1
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Jamshidi M, Gardner JM. Temperature-dependent excited states for detecting reversible phase transitions in 2D lead(II) iodide perovskites. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10544-10552. [PMID: 38842322 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01210k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Significant interest exists in water-tolerant 2D lead iodide perovskites owing to their stability and proven potential in photovoltaic and photonic applications. These materials have solid-state phase transitions that are accessible below 100 °C. Here, the study witnesses the multiple phase transitions of the last members of a series of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, [(CnH2n+1NH3)2PbI4], with even n as n = 14, 16, and 18, once again. By employing temperature-dependent steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy in the temperature range of -18 to +90 °C and at -196 °C, we explore the thermal responses of these materials. The investigation reveals reversible phase transitions occurring between room temperature (RT) and elevated temperatures, impacting the optical properties and emitting colors of the perovskite compounds. The longer the alkyl chain, the higher the phase transition temperature, attributed to increased conformational disorder and enhanced perovskite symmetry. The decay constants for all compounds are very close in value, which confirms the underlying excited-state dynamics, pointing to contributions primarily from inorganic components across different phases. We anticipate that our results on the detection of phase transitions in 2D perovskites will not only motivate the use of these techniques for detecting phase transitions but also would help to understand their excited states in more details to selectively use them for solar cell and next-generation display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Jamshidi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - James M Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Muscarella LA, Jöbsis HJ, Baumgartner B, Prins PT, Maaskant DN, Petukhov AV, Chernyshov D, McMonagle CJ, Hutter EM. Which Ion Dominates the Temperature and Pressure Response of Halide Perovskites and Elpasolites? J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9042-9051. [PMID: 37782281 PMCID: PMC10577787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites and elpasolites are key for optoelectronic applications due to their exceptional performance and adaptability. However, understanding their crucial elastic properties for synthesis and device operation remains limited. We performed temperature- and pressure-dependent synchrotron-based powder X-ray diffraction at low pressures (ambient to 0.06 GPa) to investigate their elastic properties in their ambient-pressure crystal structure. We found common trends in bulk modulus and thermal expansivity, with an increased halide ionic radius (Cl to Br to I) resulting in greater softness, higher compressibility, and thermal expansivity in both materials. The A cation has a minor effect, and mixed-halide compositions show intermediate properties. Notably, thermal phase transitions in MAPbI3 and CsPbCl3 induced lattice softening and negative expansivity for specific crystal axes, even at temperatures far from the transition point. These results emphasize the significance of considering temperature-dependent elastic properties, which can significantly impact device stability and performance during manufacturing or temperature sweeps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreta A. Muscarella
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Huygen J. Jöbsis
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bettina Baumgartner
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P. Tim Prins
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D. Nicolette Maaskant
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei V. Petukhov
- Physical
and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science,
Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Chernyshov
- Swiss−Norwegian
Beamlines, European Synchrotron Radiation
Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Charles J. McMonagle
- Swiss−Norwegian
Beamlines, European Synchrotron Radiation
Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eline M. Hutter
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Sun B, Yan Z, Cao Y, Ding S, Li R, Ma B, Li XY, Yang H, Yin W, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Shao X, Yang D, Xue D, Zhang HL. Intrinsic Ferromagnetic Semiconductors with High Saturation Magnetization from Hybrid Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303945. [PMID: 37487594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic semiconductors (FMS) enable simultaneous control of both charge and spin transport of charge carriers, and they have emerged as a class of highly desirable but rare materials for applications in spin field-effect transistors and quantum computing. Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites with high compositional adjustability and structural versatility can offer unique benefits in the design of FMS but has not been fully explored. Here, a series of molecular FMSs based on the 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite structure, namely (2ampy)CuCl4 , (3ampy)CuCl4 , and (4ampy)CuCl4 , is demonstrated, which exhibits high saturation magnetization, dramatic temperature-dependent conductivity change, and tunable ferromagnetic resonance. Magnetic measurements reveal a high saturation magnetization up to 18.56 emu g-1 for (4ampy)CuCl4 , which is one of the highest value among reported hybrid FMSs to date. Conductivity studies of the three FMSs demonstrate that the smaller adjacent octahedron distance in the 2D layer results in higher conductivity. Systematic ferromagnetic resonance investigation shows that the gyromagnetic ratio and Landau factor values are strongly dependent on the types of organic cations used. This work demonstrates that 2D hybrid perovskite materials can simultaneously possess both tunable long-range ferromagnetic ordering and semiconductivity, providing a straightforward strategy for designing and synthesizing high-performance intrinsic FMSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ze Yan
