Moreover, a sandwiched capacitive pressure sensor constructed using the same electrodes has a wide sensing range (up to 260 kPa), low detection limit (∼47 mN), fast response (∼66 ms), and excellent mechanical stability (10 000 cycles). This study demonstrates that the appropriate design of the functional electrode facilitates the construction of various high-performance devices, denoting the versatility of our electrodes in the development of wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhong
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Jionghong Liang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Bolun Zhang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Fengming Wang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Weiqing Huang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Guofa Cai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Yue Xin
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Bohua Chen
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Xin He
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
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29
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Huang G, Wu N, Wang X, Zhang G, Qiu L. Role of Molecular Weight in the Mechanical Properties and Charge Transport of Conjugated Polymers Containing Siloxane Side Chains. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200149. [PMID: 35592913 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The molecular weight is a key factor affecting the properties of conjugated polymers. To determine the critical molecular weights of conjugated polymers modified with siloxane side chains, poly-diketo-pyrrolopyrrole-selenophene (PTDPPSe-5Si) samples with molecular weights ranging from 20 to 350 kDa are synthesized. The critical molecular weight of the polymer is determined in the range of 60-100 kDa by testing the viscosity of the solution. When the molecular weight of the 27-60 kDa polymers is below the critical molecular weight, they exhibit a high crystallinity and low ductility. When the molecular weight of the 100 kDa polymer reaches the critical molecular weight, the crystallinity decreases, and the ductility increases. As the molecular weight increases, the polymer film also gradually changes from brittle to ductile. Furthermore, when the molecular weight of the 315 kDa polymer is much higher than the critical molecular weight, the film exhibits a significant ductility, which results in the polymer films showing no pronounced cracks after high-percentage stretching. Additionally, due to the oriented alignment of the molecular chains caused by stretching, the carrier mobility in the parallel direction becomes 2.14-fold of the initial film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Huang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ning Wu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.,Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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30
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Lin JC, Liatsis P, Alexandridis P. Flexible and Stretchable Electrically Conductive Polymer Materials for Physical Sensing Applications. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2059673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Panos Liatsis
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Paschalis Alexandridis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
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31
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Deng W, Zhou Y, Libanori A, Chen G, Yang W, Chen J. Piezoelectric nanogenerators for personalized healthcare. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3380-3435. [PMID: 35352069 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00858g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators has experienced rapid progress in the past decade and is serving as the technological foundation of future state-of-the-art personalized healthcare. Due to their highly efficient mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion, easy implementation, and self-powering nature, these devices permit a plethora of innovative healthcare applications in the space of active sensing, electrical stimulation therapy, as well as passive human biomechanical energy harvesting to third party power on-body devices. This article gives a comprehensive review of the piezoelectric nanogenerators for personalized healthcare. After a brief introduction to the fundamental physical science of the piezoelectric effect, material engineering strategies, device structural designs, and human-body centered energy harvesting, sensing, and therapeutics applications are also systematically discussed. In addition, the challenges and opportunities of utilizing piezoelectric nanogenerators for self-powered bioelectronics and personalized healthcare are outlined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Alberto Libanori
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Weiqing Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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32
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Zhang X, Sinha TK, Kim JK, Oh JS, Lee J. Fabrication of graphene reinforced silicone‐based 3D printed tactile sensor: An approach towards an applicable piezo‐sensor. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang China
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Engineering Research Institute Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Tridib Kumar Sinha
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Engineering Research Institute Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
- Department of Applied Sciences, School of Engineering University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES) Dehradun India
| | - Jin Kuk Kim
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Engineering Research Institute Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Oh
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Engineering Research Institute Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Physics Education and the Research Institute of Natural Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
