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He X, Yu J, Yin R, Huang Y, Zhang P, Xiao C, Chen X. An AIEgen and Iodine Double-Ornamented Platinum(II) Complex for Bimodal Imaging-Guided Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309894. [PMID: 38308168 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Real-time biodistribution monitoring and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of platinum(II)-based anticancer drugs are urgently required to elevate their clinical performance. Herein, a tetraphenylethene derivative (TP) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties and an iodine atom are selected as ligands to endow platinum (II) complex TP-Pt-I with real-time in vivo self-tracking ability by fluorescence (FL) and computerized tomography (CT) imaging, and improved anticancer efficacy by the combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Especially, benefiting from the formation of a donor-acceptor-donor structure between the AIE photosensitizer TP and Pt-I moiety, the heavy atom effects of Pt and I, and the presence of I, TP-Pt-I displayed red-shifted absorption and emission wavelengths, enhanced ROS generation efficiency, and improved CT imaging capacity compared with the pristine TP and the control agent TP-Pt-Cl. As a result, the enhanced intratumoral accumulation of TP-Pt-I loaded nanoparticles is readily revealed by dual-modal FL and CT imaging with high contrast. Meanwhile, the TP-Pt-I nanoparticles show significantly improved tumor growth-inhibiting effects on an MCF-7 xenograft murine model by combining the chemotherapeutic effects of platinum(II) and the photodynamic effects of TP. This self-tracking therapeutic complex thus provides a new strategy for improving the therapeutic outcomes of platinum(II)-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidong He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Renyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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Xu Y, Lv L, Wang Q, Yao Q, Kou L, Zhang H. Emerging application of nanomedicine-based therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 237:113869. [PMID: 38522285 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are serious lung injuries caused by various factors, leading to increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier, reduced stability of the alveoli, inflammatory response, and hypoxemia. Despite several decades of research since ARDS was first formally described in 1967, reliable clinical treatment options are still lacking. Currently, supportive therapy and mechanical ventilation are prioritized, and there is no medication that can be completely effective in clinical treatment. In recent years, nanomedicine has developed rapidly and has exciting preclinical treatment capabilities. Using a drug delivery system based on nanobiotechnology, local drugs can be continuously released in lung tissue at therapeutic levels, reducing the frequency of administration and improving patient compliance. Furthermore, this novel drug delivery system can target specific sites and reduce systemic side effects. Currently, many nanomedicine treatment options for ARDS have demonstrated efficacy. This review briefly introduces the pathophysiology of ARDS, discusses various research progress on using nanomedicine to treat ARDS, and anticipates future developments in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitianhe Xu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Leyao Lv
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Children's Respiration Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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Liu J, Cabral H, Mi P. Nanocarriers address intracellular barriers for efficient drug delivery, overcoming drug resistance, subcellular targeting and controlled release. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115239. [PMID: 38437916 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The cellular barriers are major bottlenecks for bioactive compounds entering into cells to accomplish their biological functions, which limits their biomedical applications. Nanocarriers have demonstrated high potential and benefits for encapsulating bioactive compounds and efficiently delivering them into target cells by overcoming a cascade of intracellular barriers to achieve desirable therapeutic and diagnostic effects. In this review, we introduce the cellular barriers ahead of drug delivery and nanocarriers, as well as summarize recent advances and strategies of nanocarriers for increasing internalization with cells, promoting intracellular trafficking, overcoming drug resistance, targeting subcellular locations and controlled drug release. Lastly, the future perspectives of nanocarriers for intracellular drug delivery are discussed, which mainly focus on potential challenges and future directions. Our review presents an overview of intracellular drug delivery by nanocarriers, which may encourage the future development of nanocarriers for efficient and precision drug delivery into a wide range of cells and subcellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Peng Mi
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Du Y, Yang J, He F, Zhao X, Zhou J, Zang P, Liu C, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Yang P. Revealing the Mutually Enhanced Mechanism of Necroptosis and Immunotherapy Induced by Defect Engineering and Piezoelectric Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304322. [PMID: 37824104 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to low immunogenicity-induced immune escape and short-term circulating immune responses, the efficiency of immunotherapy is unsatisfactory. Therefore, triggering immunogenic cell death and establishing a long-term, mutually reinforced treatment modality are urgent challenges. In this study, ultrathin CaBi2 Nb2 O9 nanosheets with tunable oxygen vacancies (abbreviated as CBNO-OV1) are prepared for synergistic necroptosis and immunotherapy. The optimized vacancy concentration significantly improves the piezoelectric effect under ultrasound irradiation, thereby considerably improving the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Density functional theory shows that oxygen vacancies can improve the efficiency of electron hole separation by suppressing their recombination, thus resulting in enhanced piezocatalytic activity. Moreover, the piezoelectric effect improves the permeability of tumor cell membranes, thus resulting in Ca2+ influx. Additionally, CBNO-OV1 also releases a portion of Ca2+ , which induces necroptosis assisted by explosive ROS. Ribonucleic acid transcription tests suggest the mechanisms associated with immune response activation and necroptosis. More importantly, necroptosis can trigger a significant immune response in vivo, thus activating macrophage M1 polarization through the NF-kappa B pathway and promoting T-cell differentiation.Tumor Necrosis Factor-α differentiated from macrophages conversely promotes necroptosis, thus realizing a mutually enhanced effect. This study demonstrates the feasibility of mutually reinforced necroptosis and immunotherapy for amplifying tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Du
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jialing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Pengyu Zang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Li Y, Liu SB, Ni W, Gurzadyan GG, Wu Y, Wang J, Kuang GC, Jiang W. Near-Infrared BODIPY Photosensitizer for Modulating Mitochondrial Fusion Proteins and Inhibiting Choroidal Neovascularization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48027-48037. [PMID: 37812497 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers have emerged as cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) activators in photodynamic therapy (PDT), which induced cell apoptosis. As the major contributors to ROS and oxidative stress, mitochondria play an important role in cell apoptosis. Although there are many reports about near-infrared 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) as photosensitizers (PSs) for PDT, this kind of PS has rarely been used for treating mitochondrial function and choroidal neovascularization application at the same time. Herein, a novel near-infrared PS (BDP2) characterized by good water solubility, long wavelength excitation, and high ROS quantum yield has been made. Under near-infrared light irradiation, BDP2 would generate ROS with high yield, induce a mitochondrial morphology change, and trigger cell apoptosis by changing the fusion protein level. Deep investigation revealed that BDP2 can cause oxidative stress, break the balance between fusion and fission of mitochondrial dynamics protein through decreasing fusion protein MFN2 and OPA1 expression, and finally cause cell apoptosis. Due to these characteristics, the BDP2 PS was used to treat choroidal neovascularization in animal models and can inhibit neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Yuelu District, Changsha 410083, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Ni
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, The People's Republic of China
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Chao Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Yuelu District, Changsha 410083, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
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6
