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Wang X, Zhang N, Guo S, Shang H, Luo X, Sun Z, Wei Z, Lei Y, Zhang L, Wang D, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Zhang L, Xiang X, Chen W, Zhang B. p-d Orbital Hybridization Induced by Asymmetrical FeSn Dual Atom Sites Promotes the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39051140 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
With more flexible active sites and intermetal interaction, dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have emerged as a new frontier in various electrocatalytic reactions. Constructing a typical p-d orbital hybridization between p-block and d-block metal atoms may bring new avenues for manipulating the electronic properties and thus boosting the electrocatalytic activities. Herein, we report a distinctive heteronuclear dual-metal atom catalyst with asymmetrical FeSn dual atom sites embedded on a two-dimensional C2N nanosheet (FeSn-C2N), which displays excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance with a half-wave potential of 0.914 V in an alkaline electrolyte. Theoretical calculations further unveil the powerful p-d orbital hybridization between p-block stannum and d-block ferrum in FeSn dual atom sites, which triggers electron delocalization and lowers the energy barrier of *OH protonation, consequently enhancing the ORR activity. In addition, the FeSn-C2N-based Zn-air battery provides a high maximum power density (265.5 mW cm-2) and a high specific capacity (754.6 mA h g-1). Consequently, this work validates the immense potential of p-d orbital hybridization along dual-metal atom catalysts and provides new perception into the logical design of heteronuclear DACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Separation Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shuohai Guo
- Center for Combustion Energy, School of Vehicle and Mobility, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huishan Shang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Separation Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Center for Combustion Energy, School of Vehicle and Mobility, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Sun
- Energy & Catalysis Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wei
- Energy & Catalysis Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yuanting Lei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Separation Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Separation Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Separation Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Separation Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Center for Combustion Energy, School of Vehicle and Mobility, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Energy & Catalysis Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Separation Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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Zhang C, Fu Y, Gao W, Bai T, Cao T, Jin J, Xin B. Deep Eutectic Solvent-Mediated Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228098. [PMID: 36432198 PMCID: PMC9694663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As green, safe, and cheap solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) provide tremendous opportunities to open up attractive perspectives for electrocatalysis. In this review, the achievement of DESs in the preparation of catalysts for electrolytic water splitting is described in detail according to their roles combined with our own work. DESs are generally employed as green media, templates, and electrolytes. A large number of hydrogen bonds in DESs result in supramolecular structures which have the ability to shape the morphologies of nanomaterials and then tune their performance. DESs can also serve as reactive reagents of metal electrocatalysts through directly participating in synthesis. Compared with conventional heteroatom sources, they have the advantages of high safety and designability. The "all-in-one" transformation strategy is expected to realize 100% atomic transformation of reactants. The aim of this review is to offer readers a deeper understanding on preparing DES-mediated electrocatalysts with higher performance for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyun Zhang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuxi Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wuxi 214028, China
| | - Yongqi Fu
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuxi Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wuxi 214028, China
| | - Wei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Te Bai
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuxi Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wuxi 214028, China
| | - Tianyi Cao
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuxi Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wuxi 214028, China
| | - Jianjiao Jin
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuxi Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wuxi 214028, China
| | - Bingwei Xin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13685345517
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Zhang W, Zhan S, Qin Q, Heil T, Liu X, Hwang J, Ferber TH, Hofmann JP, Oschatz M. Electrochemical Generation of Catalytically Active Edge Sites in C 2 N-Type Carbon Materials for Artificial Nitrogen Fixation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204116. [PMID: 36114151 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia (NH3 ) is a potentially carbon-neutral and decentralized supplement to the established Haber-Bosch process. Catalytic activation of the highly stable dinitrogen molecules remains a great challenge. Especially metal-free nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts do not often reach the desired selectivity and ammonia production rates due to their low concentration of NRR active sites and possible instability of heteroatoms under electrochemical potential, which can even contribute to false positive results. In this context, the electrochemical activation of nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalysts is an attractive, but not yet established method to create NRR catalytic sites. Herein, a metal-free C2 N material (HAT-700) is electrochemically etched prior to application in NRR to form active edge-sites originating from the removal of terminal nitrile groups. Resulting activated metal-free HAT-700-A shows remarkable catalytic activity in electrochemical nitrogen fixation with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 11.4% and NH3 yield of 5.86 µg mg-1 cat h-1 . Experimental results and theoretical calculations are combined, and it is proposed that carbon radicals formed during activation together with adjacent pyridinic nitrogen atoms play a crucial role in nitrogen adsorption and activation. The results demonstrate the possibility to create catalytically active sites on purpose by etching labile functional groups prior to NRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyong Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Shaoqi Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Qing Qin
