1
|
Gao C, Li C, Yang Y, Jiang Z, Xue X, Chenchai K, Liao J, Shangguan Z, Wu C, Zhang X, Jia D, Zhang F, Liu G, Zhang G, Zhang D. Nonhalogenated Solvent Processable and High-Density Photopatternable Polymer Semiconductors Enabled by Incorporating Hydroxyl Groups in the Side Chains. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309256. [PMID: 38479377 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Polymer semiconductors hold tremendous potential for applications in flexible devices, which is however hindered by the fact that they are usually processed by halogenated solvents rather than environmentally more friendly solvents. An effective strategy to boost the solubility of high-performance polymer semiconductors in nonhalogenated solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) by appending hydroxyl groups in the side chains is herein presented. The results show that hydroxyl groups, which can be easily incorporated into the side chains, can significantly improve the solubility of typical p- and n-types as well as ambipolar polymer semiconductors in THF. Meanwhile, the thin films of these polymer semiconductors from the respective THF solutions show high charge mobilities. With THF as the processing and developing solvents these polymer semiconductors with hydroxyl groups in the side chains can be well photopatterned in the presence of the photo-crosslinker, and the charge mobilities of the patterned thin films are mostly maintained by comparing with those of the respective pristine thin films. Notably, THF is successfully utilized as the processing and developing solvent to achieve high-density photopatterning with ≈82 000 device arrays cm-2 for polymer semiconductors in which hydroxyl groups are appended in the side chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Gao
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ziling Jiang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chenchai
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junchao Liao
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Changchun Wu
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Di Jia
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Velusamy A, Chen Y, Lin M, Afraj SN, Liu J, Chen M, Liu C. Diselenophene-Dithioalkylthiophene Based Quinoidal Small Molecules for Ambipolar Organic Field Effect Transistors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305361. [PMID: 38095532 PMCID: PMC10916611 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a series of novel quinoidal organic semiconductors based on diselenophene-dithioalkylthiophene (DSpDST) conjugated cores with various side-chain lengths (-thiohexyl, -thiodecyl, and -thiotetradecyl, designated DSpDSTQ-6, DSpDSTQ-10, and DSpDSTQ-14, respectively). The purpose of this research is to develop solution-processable organic semiconductors using dicyanomethylene end-capped organic small molecules for organic field effect transistors (OFETs) application. The physical, electrochemical, and electrical properties of these new DSpDSTQs are systematically studied, along with their performance in OFETs and thin film morphologies. Additionally, the molecular structures of DSpDSTQ are determined through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The results reveal the presence of intramolecular S (alkyl)···Se (selenophene) interactions, which result in a planar SR-containing DSpDSTQ core, thereby promoting extended π-orbital interactions and efficient charge transport in the OFETs. Moreover, the influence of thioalkyl side chain length on surface morphologies and microstructures is investigated. Remarkably, the compound with the shortest thioalkyl chain, DSpDSTQ-6, demonstrates ambipolar carrier transport with the highest electron and hole mobilities of 0.334 and 0.463 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. These findings highlight the excellence of ambipolar characteristics of solution-processable OFETs based on DSpDSTQs even under ambient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arulmozhi Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Yen‐Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Meng‐Hao Lin
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Shakil N. Afraj
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Jia‐Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perinot A, Scuratti F, Scaccabarozzi AD, Tran K, Salazar-Rios JM, Loi MA, Salvatore G, Fabiano S, Caironi M. Solution-Processed Polymer Dielectric Interlayer for Low-Voltage, Unipolar n-Type Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56095-56105. [PMID: 37990398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The integration of organic electronic circuits into real-life applications compels the fulfillment of a range of requirements, among which the ideal operation at a low voltage with reduced power consumption is paramount. Moreover, these performance factors should be achieved via solution-based fabrication schemes in order to comply with the promise of cost- and energy-efficient manufacturing offered by an organic, printed electronic technology. Here, we propose a solution-based route for the fabrication of low-voltage organic transistors, encompassing ideal device operation at voltages below 5 V and exhibiting n-type unipolarization. This process is widely applicable to a variety of semiconducting and dielectric materials. We achieved this through the use of a photo-cross-linked, low-k dielectric interlayer, which is used to fabricate multilayer dielectric stacks with areal capacitances of up to 40 nF/cm2 and leakage currents below 1 nA/cm2. Because of the chosen azide-based cross-linker, the dielectric promotes n-type unipolarization of the transistors and demonstrated to be compatible with different classes of semiconductors, from conjugated polymers to carbon nanotubes and low-temperature metal oxides. Our results demonstrate a general applicability of our unipolarizing dielectric, facilitating the implementation of complementary circuitry of emerging technologies with reduced power consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perinot
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Scuratti
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto D Scaccabarozzi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Karolina Tran
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Mario Salazar-Rios
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155─Alfa Building, 30172 Mestre Venice, Italy