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Zhong T, Yu J, Pan Y, Zhang N, Qi Y, Huang Y. Recent Advances of Platinum-Based Anticancer Complexes in Combinational Multimodal Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300253. [PMID: 37097737 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Platinum drugs with manifest therapeutic effects are widely used, but their systemic toxicity and the drug resistance acquired by cancer cells limit their clinical applications. Thus, the exploration on appropriate methods and strategies to overcome the limitations of traditional platinum drugs becomes extremely necessary. Combination therapy of platinum drugs can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in an additive or synergistic manner, and can potentially reduce the systemic toxicity of platinum drugs and overcome platinum-resistance. This review summarizes the various modalities and current progress in platinum-based combination therapy. The synthetic strategies and therapeutic effects of some platinum-based anticancer complexes in the combination of platinum drugs with gene editing, ROS-based therapy, thermal therapy, immunotherapy, biological modelling, photoactivation, supramolecular self-assembly and imaging modality are briefly described. Their potential challenges and prospects are also discussed. It is hoped that this review will inspire researchers to have more ideas for the future development of highly effective platinum-based anti-cancer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Zhong
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Advanced Functional Materials of Jilin Province, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Advanced Functional Materials of Jilin Province, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yong Pan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Advanced Functional Materials of Jilin Province, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Department of Orthopedics, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yanxin Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Advanced Functional Materials of Jilin Province, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yubin Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Advanced Functional Materials of Jilin Province, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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7
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Chen G, Li Y, Liu J, Huang G, Tian Q. Anti-stokes luminescent organic nanoparticles for frequency upconversion biomedical imaging. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 50:102668. [PMID: 36933757 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Frequency upconversion optical imaging has attracted great attention due to its remarkable advantages over traditional down-conversion optical imaging. However, the development of frequency upconversion optical imaging is extremely limited. Herein, five derivatives with BODIPY structure (B1-B5) were developed to investigate its frequency upconversion luminescence (FUCL) performance by introducing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. Except for the nitro group decorated derivative, the other derivatives have strong and stable FUCL around 520 nm under 635 nm light excitation. More importantly, B5 retains FUCL ability after self-assembly. When applied to FUCL imaging of cells, B5 nanoparticles can be enriched in the cytoplasm and show a good signal-to-noise ratio. Meanwhile, FUCL tumor imaging can be achieved after 1 h of injection. This study not only provides a potential agent for FUCL biomedical imaging but also develops a new strategy for designing FUCL agents that exhibit excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Jinliang Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Qiwei Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
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Li G, Wu M, Xu Y, Wang Q, Liu J, Zhou X, Ji H, Tang Q, Gu X, Liu S, Qin Y, Wu L, Zhao Q. Recent progress in the development of singlet oxygen carriers for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wang Y, Wang N, Du Y, Jiang X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Feng Y, Wang P, Meng S. Novel nanoparticles prepared from isothiocyanate derivatives for phototherapy of tumor. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B: BIOLOGY 2023; 242:112701. [PMID: 37003123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy is a new method to treat tumor, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the GSH in tumor cells could deplete ROS produced by photosensitizers, resulting in inadequate PDT. Isothiocyanate not only is a new type of anti-tumor drug, but also may combine with GSH, increasing the content of intracellular ROS and improving PDT effect. Here we synthesized a kind of water-soluble nanoparticles (BN NPs) parceling BODIPY-I-35 up with mPEG-ITC and lecithin. mPEG-ITC can react with GSH in tumor cells to reduce the consumption of ROS. BN NPs can be used as vectors to deliver drugs to tumor sites. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, BN NPs solution increased 13 °C within 10 min, indicating that BN NPs had superb photothermal performance. In vitro experiments, low dose BN NPs showed satisfactory PDT and PTT effects, and the cell viability of MCF-7 cell was only 13%. In vivo, BN NPs with excellent biocompatibility showed favorable phototherapy effect and tumor was effectively inhibited. Fluorescence imaging could present the long retention effect of BN NPs in tumor locations. In conclusion, the BN NPs showed the effect of enhancing phototherapy and provided a remarkable application prospect in the phototherapy of tumor cells.
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Min X, Li M, Zhang W, Li RH, Zhang Z, Wang P, Su W, Li F, Sun Y, Liu Y. Pt(II) metallacycles encapsulated by ferritin enable precise cancer combination chemo-photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1090-1099. [PMID: 36629819 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02349k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Different from common anti-tumor drugs, organoplatinum(II) metallacycles can integrate imaging and other therapeutic capabilities by incorporating corresponding functional donor ligands to enable potential applications in biomedicine. However, most of the emerging therapeutic agents not only show poor solubility and selectivity but also have serious side effects and unsatisfactory efficacy and encounter the tendency to develop drug resistance due to their single treatment model. Herein, an organoplatinum(II) metallacycle (PtM) was designed and synthesized using coordination-driven self-assembly via the combination of a metallic chemotherapy precursor and a reactive oxygen species generating organic precursor. The hydrophobic PtM molecules were encapsulated in the cavity of human heavy chain ferritin (HFn) during the reassembly of HFn to prepare the active targeting nanoagent HFn-PtM for use in chemo-photodynamic combination therapy. The HFn-PtM nanoagents exhibited excellent stability in buffer (pH from 5 to 7.2), alleviating the concern of drug leakage during circulation. A cellular uptake assay indicated that HFn-PtM could efficiently enter specific cells that overexpress the transferrin receptor 1. In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor investigations revealed that HFn-PtM exhibited excellent anti-tumor efficiency with negligible systemic toxicity. This work provides a strategy for the easy construction of multifunctional organoplatinum-based tumor-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Min
- Wuhan Business University, Wuhan 430056, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Run-Hao Li
- Key State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Weide Su
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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11
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Recent Progress in Type I Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010332. [PMID: 36615526 PMCID: PMC9822449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In modern medicine, precision diagnosis and treatment using optical materials, such as fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT), are becoming increasingly popular. Photosensitizers (PSs) are the most important component of PDT. Different from conventional PSs with planar molecular structures, which are susceptible to quenching effects caused by aggregation, the distinct advantages of AIE fluorogens open up new avenues for the development of image-guided PDT with improved treatment accuracy and efficacy in practical applications. It is critical that as much of the energy absorbed by optical materials is dissipated into the pathways required to maximize biomedical applications as possible. Intersystem crossing (ISC) represents a key step during the energy conversion process that determines many fundamental optical properties, such as increasing the efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from PSs, thus enhancing PDT efficacy. Although some review articles have summarized the accomplishments of various optical materials in imaging and therapeutics, few of them have focused on how to improve the phototherapeutic applications, especially PDT, by adjusting the ISC process of organic optics materials. In this review, we emphasize the latest advances in the reasonable design of AIE-active PSs with type I photochemical mechanism for anticancer or antibacterial applications based on ISC modulation, as well as discuss the future prospects and challenges of them. In order to maximize the anticancer or antibacterial effects of type I AIE PSs, it is the aim of this review to offer advice for their design with the best energy conversion.
