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Li P, Xue S, Sun L, Ma X, Liu W, An L, Liu Y, Qu D, Sun Z. Formation and Fluorescent Mechanism of Multiple Color Emissive Carbon Dots from o-Phenylenediamine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310563. [PMID: 38757918 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have received considerable attention in many application areas owing to their unique optical properties and potential applications; however, the fluorescent mechanism is an obstacle to their applications. Herein, three-color emissive CDs are prepared from single o-phenylenediamine (oPD) by regulating the ratio of ethanol and dimethylformamide (DMF). Fluorescent mechanism of these CDs is proposed as molecular state fluorescence. Reaction intermediates are identified using liquid chromatrography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. 1H-Benzo[d]imidazole (BI), 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP), and 5,14-dihydroquinoxalino[2,3-b] phenazine (DHQP) are proposed to be the fluorophores of blue, green, and red emissive CDs by comparing their optical properties. As per the LC-MS and 1H-NMR analysis, DHQP with red emission tends to form from DAP and oPD in pure ethanol. By adding DMF, BI formation is enhanced and DHQP formation is suppressed. The prepared CDs exhibit green emission with DAP. When the DMF amount is >50%, BI formation is considerably promoted, resulting in DAP formation being suppressed. BI with blue emission then turns into the fluorophore of CDs. This result provides us an improved understanding of the fluorescent mechanism of oPD-based CDs, which guides us in designing the structure and optical properties of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Xue
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobao Ma
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Wenning Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Li An
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yichang Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Dan Qu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Zaicheng Sun
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
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2
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Zhou Y, Duan HL, Tan KJ, Dong L. One-step solvothermal synthesis of full-color fluorescent carbon dots for information encryption and anti-counterfeiting applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11642-11650. [PMID: 38847559 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Multicolor fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have received extensive attention due to their excellent fluorescence tunable performance. In this study, multicolor CDs with color tunable and high fluorescence quantum yields (QYs) were successfully prepared under the same conditions by a one-step solvothermal method using 2-aminoterephthalic acid (ATA) and Nile Blue A (NBA) as reaction reagents, achieving a wide color field coverage. Detailed studies on the relevant mechanisms have been carried out for blue, green and red CDs, indicating that the regulating mechanism of multicolor luminescence is determined by the size of the sp2 conjugated domains, which is due to the increase of particle size that causes an increase in the size of the sp2 conjugated domains, resulting in the narrowing of the band gap and the red-shift of the emission wavelength. It was found that the CDs have the advantages of simple preparation, high photostability and high quantum yield. They were used as fluorescent ink and mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form CD/PVA composites, which were successfully applied in the field of information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. This work provides a new strategy for the synthesis of panchromatic tunable fluorescent CDs and their application in the field of information encryption and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Lin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Ke-Jun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Dong
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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3
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Zhong Y, Wang X, Li T, Yao Q, Dong W, Lu M, Bai X, Wu Z, Xie J, Zhang Y. White-Emitting Gold Nanocluster Assembly with Dynamic Color Tuning. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6997-7003. [PMID: 38721805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We report that constructed Au nanoclusters (NCs) can afford amazing white emission synergistically dictated by the Au(0)-dominated core-state fluorescence and Au(I)-governed surface-state phosphorescence, with record-high absolute quantum yields of 42.1% and 53.6% in the aqueous solution and powder state, respectively. Moreover, the dynamic color tuning is achieved in a wide warm-to-cold white-light range (with the correlated color temperature varied from 3426 to 24 973 K) by elaborately manipulating the ratio of Au(0) to Au(I) species and thus the electron transfer rate from staple motif to metal kernel. This study not only exemplifies the successful integration of multiple luminescent centers into metal NCs to accomplish efficient white-light emission but also inspires a feasible pathway toward customizing the optical properties of metal NCs by regulating electron transfer kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weinan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhennan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Hu H, Li J, Gong X. Hour-Level Persistent Multicolor Phosphorescence Enabled by Carbon Dot-Based Nanocomposites Through a Multi-Confinement-Based Approach. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308457. [PMID: 38126697 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hour-level persistent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) phenomena based on multi-confinement carbon dots (CDs) are reported. The CDs-based system reported here (named Si-CDs@B2O3) can be efficiently synthesized by a simple pyrolysis method compared to the established persistent RTP systems. The binding modes of CDs, silica (SiO2), and boron oxide (B2O3) are deduced from a series of characterizations including XRD, FT-IR, and TEM characterization. Further studies show that the formation of covalent bonds between B2O3, SiO2, and CDs play a key role in activating the persistent RTP and preventing its quenching. This is a rare example of a persistent RTP system that exhibits hourly persistent RTP under environmental conditions. Finally, the applications of Si-CDs@B2O3 are demonstrated for anti-counterfeiting, long-duration phosphorescence imaging, and fingerprinting. This synthetic strategy is expected to provide strong technical support for the preparation of persistent RTP CDs and pave the way for the synthesis of persistent RTP CDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Li J, Zhou H, Jin S, Xu B, Teng Q, Li C, Li J, Li Q, Gao Z, Zhu C, Wang Z, Su W, Yuan F. Achieving Bright and Long-Lived Aqueous Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Carbon Nitrogen Dots Through In Situ Host-Guest Binding. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401493. [PMID: 38422537 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of bright and long-lived aqueous room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials holds paramount importance in broadening the application scope of RTP material system. However, the conventional RTP materials usually exhibit low efficiency and short lifetime in aqueous solution. Herein, an in situ host-guest strategy is proposed to achieve cyanuric acid (CA)-derived phosphorescent carbon nitrogen dots (CNDs) composite (CNDs@CA) that demonstrates a significant enhancement of both quantum yield (QY) and lifetime mediated by water. Detailed investigations reveal that the robust hydrogen bonding networks between CNDs@CA and water effectively stabilize triplet excitons and suppress nonradiative decays, as well as facilitate efficient energy transfer from CA to CNDs, thereby prolonging the lifetime and enhancing the efficiency of RTP. The phosphorescent QY and lifetime of CNDs@CA can be increased to 26.89% (3.9-fold increase) and 951.25 ms (5.5-fold increase), respectively, with the incorporation of 50 wt% water under ambient conditions. Even in fully aqueous environments (with up to 400 wt% water added), CNDs@CA exhibits persistent water-boosted RTP properties, demonstrating exceptional stability. The robust water-boosted RTP property of CNDs@CA in aqueous solutions presents significant potential for high signal-to-noise ratio afterglow bioimaging as well as advanced information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Shan Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Qian Teng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jinsui Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qijun Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zifei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Wen Su
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Shi Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yuan T, Meng T, Li Y, Li X, Yuan F, Tan Z, Fan L. Onion-like multicolor thermally activated delayed fluorescent carbon quantum dots for efficient electroluminescent light-emitting diodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3043. [PMID: 38589394 PMCID: PMC11001924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots are emerging as promising nanomaterials for next-generation displays. The elaborate structural design is crucial for achieving thermally activated delayed fluorescence, particularly for improving external quantum efficiency of electroluminescent light-emitting diodes. Here, we report the synthesis of onion-like multicolor thermally activated delayed fluorescence carbon quantum dots with quantum yields of 42.3-61.0%. Structural, spectroscopic characterization and computational studies reveal that onion-like structures assembled from monomer carbon quantum dots of different sizes account for the decreased singlet-triplet energy gap, thereby achieving efficient multicolor thermally activated delayed fluorescence. The devices exhibit maximum luminances of 3785-7550 cd m-2 and maximum external quantum efficiency of 6.0-9.9%. Importantly, owing to the weak van der Waals interactions and adequate solution processability, flexible devices with a maximum luminance of 2554 cd m-2 are realized. These findings facilitate the development of high-performance carbon quantum dots-based electroluminescent light-emitting diodes that are promising for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Zhibin Wang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Wang F, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Guo R, Xiao H, Sun X. Chiral Phosphorescent Carbonized Polymer Dots Relayed Light-Harvesting System for Color-Tunable Circularly Polarized Room Temperature Phosphorescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306969. [PMID: 37994220 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) with a circularly polarized fluorescence property have received increasing attention in recent years. However, it is still a great challenge to construct circularly polarized room-temperature phosphorescence (CPRTP) CPDs. Herein, a simple approach to the synthesis of intrinsically CPRTP CPDs for the first time by utilizing sodium alginate and l-/d-arginine as precursors under relatively mild reaction conditions is presented. Notably, the CPDs exhibit both chirality and green RTP in solid states. Furthermore, color-tunable CPRTP is successfully achieved by engineering chiral light-harvesting systems based on circularly polarized phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (C-PRET) where the CPDs with green RTP function as an initiator of chirality and light absorbance, and commercially available fluorescent dyes with different emission colors ranging from yellow to red serve as the terminal acceptors. Through one-step or sequential C-PRET, the light-harvesting systems can simultaneously furnish energy transfer and chirality transmission/amplification. Given the multicolor long afterglow, lifetime-tunable, and CPRTP properties, their potential applications in multiple information encryption are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Shengju Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Youxin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Yijie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