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60 174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee S, Jang BC, Kim M, Lim SH, Ko E, Kim HH, Yoo H. Machine Learning Attacks-Resistant Security by Mixed-Assembled Layers-Inserted Graphene Physically Unclonable Function. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302604. [PMID: 37587782 PMCID: PMC10602573 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Mixed layers of octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (FOTS) on an active layer of graphene are used to induce a disordered doping state and form a robust defense system against machine-learning attacks (ML attacks). The resulting security key is formed from a 12 × 12 array of currents produced at a low voltage of 100 mV. The uniformity and inter-Hamming distance (HD) of the security key are 50.0 ± 12.3% and 45.5 ± 16.7%, respectively, indicating higher security performance than other graphene-based security keys. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the uniqueness of the 10,000 points, with the degree of shift of the G peak distinguishing the number of carriers. The resulting defense system has a 10.33% ML attack accuracy, while a FOTS-inserted graphene device is easily predictable with a 44.81% ML attack accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subin Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering Gachon University1342 Seongnam‐daeroSeongnam13120Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jang
- School of Electronics EngineeringKyungpook National University80 Daehakro, BukguDaegu41566Republic of Korea
- School of Electronics and Electrical EngineeringKyungpook National University80 Daehakro, BukguDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering Gachon University1342 Seongnam‐daeroSeongnam13120Republic of Korea
| | - Si Heon Lim
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence & School of Materials Science and EngineeringKumoh National Institute of Technology61 DaehakroGumi‐siGumi39177Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbee Ko
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence & School of Materials Science and EngineeringKumoh National Institute of Technology61 DaehakroGumi‐siGumi39177Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence & School of Materials Science and EngineeringKumoh National Institute of Technology61 DaehakroGumi‐siGumi39177Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering Gachon University1342 Seongnam‐daeroSeongnam13120Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nakano M, Matsui H, Nakagawa S, You J, Shahiduzzaman M, Karakawa M, Taima T. Control of the resistive switching voltage and reduction of the high-resistive-state current of zinc oxide by self-assembled monolayers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5761-5764. [PMID: 37093122 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modification of ZnO on the resistive switching behaviour by fabricating electrode-sandwiched devices (ITO/ZnO-SAM/Al). The resistive switching voltages of SAM-modified ZnO films were shifted from that of bare ZnO depending on the surface dipole induced by the SAMs. In particular, methylaminopropyl-substituted SAM-modified ZnO showed lower switching voltage (1.6 V) than bare ZnO (2.9 V). Moreover, the on/off ratio was also improved by SAM modification (from 102 to 104).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nakano
- Department Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Sae Nakagawa
- Department Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Jiaxun You
- Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative (InFiniti), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Md Shahiduzzaman
- Department Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
- Nanomaterial Research Institute (NanoMaRI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Makoto Karakawa
- Department Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative (InFiniti), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Nanomaterial Research Institute (NanoMaRI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative (InFiniti), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taima
- Department Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative (InFiniti), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Nanomaterial Research Institute (NanoMaRI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative (InFiniti), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
King B, Radford CL, Vebber MC, Ronnasi B, Lessard BH. Not Just Surface Energy: The Role of Bis(pentafluorophenoxy) Silicon Phthalocyanine Axial Functionalization and Molecular Orientation on Organic Thin-Film Transistor Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36897075 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of surface chemistry on the dielectric-semiconductor interface, thin-film morphology, and molecular alignment enables the optimization of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). We explored the properties of thin films of bis(pentafluorophenoxy) silicon phthalocyanine (F10-SiPc) evaporated onto silicon dioxide (SiO2) surfaces modified by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of varying surface energies and by weak epitaxy growth (WEG). The total surface energy (γtot), dispersive component of the total surface energy (γd), and polar component of the total surface energy (γp) were calculated using the Owens-Wendt method and related to electron field-effect mobility of devices (μe), and it was determined that minimizing γp and matching γtot yielded films with the largest relative domain sizes and highest resulting μe. Subsequent analyses were completed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) to relate surface chemistry to thin-film morphology and molecular order at the surface and semiconductor-dielectric interface, respectively. Films evaporated on n-octyltrichlorosilane (OTS) yielded devices with the highest average μe of 7.2 × 10-2 cm2·V-1·s-1 that we attributed to it having both the largest domain length, which were extracted from power spectral density function (PSDF) analysis, and a subset of molecules with a pseudo edge-on orientation relative to the substrate. Films of F10-SiPc with the mean molecular orientation of the π-stacking direction being more edge-on relative to the substrate also generally resulted in OTFTs with a lower average VT. Unlike conventional MPcs, F10-SiPc films fabricated by WEG experienced no macrocycle in an edge-on configuration. These results demonstrate the critical role of the F10-SiPc axial groups on WEG, molecular orientation, and film morphology as a function of surface chemistry and the choice of SAMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin King