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Heil
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xiyu Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinyeon Hwang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thimo H Ferber
- Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Oschatz
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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4
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Lu Q, Eid K, Li W. Heteroatom-Doped Porous Carbon-Based Nanostructures for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142379. [PMID: 35889603 PMCID: PMC9316151 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The continual rise of the CO2 concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere is the foremost reason for environmental concerns such as global warming, ocean acidification, rising sea levels, and the extinction of various species. The electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) is a promising green and efficient approach for converting CO2 to high-value-added products such as alcohols, acids, and chemicals. Developing efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts is the main barrier to scaling up CO2RR for large-scale applications. Heteroatom-doped porous carbon-based (HA-PCs) catalysts are deemed as green, efficient, low-cost, and durable electrocatalysts for the CO2RR due to their great physiochemical and catalytic merits (i.e., great surface area, electrical conductivity, rich electrical density, active sites, inferior H2 evolution activity, tailorable structures, and chemical–physical–thermal stability). They are also easily synthesized in a high yield from inexpensive and earth-abundant resources that meet sustainability and large-scale requirements. This review emphasizes the rational synthesis of HA-PCs for the CO2RR rooting from the engineering methods of HA-PCs to the effect of mono, binary, and ternary dopants (i.e., N, S, F, or B) on the CO2RR activity and durability. The effect of CO2 on the environment and human health, in addition to the recent advances in CO2RR fundamental pathways and mechanisms, are also discussed. Finally, the evolving challenges and future perspectives on the development of heteroatom-doped porous carbon-based nanocatalysts for the CO2RR are underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Lu
- Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Q.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Kamel Eid
- Gas Processing Center (GPC), College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence:
| | - Wenpeng Li
- Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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5
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Barrio J, Pedersen A, Feng J, Sarma SC, Wang M, Li AY, Yadegari H, Luo H, Ryan MP, Titirici MM, Stephens IEL. Metal coordination in C 2N-like materials towards dual atom catalysts for oxygen reduction. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2022; 10:6023-6030. [PMID: 35401983 PMCID: PMC8922559 DOI: 10.1039/d1ta09560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts, in particular the Fe-N-C family of materials, have emerged as a promising alternative to platinum group metals in fuel cells as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Numerous theoretical studies have suggested that dual atom catalysts can appreciably accelerate catalytic reactions; nevertheless, the synthesis of these materials is highly challenging owing to metal atom clustering and aggregation into nanoparticles during high temperature synthesis treatment. In this work, dual metal atom catalysts are prepared by controlled post synthetic metal-coordination in a C2N-like material. The configuration of the active sites was confirmed by means of X-ray adsorption spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. During oxygen reduction, the catalyst exhibited an activity of 2.4 ± 0.3 A gcarbon -1 at 0.8 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode in acidic media, comparable to the most active in the literature. This work provides a novel approach for the targeted synthesis of catalysts containing dual metal sites in electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Barrio
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London London SW27 AZ England UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Angus Pedersen
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London London SW27 AZ England UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Jingyu Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Saurav Ch Sarma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Mengnan Wang
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London London SW27 AZ England UK
| | - Alain Y Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Hossein Yadegari
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London London SW27 AZ England UK
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Mary P Ryan
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London London SW27 AZ England UK
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ England UK
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aobaku Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London London SW27 AZ England UK
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6
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Mudring AV, Hammond O. Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectics as a Transformative Platform for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3865-3892. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06543b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are becoming a revolutionary synthesis medium for inorganic nanomaterials, permitting more efficient, safer and environmentally benign preparation of high quality products. A smart combination of ILs and...