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Dezheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Desheng Xue
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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4
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Wu J, Chen J, Wang H. Phase Transition Kinetics of MAPbI 3 for Tetragonal-to-Orthorhombic Evolution. JACS AU 2023; 3:1205-1212. [PMID: 37124306 PMCID: PMC10131189 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the commonly observed phase-instability-induced photovoltaic degradation of MAPbI3, the phase transition kinetics at the atomic level remains elusive. Herein, by developing a stepwise NEB method, we clarify a nonsynergistic minimum-energy pathway for the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition. It is kinetically driven by the tilting of PbI6 4- that induces a spontaneous small rotation of adjoining MA+ and ends with stepwise ∼110° reorientations of two nonadjacent MA+ enabled by the cavity expansion. Compared to the common concerted mechanism, this process gives a low barrier of 0.08 eV/unit, demonstrating the easiness of the transition at extremely low temperatures and the importance of rotational entropies in regulating transition at elevated temperatures. With an explicit phase transition mechanism, we explore the structure-induced property response and reveal that introducing even low content of large-sized organic cations could help maintain the quasi-stable low-temperature performance of MAPbI3 solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials, Center for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute
of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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5
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Ray A, Martín-García B, Moliterni A, Casati N, Boopathi KM, Spirito D, Goldoni L, Prato M, Giacobbe C, Giannini C, Di Stasio F, Krahne R, Manna L, Abdelhady AL. Mixed Dimethylammonium/Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Crystals for Improved Structural Stability and Enhanced Photodetection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106160. [PMID: 34856033 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The solvent acidolysis crystallization technique is utilized to grow mixed dimethylammonium/methylammonium lead tribromide (DMA/MAPbBr3 ) crystals reaching the highest dimethylammonium incorporation of 44% while maintaining the 3D cubic perovskite phase. These mixed perovskite crystals show suppression of the orthorhombic phase and a lower tetragonal-to-cubic phase-transition temperature compared to MAPbBr3 . A distinct behavior is observed in the temperature-dependent photoluminescence properties of MAPbBr3 and mixed DMA/MAPbBr3 crystals due to the different organic cation dynamics governing the phase transition(s). Furthermore, lateral photodetectors based on these crystals show that, at room temperature, the mixed crystals possess higher detectivity compared to MAPbBr3 crystals caused by structural compression and reduced surface trap density. Remarkably, the mixed-crystal devices exhibit large enhancement in their detectivity below the phase-transition temperature (at 200 K), while for the MAPbBr3 devices only insignificant changes are observed. The high detectivity of the mixed crystals makes them attractive for visible-light communication and for space applications. The results highlight the importance of the synthetic technique for compositional engineering of halide perovskites that governs their structural and optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Ray
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa, 16163, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genoa, 16146, Italy
| | - Beatriz Martín-García
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa, 16163, Italy
- CIC nanoGUNE, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Anna Moliterni
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 122/O, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Nicola Casati
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation-Condensed Matter, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | | | - Davide Spirito
- IHP-Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, Frankfurt (Oder), D-15236, Germany
| | - Luca Goldoni
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giacobbe
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue Des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38040, France
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 122/O, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | | | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Ahmed L Abdelhady
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa, 16163, Italy
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network PORT-Polish Center for Technology Development, ul. Stabłowicka 147, Wrocław, 54066, Poland
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6
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Di Vito A, Pecchia A, Auf der Maur M, Campanari V, Martelli F, Di Carlo A. Role of Phase Nanosegregation in the Photoluminescence Spectra of Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11659-11665. [PMID: 34823362 PMCID: PMC8667165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of MAPbI3 phase transitions based on temperature-dependent optical spectroscopy has recently gained a huge attention. Photoluminescence (PL) investigations of the tetragonal-orthorhombic transition suggest that tetragonal nanodomains are present below the transition temperature and signatures associated with tetragonal segregations are observed. We have studied the impact of phase nanosegregation across the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition of MAPbI3 on the system's properties employing a tight binding (TB) approach. The particle swarm optimization has been used to obtain a consistent set of TB parameters, where the target properties of the system have been derived by first-principles calculations. The theoretical results have been compared with the measured PL spectra for a temperature range going from 10 to 100 K. Our model effectively captures the carriers' localization phenomenon induced by the presence of residual tetragonal nanodomains and demonstrates that the assumption of phase nanosegregation can explain the low-energy features in the PL spectra of MAPbI3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Di Vito