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Chase L Radford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Mário C Vebber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Bahar Ronnasi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Hu J, Lu J, Zhu X, Zhou X, Huang L, Chi L. Charge Transport Manipulation via Interface Doping: Achieving Ultrasensitive Organic Semiconductor Gas Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8355-8366. [PMID: 36735056 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor (OSC) gas sensors are receiving tremendous attention with the rise of wearable devices. Due to the complicated charge transport characteristics of OSCs, it is usually difficult to optimize their gas sensitivity by directly tailoring the original signals, as in many other kinds of sensors. Instead, device engineering strategies are frequently centered on enhancing the gas-film interaction. Herein, by introducing interface doping between self-assembled monolayers and triisopropylsilylethynyl-substituted pentacene films, we report a wide tuning of OSC gas sensitivity via charge transport manipulation and achieve an ultrahigh sensitivity of nearly 2000%/ppm to NO2, simultaneously resulting in a fast square-wave-like response feature. In addition, this sensor demonstrates good humidity stability and operates well in flexible devices. More importantly, we identify that charge transport manipulation tailors the gas sensibility of OSCs by means of electronic structure instead of original signal values: compared to shallow traps, the presence of proper deep traps is conducive to gaining high sensitivity and ultrafast response/recovery speeds. This approach is also effective for tuning the sensitivity to reductive gases, verifying its generality for promoting the performance of OSC gas sensors, as well as a promising strategy for other types of sensors or detectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Gusu Laboratory of Materials, 388 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215009, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee S, Kim HH, Seo J, Jang BC, Yoo H. Disordered Mixture of Self-Assembled Molecular Functional Groups on Heterointerfaces with p-Si Leads to Multiple Key Generation in Physical Unclonable Functions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:1693-1703. [PMID: 36512688 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical unclonable function (PUF) security devices based on hardware are becoming an effective strategy to overcome the dependency of the internet cloud and software-based hacking vulnerabilities. On the other hand, existing Si-based artificial security devices have several issues, including the absence of a method for multiple key generation, complex and expensive fabrication processes, and easy prediction compared to devices retaining natural randomness. Herein, to generate unique and unpredictable multiple security keys, this paper proposes novel PUF devices consisting of a disordered random mixture of two self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed onto p-type Si. The proposed PUF devices exhibited multikeys at different voltage biasing, including 0 V, through the arbitrary dipole effect. As a result, multiple unpredictable hardware security keys were generated from one device using a simple solution-coating process. The PUF security device based on the mixture of materials with different dipoles developed in this study can provide valuable insights for implementing various PUF devices in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subin Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehakro, Gumi39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyung Seo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam13120, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao C, Shi D, Li C, Yu X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang D. A Dual Functional Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymer as Single Component Semiconducting Photoresist by Appending Azide Groups in the Side Chains. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106087. [PMID: 35318828 PMCID: PMC9130897 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular systems that can function as photoresists are essential for the fabrication of flexible electronics through all-photolithographic processes. Most of the reported molecular systems for photo-patterning of polymeric semiconductors contain binary or multi-components. In comparison, single component semiconducting photoresist is advantageous since it will circumvent the optimization of phase separation and ensure the patterned semiconducting thin films to be more uniform. In this paper, a single component semiconducting photoresist (PDPP4T-N3 ) by incorporating azide groups into the branching alkyl chains of a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymer is reported. The results reveal that i) the azide groups make the side chains to be photo-cross-linkable; ii) uniform patterns with size as small as 5 µm form under mild UV irradiation (365 nm, 85 mW cm-2 ) at ambient conditions; iii) such photo-induced cross-linking does not affect the inter-chain packing; iv) benefiting from the single component feature, field-effect transistors (FETs) with the individual patterned thin films display satisfactorily uniform performances with average charge mobility of 0.61 ± 0.10 cm2 V-1 s-1 and threshold voltage of 3.49 ± 1.43 V. These results offer a simple yet effective design strategy for high-performance single component semiconducting photoresists, which hold great potentials for flexible electronics processed by all-photolithography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu C, Li C, Yu X, Chen L, Gao C, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang D. An Efficient Diazirine-Based Four-Armed Cross-linker for Photo-patterning of Polymeric Semiconductors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21521-21528. [PMID: 34346153 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A diazirine-based four-armed cross-linker (4CNN) with a tetrahedron geometry is presented for efficient patterning of polymeric semiconductors by photo-induced carbene insertion. After blending of 4CNN with no more than 3 % (w/w), photo-patterning of p-, n-, and ambipolar semiconducting polymers with side alkyl chains was achieved; regular patterns with size as small as 5 μm were prepared with appropriate photomasks after 365 nm irradiation for just 40 s. The interchain packing order and the thin film morphology were nearly unaltered after the cross-linking and the semiconducting properties of the patterned thin films were mostly retained. A complementary-like inverter with a gain value of 112 was constructed easily by two steps of photo-patterning of the p-type and n-type semiconducting polymers. The results show that 4CNN is a new generation of cross-linker for the photo-patterning of polymeric semiconductors for all-solution-processible flexible electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenying Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu C, Li C, Yu X, Chen L, Gao C, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang D. An Efficient Diazirine‐Based Four‐Armed Cross‐linker for Photo‐patterning of Polymeric Semiconductors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Organic Solids