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33
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Shao J, Liu X, Ji M. Effect of interfacial properties of filled carbon black nanoparticles on the conductivity of nanocomposite. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Shao
- Department of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xue Liu
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Mingbo Ji
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology Harbin Engineering University Yantai China
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34
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Lu H, Shi H, Chen G, Wu Y, Zhang J, Yang L, Zhang Y, Zheng H. High-Performance Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Specific 3D Nano BCZT@Ag Hetero-Structure Design for the Application of Self-Powered Wireless Sensor System. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101333. [PMID: 34378317 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the popularity of portable and miniaturized electronic devices in people's live, flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) have become a research hotspot for harvesting energy from the living environment to power small-scale electronic equipment and systems because of its stability. For further enhancing output performance of PENG, chemical modification and structural design for piezoelectric fillers are effective ways. Thus, the 3D porous hetero-structure fillers of BCZT@Ag are prepared by freeze-drying method and subsequent chemical seeding reduction. The silicone rubber as matrix is filled into the micro-voids of fillers to prepare specialized composite. The charge transport mechanism and stress transfer efficiency in PENG can be effectively improved through specialized design which is proven by experimental results and multi-physics simulations. The improved PENG exhibit a significantly enhanced output of 38.6 V and 5.85 µA, which is 3.3 and 3.5 times higher than those of PENG without specific design. The prepared PENG can effectively harvest biomechanical energy through walk and joint bending of human body. Moreover, the PENG can be used as a trigger to remotely control wireless collision alarm system, which can acquire rapid response and shows great potential application in Internet of Things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Shi
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Gaoru Chen
- State Grid Fuzhou Electric Power Supply Company, Fuzhou, 350009, P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Liya Yang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yaju Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Haiwu Zheng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
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35
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Shim HJ, Sunwoo S, Kim Y, Koo JH, Kim D. Functionalized Elastomers for Intrinsically Soft and Biointegrated Electronics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002105. [PMID: 33506654 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elastomers are suitable materials for constructing a conformal interface with soft and curvilinear biological tissue due to their intrinsically deformable mechanical properties. Intrinsically soft electronic devices whose mechanical properties are comparable to human tissue can be fabricated using suitably functionalized elastomers. This article reviews recent progress in functionalized elastomers and their application to intrinsically soft and biointegrated electronics. Elastomers can be functionalized by adding appropriate fillers, either nanoscale materials or polymers. Conducting or semiconducting elastomers synthesized and/or processed with these materials can be applied to the fabrication of soft biointegrated electronic devices. For facile integration of soft electronics with the human body, additional functionalization strategies can be employed to improve adhesive or autonomous healing properties. Recently, device components for intrinsically soft and biointegrated electronics, including sensors, stimulators, power supply devices, displays, and transistors, have been developed. Herein, representative examples of these fully elastomeric device components are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and future outlooks for the field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Shim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae‐Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Mahapatra SD, Mohapatra PC, Aria AI, Christie G, Mishra YK, Hofmann S, Thakur VK. Piezoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications: Roadmap for Future Smart Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100864. [PMID: 34254467 PMCID: PMC8425885 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials are widely referred to as "smart" materials because they can transduce mechanical pressure acting on them to electrical signals and vice versa. They are extensively utilized in harvesting mechanical energy from vibrations, human motion, mechanical loads, etc., and converting them into electrical energy for low power devices. Piezoelectric transduction offers high scalability, simple device designs, and high-power densities compared to electro-magnetic/static and triboelectric transducers. This review aims to give a holistic overview of recent developments in piezoelectric nanostructured materials, polymers, polymer nanocomposites, and piezoelectric films for implementation in energy harvesting. The progress in fabrication techniques, morphology, piezoelectric properties, energy harvesting performance, and underpinning fundamental mechanisms for each class of materials, including polymer nanocomposites using conducting, non-conducting, and hybrid fillers are discussed. The emergent application horizon of piezoelectric energy harvesters particularly for wireless devices and self-powered sensors is highlighted, and the current challenges and future prospects are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmriti Das Mahapatra
- Technology & Manufacturing GroupIntel Corporation5000 West Chandler BoulevardChandlerArizona85226USA
| | - Preetam Chandan Mohapatra