- University
of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pecchia
- CNR-ISMN, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00014 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Campanari
- University
of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Di Carlo
- University
of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- LASE,
Laboratory of Advanced Solar Energy, National
University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninsky prospect 4, 119049, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Liu D, Luo D, Iqbal AN, Orr KWP, Doherty TAS, Lu ZH, Stranks SD, Zhang W. Strain analysis and engineering in halide perovskite photovoltaics. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1337-1346. [PMID: 34531574 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are a compelling candidate for the next generation of clean-energy-harvesting technologies owing to their low cost, facile fabrication and outstanding semiconductor properties. However, photovoltaic device efficiencies are still below practical limits and long-term stability challenges hinder their practical application. Current evidence suggests that strain in halide perovskites is a key factor in dictating device efficiency and stability. Here we outline the fundamentals of strain within halide perovskites relevant to photovoltaic applications and rationalize approaches to characterize the phenomenon. We examine recent breakthroughs in eliminating the adverse impacts of strain, enhancing both device efficiencies and operational stabilities. Finally, we discuss further challenges and outline future research directions for placing stress and strain studies at the forefront of halide perovskite research. An extensive understanding of strain in halide perovskites is needed, which would allow effective strain management and drive further enhancements in efficiencies and stabilities of perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongtao Liu
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Deying Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Affan N Iqbal
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kieran W P Orr
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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8
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Dobrovolsky A, Merdasa A, Li J, Hirselandt K, Unger EL, Scheblykin IG. Relating Defect Luminescence and Nonradiative Charge Recombination in MAPbI 3 Perovskite Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1714-1720. [PMID: 32036661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiative losses in semiconductors are related to defects. At cryogenic temperatures, defect-related photoluminescence (PL) at energies lower than the band-edge PL is observed in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite. We applied multispectral PL imaging to samples prepared by two different procedures and exhibiting 1 order of magnitude different PL quantum yield (PLQY). The high-PLQY sample showed concentration of the emitting defect sites around 1012-1013 cm-3. No correlation between PLQY and the relative intensity of the defect emission was found when micrometer-sized local regions of the same sample were compared. However, a clear positive correlation between the lower PLQY and higher defect emission was observed when two preparation methods were contrasted. Therefore, although the emissive defects are not connected directly with the nonradiative centers and may be spatially separated at the nano scale, chemical processes during the perovskite synthesis promote/prevent formation of both types of defects at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aboma Merdasa
- Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein Strasse 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrin Hirselandt
- Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein Strasse 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva L Unger
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein Strasse 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivan G Scheblykin
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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9
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Oksenberg E, Merdasa A, Houben L, Kaplan-Ashiri I, Rothman A, Scheblykin IG, Unger EL, Joselevich E. Large lattice distortions and size-dependent bandgap modulation in epitaxial halide perovskite nanowires. Nat Commun 2020; 11:489. [PMID: 31980620 PMCID: PMC6981217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites have been shown to be remarkable and promising optoelectronic materials. However, despite ongoing research from multiple perspectives, some fundamental questions regarding their optoelectronic properties remain controversial. One reason is the high-variance of data collected from, often unstable, polycrystalline thin films. Here we use ordered arrays of stable, single-crystal cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) nanowires grown by surface-guided chemical vapor deposition to study fundamental properties of these semiconductors in a one-dimensional model system. Specifically, we uncover the origin of an unusually large size-dependent luminescence emission spectral blue-shift. Using multiple spatially resolved spectroscopy techniques, we establish that bandgap modulation causes the emission shift, and by correlation with state-of-the-art electron microscopy methods, we reveal its origin in substantial and uniform lattice rotations due to heteroepitaxial strain and lattice relaxation. Understanding strain and its effect on the optoelectronic properties of these dynamic materials, from the atomic scale up, is essential to evaluate their performance limits and fundamentals of charge carrier dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Oksenberg