Laboratory Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Organic Solids Laboratory Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Organic Solids Laboratory Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Organic Solids Laboratory Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chenying Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Organic Solids Laboratory Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Organic Solids Laboratory Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Organic Solids Laboratory Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Organic Solids Laboratory Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Griggs S, Marks A, Bristow H, McCulloch I. n-Type organic semiconducting polymers: stability limitations, design considerations and applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2021; 9:8099-8128. [PMID: 34277009 PMCID: PMC8264852 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc02048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines the design strategies which aim to develop high performing n-type materials in the fields of organic thin film transistors (OTFT), organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) and organic thermoelectrics (OTE). Figures of merit for each application and the limitations in obtaining these are set out, and the challenges with achieving consistent and comparable measurements are addressed. We present a thorough discussion of the limitations of n-type materials, particularly their ambient operational instability, and suggest synthetic methods to overcome these. This instability originates from the oxidation of the negative polaron of the organic semiconductor (OSC) by water and oxygen, the potentials of which commonly fall within the electrochemical window of n-type OSCs, and consequently require a LUMO level deeper than ∼-4 eV for a material with ambient stability. Recent high performing n-type materials are detailed for each application and their design principles are discussed to explain how synthetic modifications can enhance performance. This can be achieved through a number of strategies, including utilising an electron deficient acceptor-acceptor backbone repeat unit motif, introducing electron-withdrawing groups or heteroatoms, rigidification and planarisation of the polymer backbone and through increasing the conjugation length. By studying the fundamental synthetic design principles which have been employed to date, this review highlights a path to the development of promising polymers for n-type OSC applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Griggs
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Adam Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Helen Bristow
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang B, Che Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Li W, Zheng H, Huang X, Samorì P, Zhang L. Wafer-Scale and Full-Coverage Two-Dimensional Molecular Monolayers Strained by Solvent Surface Tension Balance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26218-26226. [PMID: 34015927 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the outstanding properties discovered in two-dimensional materials, the bottom-up generation of molecular monolayers is becoming again extremely popular as a route to develop novel functional materials and devices with tailored characteristics and minimal materials consumption. However, achieving a full-coverage over a large-area still represents a grand challenge. Here we report a molecular self-assembly protocol at the water surface in which the monolayers are strained by a novel solvent surface tension balance (SSTB) instead of a physical film balance as in the conventional Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method. The obtained molecular monolayers can be transferred onto any arbitrary substrate including rigid inorganic oxides and metals, as well as flexible polymeric dielectrics. As a proof-of-concept, their application as ideal modification layers of a dielectric support for high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) has been demonstrated. The field-effect mobilities of both p- and n-type semiconductors displayed dramatic improvements of 1-3 orders of magnitude on SSTB-derived molecular monolayer, reaching values as high as 6.16 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 0.68 cm2 V-1 s-1 for pentacene and PTCDI-C8, respectively. This methodology for the fabrication of wafer-scale and defect-free molecular monolayers holds potential toward the emergence of a new generation of high-performance electronics based on two-dimensional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baichuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yu Che
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yingxuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Can Wang
- CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, University of Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hongxian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, University of Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yoo H, Heo K, Ansari MHR, Cho S. Recent Advances in Electrical Doping of 2D Semiconductor Materials: Methods, Analyses, and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:832. [PMID: 33805062 PMCID: PMC8064109 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have garnered interest from the perspectives of physics, materials, and applied electronics owing to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. Advances in exfoliation and synthesis technologies have enabled preparation and electrical characterization of various atomically thin films of semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Their two-dimensional structures and electromagnetic spectra coupled to bandgaps in the visible region indicate their suitability for digital electronics and optoelectronics. To further expand the potential applications of these two-dimensional semiconductor materials, technologies capable of precisely controlling the electrical properties of the material are essential. Doping has been traditionally used to effectively change the electrical and electronic properties of materials through relatively simple processes. To change the electrical properties, substances that can donate or remove electrons are added. Doping of atomically thin two-dimensional semiconductor materials is similar to that used for silicon but has a slightly different mechanism. Three main methods with different characteristics and slightly different principles are generally used. This review presents an overview of various advanced doping techniques based on the substitutional, chemical, and charge transfer molecular doping strategies of graphene and TMDs, which are the representative 2D semiconductor materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; (H.Y.); (M.H.R.A.)