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Li J, Zhao X, Gong X. The Emerging Star of Carbon Luminescent Materials: Exploring the Mysteries of the Nanolight of Carbon Dots for Optoelectronic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400107. [PMID: 38461525 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a class of carbon-based nanomaterials with dimensions less than 10 nm, have attracted significant interest since their discovery. They possess numerous excellent properties, such as tunability of photoluminescence, environmental friendliness, low cost, and multifunctional applications. Recently, a large number of reviews have emerged that provide overviews of their synthesis, properties, applications, and their composite functionalization. The application of CDs in the field of optoelectronics has also seen unprecedented development due to their excellent optical properties, but reviews of them in this field are relatively rare. With the idea of deepening and broadening the understanding of the applications of CDs in the field of optoelectronics, this review for the first time provides a detailed summary of their applications in the field of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and photodetectors. In addition, the definition, categories, and synthesis methods of CDs are briefly introduced. It is hoped that this review can bring scholars more and deeper understanding in the field of optoelectronic applications of CDs to further promote the practical applications of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiujian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Zeng HH, Huang RX, Jiang MQ, Liu F, Shi WG, Chen L. Dual-mode sensing strategy based on carbon dots for sensitive and selective detection of molybdate ions. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:187. [PMID: 38453742 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Two kinds of carbon dots with the maximum fluorescence peak of 492 nm (named as G-CDs) and 607 nm (named as R-CDs) were synthesized. In the presence of MoO42- ions, the fluorescence of R-CDs at 607 nm can be quenched, which can probably be assigned to their aggregation caused by MoO42-, while that of G-CDs at 492 nm remained unchanged. For the first time, a ratiometric fluorescence probe was developed for MoO42- ions detection. In the range 0.25 ~ 100 μM, the fluorescence ratio (F492/F607) of the probe was linearly related to MoO42- concentration, and the detection limit was 61.5 nM, which fully meets the minimum detection requirements of MoO42- ions in drinking water. On the other hand, when MoO42- was introduced, a significant fading phenomenon of R-CDs can be observed with the naked eye; thereby, the colorimetric method can also be proposed. Based on above, the ratiometric fluorometric/colorimetric dual-mode sensing method was established for MoO42- anion quantification. Compared with the traditional analysis methods, the results obtained by multimodal sensing can be mutually verified, which effectively improves the accuracy and reliability. The dual-mode assay proposed in this work provides an alternative scheme to meet the need of sensing target compounds in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China.
| | - Ren-Xiu Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Jiang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
| | - Wei-Guo Shi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
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Chen M, Liu C, Sun H, Yang F, Hou D, Zheng Y, Shi R, He X, Lin X. Application of Multicolor Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Tea Polyphenols in a White Light-Emitting Diode and Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9182-9189. [PMID: 38343193 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are new carbon nanomaterials, among which those prepared from biomass are popular due to their excellent optical properties and environmental friendliness. As representative natural phenolic compounds, tea polyphenols are ideal precursors with fluorescent aromatic rings and phenolic hydroxyl structures. Usually, polyphenolic precursors can only be used to produce blue or green fluorescent CDs, and fluorescence in long wavelength domains, such as orange or red, cannot be achieved. Herein, the high reactivity of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in tea polyphenols with o-phthalaldehyde was exploited to modulate the pH during the carbonation process, which led to redshifts of the fluorescence wavelengths. Different pH values during the reaction caused the precursors to take different reaction paths and form fluorescent groups exhibiting different conjugated structures, resulting in carbon dots providing different fluorescent colors. Finally, by utilizing the in situ hydrolysis of ethyl orthosilicate, the tea polyphenol-based carbon dots were embedded into a silica matrix, inducing phosphorescence of the carbon dots. This study provides a new approach for green preparation and application of natural polyphenolic CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Chen
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hao Sun
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Defa Hou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
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11
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Xu R, Gan J, Wang J, Zhao W, Tong K, Wu Y. Photoluminescent Transparent Wood with Excellent UV-Shielding Function. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8092-8102. [PMID: 38405486 PMCID: PMC10882596 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
At present, light transmission, energy saving, environmental protection, and UV-shielding materials are very important for optimizing indoor living environment. Here, a fluorescent transparent wood (FTW) with UV-shielding function was prepared by encapsulating a carbon quantum dot and epoxy resin into a delignification wood template. FTW exhibits excellent optical transmittance (about 91%), water absorption stability (weight gain rate less than 9%), longitudinal tensile strength (139 MPa), and UV-shielding properties. Due to the photoluminescence characteristics of the carbon quantum dot and the natural cellulose skeleton of wood, FTW can show uniform luminescence under ultraviolet lamps. At the same time, it has remarkable UV-shielding performance. This kind of photoluminescent transparent wood with a UV-shielding function also has the potential to be applied to fields such as electromagnetic shielding and harmful gas detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- College
of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing
Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation
Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jian Gan
- Co-Innovation
Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiying Zhao
- College
of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing
Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation
Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ke Tong
- College
of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing
Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation
Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College
of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing
Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation
Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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12
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Yang Y, Kong L, Ding Y, Xia L, Cao S, Song P. High SERS performance of functionalized carbon dots in the detection of dye contaminants. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00066-3. [PMID: 38341031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The long-term overuse of malachite green (MG) has potential carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects. The functional nanocomposite is novel and challenging to construct and implement through surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) strategy to reveal the contributions in application. OBJECTIVES The novel Ag-CDs (carbon dots)-PBA (phenyl boric acid) nanocomposite was constructed by a facile route to detect toxic MG molecule with high SERS sensitivity and good uniformity. METHODS The enhanced substrate used for the detection of MG has been successfully constructed using PBA modulated Ag-CDs on a structured surface with rich binding sites. RESULTS The fabricated Ag-CDs-PBA substrate can be used to analyze various probe molecules exhibiting high sensitivity, good signal reproducibility, and excellent stability. The mechanism between components has been proved by calculations originating from the plasmonic Ag and active electronic transmission among the bridging CDs and PBA via the close spatial π-π effect. In addition, the accelerated separation of electron-hole pairs was triggered to further improve the SERS activity of the hybrid via a bidirectional charge transfer (CT) process. Significantly, the Ag-CDs-PBA system shows distinctive selectivity, in which PBA can hinder the interference of other species without specific hydroxyl groups. CONCLUSION Based on this deeper insight on plasmon-mediated mechanism, the SERS substrate was successfully practiced for quantitative determination in real water and fish samples. The strategy developed promises to be a new sensor technology and has great potential for environmental and food safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yang
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Lingru Kong
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
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13
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Yuan T, Song X, Shi Y, Wei S, Han Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Li X, Li Y, Shen L, Fan L. Perspectives on development of optoelectronic materials in artificial intelligence age. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301088. [PMID: 38317532 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes, have been demonstrated as one of the most demanded forthcoming display and lighting technologies because of their low cost, low power consumption, high brightness, and high contrast. The improvement of device performance relies on advances in precisely designing novelty functional materials, including light-emitting materials, hosts, hole/electron transport materials, and yet which is a time-consuming, laborious and resource-intensive task. Recently, machine learning (ML) has shown great prospects to accelerate material discovery and property enhancement. This review will summarize the workflow of ML in optoelectronic materials discovery, including data collection, feature engineering, model selection, model evaluation and model application. We highlight multiple recent applications of machine-learned potentials in various optoelectronic functional materials, ranging from semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) or perovskite QDs, organic molecules to carbon-based nanomaterials. We furthermore discuss the current challenges to fully realize the potential of ML-assisted materials design for optoelectronics applications. It is anticipated that this review will provide critical insights to inspire new exciting discoveries on ML-guided of high-performance optoelectronic devices with a combined effort from different disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xianzhi Song
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shuyan Wei
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuyi Han
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Linjuan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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14
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Gong X, Xu Q, Li J, Ma Y, Li X, Wu W, Wang H. Hydrophobic Mn-Doped Solid-State Red-Emitting Carbon Nanodots with AIE Effect and Their Hydrogel Composites for Color-Changing Anticounterfeiting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304673. [PMID: 37731094 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation-caused quenching has always limited the high concentration and solid-state applications of carbon nanodots. While the aggregation-induced emission effect, dominated by intramolecular motion, may be an effective means to solve this problem. Here, hydrophobic solid-state red-light carbon nanodots (M-CDs) with 95% yield are synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method using 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid as the carbon source and manganese acetate as the dopant source. The disulfide bond of 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid serves as the symmetry center of molecular rotation and Mn catalyzes the synthesis of M-CDs, which promotes the formation of the central graphitic carbon structure. The M-CDs/agar hydrogel composites can achieve fluorescence transition behavior because of the special fluorescence transition properties of M-CDs. When this composite hydrogel is placed in water, water molecules contact with M-CDs through the network structure of the hydrogels, making the aggregated hydrogels of M-CDs fluorescence orange-red under 365 nm excitation. While in dimethyl sulfoxide, water molecules in the hydrogels network are replaced and the M-CDs fluoresce blue when dispersed, providing a potential application in information encryption. In addition, high-performance monochromatic light-emitting diode (LED) devices are prepared by compounding M-CDs with epoxy resin and coating them on 365 nm LED chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Wanze Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, P. R. China
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15