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Hou M, Liu S. Emerging Trends of J‐Aggregate Formation within Polymeric Nanoassemblies. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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13
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Sohrabi M, Babaei Z, Haghpanah V, Larijani B, Abbasi A, Mahdavi M. Recent advances in gene therapy-based cancer monotherapy and synergistic bimodal therapy using upconversion nanoparticles: Structural and biological aspects. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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14
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Xing X, Yang K, Li B, Tan S, Yi J, Li X, Pang E, Wang B, Song X, Lan M. Boron Dipyrromethene-Based Phototheranostics for Near Infrared Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Synchronous Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy of Cancer. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7939-7946. [PMID: 35980815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of photochemical properties of phototheranostics, especially the absorption, fluorescence, singlet oxygen (1O2) generation, and photothermal conversion efficiency, is a hot research topic. Here, we designed and synthesized four boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives with high absorption coefficients and intense fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The substituted electron-donating group significantly improved 1O2 generation and fluorescence of BODIPYs, whereas the electron-withdrawing group boosts photothermal conversion. These hydrophobic BODIPYs were further coated with DSPE-PEG-2000 to form water dispersible nanoparticles (NPs). Among these BODIPY NPs, the B-OMe-NPs with methoxyl substituted at the meso-position showed the highest 1O2 generation, a photothermal conversion efficiency of 66.5%, and an NIR fluorescence peak at 809 nm. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that B-OMe-NPs might be used for NIR fluorescent and photoacoustic imaging-guided photodynamic and photothermal therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejian Xing
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Baoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Tan
- Huazhi Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd., 618 Heping Road, Changsha 410125, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Yi
- Surgical Department of Breast and Thyroid Gland, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P. R. China
| | - Xiangcao Li
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - E Pang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Benhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Minhuan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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15
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Tian X, Lu H. Co‐delivery of Cisplatin and Chlorin e6 by Poly(phosphotyrosine) for Synergistic Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haisen Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqin Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of General Surgery Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Department of General Surgery Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
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16
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Ke L, Wei F, Xie L, Karges J, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. A Biodegradable Iridium(III) Coordination Polymer for Enhanced Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy Using an Apoptosis-Ferroptosis Hybrid Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205429. [PMID: 35532958 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of photodynamic therapy is hindered by the high glutathione concentration, poor cancer-targeting properties, poor drug loading into delivery systems, and an inefficient activation of the cell death machinery in cancer cells. To overcome these limitations, herein, the formulation of a promising IrIII complex into a biodegradable coordination polymer (IrS NPs) is presented. The nanoparticles were found to remain stable under physiological conditions but deplete glutathione and disintegrate into the monomeric metal complexes in the tumor microenvironment, causing an enhanced therapeutic effect. The nanoparticles were found to selectively accumulate in the mitochondria where these trigger cell death by hybrid apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways through the photoinduced production of singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals. This study presents the first example of a coordination polymer that can efficiently cause cancer cell death by apoptosis and ferroptosis upon irradiation, providing an innovative approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lina Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 400201, P. R. China
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17
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A supramolecular photosensitizer derived from an Arene-Ru(II) complex self-assembly for NIR activated photodynamic and photothermal therapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3064. [PMID: 35654794 PMCID: PMC9163081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30721-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective photosensitizers are of particular importance for the widespread clinical utilization of phototherapy. However, conventional photosensitizers are usually plagued by short-wavelength absorption, inadequate photostability, low reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantum yields, and aggregation-caused ROS quenching. Here, we report a near-infrared (NIR)-supramolecular photosensitizer (RuDA) via self-assembly of an organometallic Ru(II)-arene complex in aqueous solution. RuDA can generate singlet oxygen (1O2) only in aggregate state, showing distinct aggregation-induced 1O2 generation behavior due to the greatly increased singlet-triplet intersystem crossing process. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, RuDA with excellent photostability displays efficient 1O2 and heat generation in a 1O2 quantum yield of 16.4% (FDA-approved indocyanine green: ΦΔ = 0.2%) together with high photothermal conversion efficiency of 24.2% (commercial gold nanorods: 21.0%, gold nanoshells: 13.0%). In addition, RuDA-NPs with good biocompatibility can be preferably accumulated at tumor sites, inducing significant tumor regression with a 95.2% tumor volume reduction in vivo during photodynamic therapy. This aggregation enhanced photodynamic therapy provides a strategy for the design of photosensitizers with promising photophysical and photochemical characteristics.
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18
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Ke L, Wei F, Xie L, Karges J, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. A Biodegradable Iridium(III) Coordination Polymer for Enhanced Two‐Photon Photodynamic Therapy Using an Apoptosis–Ferroptosis Hybrid Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libing Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Lina Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 400201 P. R. China
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19
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Huang M, Xu C, Yang S, Zhang Z, Wei Z, Wu M, Xue F. Vehicle-Free Nanotheranostic Self-Assembled from Clinically Approved Dyes for Cancer Fluorescence Imaging and Photothermal/Photodynamic Combinational Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051074. [PMID: 35631661 PMCID: PMC9145484 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phototherapy, including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted growing attention as a noninvasive option for cancer treatment. At present, researchers have developed various “all-in-one” nanoplatforms for cancer imaging and PTT/PDT combinational therapy. However, the complex structure, tedious preparation procedures, overuse of extra carriers and severe side effects hinder their biomedical applications. In this work, we reported a nanoplatform (designated as ICG-MB) self-assembly from two different FDA-approved dyes of indocyanine green (ICG) and methylene blue (MB) without any additional excipients for cancer fluorescence imaging and combinational PTT/PDT. ICG-MB was found to exhibit good dispersion in the aqueous phase and improve the photostability and cellular uptake of free ICG and MB, thus exhibiting enhanced photothermal conversion and singlet oxygen (1O2) generation abilities to robustly ablate cancer cells under 808 nm and 670 nm laser irradiation. After intravenous injection, ICG-MB effectively accumulated at tumor sites with a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence signal, which helped to delineate the targeted area for NIR laser-triggered phototoxicity. As a consequence, ICG-MB displayed a combinational PTT/PDT effect to potently inhibit tumor growth without causing any system toxicities in vivo. In conclusion, this minimalist, effective and biocompatible nanotheranostic would provide a promising candidate for cancer phototherapy based on current available dyes in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbin Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China; (M.H.); (C.X.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China; (M.H.); (C.X.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Sen Yang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China;
| | - Ziqian Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China; (M.H.); (C.X.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Zuwu Wei
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (M.W.); (F.X.)
| | - Ming Wu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (M.W.); (F.X.)
| | - Fangqin Xue
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China; (M.H.); (C.X.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (M.W.); (F.X.)