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7
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Ashraful Islam Molla M, Katsumata H, Furukawa M, Tateishi I, Kaneco S. Synthesis of an iso-type graphitic carbon nitride heterojunction derived from oxamide and urea in molten salt for high-performance visible-light driven photocatalysis. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrice-modified g-C3N4 with cyano groups and an asymmetric planar heptazine/triazine-based iso-type heterojunction structure (MOCN) exhibits significantly higher photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ashraful Islam Molla
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hideyuki Katsumata
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mai Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ikki Tateishi
- Mie Global Environment Center for Education & Research, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneco
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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8
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López-Salas N, Antonietti M. Carbonaceous Materials: The Beauty of Simplicity. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves López-Salas
- Colloids Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Colloids Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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9
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N/B codoped porous carbon electrode and electrolyte derived from amino acid based deep eutectic solvent for high capacitive performance. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Zhao X, Zhao Y, Tan H, Sun H, Qin X, Ho W, Zhou M, Lin J, Li Y. New carbon nitride close to C 6N 7 with superior visible light absorption for highly efficient photocatalysis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1764-1772. [PMID: 36654384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The rational design and construction of novel two-dimensional (2D) carbon nitrides (CNs) beyond g-C3N4 is a hot topic in the fields of chemistry and materials. Inspired by the polymerisation of urea, we have prepared a series of novel C-C bridged heptazine CNs UOx (where x is the ratio of urea to oxamide, x = 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3), which are similar to (C6N7)n, upon the introduction of oxamide. As predicted using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the conjugated structure of UOx was effectively extended from an individual heptazine to the entire material. Consequently, its bandgap was reduced to 2.05 eV, and its absorption band edge was significantly extended to 600 nm. Furthermore, its carrier transfer and separation were significantly enhanced, establishing its superior photocatalytic activity. The optimised UO2 exhibits a superior photocatalytic hydrogen production rate about 108.59 μmol h-1 (using 10 mg of catalyst) with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 36.12% and 0.33% at 420 and 600 nm, respectively, which is one of the most active novel CNs reported to date. Moreover, UO2 exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of diphenylhydrazine to azobenzene with conversion and selectivity reaching ~100%, which represents a promising highly efficient 2D CN material. Regarding phenols degradation, UO2 also displayed significantly higher activity and durability during the degradation of phenol when compared to traditional g-C3N4, highlighting its significant potential for application in energy, environment and photocatalytic organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yingnan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Huaqiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Huiying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wingkei Ho
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinliang Lin
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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Sakaushi K, Nishihara H. Two-Dimensional π-Conjugated Frameworks as a Model System to Unveil a Multielectron-Transfer-Based Energy Storage Mechanism. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3003-3015. [PMID: 33998232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusAlthough electrochemical energy storage is commonplace in our society, further advancements in this technology are indispensable for the transition to a low-carbon society. Recent intensive research has expanded concepts in this field; however, finding one suitable material to obtain a high energy density accomplishing the criteria of next-generation batteries is still a conundrum. To solve this issue, material investigations based on big data combined with artificial intelligence are a present trend. On the contrary, this Account focuses on an alternative approach, i.e., fundamental research to shed light on key basic principles to design new electrode materials and new principles achieving multielectron transfer, which is a key to improve a specific capacity. In addition to the cation-redox mechanism, materials showing the multielectron-transfer mechanism based on cation-/anion-redox can enrich material choices with high theoretical energy densities. The challenge in this mechanism is that a rational design of electrode materials based on microscopic understanding of underlying electrode processes has not been fully achieved so far. This is a key bottleneck in machine-learning approaches as well because the reliability of outputs from an algorithm is dependent on the reliability of data from a corresponding microscopic electrode process. Therefore, uncovering fundamental mechanisms in electrochemical energy storage remains one of the primary goals for the present research. In our series of investigations, we developed concepts for replacing complex practical electrode materials, such as polyanion or Li-rich layered oxides, by simplified model systems based on two-dimensional (2D) π-conjugated frameworks, which are based on purely organic aromatic systems and metal-containing coordination polymers. These materials are relatively simple, but it is still possible to control their complexity of systems in order to