- Technology & Manufacturing GroupIntel Corporation5000 West Chandler BoulevardChandlerArizona85226USA
| | - Adrianus Indrat Aria
- Surface Engineering and Precision CentreSchool of AerospaceTransport and ManufacturingCranfield UniversityCranfieldMK43 0ALUK
| | - Graham Christie
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1QTUK
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen InstituteNanoSYDUniversity of Southern DenmarkAlsion 2Sønderborg6400Denmark
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Division of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PZUK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research CenterScotland's Rural College (SRUC)Kings BuildingsEdinburghEH9 3JGUK
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringShiv Nadar UniversityDelhiUttar Pradesh201314India
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37
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Wang C, Qu X, Zheng Q, Liu Y, Tan P, Shi B, Ouyang H, Chao S, Zou Y, Zhao C, Liu Z, Li Y, Li Z. Stretchable, Self-Healing, and Skin-Mounted Active Sensor for Multipoint Muscle Function Assessment. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10130-10140. [PMID: 34086454 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of muscle function is an essential indicator for estimating elderly health, evaluating motor function, and instructing rehabilitation training, which also sets urgent requirements for mechanical sensors with superior quantification, accuracy, and reliability. To overcome the rigidity and vulnerability of traditional metallic electrodes, we synthesize an ionic hydrogel with large deformation tolerance and fast self-healing ability. And we propose a stretchable, self-healing, and skin-mounted (Triple S) active sensor (TSAS) based on the principles of electrostatic induction and electrostatic coupling. The skin modulus-matched TSAS provides outstanding sensing properties: maximum output voltage of 78.44 V, minimal detection limit of 0.2 mN, fast response time of 1.03 ms, high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent long-term service stability. In training of arm muscle, the functional signals of biceps and triceps brachii muscles as well as the joint dexterity of bending angle can be acquired simultaneously through TSAS. The signal can also be sent wirelessly to a terminal for analysis. With the characteristics of high sensitivity, reliability, convenience, and low-cost, TSAS shows its potential to be the next-generation procedure for real-time assessment of muscle function and rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuecheng Qu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Puchuan Tan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bojing Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Han Ouyang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shengyu Chao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Zou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaochao Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Lee G, Son JH, Lee S, Kim SW, Kim D, Nguyen NN, Lee SG, Cho K. Fingerpad-Inspired Multimodal Electronic Skin for Material Discrimination and Texture Recognition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002606. [PMID: 33977042 PMCID: PMC8097346 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Human skin plays a critical role in a person communicating with his or her environment through diverse activities such as touching or deforming an object. Various electronic skin (E-skin) devices have been developed that show functional or geometrical superiority to human skin. However, research into stretchable E-skin that can simultaneously distinguish materials and textures has not been established yet. Here, the first approach to achieving a stretchable multimodal device is reported, that operates on the basis of various electrical properties of piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and piezoresistivity and that exceeds the capabilities of human tactile perception. The prepared E-skin is composed of a wrinkle-patterned silicon elastomer, hybrid nanomaterials of silver nanowires and zinc oxide nanowires, and a thin elastomeric dielectric layer covering the hybrid nanomaterials, where the dielectric layer exhibits high surface roughness mimicking human fingerprints. This versatile device can identify and distinguish not only mechanical stress from a single stimulus such as pressure, tensile strain, or vibration but also that from a combination of multiple stimuli. With simultaneous sensing and analysis of the integrated stimuli, the approach enables material discrimination and texture recognition for a biomimetic prosthesis when the multifunctional E-skin is applied to a robotic hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giwon Lee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Son
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Korea
| | - Seong Won Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Korea
| | - Daegun Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Korea
| | - Nguyen Ngan Nguyen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Korea
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of UlsanUlsan44 610Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Korea
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39
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Zhou H, Song Y. Fabrication of Silver Mesh/Grid and Its Applications in Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3493-3511. [PMID: 33440929 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the development of flexible electronics, researchers have endeavored to improve the characteristics of the commonly used indium tin oxide such as brittleness, poor mechanical or chemical stability, and scarcity. Currently, many alternative materials have been considered such as conductive polymers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, metallic nanoparticles (NPs), nanowires (NWs), or nanofibers. Among them, silver (Ag) mesh/grid NPs or NWs have been considered as an excellent substitute due to the good transmittance, excellent electrical conductivity, outstanding mechanical robustness, and cost competitiveness. So far, much effort has been devoted to the fabrication of Ag mesh/grid, and