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20
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Yao M, Wang X, Huang K, Jia X, Xue J, Guo B, Chen J. Fluorescence-Reporting-Guided Tumor Acidic Environment-Activated Triple Photodynamic, Chemodynamic, and Chemotherapeutic Reactions for Efficient Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Ablation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5381-5391. [PMID: 35467866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor acidic environment-activated combination therapy holds great promise to significantly decrease side effects, circumvent multiple drug resistance, and improve therapeutic outcomes for cancer treatment. Herein, Sorafenib/ZnPc(PS)4@FeIII-TA nanoparticles (SPFT) are designed with acid-environment turned-on fluorescence to report the activation of triple therapy including photodynamic, chemodynamic, and chemotherapy on hepatocellular carcinoma. The SPFT are composed of SP cores formulated via self-assembly of sorafenib and ZnPc(PS)4, with high drug loading efficiency, and FeIII-TA shells containing FeCl3 and tannic acid. Importantly, the nanoparticles suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of ZnPc(PS)4 due to their formation in nanoparticles, while assisting simultaneous uptake of the uploaded drugs in cancer cells. The tumor acidic environment initiates FeIII-TA decomposition and accelerates a chemodynamic reaction between FeII and H2O2 to generate toxic •OH. Then, the SP core is decomposed to separate ZnPc(PS)4 and sorafenib, which leads to fluorescence turning-on of ZnPc(PS)4, expedited photodynamic reactions, and burst release of sorafenib. Notably, SPFT shows low dark cytotoxicity to normal cells but exerts high potency on hepatocellular carcinoma cells under near-infrared light irradiation, which is much more potent than either sorafenib or ZnPc(PS)4 alone. This research offers a facile nanomedicine design strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yao
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Kunshan Huang
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Jinping Xue
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
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21
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22
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Zhao H, Xu J, Wang Y, Sun C, Bao L, Zhao Y, Yang X, Zhao Y. A Photosensitizer Discretely Loaded Nanoaggregate with Robust Photodynamic Effect for Local Treatment Triggers Systemic Antitumor Responses. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3070-3080. [PMID: 35038865 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), is a rising star for suppression of in situ and metastatic tumors, yet it is impeded by low ROS production and off-target phototoxicity. Herein, an aggregation degree editing strategy, inspired by gene editing, was accomplished by the coordination of an aggregation degree editor, p(MEO2MA160-co-OEGMA40)-b-pSS30 [POEGS; MEO2MA = 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate, OEGMA = oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate; pSS = poly(styrene sulfonate)] and indocyanine green (ICG) to nontoxic Mg2+, forming an ICG discretely loaded nanoaggregate (ICG-DNA). Optimization of the ICG aggregation degree [POEGS/ICG (P/I) = 6.55] was achieved by tuning the P/I ratio, alleviating aggregation-caused-quenching (ACQ) and photobleaching concurrently. The process boosts the PDT efficacy, spurring robust immunogenic cell death (ICD) and systemic antitumor immunity against primary and metastatic immunogenic "cold" 4T1 tumors via intratumoral administration. Moreover, the temperature-sensitive phase-transition property facilitates intratumoral long-term retention of ICG-DNA, reducing undesired phototoxicity to normal tissues; meanwhile, the photothermal-induced tumor oxygenation further leads to an augmented PDT outcome. Thus, this simple strategy improves PDT efficacy, boosting the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ)-dependent ICD effect and systemic antitumor responses via local treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | - Yuqiao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | - Lin Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | - Xiangliang Yang
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong 510530, China
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23
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BODIPY nanoparticles functionalized with lactose for cancer-targeted and fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2541. [PMID: 35169149 PMCID: PMC8847361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of four lactose-modified BODIPY photosensitizers (PSs) with different substituents (-I, -H, -OCH3, and -NO2) in the para-phenyl moiety attached to the meso-position of the BODIPY core were synthesized; the photophysical properties and photodynamic anticancer activities of these sensitizers were investigated, focusing on the electronic properties of the different substituent groups. Compared to parent BODIPY H, iodine substitution (BODIPY I) enhanced the intersystem crossing (ISC) to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) due to the heavy atom effect, and maintained a high fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) of 0.45. Substitution with the electron-donating methoxy group (BODIPY OMe) results in a significant perturbation of occupied frontier molecular orbitals and consequently achieves higher 1O2 generation capability with a high ΦF of 0.49, while substitution with the electron-withdrawing nitro group (BODIPY NO2) led a perturbation of unoccupied frontier molecular orbitals and induces a forbidden dark S1 state, which is negative for both fluorescence and 1O2 generation efficiencies. The BODIPY PSs formed water-soluble nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with lactose as liver cancer-targeting ligands. BODIPY I and OMe NPs showed good fluorescence imaging and PDT activity against various tumor cells (HeLa and Huh-7 cells). Collectively, the BODIPY NPs demonstrated high 1O2 generation capability and ΦF may create a new opportunity to develop useful imaging-guided PDT agents for tumor cells.
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Wang N, Wang Y, Shi R, Lin Y, Jiang X, Feng Y, Meng S. The photodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapeutic effect of BODIPY-I-35 liposomes with urea. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102723. [PMID: 35032702 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy is a new treatment means for cancer which can reduce the side effects of traditional cancer treatments to humans. Urea is a naturally occurring metabolite in the human body. Some studies have shown that it can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and cause oxidative stress. In order to explore the application of urea in enhancing the phototherapy effect, we synthesized a new structure photosensitizer (BODIPY-I-35) with good phototherapeutic effect and encapsulated it in liposomes. Compared with free BODIPY-I-35, water-soluble nanoliposomes (LipoBOD) produced a huge redshift (> 122 nm) of fluorescence emission in solution. When LipoBOD was irradiated with 808 nm laser (1 W/cm2) for 10 min, the temperature contrast increased by 20 °C, which was 4 times higher than free BODIPY-I-35. Confocal microscopy showed appreciable accumulation of LipoBOD in HeLa cells. In addition, when LipoBOD was incubated with urea in HeLa cells, we found that urea not only obviously enhanced the production of ROS, but also increased the apoptosis of HeLa cells. The synergistic effect of LipoBOD (20 μg/mL, at BODIPY-I-35-eq) with urea (250 mM) showed significantly higher phototoxicity than LipoBOD alone. Low dose can reduce the cell viability to 10%. Therefore, we have obtained an effective method of using urea to enhance the phototherapy effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
| | - Yuguang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
| | - Ruijie Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
| | - Yanxin Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
| | - Xu Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
| | - Yaqing Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
| | - Shuxian Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
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25
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Wang Y, Liu D, You M, Yang H, Ke H. Liposomal cyanine dyes with enhanced nonradiative transition for synergistic phototherapy of tumor. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3016-3022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00176d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic photosensitizers are of great interest in cancer diagnose and treatment such as fluorescence imaging, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, their poor aqueous solubility, inadequate photostability and...