mimic certain aspects of structure-property relations in practical electrode materials. In particular, recent studies have shown that we can tune electronic structures of 2D π-conjugated frameworks, which is a key feature to investigate electron-transfer mechanisms, along with the concept of the threefold correlation approach, i.e., the relations in chemical structures, electronic structures, and electrochemical reactions. In this Account, several model studies focusing on microscopic understandings of structure-electrochemical energy storage functions are presented in which we investigate how the structural periodicity and nature of the coordination environment affect their electronic properties and the electrochemical reactions. In particular, we investigate the effects of combinations of linkers and metal ions toward the mechanism of the electrochemical energy storage reaction. We identified few major factors determining the energy storage mechanism of 2D π-conjugated frameworks. Local configurations of coordinate covalent bonding and organic linkers interact with each other, and these effects provide unique electronic states. These electronic states are projections of intriguing electrochemical features in this materials system, such as cation/anion co-redox mechanism, anion-insertion mechanism, or inductive effect. This Account indicates that 2D π-conjugated frameworks can be applied as models to extract fundamental/microscopic principles in the complicated electrode processes, which is linked to practical electrode materials, such as oxides. Therefore, the approach shown here is a powerful tool to unveil microscopic electrochemical energy storage mechanisms, which is indispensable to advance clean energy technology and accelerate decarbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sakaushi
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Research Center for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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12
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Kossmann J, Heil T, Antonietti M, López‐Salas N. Guanine-Derived Porous Carbonaceous Materials: Towards C 1 N 1. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6643-6650. [PMID: 33090683 PMCID: PMC7756593 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the basic nature of noble covalent, sp2-conjugated materials prepared via direct condensation of guanine in the presence of an inorganic salt melt as structure directing agent was studied. At temperatures below 700 °C stable and more basic addition products with at C/N ratio of 1 (C1 N1 adducts) and with rather uniform micropore sizes were formed. Carbonization at higher temperatures broke the structural motif, and N-doped carbons with 11 wt % and surface areas of 1900 m2 g-1 were obtained. The capability for CO2 sorption and catalytic activity of the materials depended of both their basicity and their pore morphology. The optimization of the synthetic parameters led to very active (100 % conversion) and highly selective (99 % selectivity) heterogeneous base catalysts, as exemplified with the model Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde with malononitrile. The high stability upon oxidation of these covalent materials and their basicity open new perspectives in heterogeneous organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kossmann
- Colloid Chemistry DepartmentMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Tobias Heil
- Colloid Chemistry DepartmentMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Colloid Chemistry DepartmentMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Nieves López‐Salas
- Colloid Chemistry DepartmentMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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13
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Tian Z, López‐Salas N, Liu C, Liu T, Antonietti M. C 2N: A Class of Covalent Frameworks with Unique Properties. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001767. [PMID: 33344122 PMCID: PMC7740084 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
C2N is a unique member of the CnNm family (carbon nitrides), i.e., having a covalent structure that is ideally composed of carbon and nitrogen with only 33 mol% of nitrogen. C2N, with a stable composition, can easily be prepared using a number of precursors. Moreover, it is currently gaining extensive interest owing to its high polarity and good thermal and chemical stability, complementing carbon as well as classical carbon nitride (C3N4) in various applications, such as catalysis, environmental science, energy storage, and biotechnology. In this review, a comprehensive overview on C2N is provided; starting with its preparation methods, followed by a fundamental understanding of structure-property relationships, and finally introducing its application in gas sorption and separation technologies, as supercapacitor and battery electrodes, and in catalytic and biological processes. The review with an outlook on current research questions and future possibilities and extensions based on these material concepts is ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University)Ministry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450002China
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam14476Germany
| | - Nieves López‐Salas
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam14476Germany
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University)Ministry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450002China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University)Ministry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450002China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxi214122P. R. China
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam14476Germany
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14