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Emam HE. Carbon quantum dots derived from polysaccharides: Chemistry and potential applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121503. [PMID: 37985091 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of 21th century, nanoscience and nanotechnology become the most promising topics in various fields, attributing to the superior characters of nanoscaled structures. The conventional quantum dots are substituted with new family of luminescent nanostructures, owing to their interchanged optical properties, low-cost of fabrication, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, ecofriendly, hydrophilicity and superior chemical stability. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were recently investigated for their simple synthesis, bio-consonance, and different revelation applicability. Obeying the green chemistry aspects, this review demonstrates an overview about CQDs generated from polysaccharides in brief, with a background on CQDs discovery, chemical composition, green synthesis via exploitation of different polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, pectin, chitin, etc) as biocompatible/biodegradable abundant biopolymers. Additionally, applications of CQDs originated from polysaccharides in environmental purposes, textiles industry and medical activities were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam E Emam
- Department of Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, Scopus Affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
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16
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Lu Y, Yu W, Shi G, Zhang M. Room temperature cost-effective synthesis of carbon quantum dots for fluorescence pattern recognition of metal ions. Analyst 2024; 149:410-417. [PMID: 38063011 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01873c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a type of low-consuming carbon quantum dot (CD) has been synthesized at room temperature in just 45 minutes via Schiff base reaction between o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). These CDs are pH-dependent, so a novel label-free florescent sensor array can be constructed by utilizing buffers with various pH levels, which leads to distinctive fluorescence response patterns upon being challenged with metal ions for their pattern recognition. The results demonstrate that large-scale detection of metal ions can be achieved with as little as 3 types of sensors. Additionally, the sensors are able to discriminate between various metal ion concentrations and mixtures of different metal ions. The technique demonstrates potential uses in water quality monitoring by promising straightforward, quick, sensitive, and potent discrimination of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Wenbang Yu
- Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Guoyue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Yuan T, Teng Q, Li C, Li J, Su W, Song X, Shi Y, Xu H, Han Y, Wei S, Zhang Y, Li X, Li Y, Fan L, Yuan F. The emergence and prospects of carbon dots with solid-state photoluminescence for light-emitting diodes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:102-112. [PMID: 37823244 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The significant features of carbon dots (CDs), such as bright and tunable photoluminescence, high thermal stability, and low toxicity, endow them with tremendous potential for application in next generation optoelectronics. Despite great progress achieved in the design of high-performance CDs so far, the practical applications in solid-state lighting and displays have been retarded by the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect ascribed to direct π-π interactions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in solid-state CD emitters, including their synthesis, optical properties and applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Their triplet-excited-state-involved properties, as well as their recent advances in phosphor-converted LEDs and electroluminescent LEDs, are mainly reviewed here. Finally, the prospects and challenges of solid-state CD-based LEDs are discussed with an eye on future development. We hope that this review will provide critical insights to inspire new exciting discoveries on solid-state CDs from both fundamental and practical standpoints so that the realization of their potential in optoelectronic areas can be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Qian Teng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Chenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jinsui Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wen Su
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianzhi Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Huimin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Shuyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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18
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Xu B, Jia Y, Ning H, Teng Q, Li C, Fang X, Li J, Zhou H, Meng X, Gao Z, Wang X, Wang Z, Yuan F. Visible Light-Activated Ultralong-Lived Triplet Excitons of Carbon Dots for White-Light Manipulated Anti-Counterfeiting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304958. [PMID: 37649163 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has emerged as an interesting but rare phenomenon with multiple potential applications in anti-counterfeiting, optoelectronic devices, and biosensing. Nevertheless, the pursuit of ultralong lifetimes of RTP under visible light excitation presents a significant challenge. Here, new phosphorescent materials that can be excited by visible light with record-long lifetimes are demonstrated, realized through embedding nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) into a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film. The RTP lifetime of the N-CDs@PVA film is remarkably extended to 2.1 s excited by 420 nm, representing the highest recorded value for visible light-excited phosphorescent materials. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal that the robust hydrogen bonding interactions can effectively reduce the non-radiative decay rate and radiative transition rate of triplet excitons, thus dramatically prolong the phosphorescence lifetime. Notably, the RTP emission of N-CDs@PVA film can also be activated by easily accessible low-power white-light-emitting diode. More significantly, the practical applications of the N-CDs@PVA film in state-of-the-art anti-counterfeiting security and optical information storage domains are further demonstrated. This research offers exciting opportunities for utilizing visible light-activated ultralong-lived RTP systems in a wide range of promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yuehan Jia
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Huiying Ning
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Qian Teng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaoqi Fang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Xiangeng Meng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zifei Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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19
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Xu W, Han Q, Ji C, Zeng F, Zhang X, Deng J, Shi C, Peng Z. Solid-State, Hectogram-Scale Preparation of Red Carbon Dots as Phosphor for Energy-Transfer-Induced High-Quality White LEDs with CRI of 97. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304123. [PMID: 37649215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pre-crystallization-controlled, solid-state preparation of red carbon dots (C-dots) from o-phenylenediamine on a hectogram scale with a 94% yield is reported. Highly efficient red phosphor (C-dots@MCC) is obtained by dispersing the C-dots in microcrystalline cellulose, which matched extremely well with the commercial Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ (YAG) phosphor. White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) fabricated from the two phosphors emitted warm white light with a correlated color temperature of 3845 K, CIE color coordinates of (0.38, 0.37), and an extremely high color rendering index (CRI) of 95, outperforming all the reported YAG-derived WLEDs. Furthermore, the CRI value of the WLED can be further increased to 97 after fine-tuning, which is the highest CRI for WLEDs of any C-dots derived devices reported so far. The superior performance of the WLED is attributed to a delicate energy transfer between YAG and C-dots@MCC. Most importantly, the WLED maintained excellent stabilities under varied currents, working durations, moistures, and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- Electron Microscopy Center, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Qiurui Han
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Chunyu Ji
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Fanhao Zeng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xingshou Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jiwen Deng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Changsheng Shi
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Optoelectronics Device Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Zhili Peng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
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Rao L, Sun B, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Zhong G, Wen M, Zhang J, Fu T, Niu X. Precise regulation of the multicolor spectrum of carbon dots based on the bionic leaf vein ultrasonic microreactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106674. [PMID: 37924614 PMCID: PMC10656244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a fascinating new type of fluorescent carbon nanomaterial with excellent photoelectric properties. However, preparing long-wavelength and multicolor-emitting CDs has been challenging, limiting their large-scale applications. Fortunately, a new efficient method has been proposed to co-regulate CDs' multicolor spectra using an ultrasonic microreactor. Inspired by plant leaves, a bionic vein microchannel was designed with good fluidity and high energy transfer efficiency. The optimal microchannel structural parameters were determined after investigating the effects of fractal angle, depth-to-width ratio, and inlet angle on the flow uniformity of the microchannel using numerical simulations. The efficiency of ultrasonic energy transfer was improved by directly coupling the microreactor and the sandwich transducer to fabricate the ultrasonic microreactor. Simulation results showed that the ultrasonic microreactor's vibration resonated along the longitudinal direction, and the ultrasonic intensity of the microreactor was maximal and uniform. A high-efficiency and controllable ultrasonic microreactor system was built to synthesize the CDs in situ. The influence of the ultrasound field intensity on CDs' preparation in a microreactor was simultaneously investigated to verify the ultrasound enhancement, and the PLQY of the high-performance CDs was found to be 83.1%. The CDs' multicolor spectra from the blue to the red region can be precisely tuned by adjusting key reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, flow rate, and precursor concentration. This new method shows promising applications in lighting, display, and other fields, making CDs a versatile and exciting new material to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longshi Rao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Automotive Display and Touch Technologies, Shantou Ultrasonic Display Technology Co., Ltd., Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Guisheng Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Mingfu Wen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiayang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xiaodong Niu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
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Wang Y, Xu X, Yang W, Wei Y, Wang J. Encapsulation of CsPb 2Br 5 in TiO 2 Microcrystals to Enhance Environmental Stability. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2186. [PMID: 38138354 PMCID: PMC10745879 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic lead halide perovskite has emerged as an attractive semiconducting material due to its unique optoelectronic properties. However, its poor environmental stability restricts its broad application. Here, a simple method for the fabrication of CsPb2Br5/TiO2 is investigated. The introduction of p-aminobenzoic acid, which has two functional groups, is critical for the capping of amorphous TiO2 on CsPb2Br5. After calcination at 300 °C, amorphous TiO2 crystallizes into the anatase phase. The CsPb2Br5/TiO2 NCs show high long-term stability in water and enhanced stability against ultraviolet radiation and heat treatment, owing to the chemical stability of TiO2. More importantly, photo-electrochemical characterizations indicate that the formation of TiO2 shells can increase the charge separation efficiency. Hence, CsPb2Br5/TiO2 exhibits improved photoelectric activity owing to the electrical conductivity of the TiO2 in water. This study provides a new route for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices and photocatalysts based on perovskite NCs in the aqueous phase. Furthermore, the present results demonstrate that CsPb2Br5/TiO2 NCs has considerable potential to be used as a photoelectric material in optical sensing and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhu Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.W.); (J.W.)