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26
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Li Z, Yang XG, Zhang H, Zhang JR, Tian XK, Qin JH, Ma LF, Yan D. Near-infrared thermally activated delayed fluorescence of D–π-A–π-D difluoroboron complex for efficient singlet oxygen generation in aqueous media. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01112c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
NIR TADF difluoroboron complex shows extremely small ΔEST, broad absorption range (350–650 nm), high 1O2 quantum yield (62%), and selective photodynamic killing of Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of food and drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of food and drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Haining Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of food and drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Rui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of food and drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Ke Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of food and drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Huan Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of food and drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Fang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of food and drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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Liang X, Xia L, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Gong F, Zhang W. An acid-triggered BODIPY-based photosensitizer for enhanced photodynamic antibacterial efficacy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4235-4242. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00780k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An acid-triggered photodynamic antibacterial nanoplatform (IBPAAs) was constructed by co-assembly of an acid-triggered photosensitizer BODIPY (I-NBDP) and the POEGMA-b-PDEAEMA block copolymer for enhancing the antibacterial efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuning Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Lei Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yucheng Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Feirong Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Fang F, Zhu L, Li M, Song Y, Sun M, Zhao D, Zhang J. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material: An Emerging Class of Metal-Free Luminophores for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102970. [PMID: 34705318 PMCID: PMC8693050 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of simple, efficient, and biocompatible organic luminescent molecules is of great significance to the clinical transformation of biomaterials. In recent years, purely organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with an extremely small single-triplet energy gap (ΔEST ) have been considered as the most promising new-generation electroluminescence emitters, which is an enormous breakthrough in organic optoelectronics. By merits of the unique photophysical properties, high structure flexibility, and reduced health risks, such metal-free TADF luminophores have attracted tremendous attention in biomedical fields, including conventional fluorescence imaging, time-resolved imaging and sensing, and photodynamic therapy. However, there is currently no systematic summary of the TADF materials for biomedical applications, which is presented in this review. Besides a brief introduction of the major developments of TADF material, the typical TADF mechanisms and fundamental principles on design strategies of TADF molecules and nanomaterials are subsequently described. Importantly, a specific emphasis is placed on the discussion of TADF materials for various biomedical applications. Finally, the authors make a forecast of the remaining challenges and future developments. This review provides insightful perspectives and clear prospects towards the rapid development of TADF materials in biomedicine, which will be highly valuable to exploit new luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 185.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Dang H, Cheng Q, Tian Y, Teng C, Xie K, Yan L. Double pH-sensitive nanotheranostics of polypeptide nanoparticle encapsulated BODIPY with both NIR activated fluorescence and enhanced photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8871-8881. [PMID: 34693964 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01768c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To achieve accurate fluorescence imaging-guided cancer therapy, intelligent systems with specific responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment need to be designed. Here, we have achieved both enhanced NIR fluorescence and photodynamic therapy by introducing a dimethylamino functional group in BODIPY dyes, which can be used as a pH sensor under acidic conditions by coordinating with the proton. At pH 7.4, the fluorescence is quenched due to the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) process. After the photosensitizer is protonated in tumor cell lysosomes (pH 4.0-5.5), the PET process is inhibited and the fluorophore emission capacity is restored (fluorescence enhancement up to 10-fold), resulting in near-infrared fluorescence with the OFF/ON transition inside the tumor and enhanced singlet oxygen production for lysosome targeting capability. Due to the substitution of heavy atom iodine, the compound has a high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 81.8% in dichloromethane. In addition, using a pH-sensitive amphiphilic polypeptide (POEGMA23-PE9) as a carrier to wrap the photosensitizer BDPI can release enough drug in the acidic environment (pH 5.5-6.5) of intracellular endosomes/lysosomes, which is conducive to more adequate interactions of the photosensitizer with H+ and more effective enhancement of fluorescence emission and 1O2 production, achieving precise fluorescence imaging capability and extremely low background toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Dang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, iCHEM, University of Science and Technology of China, China.
| | - Quan Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, iCHEM, University of Science and Technology of China, China.
| | - Youliang Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, iCHEM, University of Science and Technology of China, China.
| | - Changchang Teng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, iCHEM, University of Science and Technology of China, China.
| | - Kai Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, iCHEM, University of Science and Technology of China, China.
| | - Lifeng Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, iCHEM, University of Science and Technology of China, China.
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Li G, Wang Q, Liu J, Wu M, Ji H, Qin Y, Zhou X, Wu L. Innovative strategies for enhanced tumor photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7347-7370. [PMID: 34382629 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01466h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved and promising treatment approach that utilizes a photosensitizer (PS) to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) through irradiation to achieve tumor noninvasive therapy. However, the limited singlet oxygen generation, the nonspecific uptake of PS in normal cells, and tumor hypoxia have become major challenges in conventional PDT, impeding its development and further clinical application. This review summarizes an overview of recent advances for the enhanced PDT. The development of PDT with innovative strategies, including molecular engineering and heavy atom-free photosensitizers is presented and future directions in this promising field are also provided. This review aims to highlight the recent advances in PDT and discuss the potential strategies that show promise in overcoming the challenges of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Jinxia Liu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Mingmin Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Haiwei Ji
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Yuling Qin
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Li Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China.
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Ma C, Zhang T, Xie Z. Leveraging BODIPY nanomaterials for enhanced tumor photothermal therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7318-7327. [PMID: 34355720 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00855b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past ten years, photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted widespread attention in tumor treatment due to its non-invasiveness and little side effects. PTT utilizes heat produced by photothermal agents under the irradiation of near-infrared light to kill tumor cells. Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), an organic phototherapy agent, has been widely used in tumor phototherapy due to its higher molar extinction coefficient, robust photostability and good phototherapy effect. However, there are some issues in the application of BODIPY for tumor PTT, such as low photothermal conversion efficiency and short absorption wavelength. In this review, we focus on the latest development of BODIPY nanomaterials for overcoming the above problems and enhancing the PTT effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P. R. China.