- Graduate School of IT Convergence Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Keun Heo
- Department of Semiconductor Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea;
| | - Md. Hasan Raza Ansari
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; (H.Y.); (M.H.R.A.)
- Graduate School of IT Convergence Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Seongjae Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; (H.Y.); (M.H.R.A.)
- Graduate School of IT Convergence Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bashir A, Ahad S, Malik LA, Qureashi A, Manzoor T, Dar GN, Pandith AH. Revisiting the Old and Golden Inorganic Material, Zirconium Phosphate: Synthesis, Intercalation, Surface Functionalization, and Metal Ion Uptake. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arshid Bashir
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Sozia Ahad
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Lateef Ahmad Malik
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Aaliya Qureashi
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Taniya Manzoor
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Ghulam Nabi Dar
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Altaf Hussain Pandith
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Portilla L, Zhao J, Wang Y, Sun L, Li F, Robin M, Wei M, Cui Z, Occhipinti LG, Anthopoulos TD, Pecunia V. Ambipolar Deep-Subthreshold Printed-Carbon-Nanotube Transistors for Ultralow-Voltage and Ultralow-Power Electronics. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14036-14046. [PMID: 32924510 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of ultralow-power and easy-to-fabricate electronics with potential for large-scale circuit integration (i.e., complementary or complementary-like) is an outstanding challenge for emerging off-the-grid applications, e.g., remote sensing, "place-and-forget", and the Internet of Things. Herein we address this challenge through the development of ambipolar transistors relying on solution-processed polymer-sorted semiconducting carbon nanotube networks (sc-SWCNTNs) operating in the deep-subthreshold regime. Application of self-assembled monolayers at the active channel interface enables the fine-tuning of sc-SWCNTN transistors toward well-balanced ambipolar deep-subthreshold characteristics. The significance of these features is assessed by exploring the applicability of such transistors to complementary-like integrated circuits, with respect to which the impact of the subthreshold slope and flatband voltage on voltage and power requirements is studied experimentally and theoretically. As demonstrated with inverter and NAND gates, the ambipolar deep-subthreshold sc-SWCNTN approach enables digital circuits with complementary-like operation and characteristics including wide noise margins and ultralow operational voltages (≤0.5 V), while exhibiting record-low power consumption (≤1 pW/μm). Among thin-film transistor technologies with minimal material complexity, our approach achieves the lowest energy and power dissipation figures reported to date, which are compatible with and highly attractive for emerging off-the-grid applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Portilla
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jianwen Zhao
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liping Sun
- iHuman institute, ShanghaiTech University, No. 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fengzhu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Malo Robin
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Miaomiao Wei
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Luigi G Occhipinti
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincenzo Pecunia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Y, Takimiya K. Naphthodithiophenediimide-Bithiopheneimide Copolymers for High-Performance n-Type Organic Thermoelectrics: Significant Impact of Backbone Orientation on Conductivity and Thermoelectric Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002060. [PMID: 32567129 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of n-type conjugated polymers with high electrical conductivity (σ) has continued to pose a massive challenge in organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). New structural insights into the charge-carrier transport are necessitated for the realization of high-performance OTEs. In this study, three new n-type copolymers, named pNB, pNB-Tz, and pNB-TzDP, consisting of naphthodithiophenediimide (NDTI) and bithiopheneimide (BTI) units, are synthesized by direct arylation polymerization. The backbone orientation is altered by incorporating thiazole units into the backbone and tuning the branching point of the side chain. The alteration of the backbone orientation from face-on to bimodal orientation with both face-on and edge-on fractions significantly impacts the σ and the power factors (PFs) of the polymers. As a result, pNB-TzDP, with the bimodal orientation, demonstrates a high σ of up to 11.6 S cm-1 and PF of up to 53.4 µW m-1 K-2 , which are among the highest in solution-processed n-doped conjugated polymers reported so far. Further studies reveal that the bimodal orientation of pNB-TzDP introduces 3D conduction channels and leads to better accommodation of dopants, which should be the key factors for the excellent thermoelectric performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Polymeric Conformation of Organic Interlayers as a Determining Parameter for the Charge Transport of Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
19
|