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; (W.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; (W.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yawen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; (W.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.W.); (J.W.)
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22
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Xu L, Li S, Tu H, Zhu F, Liu H, Deng W, Hu J, Zou G, Hou H, Ji X. Molecular Engineering of Highly Fluorinated Carbon Dots: Tailoring Li + Dynamics and Interfacial Fluorination for Stable Solid Lithium Batteries. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22082-22094. [PMID: 37916798 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated carbon dots (FCDs) have garnered interest owing to their distinct physicochemical properties. Nevertheless, intricate synthesis procedures and quite low fluorine doping levels limit its development and application. Herein, we propose a facile approach based on the Claisen-Schmidt reaction to realize gram-scale synthesis of highly fluorinated carbon dots (up to 20.79 at. %) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and a comprehensive exploration of the specific reaction mechanism is conducted. Furthermore, in consideration of the high fluorine content, good dispersibility, and compatibility with polymer electrolyte, the synthesized FCDs are utilized as an additive for PEO-based solid electrolytes of a Li battery to improve its ionic conductivity, interface stability, and mechanical properties. The introduction of FCDs can not only reduce the crystallinity of PEO and enhance the interaction of polymer chains, but also facilitate the establishment of uninterrupted pathways and in situ fluorination at the interface, which is substantiated by both theoretical calculations and experimental findings. As a result, the lithium symmetrical battery can operate stably for 1000 h at a current density of 0.4 mA cm-2. Simultaneously, the LiFePO4/Li battery utilizing the composite electrolyte exhibits a capacity of 130.3 mAh g-1 over 300 cycles while maintaining a capacity retention rate of 95.10%. This study develops a strategy for synthesizing highly fluorinated carbon dots, which demonstrate a useful influence on PEO electrolytes, thus boosting the advancement of FCDs and solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiqiang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hanyu Tu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Fangjun Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huaxin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wentao Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hongshuai Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Cheng Y, Yu G. Application and Research Status of Long-Wavelength Fluorescent Carbon Dots. Molecules 2023; 28:7473. [PMID: 38005195 PMCID: PMC10673420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the application and research status of long-wavelength fluorescent carbon dots. Currently, there are two main methods for synthesising carbon dots (CDs), either from top to bottom, according to the bulk material, or from bottom to top, according to the small molecules. In previous research, mainly graphite and carbon fibres were used as raw materials with which to prepare CDs, using methods such as arc discharge, laser corrosion, and electrochemistry. These preparation methods have low quantum efficiencies and afford CDs that are limited to blue short-wavelength light emissions. With advancing research, the raw materials used for CD preparation have expanded from graphite to biomaterials, such as strawberry, lime juice, and silkworm chrysalis, and carbon-based molecules, such as citric acid, urea, and ethylenediamine (EDA). The preparation of CDs using carbon-based materials is more rapid and convenient because it involves the use of microwaves, ultrasonication, and hydrothermal techniques. Research on developing methods through which to prepare CDs has made great progress. The current research in this regard is focused on the synthesis of CDs, including long-wavelength fluorescent CDs, with a broader range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang Yu
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Institute, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528400, China;
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24
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Shi Y, Su W, Yuan F, Yuan T, Song X, Han Y, Wei S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li X, Fan L. Carbon Dots for Electroluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210699. [PMID: 36959751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as emerging carbon nanomaterials, have been regarded as promising alternatives for electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their distinct characteristics, such as low toxicity, tuneable photoluminescence, and good photostability. In the last few years, despite remarkable progress achieved in CD-based LEDs, their device performance is still inferior to that of well-developed organic, heavy-metal-based QDs, and perovskite LEDs. To better exploit LED applications and boost device performance, in this review, a comprehensive overview of currently explored CDs is presented, focusing on their key optical characteristics, which are closely related to the structural design of CDs from their carbon core to surface modifications, and to macroscopic structural engineering, including the embedding of CDs in the matrix or spatial arrangement of CDs. The design of CD-based LEDs for display and lighting applications based on the fluorescence, phosphorescence, and delayed fluorescence emission of CDs is also highlighted. Finally, it is concluded with a discussion regarding the key challenges and plausible prospects in this field. It is hoped that this review inspires more extensive research on CDs from a new perspective and promotes practical applications of CD-based LEDs in multiple directions of current and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wen Su
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xianzhi Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shuyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Gan J, Chen L, Chen Z, Zhang J, Yu W, Huang C, Wu Y, Zhang K. Lignocellulosic Biomass-Based Carbon Dots: Synthesis Processes, Properties, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304066. [PMID: 37537709 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a new type of carbon-based fluorescent nanomaterial, have attracted widespread attention because of their numerous excellent properties. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable natural resource and possesses broad potential to manufacture different composite and smart materials. Numerous studies have explored the potential of using the components (such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) in lignocellulosic biomass to produce CDs. There are few papers systemically aiming in the review of the state-of-the-art works related to lignocellulosic biomass-derived CDs. In this review, the significant advances in synthesis processes, formation mechanisms, structural characteristics, optical properties, and applications of lignocellulosic biomass-based CDs such as cellulose-based CDs, hemicellulose-based CDs and lignin-based CDs in latest research are reviewed. In addition, future research directions on the improvement of the synthesis technology of CDs using lignocellulosic biomass as raw materials to enhance the properties of CDs are proposed. This review will serve as a road map for scientists engaged in research and exploring more applications of CDs in different science fields to achieve the highest material performance goals of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gan
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials and Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Wenji Yu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Zhang F, Benli-Hoppe T, Guo W, Seidl J, Wang Y, Huang R, Wagner E. Receptor-Targeted Carbon Nanodot Delivery through Polymer Caging and Click Chemistry-Supported LRP1 Ligand Attachment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4039. [PMID: 37896282 PMCID: PMC10609667 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots present resistance to photobleaching, bright photoluminescence, and superior biocompatibility, making them highly promising for bioimaging applications. Herein, nanoprobes were caged with four-armed oligomers and subsequently modified with a novel DBCO-PEG-modified retro-enantio peptide ligand reL57, enhancing cellular uptake into U87MG glioma cells highly expressing low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). A key point in the development of the oligomers was the incorporation of ε-amino-linked lysines instead of standard α-amino-linked lysines, which considerably extended the contour length per monomer. The four-armed oligomer 1696 was identified as the best performer, spanning a contour length of ~8.42 nm for each arm, and was based on an altering motive of two cationic ε-amidated lysine tripeptides and two tyrosine tripeptides for electrostatic and aromatic stabilization of the resulting formulations, cysteines for disulfide-based caging, and N-terminal azidolysines for click-modification. This work highlights that well-designed four-armed oligomers can be used for noncovalent coating and covalent caging of nanoprobes, and click modification using a novel LRP1-directed peptide ligand facilitates delivery into receptor-expressing target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrong Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.Z.); (T.B.-H.); (J.S.)
| | - Teoman Benli-Hoppe
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.Z.); (T.B.-H.); (J.S.)