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
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Cao S, Xia Y, Shao J, Guo B, Dong Y, Pijpers IAB, Zhong Z, Meng F, Abdelmohsen LKEA, Williams DS, van Hest JCM. Biodegradable Polymersomes with Structure Inherent Fluorescence and Targeting Capacity for Enhanced Photo-Dynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17629-17637. [PMID: 34036695 PMCID: PMC8361757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable nanostructures displaying aggregation-induced emission (AIE) are desirable from a biomedical point of view, due to the advantageous features of loading capacity, emission brightness, and fluorescence stability. Herein, biodegradable polymers comprising poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly(caprolactone-gradient-trimethylene carbonate) (PEG-P(CLgTMC)), with tetraphenylethylene pyridinium-TMC (PAIE) side chains have been developed, which self-assembled into well-defined polymersomes. The resultant AIEgenic polymersomes are intrinsically fluorescent delivery vehicles. The presence of the pyridinium moiety endows the polymersomes with mitochondrial targeting ability, which improves the efficiency of co-encapsulated photosensitizers and improves therapeutic index against cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. This contribution showcases the ability to engineer AIEgenic polymersomes with structure inherent fluorescence and targeting capacity for enhanced photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoupeng Cao
- Bio-Organic ChemistryInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Yifeng Xia
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and ApplicationCollege of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Shao
- Bio-Organic ChemistryInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Beibei Guo
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and ApplicationCollege of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Dong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and ApplicationCollege of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Imke A. B. Pijpers
- Bio-Organic ChemistryInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and ApplicationCollege of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and ApplicationCollege of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen
- Bio-Organic ChemistryInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - David S. Williams
- School of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Bio-Organic ChemistryInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
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Cao S, Xia Y, Shao J, Guo B, Dong Y, Pijpers IAB, Zhong Z, Meng F, Abdelmohsen LKEA, Williams DS, Hest JCM. Biodegradable Polymersomes with Structure Inherent Fluorescence and Targeting Capacity for Enhanced Photo‐Dynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoupeng Cao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Yifeng Xia
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Shao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Beibei Guo
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Dong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Imke A. B. Pijpers
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - David S. Williams
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Jan C. M. Hest
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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Lee HW, Lee DJ, Lim CS. Recent Research Trends of Two‐Photon Photosensitizer for Simultaneous Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou University Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou University Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Su Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou University Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
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He M, Chen F, Shao D, Weis P, Wei Z, Sun W. Photoresponsive metallopolymer nanoparticles for cancer theranostics. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120915. [PMID: 34102525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, transition metal complexes have been successfully used in anticancer phototherapies. They have shown promising properties in many different areas including photo-induced ligand exchange or release, rich excited state behavior, and versatile biochemical properties. When encorporated into polymeric frameworks and become part of nanostructures, photoresponsive metallopolymer nanoparticles (MPNs) show enhanced water solubility, extended blood circulation and increased tumor-specific accumulation, which greatly improves the tumor therapeutic effects compared to low-molecule-weight metal complexes. In this review, we aim to present the recent development of photoresponsive MPNs as therapeutic nanomedicines. This review will summarize four major areas separately, namely platinum-containing polymers, zinc-containing polymers, iridium-containing polymers and ruthenium-containing polymers. Representative MPNs of each type are discussed in terms of their design strategies, fabrication methods, and working mechanisms. Current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Fangman Chen
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Philipp Weis
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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He Z, Tian S, Gao Y, Meng F, Luo L. Luminescent AIE Dots for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy. Front Chem 2021; 9:672917. [PMID: 34113602 PMCID: PMC8185329 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.672917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging effective strategy for cancer treatment. Compared with conventional cancer therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, PDT has shown great promise as a next-generation cancer therapeutic strategy owing to its many advantages such as non-invasiveness, negligible observed drug resistance, localized treatment, and fewer side effects. One of the key elements in photodynamic therapy is the photosensitizer (PS) which converts photons into active cytotoxic species, namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS). An ideal PS for photodynamic therapy requires the efficient generation of ROS, high stability against photo bleaching, and robust performance in different environments and concentrations. PSs with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics have drawn significant attention, in that they can overcome the aggregation- caused quenching effect that is commonly seen in the case of fluorescence dyes and provide excellent performance at high concentrations or in their condensed state. Moreover, organic nanomaterials with AIE characteristics, or AIE dots, have played an increasingly significant role in assisting PDT based on its excellent ROS generation efficiency and simultaneous imaging feature. This review summarizes the recent advances on the molecular design of AIE PSs and AIE dots-based probes, as well as their emerging applications for enhanced anticancer PDT theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sidan Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanling Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kwon N, Kim H, Li X, Yoon J. Supramolecular agents for combination of photodynamic therapy and other treatments. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7248-7268. [PMID: 34163818 PMCID: PMC8171357 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment for cancers such as superficial skin cancers, esophageal cancer, and cervical cancer. Unfortunately, PDT often does not have sufficient therapeutic benefits due to its intrinsic oxygen dependence and the limited permeability of irradiating light. Side effects from "always on" photosensitizers (PSs) can be problematic, and PDT cannot treat tumor metastases or recurrences. In recent years, supramolecular approaches using non-covalent interactions have attracted attention due to their potential in PS development. A supramolecular PS assembly could be built to maximize photodynamic effects and minimize side effects. A combination of two or more therapies can effectively address shortcomings while maximizing the benefits of each treatment regimen. Using the supramolecular assembly, it is possible to design a multifunctional supramolecular PS to exert synergistic effects by combining PDT with other treatment methods. This review provides a summary of important research progress on supramolecular systems that can be used to combine PDT with photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy to compensate for the shortcomings of PDT, and it provides an overview of the prospects for future cancer treatment advances and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Xingshu Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