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Aboma Merdasa
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling, Albert Einstein Straße 16, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Lothar Houben
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Amnon Rothman
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ivan G Scheblykin
- Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, Box 124, , Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | - Eva L Unger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling, Albert Einstein Straße 16, Berlin, 12489, Germany.,Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, Box 124, , Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | - Ernesto Joselevich
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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10
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Sun B, Liu X, Li X, Cao Y, Yan Z, Fu L, Tang N, Wang Q, Shao X, Yang D, Zhang H. Reversible Thermochromism and Strong Ferromagnetism in Two‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:203-208. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Ze Yan
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Lin Fu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Nujiang Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Dezheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Hao‐Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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11
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Sun B, Liu X, Li X, Cao Y, Yan Z, Fu L, Tang N, Wang Q, Shao X, Yang D, Zhang H. Reversible Thermochromism and Strong Ferromagnetism in Two‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Ze Yan
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Lin Fu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Nujiang Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Dezheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Hao‐Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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12
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Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Abdi-Jalebi M, Guo D, Macpherson S, Sadhanala A, Tennyson EM, Ruggeri E, Anaya M, Galkowski K, Shivanna R, Lohmann K, Frohna K, Mackowski S, Savenije TJ, Friend RH, Stranks SD. A Highly Emissive Surface Layer in Mixed-Halide Multication Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902374. [PMID: 31489713 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-halide lead perovskites have attracted significant attention in the field of photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications due to their promising bandgap tunability and device performance. Here, the changes in photoluminescence and photoconductance of solution-processed triple-cation mixed-halide (Cs0.06 MA0.15 FA0.79 )Pb(Br0.4 I0.6 )3 perovskite films (MA: methylammonium, FA: formamidinium) are studied under solar-equivalent illumination. It is found that the illumination leads to localized surface sites of iodide-rich perovskite intermixed with passivating PbI2 material. Time- and spectrally resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that photoexcited charges efficiently transfer to the passivated iodide-rich perovskite surface layer, leading to high local carrier densities on these sites. The carriers on this surface layer therefore recombine with a high radiative efficiency, with the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the film under solar excitation densities increasing from 3% to over 45%. At higher excitation densities, nonradiative Auger recombination starts to dominate due to the extremely high concentration of charges on the surface layer. This work reveals new insight into phase segregation of mixed-halide mixed-cation perovskites, as well as routes to highly luminescent films by controlling charge density and transfer in novel device structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dengyang Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | | | - Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5th Grudziądzka St., 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Kilian Lohmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sebastian Mackowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5th Grudziądzka St., 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tom J Savenije
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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13
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Caselli V, Fischer M, Meggiolaro D, Mosconi E, De Angelis F, Stranks SD, Baumann A, Dyakonov V, Hutter EM, Savenije TJ. Charge Carriers Are Not Affected by the Relatively Slow-Rotating Methylammonium Cations in Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5128-5134. [PMID: 31398042 PMCID: PMC6734799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several studies have investigated dielectric properties as a possible origin of the exceptional optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs). In this study we investigated the temperature-dependent dielectric behavior of different MHP films at different frequencies. In the gigahertz regime, dielectric losses in methylammonium-based samples are dominated by the rotational dynamics of the organic cation. Upon increasing the temperature from 160 to 300 K, the rotational relaxation time, τ, decreases from 400 (200) to 6 (1) ps for MAPb-I3 (-Br3). By contrast, we found negligible temperature-dependent variations in τ for a mixed cation/mixed halide FA0.85MA0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3. From temperature-dependent time-resolved microwave conductance measurements we conclude that the dipolar reorientation of the MA cation does not affect charge carrier mobility and lifetime in MHPs. Therefore, charge carriers do not feel the relatively slow-moving MA cations, despite their great impact on the dielectric constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina
M. Caselli
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Fischer
- Experimental
Physics 6, Julius-Maximillian University
of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics, CNR-ISTM and Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics, CNR-ISTM and Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics, CNR-ISTM and Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Baumann
- Bavarian
Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), Magdalene-Schoch-Str. 3, D97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Dyakonov
- Experimental
Physics 6, Julius-Maximillian University
of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eline M. Hutter
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Center for
Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Tom J. Savenije
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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14
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Palazon F, Pérez-Del-Rey D, Dänekamp B, Dreessen C, Sessolo M, Boix PP, Bolink HJ. Room-Temperature Cubic Phase Crystallization and High Stability of Vacuum-Deposited Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Thin Films for High-Efficiency Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902692. [PMID: 31420922 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPI) has emerged as a high-performance photovoltaic material. Common understanding is that at room temperature, it adopts a tetragonal phase and it only converts to the perfect cubic phase around 50-60 °C. Most MAPI films are prepared using a solution-based coating process, yet they can also be obtained by vapor-phase deposition methods. Vapor-phase-processed MAPI films have significantly different characteristics than their solvent-processed analogous, such as relatively small crystal-grain sizes and short excited-state lifetimes. However, solar cells based on vapor-phase-processed MAPI films exhibit high power-conversion efficiencies. Surprisingly, after detailed characterization it is found that the vapor-phase-processed MAPI films adopt a cubic crystal structure at room temperature that is stable for weeks, even in ambient atmosphere. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that by tuning the deposition rates of both precursors during codeposition it is possible to vary the perovskite phase from cubic to tetragonal at room temperature. These findings challenge the common belief that MAPI is only stable in the tetragonal phase at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Palazon
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, ICMol, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Del-Rey
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, ICMol, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Benedikt Dänekamp
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, ICMol, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Chris Dreessen
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, ICMol, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Michele Sessolo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, ICMol, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Pablo P Boix
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, ICMol, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Henk J Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, ICMol, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
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15
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Abdi-Jalebi M, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Pearson AJ, Divitini G, Cacovich S, Philippe B, Rensmo H, Ducati C, Friend RH, Stranks SD. Potassium- and Rubidium-Passivated Alloyed Perovskite Films: Optoelectronic Properties and Moisture Stability. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2018; 3:2671-2678. [PMID: 30701195 PMCID: PMC6344034 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites passivated with potassium or rubidium show superior photovoltaic device performance compared to unpassivated samples. However, it is unclear which passivation route is more effective for film stability. Here, we directly compare the optoelectronic properties and stability of thin films when passivating triple-cation perovskite films with potassium or rubidium species. The optoelectronic and chemical studies reveal that the alloyed perovskites are tolerant toward higher loadings of potassium than rubidium. Whereas potassium complexes with bromide from the perovskite precursor solution to form thin surface passivation layers, rubidium additives favor the formation of phase-segregated micron-sized rubidium halide crystals. This tolerance to higher loadings of potassium allows us to achieve superior luminescent properties with potassium passivation. We also find that exposure to a humid atmosphere drives phase segregation and grain coalescence for all compositions, with the rubidium-passivated sample showing the highest sensitivity to nonperovskite phase formation. Our work highlights the benefits but also the limitations of these passivation approaches in maximizing both optoelectronic properties and the stability of perovskite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Pearson
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Cacovich
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Bertrand Philippe
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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16