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Johanna Seidl
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.Z.); (T.B.-H.); (J.S.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Rongqin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.Z.); (T.B.-H.); (J.S.)
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27
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Reichstein J, Müssig S, Wintzheimer S, Mandel K. Communicating Supraparticles to Enable Perceptual, Information-Providing Matter. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306728. [PMID: 37786273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Materials are the fundament of the physical world, whereas information and its exchange are the centerpieces of the digital world. Their fruitful synergy offers countless opportunities for realizing desired digital transformation processes in the physical world of materials. Yet, to date, a perfect connection between these worlds is missing. From the perspective, this can be achieved by overcoming the paradigm of considering materials as passive objects and turning them into perceptual, information-providing matter. This matter is capable of communicating associated digitally stored information, for example, its origin, fate, and material type as well as its intactness on demand. Herein, the concept of realizing perceptual, information-providing matter by integrating customizable (sub-)micrometer-sized communicating supraparticles (CSPs) is presented. They are assembled from individual nanoparticulate and/or (macro)molecular building blocks with spectrally differentiable signals that are either robust or stimuli-susceptible. Their combination yields functional signal characteristics that provide an identification signature and one or multiple stimuli-recorder features. This enables CSPs to communicate associated digital information on the tagged material and its encountered stimuli histories upon signal readout anywhere across its life cycle. Ultimately, CSPs link the materials and digital worlds with numerous use cases thereof, in particular fostering the transition into an age of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Reichstein
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Müssig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Wintzheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karl Mandel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Yang Z, Xu T, Li H, She M, Chen J, Wang Z, Zhang S, Li J. Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Fluorescent Sensing and Imaging. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11047-11136. [PMID: 37677071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest and play key roles in scientific innovations in diverse fields. In particular, increased attention has been focused on carbon-based nanomaterials exhibiting diverse extended structures and unique properties. Among these materials, zero-dimensional structures, including fullerenes, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanodiamonds, and carbon dots, possess excellent bioaffinities and superior fluorescence properties that make these structures suitable for application to environmental and biological sensing, imaging, and therapeutics. This review provides a systematic overview of the classification and structural properties, design principles and preparation methods, and optical properties and sensing applications of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. Recent interesting breakthroughs in the sensitive and selective sensing and imaging of heavy metal pollutants, hazardous substances, and bioactive molecules as well as applications in information encryption, super-resolution and photoacoustic imaging, and phototherapy and nanomedicine delivery are the main focus of this review. Finally, future challenges and prospects of these materials are highlighted and envisaged. This review presents a comprehensive basis and directions for designing, developing, and applying fascinating fluorescent sensors fabricated based on zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials for specific requirements in numerous research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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Chen R, Wang Z, Pang T, Teng Q, Li C, Jiang N, Zheng S, Zhang R, Zheng Y, Chen D, Yuan F. Ultra-Narrow-Bandwidth Deep-Red Electroluminescence Based on Green Plant-Derived Carbon Dots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302275. [PMID: 37228040 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Deep-red light-emitting diodes (DR-LEDs, >660 nm) with high color-purity and narrow-bandwidth emission are promising for full-color displays and solid-state lighting applications. Currently, the DR-LEDs are mainly based on conventional emitters such as organic materials and heavy-metal based quantum dots (QDs) and perovskites. However, the organic materials always suffer from the complicated synthesis, inferior color purity with full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) more than 40 nm, and the QDs and perovskites still suffer from serious problems related to toxicity. Herein, this work reports the synthesis of efficient and high color-purity deep-red carbon dots (CDs) with a record narrow FWHM of 21 nm and a high quantum yield of more than 50% from readily available green plants. Moreover, an exciplex host is further established using a polymer and small molecular blend, which has been shown to be an efficient strategy for producing high color-purity monochrome emission from deep-red CDs via Förster energy transfer (FET). The deep-red CD-LEDs display high color-purity with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.692, 0.307). To the best of the knowledge, this is the first report of high color-purity CD-LEDs in the deep-red region, opening the door for the application of CDs in the development of high-resolution light-emitting display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjing Chen
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, College of Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Qian Teng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Naizhong Jiang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Song Zheng
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Ruidan Zhang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yuanhui Zheng
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Daqin Chen
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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30
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Wang J, Li P, Wang C, Liu N, Xing D. Molecularly or atomically precise nanostructures for bio-applications: how far have we come? MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3304-3324. [PMID: 37365977 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A huge variety of nanostructures are promising for biomedical applications, but only a few have been practically applied. Among the various reasons, the limited structural preciseness is a critical one, as it increases the difficulty in product quality control, accurate dosing, and ensuring the repeatability of material performance. Constructing nanoparticles with molecule-like preciseness is becoming a new research field. In this review, we focus on the artificial nanomaterials that can currently be molecularly or atomically precise, including DNA nanostructures, some metallic nanoclusters, dendrimer nanoparticles and carbon nanostructures, describing their syntheses, bio-applications and limitations, in view of up-to-date studies. A perspective on their potential for clinical translation is also given. This review is expected to provide a particular rationale for the future design of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ping Li
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Lin Q, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Li D, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li F, Huang W. Flexible Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Device for Emerging Multifunctional and Smart Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210385. [PMID: 36880739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), owing to their exceptional performances in device efficiency, color purity/tunability in the visible region and solution-processing ability on various substrates, become a potential candidate for flexible and ultrathin electroluminescent (EL) lighting and display. Moreover, beyond the lighting and display, flexible QLEDs are enabled with endless possibilities in the era of the internet of things and artificial intelligence by acting as input/output ports in wearable integrated systems. Challenges remain in the development of flexible QLEDs with the goals for high performance, excellent flexibility/even stretchability, and emerging applications. In this paper, the recent developments of QLEDs including quantum dot materials, working mechanism, flexible/stretchable strategies and patterning strategies, and highlight its emerging multifunctional integrations and smart applications covering wearable optical medical devices, pressure-sensing EL devices, and neural smart EL devices, are reviewed. The remaining challenges are also summarized and an outlook on the future development of flexible QLEDs made. The review is expected to offer a systematic understanding and valuable inspiration for flexible QLEDs to simultaneously satisfy optoelectronic and flexible properties for emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yangbin Zhu
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Deli Li
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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Yao F, Zhu P, Chen J, Li S, Sun B, Li Y, Zou M, Qi X, Liang P, Chen Q. Synthesis of nanoparticles via microfluidic devices and integrated applications. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:256. [PMID: 37301779 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanomaterials have attracted the research intervention of experts in the fields of catalysis, energy, biomedical testing, and biomedicine with their unrivaled optical, chemical, and biological properties. From basic metal and oxide nanoparticles to complex quantum dots and MOFs, the stable preparation of various nanomaterials has always been a struggle for researchers. Microfluidics, as a paradigm of microscale control, is a remarkable platform for online stable synthesis of nanomaterials with efficient mass and heat transfer in microreactors, flexible blending of reactants, and precise control of reaction conditions. We describe the process of microfluidic preparation of nanoparticles in the last 5 years in terms of microfluidic techniques and the methods of microfluidic manipulation of fluids. Then, the ability of microfluidics to prepare different nanomaterials, such as metals, oxides, quantum dots, and biopolymer nanoparticles, is presented. The effective synthesis of some nanomaterials with complex structures and the cases of nanomaterials prepared by microfluidics under extreme conditions (high temperature and pressure), the compatibility of microfluidics as a superior platform for the preparation of nanoparticles is demonstrated. Microfluidics has a potent integration capability to combine nanoparticle synthesis with real-time monitoring and online detection, which significantly improves the quality and production efficiency of nanoparticles, and also provides a high-quality ultra-clean platform for some bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqi Yao
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Zhu
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Chen
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyang Li
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Sun
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, 310018, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqiang Zou
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine (CAIQ), 100123, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine (CAIQ), 100123, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