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Yang H, Wang Z, Liu S, Shen Y, Zhang Y. Molecular engineering of CxNy: Topologies, electronic structures and multidisciplinary applications. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Wang L, Yin P, Zhang LL, Shen SC, Xu SL, Chen P, Liang HW. Nitrogen-fixing of ultrasmall Pd-based bimetallic nanoclusters on carbon supports. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Talapaneni SN, Singh G, Kim IY, AlBahily K, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Karakoti AS, Tavakkoli E, Vinu A. Nanostructured Carbon Nitrides for CO 2 Capture and Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904635. [PMID: 31608512 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride (CN), a 2D material composed of only carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), which are linked by strong covalent bonds, has been used as a metal-devoid and visible-light-active photocatalyst owing to its magnificent optoelectronic and physicochemical properties including suitable bandgap, adjustable energy-band positions, tailor-made surface functionalities, low cost, metal-free nature, and high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stabilities. CN-based materials possess a lot of advantages over conventional metal-based inorganic photocatalysts including ease of synthesis and processing, versatile functionalization or doping, flexibility for surface engineering, low cost, sustainability, and recyclability without any leaching of toxic metals from photocorrosion. Carbon nitrides and their hybrid materials have emerged as attractive candidates for CO2 capture and its reduction into clean and green low-carbon fuels and valuable chemical feedstock by using sustainable and intermittent renewable energy sources of sunlight and electricity through the heterogeneous photo(electro)catalysis. Here, the latest research results in this field are summarized, including implementation of novel functionalized nanostructured CNs and their hybrid heterostructures in meeting the stringent requirements to raise the efficiency of the CO2 reduction process by using state-of-the-art photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and feedstock reactions. The research in this field is primarily focused on advancement in the synthesis of nanostructured and functionalized CN-based hybrid heterostructured materials. More importantly, the recent past has seen a surge in studies focusing significantly on exploring the mechanism of their application perspectives, which include the behavior of the materials for the absorption of light, charge separation, and pathways for the transport of CO2 during the reduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddulu Naidu Talapaneni
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FEBE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FEBE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - In Young Kim
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FEBE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Khalid AlBahily
- SABIC Corporate Research and Development Center at KAUST, Saudi Basic Industries Corporation, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala'a H Al-Muhtaseb
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khod, Muscat, 123, Oman
| | - Ajay S Karakoti
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FEBE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ehsan Tavakkoli
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FEBE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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17
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Zhao X, Xue Z, Chen W, Wang Y, Mu T. Eutectic Synthesis of High-Entropy Metal Phosphides for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2038-2042. [PMID: 31981404 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy materials, a new class of alloys that incorporate five or more principal elements into single-phase crystal structures, have received considerable interest in materials science and engineering. Considering the tailored composition and disordered configuration, these high-entropy materials may arouse functional synergism towards electrocatalysis. Here, a new strategy for preparing high-entropy metal phosphides (HEMPs) was developed by a eutectic solvent method. The as-prepared HEMP possessed a single metal phosphide phase with up to five homogenously distributed metal components. The versatile application of high-entropy materials was highlighted by integrating the HEMP catalyst into a two-electrode configuration for electrocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P.R. China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P.R. China
| | - Tiancheng Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P.R. China
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18
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Balance between favored activity and side reactions of nitrogen doped carbon as cathode material in Lithium-oxygen battery. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Liu S, Gao S, Fei T, Zhang T. Highly Sensitive and Selective Dopamine Detection Utilizing Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Prepared by a Molten Glucose-Assisted Hard-Template Approach. Chempluschem 2020; 84:845-852. [PMID: 31943989 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbons (N-MCs) are promising materials for electrochemical sensors or biosensors. However, facile and effective methods for the preparation of N-MCs for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) are required. A molten-glucose-assisted hard-template approach has been developed to synthesize N-MC materials by in situ introduction of nitrogen precursors, including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), dicyandiamide, and melamine. The combined characterization of X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate the successful preparation of N-MC materials. Most importantly, after detailed examination by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), N-MC obtained by using melamine as precursor (designated as N-MC-MA) displays good catalytic activity for electrochemical oxidation of DA. The N-MC-MA-based DA sensor shows a linear range from 0.2-8 μm with a detection limit of 0.05 μm in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), thus showing excellent sensitivity and selectivity for electrochemical DA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shang Gao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Teng Fei