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Kong X, Shayan K, Lee S, Ribeiro C, Strauf S, Lee SS. Remarkable long-term stability of nanoconfined metal-halide perovskite crystals against degradation and polymorph transitions. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8320-8328. [PMID: 29687821 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01352g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites are promising candidates to advance optoelectronic devices but are known to suffer from rapid material degradation. Here we demonstrate that nanoconfinement is an effective strategy for the long-term stabilization of metal-halide perovskite MAPbI3 crystals against humidity-induced degradation and temperature-induced polymorph transitions. Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction patterns of MAPbI3 films reveal an unprecedented air-stability of up to 594 days in non-chemically modified, non-passivated MAPbI3 films deposited on substrates imposing complete 2D confinement on the tens of nanometers length scale. Temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction analysis and optical spectroscopy further reveal the suppression of temperature-dependent phase transitions in nanoconfined MAPbI3 crystals. Most notably, the high-temperature cubic phase of MAPbI3, typically stable at temperatures above 327 K, remains present until a temperature of 170 K when the perovskite crystals are nanoconfined within the 100 nm diameter pores of anodized aluminum oxide templates. Photoluminescence mapping confirms that nanoconfined MAPbI3 crystals exhibit spatial uniformity on the tens of microns length scale, suggesting that nanoconfinement is an effective strategy for the formation of high-quality, stable MAPbI3 crystals across large areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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17
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Shen Q, Ng A, Ren Z, Gokkaya HC, Djurišić AB, Zapien JA, Surya C. Characterization of Low-Frequency Excess Noise in CH 3NH 3PbI 3-Based Solar Cells Grown by Solution and Hybrid Chemical Vapor Deposition Techniques. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:371-380. [PMID: 29094597 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, detailed investigations of low-frequency noise (LFN) characteristics of hybrid chemical vapor deposition (HCVD)- and solution-grown CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) solar cells are reported. It has been shown that LFN is a ubiquitous phenomenon observed in all semiconductor devices. It is the smallest signal that can be measured from the device; hence, systematic characterization of the LFN properties can be utilized as a highly sensitive nondestructive tool for the characterization of material defects in the device. It has been demonstrated that the noise power spectral densities of the devices are critically dependent on the parameters of the fabrication process, including the growth ambient of the perovskite layer and the incorporation of the mesoscopic structures in the devices. Our experimental results indicated that the LFN arises from a thermally activated trapping and detrapping process, resulting in the corresponding fluctuations in the conductance of the device. The results show that the presence of oxygen in the growth ambient of the HCVD process and the inclusion of an mp-TiO2 layer in the device structure are two important factors contributing to the substantial reduction in the density of the localized states in the MAPI devices. Furthermore, the lifetimes of the MAPI perovskite-based solar cells are strongly dependent on the material defect concentration. The degradation process is substantially more rapid for the devices with higher initial defect density compared to the devices prepared under optimized conditions and structure that exhibit substantially lower initial trap density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shen
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Annie Ng
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Zhiwei Ren
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Huseyin Cem Gokkaya
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Aleksandra B Djurišić
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Juan Antonio Zapien
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Charles Surya
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University , 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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18
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Ni L, Huynh U, Cheminal A, Thomas TH, Shivanna R, Hinrichsen TF, Ahmad S, Sadhanala A, Rao A. Real-Time Observation of Exciton-Phonon Coupling Dynamics in Self-Assembled Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Wells. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10834-10843. [PMID: 29064668 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled hybrid perovskite quantum wells have attracted attention due to their tunable emission properties, ease of fabrication, and device integration. However, the dynamics of excitons in these materials, especially how they couple to phonons, remains an open question. Here, we investigate two widely used materials, namely, butylammonium lead iodide (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2PbI4 and hexylammonium lead iodide (CH3(CH2)5NH3)2PbI4, both of which exhibit broad photoluminescence tails at room temperature. We performed femtosecond vibrational spectroscopy to obtain a real-time picture of the exciton-phonon interaction and directly identified the vibrational modes that couple to excitons. We show that the choice of the organic cation controls which vibrational modes the exciton couples to. In butylammonium lead iodide, excitons dominantly couple to a 100 cm-1 phonon mode, whereas in hexylammonium lead iodide, excitons interact with phonons with frequencies of 88 and 137 cm-1. Using the determined optical phonon energies, we analyzed photoluminescence broadening mechanisms. At low temperatures (<100 K), the broadening is due to acoustic phonon scattering, whereas at high temperatures, LO phonon-exciton coupling is the dominant mechanism. Our results help explain the broad photoluminescence line shape observed in hybrid perovskite quantum wells and provide insights into the mechanism of exciton-phonon coupling in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Ni