many methods such as printing technology, self-assembly, electrospun, hot-pressing, and atomic layer deposition have been reported. Here printing technologies include jet printing, gravure printing, screen printing, nanoimprint lithography, microcontact printing, and flexographic printing. The solution-based self-assembly usually combines with coating, template, or mask assistance. This review summarizes the characteristics of these fabrication methods for the Ag mesh/grid with its related applications in electronics. Then the prospect and challenges of the fabrication methods are discussed, and the new preparation approaches and applications of the Ag mesh/grid are highlighted, which will be of significance for the applications in electronics such as transparent conducting electrodes, organic light-emitting diode, energy harvester, strain sensor, cells, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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40
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He T, Guo X, Lee C. Flourishing energy harvesters for future body sensor network: from single to multiple energy sources. iScience 2021; 24:101934. [PMID: 33392482 PMCID: PMC7773596 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Body sensor network (bodyNET) offers possibilities for future disease diagnosis, preventive health care, rehabilitation, and treatment. However, the eventual realization demands reliable and sustainable power sources. The flourishing energy harvesters (EHs) have provided prominent techniques for practically addressing the concurrent energy issue. Targeting for a specific energy source, wearable EHs with a sole conversion mechanism are well investigated. Hybrid EHs integrating different effects for a single source or multi-sources are attaining growing attention, for they provide another degree of freedom concerning a higher-level energy utility. Merging EHs with other functional electronics, diversified functional self-sustainable systems are developed, paving the way for the accomplishment of bodyNET. This review introduces the evolution of wearable EHs from a single effect to hybridized mechanisms for multiple energy sources and wearable to implantable self-sustainable systems. Last, we provide our perspectives on the future development of hybrid EHs to be more competitive with conventional batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinge Guo
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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41
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Wang X, Li L, Tong Y, Dai Y, Chen W. Synthesis of Core/Shell Structured Zinc Borate/Silica and Its Surface Charring for Enhanced Flame Retardant Properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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All 3D Printed Stretchable Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Sensor Application. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20236748. [PMID: 33255882 PMCID: PMC7728330 DOI: 10.3390/s20236748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of wearable electronic systems, the need for stretchable nanogenerators becomes increasingly important for autonomous applications such as the Internet-of-Things. Piezoelectric nanogenerators are of interest for their ability to harvest mechanical energy from the environment with its inherent polarization arising from crystal structures or molecular arrangements of the piezoelectric materials. In this work, 3D printing is used to fabricate a stretchable piezoelectric nanogenerator which can serve as a self-powered sensor based on synthesized oxide–polymer composites.
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43
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Xu J, Zou Y, Nashalian A, Chen J. Leverage Surface Chemistry for High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators. Front Chem 2020; 8:577327. [PMID: 33330365 PMCID: PMC7717947 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.577327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) are a highly efficient approach for mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion based on the coupling effects of contact electrification and electrostatic induction. TENGs have been intensively applied as both sustainable power sources and self-powered active sensors with a collection of compelling features, including lightweight, low cost, flexible structures, extensive material selections, and high performances at low operating frequencies. The output performance of TENGs is largely determined by the surface triboelectric charges density. Thus, manipulating the surface chemical properties via appropriate modification methods is one of the most fundamental strategies to improve the output performances of TENGs. This article systematically reviews the recently reported chemical modification methods for building up high-performance TENGs from four aspects: functional groups modification, ion implantation and decoration, dielectric property engineering, and functional sublayers insertion. This review will highlight the contribution of surface chemistry to the field of triboelectric nanogenerators by assessing the problems that are in desperate need of solving and discussing the field's future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yongjiu Zou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ardo Nashalian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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44