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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20
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Rahman MZ, Kibria MG, Mullins CB. Metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1887-1931. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest progress, challenges and recommended future research related to metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen productionviawater-splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ziaur Rahman
- John J. Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive
- NW Calgary
- Canada
| | - Charles Buddie Mullins
- John J. Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
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21
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Li D, Ning XA, Huang Y, Li S. Nitrogen-rich microporous carbon materials for high-performance membrane capacitive deionization. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Huang H, Li Y, Wang N, Chen S, Wang C, Ma T. Efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalyst derived from ZnO@ zeolite imidazolate framework nanowire composite. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Antonietti M, Lopez-Salas N, Primo A. Adjusting the Structure and Electronic Properties of Carbons for Metal-Free Carbocatalysis of Organic Transformations. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805719. [PMID: 30561777 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials doped with some other lightweight elements were recently described as powerful, heterogeneous, metal-free organocatalysts, adding to their high performance in electrocatalysis. Here, recent observations in traditional catalysis are reviewed, and the underlying reaction mechanisms of the catalyzed organic transformations are explored. In some cases, these are due to specific active functional sites, but more generally the catalytic activity relates to collective properties of the conjugated nanocarbon frameworks and the electron transfer from and to the catalytic centers and substrates. It is shown that the learnings are tightly related to those of electrocatalysis; i.e., the search for better electrocatalysts also improves chemocatalysis, and vice versa. Carbon-carbon heterojunction effects and some perspectives on future possibilities are discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, D-14424, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, D-14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nieves Lopez-Salas
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, D-14424, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, D-14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ana Primo
- Structured Materials, Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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24
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Hammond OS, Li H, Westermann C, Al-Murshedi AYM, Endres F, Abbott AP, Warr GG, Edler KJ, Atkin R. Nanostructure of the deep eutectic solvent/platinum electrode interface as a function of potential and water content. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2019; 4:158-168. [PMID: 32254151 DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial nanostructure of the three most widely-studied Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), choline chloride:urea (ChCl:Urea), choline chloride:ethylene glycol (ChCl:EG), and choline chloride:glycerol (ChCl:Gly) at a Pt(111) electrode has been studied as a function of applied potential and water content up to 50 wt%. Contact mode atomic force microscope (AFM) force-distance curves reveal that for all three DESs, addition of water increases the interfacial nanostructure up to ∼40 wt%, after which it decreases. This differs starkly from ionic liquids, where addition of small amounts of water rapidly decreases the interfacial nanostructure. For the pure DESs, only one interfacial layer is measured at OCP at 0.5 nm, which increases to 3 to 6 layers extending ∼5 nm from the surface at 40 or 50 wt% water. Application of a potential of ±0.25 V to the Pt electrode for the pure DESs increases the number of near surface layers to 3. However, when water is present the applied potential attenuates the steps in the force curve, which are replaced by a short-range exponential decay. This change was most pronounced for ChCl:EG with 30 wt% or 50 wt% water, so this system was probed using cyclic voltammetry, which confirms the interfacial nanostructure is akin to a salt solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S Hammond
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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25
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Fernandes DM, Peixoto AF, Freire C. Nitrogen-doped metal-free carbon catalysts for (electro)chemical CO2 conversion and valorisation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13508-13528. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent developments made in the fabrication of N-doped carbon materials for enhanced CO2 conversion and electrochemical reduction into high-value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências
- Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
| | - Andreia F. Peixoto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências
- Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
| | - Cristina Freire
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências
- Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
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26