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Uyen Huynh
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Cheminal
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Tudor H Thomas
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ture F Hinrichsen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Shahab Ahmad
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , 17 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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19
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Landi G, Neitzert HC, Barone C, Mauro C, Lang F, Albrecht S, Rech B, Pagano S. Correlation between Electronic Defect States Distribution and Device Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1700183. [PMID: 29051860 PMCID: PMC5644241 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, random current fluctuations measured at different temperatures and for different illumination levels are used to understand the charge carrier kinetics in methylammonium lead iodide CH3NH3PbI3-based perovskite solar cells. A model, combining trapping/detrapping, recombination mechanisms, and electron-phonon scattering, is formulated evidencing how the presence of shallow and deeper band tail states influences the solar cell recombination losses. At low temperatures, the observed cascade capture process indicates that the trapping of the charge carriers by shallow defects is phonon assisted directly followed by their recombination. By increasing the temperature, a phase modification of the CH3NH3PbI3 absorber layer occurs and for temperatures above the phase transition at about 160 K the capture of the charge carrier takes place in two steps. The electron is first captured by a shallow defect and then it can be either emitted or thermalize down to a deeper band tail state and recombines subsequently. This result reveals that in perovskite solar cells the recombination kinetics is strongly influenced by the electron-phonon interactions. A clear correlation between the morphological structure of the perovskite grains, the energy disorder of the defect states, and the device performance is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Landi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIn)Università di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084Fisciano (SA)Italy
| | - Heinz Christoph Neitzert
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIn)Università di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084Fisciano (SA)Italy
| | - Carlo Barone
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello” and CNR‐SPIN SalernoUniversità di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084Fisciano (SA)Italy
| | - Costantino Mauro
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello” and CNR‐SPIN SalernoUniversità di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084Fisciano (SA)Italy
| | - Felix Lang
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHInstitut für Silizium PhotovoltaikKekuléstr. 512489BerlinGermany
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHInstitut für Silizium PhotovoltaikKekuléstr. 512489BerlinGermany
| | - Bernd Rech
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHInstitut für Silizium PhotovoltaikKekuléstr. 512489BerlinGermany
| | - Sergio Pagano
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello” and CNR‐SPIN SalernoUniversità di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084Fisciano (SA)Italy
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20
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Dobrovolsky A, Merdasa A, Unger EL, Yartsev A, Scheblykin IG. Defect-induced local variation of crystal phase transition temperature in metal-halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2017; 8:34. [PMID: 28652597 PMCID: PMC5484711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution-processed organometal halide perovskites are hybrid crystalline semiconductors highly interesting for low-cost and efficient optoelectronics. Their properties are dependent on the crystal structure. Literature shows a variety of crystal phase transition temperatures and often a spread of the transition over tens of degrees Kelvin. We explain this inconsistency by demonstrating that the temperature of the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition in methylammonium lead triiodide depends on the concentration and nature of local defects. Phase transition in individual nanowires was studied by photoluminescence microspectroscopy and super-resolution imaging. We propose that upon cooling from 160 to 140 K, domains of the crystal containing fewer defects stay in the tetragonal phase longer than highly defected domains that readily transform to the high bandgap orthorhombic phase at higher temperatures. The existence of relatively pure tetragonal domains during the phase transition leads to drastic photoluminescence enhancement, which is inhomogeneously distributed across perovskite microcrystals. Understanding crystal phase transition in materials is of fundamental importance. Using luminescence spectroscopy and super-resolution imaging, Dobrovolsky et al. study the transition from the tetragonal to orthorhombic crystal phase in methylammonium lead triiodide nanowires at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aboma Merdasa
- Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, Box 124, Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | - Eva L Unger
- Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, Box 124, Lund, 22100, Sweden.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Institut fur Silizium Photovoltaik, Kekuléstrasse 5, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, Box 124, Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | - Ivan G Scheblykin
- Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, Box 124, Lund, 22100, Sweden.