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Lee K, Wan Y, Li X, Cui X, Li S, Lee C. Recent Progress of Alkyl Radicals Generation-Based Agents for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100055. [PMID: 33738983 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is extensively explored for anticancer and antibacterial applications. It typically relies on oxygen-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to realize its killing effect. This type of therapy modality shows compromised therapeutic results for treating hypoxic tumors or bacteria-infected wounds. Recently, alkyl radicals attracted much attention as they can be generated from some azo-based initiators only under mild heat stimulus without oxygen participation. Many nanocarriers or hydrogel systems have been developed to load and deliver these radical initiators to lesion sites for theranostics. These systems show good anticancer or antimicrobial effect in hypoxic environment and some of them possess specific imaging abilities providing precise guidance for treatment. This review summarizes the developed materials that aim at treating hypoxic cancer and bacteria-infected wound by using this kind of oxygen-irrelevant alkyl radicals. Based on the carrier components, these agents are divided into three groups: inorganic, organic, as well as inorganic and organic hybrid carrier-based therapeutic systems. The construction of these agents and their specific advantages in biomedical field are highlighted. Finally, the existing problems and future promising development directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka‐Wai Lee
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Yingpeng Wan
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Li
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Sing Lee
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
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Ke L, Wei F, Liao X, Rees TW, Kuang S, Liu Z, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Nano-assembly of ruthenium(II) photosensitizers for endogenous glutathione depletion and enhanced two-photon photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7590-7599. [PMID: 33884385 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00773d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising noninvasive cancer treatment. PDT in the clinic faces several hurdles due to the unique tumor environment, a feature of which is high levels of glutathione (GSH). An excess amount of GSH consumes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photosensitizers (PSs), reducing PDT efficiency. Herein, nano-photosensitizers (RuS1 NPs and RuS2 NPs) are reported. These consist of ruthenium complexes joined by disulfide bonds forming GSH sensitive polymer nanoparticles. The NPs achieve enhanced uptake compared to their constituent monomers. Inside cancer cells, high levels of GSH break the S-S bonds releasing PS molecules in the cell. The level of GSH is also then reduced leading to excellent PDT activity. Furthermore, RuS2 NPs functionalized with tumor targeting hyaluronic acid (HA@RuS2 NPs) assessed in vivo were highly effective with minimal side effects. To the best of our knowledge, RuS NPs are the first metal complex-based nano-assembled photosensitizers which exhibit enhanced specificity and consume endogenous GSH simultaneously, thus achieving excellent two-photon PDT efficiency in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Xinxing Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Thomas W Rees
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Shi Kuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Zhou Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Yan Z, Wang M, Shi M, He Y, Zhang Y, Qiu S, Yang H, Chen H, He H, Guo Z. Amphiphilic BODIPY dye aggregates in polymeric micelles for wavelength-dependent photo-induced cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6886-6897. [PMID: 32323684 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive nanoparticles of organic small-molecule dyes hold great promise as phototherapeutic dyes (PDs) for clinical translation due to their intrinsic merits, including well-defined structure, high purity, and good reproducibility. However, they have been explored with limited success in the development of photostable NIR PDs with extraordinary photoconversion for highly effective phototherapy. Herein, we have described amphiphilic BODIPY dye aggregates within the polymeric micelles (Micelles) as potent bifunctional PDs for dually cooperative phototherapy under NIR irradiation. Micelles possessed an intensive NIR absorption, high photostability, and favorable non-radiative transition, thereby exhibiting both remarkable singlet oxygen generation and photothermal effect under NIR light irradiation. Besides, Micelles had preferable cellular uptake, effective cytoplasmic drug translocation as well as enhanced tumor accumulation. Owing to the combined virtues, Micelles showed clinical potential as bifunctional PDs for photo-induced cancer therapy. This work thus provides a facile strategy to exploit advanced PDs for practical phototherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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880 nm NIR-Triggered Organic Small Molecular-Based Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy of Tumor. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030773. [PMID: 33803677 PMCID: PMC8003086 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has received constant attention as an efficient cancer therapy method due to locally selective treatment, which is not affected by the tumor microenvironment. In this study, a novel 880 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser-triggered photothermal agent (PTA), 3TT-IC-4Cl, was used for PTT of a tumor in deep tissue. Folic acid (FA) conjugated amphiphilic block copolymer (folic acid-polyethylene glycol-poly (β-benzyl-L-aspartate)10, FA-PEG-PBLA10) was employed to encapsulate 3TT-IC-4Cl by nano-precipitation to form stable nanoparticles (TNPs), and TNPs exhibit excellent photothermal stability and photothermal conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the in vitro results showed TNPs display excellent biocompatibility and significant phototoxicity. These results suggest that 880 nm triggered TNPs have great potential as effective PTAs for photothermal therapy of tumors in deep tissue.
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He Z, Gao Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Meng F, Luo L, Tang BZ. Platinum-AIEgen coordination complex for imaging-guided annihilation of cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:7785-7788. [PMID: 32542273 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00821d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a new platinum-AIEgen coordination complex. Possessing a high 1O2 quantum yield of 0.75 in water, the complex efficiently kills cisplatin-resistant cancer cells under mild white light irradiation. Its strong fluorescence upon binding with proteins also enables direct visualization of its intracellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yuting Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiuxia Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Fanling Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Liang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhao X, Liu J, Fan J, Chao H, Peng X. Recent progress in photosensitizers for overcoming the challenges of photodynamic therapy: from molecular design to application. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4185-4219. [PMID: 33527104 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a therapeutic mode involving light triggering, has been recognized as an attractive oncotherapy treatment. However, nonnegligible challenges remain for its further clinical use, including finite tumor suppression, poor tumor targeting, and limited therapeutic depth. The photosensitizer (PS), being the most important element of PDT, plays a decisive role in PDT treatment. This review summarizes recent progress made in the development of PSs for overcoming the above challenges. This progress has included PSs developed to display enhanced tolerance of the tumor microenvironment, improved tumor-specific selectivity, and feasibility of use in deep tissue. Based on their molecular photophysical properties and design directions, the PSs are classified by parent structures, which are discussed in detail from the molecular design to application. Finally, a brief summary of current strategies for designing PSs and future perspectives are also presented. We expect the information provided in this review to spur the further design of PSs and the clinical development of PDT-mediated cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
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Guo Z, He H, Zhang Y, Rao J, Yang T, Li T, Wang L, Shi M, Wang M, Qiu S, Song X, Ke H, Chen H. Heavy-Atom-Modulated Supramolecular Assembly Increases Antitumor Potency against Malignant Breast Tumors via Tunable Cooperativity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004225. [PMID: 33270303 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains with highest incidence and mortality rates among females, and a critical bottleneck lies in rationally establishing potent therapeutics against TNBC. Here, the self-assembled micellar nanoarchitecture of heavy-atom-modulated supramolecules with efficient cytoplasmic translocation and tunable photoconversion is shown, for potent suppression against primary, metastatic, and recurrent TNBC. Multi-iodinated boron dipyrromethene micelles yield tunable photoconversion into singlet oxygen and a thermal effect, together with deep penetration and subsequent cytoplasmic translocation at the tumor. Tetra-iodinated boron dipyrromethene micelles (4-IBMs) particularly show a distinctly enhanced cooperativity of antitumor efficiency through considerable expressions of apoptotic proteins, potently suppressing subcutaneous, and orthotopic TNBC models, together with reduced oxygen dependence. Furthermore, 4-IBMs yield preferable anti-metastatic and anti-recurrent efficacies through the inhibition of metastasis-relevant proteins, distinct immunogenic cell death, and re-education of M2 macrophages into tumoricidal M1 phenotype as compared to chemotherapy and surgical resection. These results offer insights into the cooperativity of supramolecular nanoarchitectures for potent phototherapy against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hui He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiaming Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mengke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shihong Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xue Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hengte Ke