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Yang L, Huang J, Tan Y, Lu W, Li Z, Pan A. All-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals applied in advanced display devices. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1969-1989. [PMID: 37039776 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced display devices are in greater demand due to their large color gamut, high color purity, ultrahigh visual resolution, and small size pixels. All-inorganic lead halide perovskite (AILHP) nanocrystals (NCs) possess inherent advantages such as narrow emission width, saturated color, and flexible integration, and have been developed as functional films, light sources, backlight components, and display panels. However, some drawbacks still restrict the practical application of advanced display devices based on AILHP NCs, including working stability, large-scale synthesis, and cost. In this review, we focus on AILHP NCs, review the recent progress in materials synthesis, stability improvement, patterning techniques, and device application. We also highlight the important role of materials systems in creating advanced display devices, followed by the challenges and opportunities in industrial processes. This review provides beneficial inspiration for the future development of AILHP NCs in colorful and white backlight, as well as high resolution full-color displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuli Yang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Yike Tan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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Zhao Z, Luo Q, Chu S, Wen Q, Yu Z, Xu J, Xu W, Yi M. Preparation and in vivo imaging of NIR-emissive carbonized polymer dots derived from biomass olive leaves with a quantum yield of 71.4. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15182-15189. [PMID: 37213343 PMCID: PMC10193381 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01378b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of biomass materials into high value-added chemicals is receiving more and more attention. Herein, biomass olive leaves are converted into carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) through a simple hydrothermal reaction. The CPDs show near infrared light emission properties, and the absolute quantum yield reaches a record breaking value of 71.4% under the excitation wavelength of 413 nm. Detailed characterization determines that CPDs only contain three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which is very different from most carbon dots which contain nitrogen atoms. Subsequently, NIR fluorescence imaging both in vitro and in vivo is performed to test their feasibility as fluorescence probes. The metabolic pathways of CPDs in the living body are inferred by studying the bio-distribution of CPDs in major organs. Their outstanding advantage is expected to further broaden the application field of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University Taizhou 318000 Zhejiang China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital) Dongguan 523018 China
| | - Shengjing Chu
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Qinghui Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital) Dongguan 523018 China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital) Dongguan 523018 China
| | - Jijun Xu
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Weibing Xu
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Muhua Yi
- Department of Pathology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital) Dongguan 523018 China
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Meng Y, Liu Y, Guo Q, Xu H, Jiao Y, Yang Z, Shuang S, Dong C. Strategy to synthesize dual-emission carbon dots and their application for pH variation and hydrogen sulfide sensing and bioimaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122483. [PMID: 36812757 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, dual emission nitrogen and sulfur co-doped fluorescent carbon dots (DE-CDs) were designed for pH variation and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensing and bioimaging through fluorescence enhancement. The DE-CDs with green-orange emission were facilely prepared by one-pot hydrothermal strategy using neutral red and sodium 1,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonate as precursors, manifesting intriguing dual-emission behavior at 502 and 562 nm. As the pH increases from 2.0 to 10.2, the fluorescence of DE-CDs gradually increases. The linear ranges are 2.0-3.0 and 5.4-9.6, respectively, which are attributed to the abundant amino groups on the surface of the DE-CDs. Meanwhile, H2S can be employed as an enhancer to increase the fluorescence of DE-CDs. The linear range is 25-500 μM, and the LOD is calculated to be 9.7 μM. Besides, the DE-CDs can be used as imaging agents for pH variation and H2S sensing in living cells and zebrafish due to their low toxicity and good biocompatibility. All of the results demonstrated that the DE-CDs can monitor pH fluctuations and H2S in aqueous and biological environments, and have promising applications in the fields of fluorescence sensing, disease detection, and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Meng
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qiaozhi Guo
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuan Jiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Selva Sharma A, Suresh Nair S, Varghese AW, Usha A, Varghese RE, Joseph R, Thekkuveettil A. Dual-Emissive Carbon Dots: Exploring Their Fluorescence Properties for Sensitive Turn-Off-On Recognition of Ferric and Pyrophosphate Ions and Its Application in Fluorometric Detection of the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5779-5792. [PMID: 37042262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, dual-emissive carbon dots (CDs) were prepared using p-phenylenediamine (pPDA) and phytic acid (PA) precursors via a one-pot-hydrothermal method. The photophysical, morphological, and structural characterization of CDs was carried out using absorption, fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis. The as-prepared CDs displayed dual-fluorescence peaks at 525 and 620 nm upon excitation at 450 nm. The CDs showed good photostability and exhibited solvent-dependent fluorescence properties. The solvatochromic behavior of CDs was utilized to detect water content in organic solvents. Furthermore, the dual-emissive property of CDs was utilized for the sequential detection of ferric (Fe3+) and pyrophosphate ions (PPi) by a fluorescence turn-off-on mechanism. The proposed assay showed appreciable fluorescence response toward Fe3+ and PPi with high selectivity and good tolerance for common interfering ions. The potential practical application of the CD probe was ascertained by carrying out the fluorometric detection of PPi to affirm the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (negative and positive clinical samples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Selva Sharma
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Swathy Suresh Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Amal Wilson Varghese
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Anjana Usha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Ria Elza Varghese
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Roy Joseph
- Division of Polymeric Medical Devices, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Anoopkumar Thekkuveettil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
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Li Y, Liu C, Sun H, Chen M, Hou D, Zheng Y, Xie H, Zhou B, Lin X. Formation and Band Gap Tuning Mechanism of Multicolor Emissive Carbon Dots from m-Hydroxybenzaldehyde. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300543. [PMID: 37085685 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reported in 2004, carbon dots (CDs) have been widely used in various fields due to their excellent optical properties. However, the mechanism of their fluorescence modulation is still a controversial issue, which also seriously affects the further development of carbon dots. In this paper, m-hydroxybenzaldehyde is used as a raw material to obtain multicolor luminescent CDs by pyrolysis under different reaction conditions, thereby revealing the forbidden band tuning and formation mechanism of CDs. Different acid-base conditions lead to different reaction paths of the precursors, forming molecular fluorophores with different conjugated structures, which aggregate to eventually form CDs and further enhance the photoluminescence of the system by inhibiting the movement of the fluorescent centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Menglin Chen
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Defa Hou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Y2, 2nd Floor, Building 2, Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No. 712 Wen'er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, P. R. China
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Meng S, Cheng D, Gu H, Li Y, Qin Y, Tan J, Li Q. Mechanical Force-Induced Color-Variable Luminescence of Carbon Dots in Boric Acid Matrix. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083388. [PMID: 37110622 PMCID: PMC10141381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechano-luminescent materials that exhibit distinct luminescence responses to force stimuli are urgently anticipated in view of application needs in the fields of sensing, anti-counterfeiting, optoelectronic devices, etc. However, most of the reported materials normally exhibit force-induced changes in luminescent intensity, whereas materials that possess force-induced color-variable luminescence remain rarely reported. Herein, for the first time, a novel mechanical force-induced color-variable luminescence material from carbon dots (CDs) in boric acid (CD@BA) is reported. At low CDs concentration, the luminescence of CD@BA exhibits a grinding-induced color variable from white to blue. This grinding-induced color variable can be switched to yellow-to-white changing by increasing the CDs concentration in BA. The grinding-induced color-variable luminescence originates from dynamic variation in emission ratio of fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence, due to the influence of oxygen and water vapor in the air. At high CDs concentration, short-wavelength fluorescence undergoes more severe reabsorption compared to room temperature phosphorescence, leading to grinding-induced color-variable switching from white-to-blue to yellow-to-white. Based on the unique properties of CD@BA powder, the applications of recognizing and visualizing fingerprints on the surfaces of various of materials are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Meng
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dengke Cheng
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hailing Gu
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qijun Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Yan Z, Chen T, Yan L, Liu X, Zheng J, Ren F, Yang Y, Liu B, Liu X, Xu B. One-Step Synthesis of White-Light-Emitting Carbon Dots for White LEDs with a High Color Rendering Index of 97. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206386. [PMID: 36815394 PMCID: PMC10131834 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
White-light-emitting carbon dots (WCDs) show innate advantages as phosphors in white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). For WLEDs, the color rendering index (CRI) is the most important metric to evaluate its performance. Herein, WCDs are prepared by a facile one-step solvothermal reaction of trimellitic acid and o-phenylenediamine. It consists of four CDs identified by column chromatography as blue, green, yellow, red, and thus white light is a superposition of these four types of light. The mixture of the four CDs undergoes Förster resonance energy transfer to induce the generation of white light. The photoluminescence of WCDs originates from the synergistic effect of carbon core and surface states. Thereinto, the carbon core states dominate in RCDs, and the increase of amide contents and degree of conjugation promote the redshift of the emission spectra, which is further confirmed by theoretical calculations. In addition, a high CRI of 97 is achieved when the WCDs are used as phosphors to fabricate WLEDs, which is almost the highest value up to now. The multicolor LEDs can also be fabricated by using the four multicolor CDs as phosphors, respectively. This work provides a novel approach to explore the rapid preparation of low-cost, high-performance WCDs and CDs-based WLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Lingpeng Yan