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Phan AD, Lam VD, Wakabayashi K. Cooperative nanoparticle self-assembly and photothermal heating in a flexible plasmonic metamaterial. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41830-41836. [PMID: 35516554 PMCID: PMC9057837 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07366k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate equilibrium behaviors and photothermal effects of a flexible plasmonic metamaterial composed of aramid nanofibers and gold nanoparticles. The fiber matrix is considered as an external field to reconfigure a nanoparticle assembly. We find that the heating process tunes particle–particle and fiber–particle interactions, which alter adsorption of nanoparticles on fiber surfaces or clustering in pore spaces. Thus, it is possible to control the nanoparticle self-assembly by laser illumination. Gold nanoparticles strongly absorb radiations and efficiently dissipate absorbed energy into heat. By solving the heat transfer equation associated with an effective medium approximation, we calculate the spatial temperature rise. Remarkably, our theoretical results quantitatively agree with prior experiments. This indicates that we can ignore plasmonic coupling effects induced by particle clustering. Effects of the laser spot size and intensity on the photothermal heating are also discussed. We theoretically investigate equilibrium behaviors and photothermal effects of a flexible plasmonic metamaterial composed of aramid nanofibers and gold nanoparticles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh D Phan
- Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Computer Science, Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University Hanoi 12116 Vietnam .,Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Vu D Lam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Katsunori Wakabayashi
- Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
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45
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Stretchable piezoelectric energy harvesters and self-powered sensors for wearable and implantable devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Wang P, Hu M, Wang H, Chen Z, Feng Y, Wang J, Ling W, Huang Y. The Evolution of Flexible Electronics: From Nature, Beyond Nature, and To Nature. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001116. [PMID: 33101851 PMCID: PMC7578875 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The flourishing development of multifunctional flexible electronics cannot leave the beneficial role of nature, which provides continuous inspiration in their material, structural, and functional designs. During the evolution of flexible electronics, some originated from nature, some were even beyond nature, and others were implantable or biodegradable eventually to nature. Therefore, the relationship between flexible electronics and nature is undoubtedly vital since harmony between nature and technology evolution would promote the sustainable development. Herein, materials selection and functionality design for flexible electronics that are mostly inspired from nature are first introduced with certain functionality even beyond nature. Then, frontier advances on flexible electronics including the main individual components (i.e., energy (the power source) and the sensor (the electric load)) are presented from nature, beyond nature, and to nature with the aim of enlightening the harmonious relationship between the modern electronics technology and nature. Finally, critical issues in next-generation flexible electronics are discussed to provide possible solutions and new insights in prospective exploration directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Mengmeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Yuping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Wei Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
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47
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Zhang Y, Kim H, Wang Q, Jo W, Kingon AI, Kim SH, Jeong CK. Progress in lead-free piezoelectric nanofiller materials and related composite nanogenerator devices. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3131-3149. [PMID: 36134257 PMCID: PMC9418676 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00809h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Current piezoelectric device systems need a significant reduction in size and weight so that electronic modules of increasing capacity and functionality can be incorporated into a great range of applications, particularly in energy device platforms. The key question for most applications is whether they can compete in the race of down-scaling and an easy integration with highly adaptable properties into various system technologies such as nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS). Piezoelectric NEMS have potential to offer access to a parameter space for sensing, actuating, and powering, which is inflential and intriguing. Fortunately, recent advances in modelling, synthesis, and characterization techniques are spurring unprecedented developments in a new field of piezoelectric nano-materials and devices. While the need for looking more closely at the piezoelectric nano-materials is driven by the relentless drive of miniaturization, there is an additional motivation: the piezoelectric materials, which are showing the largest electromechanical responses, are currently toxic lead (Pb)-based perovskite materials (such as the ubiquitous Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, PZT). This is important, as there is strong legislative and moral push to remove toxic lead compounds from commercial products. By far, the lack of viable alternatives has led to continuing exemptions to allow their temporary use in piezoelectric applications. However, the present exemption will expire soon, and the concurrent improvement of lead-free piezoelectric materials has led to the possibility that no new exemption will be granted. In this paper, the universal approaches and recent progresses in the field of lead-free piezoelectric nano-materials, initially focusing on hybrid composite materials as well as individual nanoparticles, and related energy harvesting devices are systematically elaborated. The paper begins with a short introduction to the properties of interest in various piezoelectric nanomaterials and a brief description of the current state-of-the-art for lead-free piezoelectric nanostructured materials. We then describe several key methodologies for the synthesis of nanostructure materials including nanoparticles, followed by the discussion on the critical current and emerging applications in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Center for Smart Materials and Device Integration, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 117575 Singapore
| | - Hyunseung Kim