Chen H, Zhang W, Li M, He G, Guo X. Interface Engineering in Organic Field-Effect Transistors: Principles, Applications, and Perspectives. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2879-2949. [PMID: 32078296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous interfaces that are ubiquitous in optoelectronic devices play a key role in the device performance and have led to the prosperity of today's microelectronics. Interface engineering provides an effective and promising approach to enhancing the device performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and even developing new functions. In fact, researchers from different disciplines have devoted considerable attention to this concept, which has started to evolve from simple improvement of the device performance to sophisticated construction of novel functionalities, indicating great potential for further applications in broad areas ranging from integrated circuits and energy conversion to catalysis and chemical/biological sensors. In this review article, we provide a timely and comprehensive overview of current efficient approaches developed for building various delicate functional interfaces in OFETs, including interfaces within the semiconductor layers, semiconductor/electrode interfaces, semiconductor/dielectric interfaces, and semiconductor/environment interfaces. We also highlight the major contributions and new concepts of integrating molecular functionalities into electrical circuits, which have been neglected in most previous reviews. This review will provide a fundamental understanding of the interplay between the molecular structure, assembly, and emergent functions at the molecular level and consequently offer novel insights into designing a new generation of multifunctional integrated circuits and sensors toward practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weining Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Gen He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kwon H, Yoo H, Nakano M, Takimiya K, Kim JJ, Kim JK. Gate-tunable gas sensing behaviors in air-stable ambipolar organic thin-film transistors. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1910-1916. [PMID: 35494617 PMCID: PMC9048268 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemiresistive gas sensors, which exploit their electrical resistance in response to changes in nearby gas environments, usually achieve selective gas detection using multi-element sensor arrays. As large numbers of sensors are required, they often suffer from complex and high-cost fabrication. Here, we demonstrate an ambipolar organic thin-film transistor as a potential multi-gas sensing device utilizing gate-tunable gas sensing behaviors. Combining behaviors of both electron and hole carriers in a single device, the proposed device showed dynamic changes depending on gate biases and properties of target gases. As a result, the gas response as a function of gate biases exhibits a unique pattern towards a specific gas as well as its concentrations, which is very different from conventional unipolar organic thin-film transistors. In addition, our device showed an excellent air-stable characteristic compared to typical ambipolar transistors, providing great potential for practical use in the future. Ambipolar organic field effect transistor shows a great potential to be used for multi-gas sensing device utilizing gate-tunable gas sensing behaviors.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunah Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Creative IT Engineering and Future IT Innovation Lab, POSTECH Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan.,Emergent Molecular Function Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan.,Emergent Molecular Function Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Jae-Joon Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering and Future IT Innovation Lab, POSTECH Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Luo H, He D, Zhang Y, Wang S, Gao H, Yan J, Cao Y, Cai Z, Tan L, Wu S, Wang L, Liu Z. Synthesis of Heterocyclic Core-Expanded Bis-Naphthalene Tetracarboxylic Diimides. Org Lett 2019; 21:9734-9737. [PMID: 31747296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly reactive bis-naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide (bis-NDI) intermediate, TBrDNDI, was designed and synthesized for core-expanded NDIs. Based on this intermediate, we achieved 9- and 11-membered core-expanded bis-NDI derivatives. Through expanding the NDI core and introducing electron-donor or electron-acceptor groups, the frontier energy orbitals, optical and electrical properties of these bis-NDIs can be finely tuned to obtain air-stable ambipolar or n-type materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Luo
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Dongdong He
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Haili Gao
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Ji Yan
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Yang Cao
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- School of Material Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Luxi Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Shide Wu
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratories for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratories of Organic Solids , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin G, Wang L, Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang D. An A-D-A'-D-A Conjugated Molecule Entailing Diazapentalene Unit for an n-Type Organic Semiconductor. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1712-1716. [PMID: 30600923 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated molecules with low lying LUMO levels are demanding for the development of air stable n-type organic semiconductors. In this paper, we report a new A-D-A'-D-A conjugated molecule (DAPDCV) entailing diazapentalene (DAP) and dicyanovinylene groups as electron accepting units. Both theoretical and electrochemical studies manifest that the incorporation of DAP unit in the conjugated molecule can effectively lower the LUMO energy level. Accordingly, thin film of DAPDCV shows n-type semiconducting behavior with electron mobility up to 0.16 cm2 ⋅V-1 ⋅s-1 after thermal annealing under N2 atmosphere. Moreover, thin film of DAPDCV also shows stable n-type transporting property in air with mobility reaching 0.078 cm2 ⋅V-1 ⋅s-1 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaobo Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Lingna Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yizhou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zessin J, Xu Z, Shin N, Hambsch M, Mannsfeld SCB. Threshold Voltage Control in Organic Field-Effect Transistors by Surface Doping with a Fluorinated Alkylsilane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2177-2188. [PMID: 30596425 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Doping is a powerful tool to control the majority charge carrier density in organic field-effect transistors and the threshold voltage of these devices. Here, a surface doping approach is shown, where the dopant is deposited on the prefabricated polycrystalline semiconducting layer. In this study, (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)trichlorosilane (FTCS), a fluorinated alkylsilane is used as a dopant, which is solution processable and much cheaper than conventional p-type dopants, such as 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ). In this work, the depositions from the gas phase and from solution are compared. Both deposition approaches led to an increased conductivity and to a shift in the threshold voltage to more positive values, both of which indicate a p-type doping effect. The magnitude of the threshold voltage shift could be controlled by the FTCS deposition time (from vapor) or FTCS concentration (from solution); for short deposition times and low concentrations, the off current stayed constant and the mobility decreased only slightly. In the low doping concentration regime, both approaches resulted in similar transistor characteristics, i.e., similar values of shift in the threshold and turn-on voltage as well as mobility, ION/ IOFF ratio and amount of introduced free charge carriers. In comparison with vapor deposition, the solution-based approach can be conducted with less material and in a shorter time, which is critical for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Zessin
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Zheng Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Nara Shin
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Mike Hambsch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Stefan C B Mannsfeld
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Leonardi F, Tamayo A, Casalini S, Mas-Torrent M. Modification of the gate electrode by self-assembled monolayers in flexible electrolyte-gated organic field effect transistors: work function vs. capacitance effects. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27509-27515. [PMID: 30713682 PMCID: PMC6333246 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05300f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physics behind the operational mechanism of Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistors (EGOFETs) is of paramount importance for the correct interpretation of the device response. Here, we report the systematic functionalization of the gate electrode of an EGOFET with self-assembled monolayers with a variety of dipolar moments showing that both the chemical nature and the monolayer density influence the electrical characteristics of the device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leonardi
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adrián Tamayo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stefano Casalini
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ford MJ, Wang M, Bustillo KC, Yuan J, Nguyen TQ, Bazan GC. Acceptor Percolation Determines How Electron-Accepting Additives Modify Transport of Ambipolar Polymer Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7134-7140. [PMID: 29851458 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) that utilize ambipolar polymer semiconductors can benefit from the ability of both electron and hole conduction, which is necessary for complementary circuits. However, simultaneous hole and electron transport in organic field-effect transistors result in poor ON/OFF ratios, limiting potential applications. Solution processing methods have been developed to control charge transport properties and transform ambipolar conduction to hole-only conduction. The electron-acceptor phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), when mixed in solution with an ambipolar semiconducting polymer, can reduce electron conduction. Unipolar p-type OFETs with high, well-defined ON/OFF ratios and without detrimental effects on hole conduction are achieved for a wide range of blend compositions, from 95:5 to 5:95 wt % semiconductor polymer:PC61BM. When introducing the alternative acceptor N, N'-bis(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4:9,10-perylenediimide (PDI), high ON/OFF ratios are achieved for 95:5 wt % semiconductor polymer:PDI; however, electron conduction increases for 50:50 and 5:95 wt % semiconductor polymer:PDI. As described within, we show that electron conduction is practically eliminated when additive domains do not percolate across the OFET channel, that is, electrons are "morphologically trapped". Morphologies were characterized by optical, electron, and atomic force microscopy as well as X-ray scattering techniques. PC61BM was substituted with an endohedral Lu3N fullerene, which enhanced contrast in electron microscopy and allowed for more detailed insight into the blend morphologies. Blends with alternative, nonfullerene acceptors further emphasize the importance of morphology and acceptor percolation, providing insights for such blends that control ambipolar transport and ON/OFF ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Y, Hasegawa T, Matsumoto