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Killing Two Birds with One Stone: A Highly Active Tubular Carbon Catalyst with Effective N Doping for Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Crucial Factors for the Application of Functional Nanoporous Carbon-Based Materials in Energy and Environmental Applications. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/c4040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This special issue of C—Journal of Carbon Research is dedicated to “Functional Nanoporous Carbon-Based Materials”. It contains contributions reporting on the synthesis of nanoporous carbons for the adsorption of proteins, their applications in electrochemical energy storage/conversion, and on the characterization/modification of their surface chemistry. Nanoporous carbon-based materials are widely researched, but at the same time, the field is still full of unutilized potential. The atomic construction of the carbon framework, pore sizes, pore geometries, presence of heteroatoms, particle size and shape, and many other “internal screws” are available; in the end, the high potential of carbon-based materials will only be fully explored if the interplay of these crucial factors is precisely controlled. This article is a summary of what we consider important for future targeted improvement of porous carbon nanomaterials for energy and environmental applications.
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28
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Rahman MZ, Davey K, Mullins CB. Tuning the Intrinsic Properties of Carbon Nitride for High Quantum Yield Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800820. [PMID: 30356987 PMCID: PMC6193178 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The low quantum yield of photocatalytic hydrogen production in carbon nitride (CN) has been improved upon via the modulation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic properties of the material. Although the modification of extrinsic properties has been widely investigated in the past, recently there has been growing interest in the alteration of intrinsic properties. Refining the intrinsic properties of CN provides flexibility in controlling the charge transport and selectivity in photoredox reactions, and therefore makes available a pathway toward superior photocatalytic performance. An analysis of recent progress in tuning the intrinsic photophysical properties of CN facilitates an assessment of the goals, achievements, and gaps. This article is intended to serve this purpose. Therefore, selected techniques and mechanisms of the tuning of intrinsic properties of CN are critically discussed here. This article concludes with a recommendation of the issues that need to be considered for the further enhancement in the quantum efficiency of CN photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Z. Rahman
- John J. Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering & Department of ChemistryCenter for ElectrochemistryTexas Materials InstituteUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712‐1589USA
| | - Kenneth Davey
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA5005Australia
| | - C. Buddie Mullins
- John J. Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering & Department of ChemistryCenter for ElectrochemistryTexas Materials InstituteUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712‐1589USA
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29
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Walczak R, Kurpil B, Savateev A, Heil T, Schmidt J, Qin Q, Antonietti M, Oschatz M. Templat‐ und metallfreie Synthese stickstoffreicher, nanoporöser und “edler” Kohlenstoffmaterialien durch direkte Kondensation eines vororganisierten Hexaazatriphenylen Vorläufers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Walczak
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Bogdan Kurpil
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Tobias Heil
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung FunktionsmaterialienTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Qing Qin
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Markus Antonietti
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Martin Oschatz
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
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30
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Walczak R, Kurpil B, Savateev A, Heil T, Schmidt J, Qin Q, Antonietti M, Oschatz M. Template‐ and Metal‐Free Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Rich Nanoporous “Noble” Carbon Materials by Direct Pyrolysis of a Preorganized Hexaazatriphenylene Precursor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10765-10770. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Walczak
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Bogdan Kurpil
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Tobias Heil
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Institut für ChemieAbteilung FunktionsmaterialienTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Qing Qin
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Martin Oschatz
- KolloidchemieMax Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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31
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Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Liu S, Zhang Y. Molecular engineering of polymeric carbon nitride: advancing applications from photocatalysis to biosensing and more. Chem Soc Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00840f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Different designs and constructions of molecular structures of carbon nitride for emerging applications, such as biosensing, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
| | - Yuye Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Medical School
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
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32