- Shanxi‐Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering030032TaiyuanP. R. China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Jingxia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
- Shanxi‐Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering030032TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Fu‐de Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyNorth University of China030051TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Yongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
- Shanxi‐Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering030032TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Energy and Power EngineeringNorth University of China030051TaiyuanP. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyNorth University of China030051TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology030024TaiyuanP. R. China
- Shanxi‐Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering030032TaiyuanP. R. China
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Huang X, Lin J, Liang J, Kou E, Cai W, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu Y, Li W, Lei B. Pyridinic Nitrogen Doped Carbon Dots Supply Electrons to Improve Photosynthesis and Extracellular Electron Transfer of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206222. [PMID: 36907994 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing photosynthesis is imperative for providing energy and organics for all life on the earth. Here, carbon dots doped with pyridinic nitrogen (named lev-CDs) are synthesized by the one-pot hydrothermal method, and the structure-function relationship between functional groups on lev-CDs and photosynthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) is proposed. Pyridinic nitrogen plays a key role in the positive effect on photosynthesis caused by lev-CDs. In detail, lev-CDs act as electron donors to supply photo-induced electrons to P680+ and QA+ , causing electron transfer from lev-CDs to the photosynthetic electron transport chain in the photosystems. In return, the recombination efficiency of electron-hole pairs on lev-CDs decreases. As a result, the electron transfer rate in the electron transport chain, the activity of photosystem II, and the Calvin cycle are enhanced. Moreover, the electron transfer rate between C. pyrenoidosa and external circumstances enhanced by lev-CDs is about 50%, and electrons exported from C. pyrenoidosa can be used to reduce iron(III). This study is of great significance for engineering nanomaterials to improve photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junjie Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiarong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Erfeng Kou
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenxiao Cai
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinjian Zheng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, 610218, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, 525100, China
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bingfu Lei
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, 525100, China
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41
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Khan WU, Qin L, Chen L, Khan WU, Zeb S, Khan A, Li S, Khan SU, Kamal S, Zhou P. High biocompatible nitrogen and sulfur Co-doped carbon dots for Hg(II) detection and their long-term biological stability in living cells. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1245:340847. [PMID: 36737134 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots have been highly reported nanomaterials in recent times because of their excellent physio-chemical properties and various field of applications. Herein, a one-step hydrothermal approach was used to synthesize high biocompatible nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots, and examined their chemical sensing (Hg2+) and biological imaging properties. The N,S-CDs exhibited blue light, demonstrating a high quantum yield of up to 44.5% and excitation-independent fluorescent characteristics. Cytotoxicity was observed by CCK-8 assay using T-ca cells as a target source. Cell viability was recorded over 80% even after 7 days of treatment with a concentration up to 400 μg/mL, indicating low-toxicity of N,S-CDs. Notably, the bright blue fluorescence of N,S-CDs was quenched by introducing toxic Hg2+ ions into the solution. The detection limit was calculated to be about ∼3.5 nM, which is quite impressive compared to previous reports. Because of their low-toxicity, nano-size, and environment friendly properties, N,S-CDs could be excellent fluorescent agents for bio-imaging applications. The biological stability of fluorescent N,S-CDs was tested over time, and the findings were significant even after 8 days of incubation with T-ca cells. Because of good biocompatibility and bright fluorescence, N,S-CDs were suitable for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Ullah Khan
- Institute for Advanced Study, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
| | - Liying Qin
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lixin Chen
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Wasim Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510273, PR China.
| | - Shah Zeb
- Institute for Advanced Study, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Asaf Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510273, PR China
| | - Shengzhen Li
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Salim Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Bannu, and Degree Collage Sikander Khel Bala, Bannu 28100, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Kamal
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 226237, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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42
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Meng Y, Guo Q, Xu H, Jiao Y, Liu Y, Shuang S, Dong C. Strategy to synthesize long-wavelength emission carbon dots and their multifunctional application for pH variation and arginine sensing and bioimaging. Talanta 2023; 254:124180. [PMID: 36535213 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we designed N and S co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) with long-wavelength emission and their multifunctional application in pH variation, arginine (Arg) sensing, bioimaging in living cells and zebrafish, and fluorescent materials. The N,S-CDs with excitation wavelength-dependent properties were prepared using neutral red (NR) and dl-methionine (DL-Met) as raw materials by one-pot hydrothermal strategy. The N,S-CDs exhibited a unique pH-sensitive luminescence trait within pH range of 3.2-11.0 and have great linear relationship of 4.8-8.0, which indicating their potential application as an imaging reagent in physiological environments. Arg can quench the PL of N,S-CDs due to static quenching. (SQ). The linear range is 2.5-62.5 μM and the LOD is calculated as 0.68 μM. Furthermore, the as-proposed N,S-CDs can be applied as imaging reagents for monitoring of pH and Arg in vivo and vitro owing to outstanding biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the N,S-CDs were also used in fluorescent composite films and phosphors owing to exceptional optical properties. All these results indicate that the N,S-CDs have huge potentiality in the areas of fluorescence sensing, bioimaging and fluorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Meng
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Qiaozhi Guo
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yuan Jiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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43
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Zheng M, Jia H, Zhao B, Zhang C, Dang Q, Ma H, Xu K, Tan Z. Gram-Scale Room-Temperature Synthesis of Solid-State Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots for Bright Electroluminescent Light Emitting Diodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206715. [PMID: 36755182 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The reaction conditions of high temperature and high pressure will introduce structural defects, high energy consumption, and security risks, severely hindering the industrial application of organic carbon nanodots (CDs). Moreover, the aggregation caused quenching effect also fundamentally limits the CDs based electroluminescent light emitting diodes (LEDs). Herein, for the first time, a rapid one-step room temperature synthetic strategy is introduced to prepare highly emissive solid-state-fluorescent CDs (RT-CDs). A strong oxidizing agent, potassium periodate (KIO4 ), is adopted as a catalyst to facilitate the cyclization of o-phenylenediamine and 4-dimethylamino phenol in aqueous solution at room temperature for only 5 min. The resultant organic molecule, 2-(dimethylamino) phenazine, will self-assemble kinetically to generate supramolecular-structure CDs during crystallization. The elaborately arranged supramolecular structure (J aggregates) endows CDs with intense solid-state-fluorescence. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows that the excited state of RT-CDs exhibits charge transfer characteristic owing to the unique donor-Π-acceptor structure. A high-performance monochrome RT-CDs based electroluminescent LEDs (2967 cd m-2 and 1.38 cd A-1 ) were fabricated via systematic optimizations of device engineering. This work provides a concrete and feasible avenue for the rapid and massive preparation of CDs, advancing the commercialization of CDs based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Biao Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chengyang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qi Dang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Huanyu Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kunxiang Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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44
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Zhang HH, Wu CD. Creation and stabilization of carbon dots in silica-confined compartments with high thermal stability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1665-1668. [PMID: 36689204 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the formation procedures and high stability of ambers, we report herein a facile approach for the in situ creation and stabilization of carbon dots (CDs) in confined silica compartments by a solvothermal reaction and subsequent thermal treatment, and the endowed CDs exhibit the initial photoluminescence (PL) properties at 400 °C, which could be used to fabricate highly thermal-stable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that work well at a current of 600 mA and temperature of 205 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Material of Zhejiang Province and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Chuan-De Wu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Material of Zhejiang Province and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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45