H, Mori T, Michinobu T. High-Performance n-Channel Organic Transistors Using High-Molecular-Weight Electron-Deficient Copolymers and Amine-Tailed Self-Assembled Monolayers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707164. [PMID: 29430748 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While high-performance p-type semiconducting polymers are widely reported, their n-type counterparts are still rare in terms of quantity and quality. Here, an improved Stille polymerization protocol using chlorobenzene as the solvent and palladium(0)/copper(I) as the catalyst is developed to synthesize high-quality n-type polymers with number-average molecular weight up to 105 g mol-1 . Furthermore, by sp2 -nitrogen atoms (sp2 -N) substitution, three new n-type polymers, namely, pBTTz, pPPT, and pSNT, are synthesized, and the effect of different sp2 -N substitution positions on the device performances is studied for the first time. It is found that the incorporation of sp2 -N into the acceptor units rather than the donor units results in superior crystalline microstructures and higher electron mobilities. Furthermore, an amine-tailed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is smoothly formed on a Si/SiO2 substrate by a simple spin-coating technique, which can facilitate the accumulation of electrons and lead to more perfect unipolar n-type transistor performances. Therefore, a remarkably high unipolar electron mobility up to 5.35 cm2 V-1 s-1 with a low threshold voltage (≈1 V) and high on/off current ratio of ≈107 is demonstrated for the pSNT-based devices, which are among the highest values for unipolar n-type semiconducting polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Takimiya K, Nakano M. Thiophene-Fused Naphthalene Diimides: New Building Blocks for Electron Deficient π-Functional Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takimiya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shi S, Wang H, Chen P, Uddin MA, Wang Y, Tang Y, Guo H, Cheng X, Zhang S, Woo HY, Guo X. Cyano-substituted benzochalcogenadiazole-based polymer semiconductors for balanced ambipolar organic thin-film transistors. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00540k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new cyano-substituted benzochalcogenadiazoles were copolymerized with bithiophene, and the polymers show well balanced ambipolarity in transistors.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wen J, Xiao C, Lv A, Hayashi H, Zhang L. Tuning the electronic properties of thiophene-annulated NDIs: the influence of the lateral fusion position. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5542-5545. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02534g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a new asymmetric thiophene-annulated naphthalenediimide with high electron mobilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wen
- College of Energy
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- College of Energy
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Aifeng Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Nara 630-0192
- Japan
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Energy
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dhondge AP, Chen JY, Lin T, Yen FM, Li KW, Hsieh HC, Kuo MY. Di-2-(2-oxindolin-3-ylidene)malononitrile Derivatives for N-Type Air-Stable Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Org Lett 2017; 20:40-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attrimuni P. Dhondge
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Road, 54561 Puli, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Jian-You Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Road, 54561 Puli, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Ta Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Road, 54561 Puli, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ming Yen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Road, 54561 Puli, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Kan-Wei Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Road, 54561 Puli, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Road, 54561 Puli, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Kuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Road, 54561 Puli, Nantou, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Balancing Hole and Electron Conduction in Ambipolar Split-Gate Thin-Film Transistors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5015. [PMID: 28694528 PMCID: PMC5504072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary organic electronics is a key enabling technology for the development of new applications including smart ubiquitous sensors, wearable electronics, and healthcare devices. High-performance, high-functionality and reliable complementary circuits require n- and p-type thin-film transistors with balanced characteristics. Recent advancements in ambipolar organic transistors in terms of semiconductor and device engineering demonstrate the great potential of this route but, unfortunately, the actual development of ambipolar organic complementary electronics is currently hampered by the uneven electron (n-type) and hole (p-type) conduction in ambipolar organic transistors. Here we show ambipolar organic thin-film transistors with balanced n-type and p-type operation. By manipulating air exposure and vacuum annealing conditions, we show that well-balanced electron and hole transport properties can be easily obtained. The method is used to control hole and electron conductions in split-gate transistors based on a solution-processed donor-acceptor semiconducting polymer. Complementary logic inverters with balanced charging and discharging characteristics are demonstrated. These findings may open up new opportunities for the rational design of complementary electronics based on ambipolar organic transistors.
Collapse
|