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Luo R, Liu C, Li J, Wang C, Sun X, Shen J, Han W, Wang L. Deep-Eutectic Solvents Derived Nitrogen-Doped Graphitic Carbon as a Superior Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32737-32744. [PMID: 28895399 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The activity and stability of electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) essentially depends on its structural and compositional properties. Herein, we report the facile preparation of nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon (NGC) via the pyrolysis of deep-eutectic solvents (DESs) as a superior electrocatalyst for ORR. The resulting NGCs possess high surface areas, rich nitrogen content, and favorable graphitization degree, all of which are highly desired for the ORR catalysts. The effects of the pyrolysis temperature on the ORR performance of the final products are explored. The results implied that the material fabricated at 900 °C (NGC900) is identified as the best ORR catalyst in the series of samples. Specifically, NGC900 shows efficient performance toward ORR with an onset potential of 0.97 V and a half potential of 0.84 V, which bears comparison with the commercial Pt/C catalyst with enhanced stability in the alkaline media. The superior ORR performance of NGC900 may be ascribed to the balance between the surface area, pyridinic nitrogen, and defect of NGCs. The rational design of NGCs with an efficient ORR activity and stability based on the low-cost DESs implies adequate support for the development of energy devices in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chaohai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Weiqing Han
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
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33
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Ji J, Wen J, Shen Y, Lv Y, Chen Y, Liu S, Ma H, Zhang Y. Simultaneous Noncovalent Modification and Exfoliation of 2D Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Electrochemiluminescent Biosensing. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11698-11701. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ji
- Jiangsu
Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device,
Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jing Wen
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Jiangsu
Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device,
Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yanqin Lv
- Jiangsu
Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device,
Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yile Chen
- Jiangsu
Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device,
Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu
Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device,
Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Haibo Ma
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu
Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device,
Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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34
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Chen B, Li F, Mei Q, Yang Y, Liu H, Yuan G, Han B. Synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped hierarchical porous carbons and metal-free oxidative coupling of silanes with alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:13019-13022. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically porous N and S co-doped carbon was used as an efficient and robust metal-free catalyst for oxidative coupling of silanes with alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Fengbo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Youdi Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Guoqing Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
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35
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Wang L, Yang C, Dou S, Wang S, Zhang J, Gao X, Ma J, Yu Y. Nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon networks: synthesis and applications in lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery and zinc-air battery. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Xu J, Zhu J, Yang X, Cao S, Yu J, Shalom M, Antonietti M. Synthesis of Organized Layered Carbon by Self-Templating of Dithiooxamide. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6727-33. [PMID: 27187106 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An unusual small molecule, dithiooxamide is used to produce nanostructured carbon via direct pyrolysis. The carbon shows a unique 2D-layer assembled structure and is in situ dual-heteroatom (N and S)-doped, meanwhile having relatively high surface area. These carbon materials can be further decorated with inorganic parts via a precomplexing approach. The functionalized carbon and the hybrid nanomaterials demonstrate remarkable performance for lithium-ion storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsan Xu
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Jixin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technology University, 30 South Puzu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shaowen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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37
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Jordan T, Shalom M, Antonietti M, Fechler N. Carbon nanoarchitectures by design: pre-organizing squaric acid with urea. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jordan
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm; Max Planck Institute of Colloids Interfaces; D-14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm; Max Planck Institute of Colloids Interfaces; D-14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm; Max Planck Institute of Colloids Interfaces; D-14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Nina Fechler
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm; Max Planck Institute of Colloids Interfaces; D-14424 Potsdam Germany
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38
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Antonietti M. Small is Beautiful: Challenges and Perspectives of Nano/Meso/Microscience. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2107-14. [PMID: 26848945 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This article gives a personal view on the development of our discipline, but also tries to elaborate some of the current and future trends to illustrate why "Small science" is at the core of the current scientific development of chemistry and physics. Topics such as the limits of 'small', new modes of self-organization, pattern recognition, self-repair, encoding of structures, and the appropriate handling of complexity are discussed along these lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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