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Wook Jo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jülich-UNIST Joint Leading Institute for Advanced Energy Research (JULIA), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Angus I Kingon
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
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48
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Vakulov Z, Zamburg E, Khakhulin D, Geldash A, Golosov DA, Zavadski SM, Miakonkikh AV, Rudenko KV, Dostanko AP, He Z, Ageev OA. Oxygen Pressure Influence on Properties of Nanocrystalline LiNbO 3 Films Grown by Laser Ablation. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071371. [PMID: 32674348 PMCID: PMC7408067 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Energy conversion devices draw much attention due to their effective usage of energy and resulting decrease in CO2 emissions, which slows down the global warming processes. Fabrication of energy conversion devices based on ferroelectric and piezoelectric lead-free films is complicated due to the difficulties associated with insufficient elaboration of growth methods. Most ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials (LiNbO3, BaTiO3, etc.) are multi-component oxides, which significantly complicates their integration with micro- and nanoelectronic technology. This paper reports the effect of the oxygen pressure on the properties of nanocrystalline lithium niobate (LiNbO3) films grown by pulsed laser deposition on SiO2/Si structures. We theoretically investigated the mechanisms of LiNbO3 dissociation at various oxygen pressures. The results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study have shown that conditions for the formation of LiNbO3 films are created only at an oxygen pressure of 1 × 10−2 Torr. At low residual pressure (1 × 10−5 Torr), a lack of oxygen in the formed films leads to the formation of niobium oxide (Nb2O5) clusters. The presented theoretical and experimental results provide an enhanced understanding of the nanocrystalline LiNbO3 films growth with target parameters using pulsed laser deposition for the implementation of piezoelectric and photoelectric energy converters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakhar Vakulov
- Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SSC RAS), 41 Chekhov St., 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Evgeny Zamburg
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore;
| | - Daniil Khakhulin
- Research and Education Centre ‘Nanotechnologies’, Southern Federal University, 2 Shevchenko St., 347922 Taganrog, Russia; (D.K.); (A.G.); (O.A.A.)
| | - Andrey Geldash
- Research and Education Centre ‘Nanotechnologies’, Southern Federal University, 2 Shevchenko St., 347922 Taganrog, Russia; (D.K.); (A.G.); (O.A.A.)
| | - Dmitriy A. Golosov
- Department of Electronic Technology and Engineering, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6 P. Brovki Str., 220013 Minsk, Belarus; (D.A.G.); (S.M.Z.); (A.P.D.)
| | - Sergey M. Zavadski
- Department of Electronic Technology and Engineering, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6 P. Brovki Str., 220013 Minsk, Belarus; (D.A.G.); (S.M.Z.); (A.P.D.)
| | - Andrey V. Miakonkikh
- Laboratory of Microstructuring and Submicron Devices, Valiev Institute of Physics and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 36/1 Nakhimovsky Av., 117218 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.M.); (K.V.R.)
| | - Konstantin V. Rudenko
- Laboratory of Microstructuring and Submicron Devices, Valiev Institute of Physics and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 36/1 Nakhimovsky Av., 117218 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.M.); (K.V.R.)
| | - Anatoliy P. Dostanko
- Department of Electronic Technology and Engineering, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6 P. Brovki Str., 220013 Minsk, Belarus; (D.A.G.); (S.M.Z.); (A.P.D.)
| | - Zhubing He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China;
| | - Oleg A. Ageev
- Research and Education Centre ‘Nanotechnologies’, Southern Federal University, 2 Shevchenko St., 347922 Taganrog, Russia; (D.K.); (A.G.); (O.A.A.)
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Meng X, Xu Y, Lu Q, Sun L, An X, Zhang J, Chen J, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Ning X. Ultrasound-responsive alkaline nanorobots for the treatment of lactic acidosis-mediated doxorubicin resistance. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13801-13810. [PMID: 32573588 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03726e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acidosis is one of the key characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and plays a critical role in therapy resistance, making it an attractive target for enhancing anticancer treatment. However, no effective systems exhibit the ability to selectively neutralize tumor lactic acidosis in a controlled manner. Here, we have developed novel ultrasound-responsive alkaline nanorobots (AN-DSP), composed of PLGA nanoparticles containing doxorubicin (DOX), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and perfluorocarbon (PFC), for recovering from lactic acidosis-mediated drug resistance. AN-DSP exhibit sensitive response to ultrasound stimulation, and rapidly release Na2CO3 to neutralize lactic acidosis, consequently enhancing DOX susceptibility in vitro and in vivo. Particularly, our nanorobots autonomously accumulate in tumors by an enhanced permeability and retention effect, and can specifically disrupt the tumor acidic microenvironment in response to external ultrasonic powering, resulting in the inhibition of tumor growth with minimal adverse effects. Therefore, AN-DSP represent a promising approach for selectively overcoming tumor lactic acidosis induced therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Meng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
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50
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Castro KB, Cooper JB. Single-pot two-temperature synthesis of high aspect ratio silver nanowires with narrow size distribution. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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