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huabing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Deng Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Xu Y, Zhang J, Huang F, Li B, Miao Y, Sun Y, Li Y. Dual-light triggered metabolizable nano-micelles for selective tumor-targeted photodynamic/hyperthermia therapy. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:323-336. [PMID: 33122146 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy, including photodynamic and photothermal therapies, is a non-invasive photo-triggered tumor treatment. Combination therapy and new synergistic therapeutic reagents may hold promise for improving these treatments. Herein, we report an amphiphilic iridium-based photosensitizer (C14-IP2000) loaded with a hydrophobic photo-thermal drug (ZnPc) to form nano-micelles (ZNPs) for dual-light triggered tumor phototherapy. The C14-IP2000 was contained within ZNPs consisting of an iridium complex core decorated with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol chains to extend the time in blood circulation, and two hydrophobic carbon chains to enhance the loading capacity and the hydrophobic interaction with the loaded reagent. The designed ZNPs showed effective blood circulation, passive tumor targeting ability, remarkable photodynamic conversion ability, and good photothermal conversion capability, and therefore may be used for combined tumor ablation. Our results demonstrated that the amphipathic bionic structure of ZNPs not only enables self-assembled reagent fabrication with prolonged circulation time and favorable metabolic characteristics for tumor combination therapy, but also provides a nanostructure strategy for the modification of functionalized reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Deng
- Institute of Bismuth Science, College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Bismuth Science, College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yongtian Liu
- Institute of Bismuth Science, College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Institute of Bismuth Science, College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Bismuth Science, College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Bismuth Science, College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Research and Development & Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Institute of Bismuth Science, College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Research and Development & Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- Institute of Bismuth Science, College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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48
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Jin T, Huang C, Cui M, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhu W, Qian X. Supramolecular ensembles modified by near-infrared dyes and their biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10686-10699. [PMID: 33156324 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01829e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared dyes possess the qualities of lower interference with biological autofluorescence, low photon scattering, and deep tissue penetration, and are being increasingly involved in the development of biomaterials for sensing and precision medicine. However, dyes usually suffer from the disadvantages of poor water solubility and photobleaching, factors that limit their application in vivo. The introduction of supramolecular ensembles can provide an ideal solution. This review presents recently developed supramolecular ensembles modified by near-infrared dyes. Compared with small-molecule fluorophores, the specific size of a supramolecular-based fluorophore endows it with longer circulation time in the bloodstream, increasing its chances of reaching a specific target. In addition, the construction of supramolecule-based fluorophores with versatile functions can be achieved by simple encapsulation or doping, instead of by complicated chemical synthesis. Thus, supramolecular-complex-based fluorophores offer high potential in diagnosis and therapy. This review outlines four different species of near-infrared dye based ensembles in terms of their method of formation, including simple encapsulation or doping and copolymerisation. Recently, a new technology has employed modified fluorophores for in situ self-assembly that form supramolecular ensembles at a specific position, thus solving the problem of poor uptake of nanoparticles by cells, and is included in this review. Finally, the future of this field is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxia Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Li M, Xu Y, Zhao M, Li F, Feng W, Feng T, Liu S, Zhao Q. Rational Design of Near-Infrared-Absorbing Pt(II)-Chelated Azadipyrromethene Dyes as a New Generation of Photosensitizers for Synergistic Phototherapy. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17826-17833. [PMID: 33296600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pt(II) photosensitizers are emerging as novel Pt anticancer agents for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) to avoid uncontrollable toxicity of cisplatin. However, the application of Pt(II) photosensitizers is limited by tumor hypoxia and the poor penetration depth of excitation light. To overcome these drawbacks, exploiting the next generation of Pt anticancer agents is of urgent need. According to theoretical calculations, novel near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing Pt(II)-chelated azadipyrromethene dyes (PtDP-X, where X = N, C, and S) were designed. Importantly, spin-orbit coupling of the Pt atom could promote the intersystem crossing of a singlet-to-triplet transition for converting oxygen to singlet oxygen (1O2), and the azadipyrromethene skeleton could provide a strong photothermal effect. As expected, PtDP-X exhibited intense NIR absorption and synergistic PDT and photothermal effects with low dark cytotoxicity. Furthermore, water-soluble and biocompatible PtDP-N nanoparticles (PtDP-N NPs) were prepared that achieved effective tumor cell elimination with low side effects under 730 nm light irradiation in vitro and in vivo. This pioneering work could push the exploitation of NIR-absorbing metal-chelated azadipyrromethene dyes, so as to promote the positive evolution of phototherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdang Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yunjian Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Menglong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Feiyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Teng Feng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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50
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Sun Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Wang P, He G, Blum NT, Lin J, Liu Q, Wang X, Huang P. Six Birds with One Stone: Versatile Nanoporphyrin for Single-Laser-Triggered Synergistic Phototheranostics and Robust Immune Activation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004481. [PMID: 33015905 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) can reduce the risks of drug leakage, body burden, and preparation complexity in traditional combination PDT/PTT. Here, a versatile nanoporphyrin (Pp18-lipos) self-assembled from lipid-purpurin 18 conjugates (Pp18-lipids) and pure lipids is presented. The as-prepared Pp18-lipos with 2 mol% Pp18-lipids can perform effective PDT and fluorescence imaging. The Pp18-lipos with 65 mol% Pp18 can perform potent PTT and photoacoustic imaging. The chelation of Mn2+ endows the Pp18-lipids-Mn2+ a high T1 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging contrast. Notably, pretreatment of low-dose PDT facilitates the endocytosis and tumor accumulation of Pp18-lipos, thus achieving synergistic PDT/PTT. Upon exposure to a single 705 nm-laser, the combination of PDT/PTT achieves a significantly higher tumor growth inhibition rate than PDT or PTT alone. In addition, it is found that the synergistic PDT/PTT triggers more potent anti-tumor immune response including tumor infiltration of immune cells and release of related cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ye Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Pan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Gang He
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Nicholas T Blum
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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