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Chen M, Wang J, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Chen Z, Sun R. Reversible detection of Hg(II) in pure water based on thymine modified nitrogen, sulfur co-doped carbon dots combined with antidote. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:121998. [PMID: 36279800 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional Hg2+ visual sensors are unsustainable, hindering their practical application for improved water quality and health. In order to address this challenge, herein, N, S co-doped carbon nanodots (NS-CDs) were prepared and well characterized, presented the fluorescent monitoring for Hg2+ over other metal ions with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.47 µM. Next, the CDs were successfully modified by thymine without any fluorescence labelling (referred to as T-NS-CDs). The sensitivity to Hg2+ cloud be noticeable enhanced due to the formation of T-Hg2+-T specific base pairs. Accordingly, the LOD was calculated with values as low as 1.56 nM. Furthermore, Hg2+ could be released and complexed with antidote (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) (DMSA-Hg2+), being the responsible for the reversible interconversion between T-Hg2+-T and DMSA-Hg2+. Interestingly, the proposed sensing system also applies to the fluorescent sensing for Hg2+ in tap water with satisfactory recoveries (96.97 %-101.38 %, RSD < 2 %). Thus, by simply combination of elemental doping and surface functionalization, the surface state and functionalities of CDs could be tailorable, endowing the fluorometric sensing towards Hg2+ in environmental system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Qianbo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rongguo Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
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46
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Song Z, Shang Y, Lou Q, Zhu J, Hu J, Xu W, Li C, Chen X, Liu K, Shan CX, Bai X. A Molecular Engineering Strategy for Achieving Blue Phosphorescent Carbon Dots with Outstanding Efficiency above 50. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207970. [PMID: 36413559 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient emission has been a long-lasting pursuit for carbon dots (CDs) owing to their enormous potential in optoelectronic applications. Nevertheless, their room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) performance still largely lags behind their outstanding fluorescence emission, especially in the blue spectral region. Herein, high-efficiency blue RTP CDs have been designed and constructed via a simple molecular engineering strategy, enabling CDs with an unprecedented phosphorescence quantum efficiency of to 50.17% and a long lifetime of 2.03 s. This treating route facilitates the formation of high-density (n, π*) configurations in the CD π-π conjugate system through the introduction of abundant functional groups, which can evoke a strong spin-orbit coupling and further promote the intersystem crossing from singlet to triplet excited states and radiative recombination from triplet excited states to ground state. With blue phosphorescent CDs as triplet donors, green, red, and white afterglow composites are successfully fabricated via effective phosphorescence Förster resonance energy transfer. Importantly, the color temperature of the white afterglow emission can be widely and facilely tuned from cool white to pure white and warm white. Moreover, advanced information encryption, light illumination, and afterglow/dynamic visual display have been demonstrated when using these multicolor-emitting CD-based afterglow systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiang Song
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Shang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Qing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Jinyang Zhu
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Hu
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- Longzihu New Energy Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Photosensitive Materials and Devices of Liaoning Province, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, 116600, P. R. China
| | - Changchang Li
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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47
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Xu B, Li J, Zhang J, Ning H, Fang X, Shen J, Zhou H, Jiang T, Gao Z, Meng X, Wang Z. Solid-State Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Unprecedented Efficiency from Visible to Near-Infrared Region. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205788. [PMID: 36461754 PMCID: PMC9896040 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing solid-state luminescent materials with bright long-wavelength emissions is of considerable practical importance in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) but remains a formidable challenge. Here, a novel structure engineering strategy is reported to realize solid-state fluorescence (FL)-emitted carbon dots (CDs) from visible to near-infrared region. This is the first report of such an extended wavelength emission of self-quenching-resistant solid-state CDs. Notably, the quantum yields of these CDs are remarkably improved up to 67.7%, which is the highest value for solid-state CDs. The surface polymer chains of CDs can efficiently suppress the conjugated sp2 carbon cores from π-π stacking inducing aggregation caused FL quenching, and the redshift of FL emissions is attributed to narrowing bandgap caused by an enlarged sp2 carbon core. Using these CDs as conversion phosphors, the fabrication of white LEDs with adjustable correlated color temperatures of 1882-5019 K is achieved. Moreover, a plant growth LED device is assembled with a blue-LED chip and deep-red/near-infrared-emitted CDs. Compared with sunlight and white LEDs, the peanuts irradiated by plant growth LED lamp show higher growth efficiency in terms of branches and leaves. This work provides high-quality solid-state CD-based phosphors for LED lighting sources that are required for diverse optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Huiying Ning
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Xiaoqi Fang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Heng Zhou
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Tianlong Jiang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Xiangeng Meng
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Zifei Wang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
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48
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Boukhvalov DW, Osipov VY, Hogan BT, Baldycheva A. A comprehensive model of nitrogen-free ordered carbon quantum dots. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:1. [PMID: 36719545 PMCID: PMC9889594 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a novel range of models to accurately determine the optical properties of nitrogen-free carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with ordered graphene layered structures. We confirm the results of our models against the full range of experimental results for CQDs available from an extensive review of the literature. The models can be equally applied to CQDs with varied sizes and with different oxygen contents in the basal planes of the constituent graphenic sheets. We demonstrate that the experimentally observed blue fluorescent emission of nitrogen-free CQDs can be associated with either small oxidised areas on the periphery of the graphenic sheets, or with sub-nanometre non-functionalised islands of sp2-hybridised carbon with high symmetry confined in the centres of oxidised graphene sheets. Larger and/or less symmetric non-functionalised regions in the centre of functionalised graphene sheet are found to be sources of green and even red fluorescent emission from nitrogen-free CQDs. We also demonstrate an approach to simplify the modelling of the discussed sp2-islands by substitution with equivalent strained polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, we show that the bandgaps (and photoluminescence) of CQDs are not dependent on either out-of-plane corrugation of the graphene sheet or the spacing between sp2-islands. Advantageously, our proposed models show that there is no need to involve light-emitting polycyclic aromatic molecules (nanographenes) with arbitrary structures grafted to the particle periphery to explain the plethora of optical phenomena observed for CQDs across the full range of experimental works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil W. Boukhvalov
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19 Str., Yekaterinburg, Russia 620002
| | | | - Benjamin Thomas Hogan
- STEMM Laboratory, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QF UK
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, 45 Union St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Anna Baldycheva
- STEMM Laboratory, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QF UK
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49
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Xue S, Li P, Sun L, An L, Qu D, Wang X, Sun Z. The Formation Process and Mechanism of Carbon Dots Prepared from Aromatic Compounds as Precursors: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206180. [PMID: 36650992 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots are a novel type of nanomaterial. Due to their excellent optical properties, they have extensive application prospects in many fields. Studying the formation process and fluorescence mechanism of CDs will assist scientists in understanding the synthesis of CDs and guide more profound applications. Due to their conjugated structures, aromatic compounds have been continuously used to synthesize CDs, with emissions ranging from blue to NIR. There is a lack of a systematic summary of the formation process and fluorescence mechanism of aromatic precursors to form CDs. In this review, the formation process of CDs is first categorized into three main classes according to the precursor types of aromatic compounds: amines, phenols, and polycyclics. And then, the fluorescence mechanism of CDs synthesized from aromatic compounds is summarized. The challenges and prospects are proposed in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xue
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Li An
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Dan Qu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Xiayan Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Zaicheng Sun
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
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Minervini G, Madonia A, Panniello A, Fanizza E, Curri ML, Striccoli M. One-Pot Synthesis of Dual Color-Emitting CDs: Numerical and Experimental Optimization towards White LEDs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:374. [PMID: 36770335 PMCID: PMC9920914 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon Dots (CDs) are fluorescent carbon-based nanoparticles that have attracted increasing attention in recent years as environment-friendly and cost-effective fluorophores. An application that can benefit from CDs in a relatively short-term perspective is the fabrication of color-converting materials in phosphor-converted white LEDs (WLEDs). In this work we present a one-pot solvothermal synthesis of polymer-passivated CDs that show a dual emission band (in the green and in the red regions) upon blue light excitation. A purposely designed numerical approach enables evaluating how the spectroscopic properties of such CDs can be profitable for application in WLEDs emulating daylight characteristics. Subsequently, we fabricate nanocomposite coatings based on the dual color-emitting CDs via solution-based strategies, and we compare their color-converting properties with those of the simulated ones to finally accomplish white light emission. The combined numerical and experimental approach can find a general use to reduce the number of experimental trial-and-error steps required for optimization of CD optical properties for lighting application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Minervini
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- CNR-IPCF Bari Division, c/o Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Madonia
- CNR-IPCF Bari Division, c/o Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Panniello
- CNR-IPCF Bari Division, c/o Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- CNR-IPCF Bari Division, c/o Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- CNR-IPCF Bari Division, c/o Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Marinella Striccoli
- CNR-IPCF Bari Division, c/o Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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