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21
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Pan J, Sun AH, Han SD, Wei L, Li JH, Wang GM. Low-Dimensional Lead(II) Halides with In Situ Generated Tripyridine-Derivatives as Countercations: Synthesis, Structures and Properties. J CLUST SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-017-1251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Mosconi E, Etienne T, De Angelis F. Rashba Band Splitting in Organohalide Lead Perovskites: Bulk and Surface Effects. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2247-2252. [PMID: 28467716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A Rashba/Dresselhaus band splitting has been recently measured in organohalide perovskites and invoked in various experiments as a possible cause for the reduced electron-hole recombination rates observed in this class of materials. In this Perspective, we discuss the interplay of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom in defining such an effect in realistic methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) models. We distinguish between bulk and surface effects and find that, while a spatially local (in time and space) effect may be at work in the bulk, a "static" band-splitting effect is found at surfaces due to structural distortion. The proposed surface effect is consistent with the low surface recombination reported for MAPbI3 single crystals and might contribute to the success of organohalide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), CNR-ISTM, via Elce di Sotto, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Thibaud Etienne
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), CNR-ISTM, via Elce di Sotto, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
- Institut Charles Gerhardt - CNRS and Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), CNR-ISTM, via Elce di Sotto, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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23
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van der Stam W, Geuchies JJ, Altantzis T, van den Bos KHW, Meeldijk JD, Van Aert S, Bals S, Vanmaekelbergh D, de Mello Donega C. Highly Emissive Divalent-Ion-Doped Colloidal CsPb 1-xM xBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals through Cation Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4087-4097. [PMID: 28260380 PMCID: PMC5364419 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal CsPbX3 (X = Br, Cl, and I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as promising phosphors and solar cell materials due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties. These properties can be tailored by not only controlling the size and shape of the NCs but also postsynthetic composition tuning through topotactic anion exchange. In contrast, property control by cation exchange is still underdeveloped for colloidal CsPbX3 NCs. Here, we present a method that allows partial cation exchange in colloidal CsPbBr3 NCs, whereby Pb2+ is exchanged for several isovalent cations, resulting in doped CsPb1-xMxBr3 NCs (M= Sn2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+; 0 < x ≤ 0.1), with preservation of the original NC shape. The size of the parent NCs is also preserved in the product NCs, apart from a small (few %) contraction of the unit cells upon incorporation of the guest cations. The partial Pb2+ for M2+ exchange leads to a blue-shift of the optical spectra, while maintaining the high photoluminescence quantum yields (>50%), sharp absorption features, and narrow emission of the parent CsPbBr3 NCs. The blue-shift in the optical spectra is attributed to the lattice contraction that accompanies the Pb2+ for M2+ cation exchange and is observed to scale linearly with the lattice contraction. This work opens up new possibilities to engineer the properties of halide perovskite NCs, which to date are demonstrated to be the only known system where cation and anion exchange reactions can be sequentially combined while preserving the original NC shape, resulting in compositionally diverse perovskite NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward van der Stam
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, P.O.
Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco J. Geuchies
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, P.O.
Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Altantzis
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Johannes D. Meeldijk
- Electron
Microscopy Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Van Aert
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel Vanmaekelbergh
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, P.O.
Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, P.O.
Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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