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Geuchies JJ, Klarbring J, Virgilio LD, Fu S, Qu S, Liu G, Wang H, Frost JM, Walsh A, Bonn M, Kim H. Anisotropic Electron-Phonon Interactions in 2D Lead-Halide Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8642-8649. [PMID: 38976834 PMCID: PMC11261630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites offer enhanced stability for perovskite-based applications. Their crystal structure's soft and ionic nature gives rise to strong interaction between charge carriers and ionic rearrangements. Here, we investigate the interaction of photogenerated electrons and ionic polarizations in single-crystal 2D perovskite butylammonium lead iodide (BAPI), varying the inorganic lamellae thickness in the 2D single crystals. We determine the directionality of the transition dipole moments (TDMs) of the relevant phonon modes (in the 0.3-3 THz range) by the angle- and polarization-dependent THz transmission measurements. We find a clear anisotropy of the in-plane photoconductivity, with a ∼10% reduction along the axis parallel with the transition dipole moment of the most strongly coupled phonon. Detailed calculations, based on Feynman polaron theory, indicate that the anisotropy originates from directional electron-phonon interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Klarbring
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Shuai Fu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sheng Qu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Guangyu Liu
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hai Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heejae Kim
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Pohang University of Science
and Technology, 37673 Pohang, Korea
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2
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Duan J, Li J, Divitini G, Cortecchia D, Yuan F, You J, Liu SF, Petrozza A, Wu Z, Xi J. 2D Hybrid Perovskites: From Static and Dynamic Structures to Potential Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403455. [PMID: 38723249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
2D perovskites have received great attention recently due to their structural tunability and environmental stability, making them highly promising candidates for various applications by breaking property bottlenecks that affect established materials. However, in 2D perovskites, the complicated interplay between organic spacers and inorganic slabs makes structural analysis challenging to interpret. A deeper understanding of the structure-property relationship in these systems is urgently needed to enable high-performance tunable optoelectronic devices. Herein, this study examines how structural changes, from constant lattice distortion and variable structural evolution, modeled with both static and dynamic structural descriptors, affect macroscopic properties and ultimately device performance. The effect of chemical composition, crystallographic inhomogeneity, and mechanical-stress-induced static structural changes and corresponding electronic band variations is reported. In addition, the structure dynamics are described from the viewpoint of anharmonic vibrations, which impact electron-phonon coupling and the carriers' dynamic processes. Correlated carrier-matter interactions, known as polarons and acting on fine electronic structures, are then discussed. Finally, reliable guidelines to facilitate design to exploit structural features and rationally achieve breakthroughs in 2D perovskite applications are proposed. This review provides a global structural landscape of 2D perovskites, expected to promote the prosperity of these materials in emerging device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Duan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering & International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Daniele Cortecchia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, Bologna, 40129, Italy
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiaxue You
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Annamaria Petrozza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jun Xi
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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3
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Luo F, Lim D, Seok HJ, Kim HK. Solvent-free preparation and thermocompression self-assembly: an exploration of performance improvement strategies for perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17261-17294. [PMID: 38808244 PMCID: PMC11132079 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit sufficient technological efficiency and economic competitiveness. However, their poor stability and scalability are crucial factors limiting their rapid development. Therefore, achieving both high efficiency and good stability is an urgent challenge. In addition, the preparation methods for PSCs are currently limited to laboratory-scale methods, so their commercialization requires further research. Effective packaging technology is essential to protect the PSCs from degradation by external environmental factors and ensure their long-term stability. The industrialization of PSCs is also inseparable from the preparation technology of perovskite thin films. This review discusses the solvent-free preparation of PSCs, shedding light on the factors that affect PSC performance and strategies for performance enhancement. Furthermore, this review analyzes the existing simulation techniques that have contributed to a better understanding of the interfacial evolution of PSCs during the packaging process. Finally, the current challenges and possible solutions are highlighted, providing insights to facilitate the development of highly efficient and stable PSC modules to promote their widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 the Republic of Korea
| | - Doha Lim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 the Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 the Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 the Republic of Korea
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4
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Strandell DP, Zenatti D, Nagpal P, Ghosh A, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV, Kambhampati P. Hot Excitons Cool in Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals as Fast as CdSe Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1054-1062. [PMID: 38109401 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The idea of phonon bottlenecks has long been pursued in nanoscale materials for their application in hot exciton devices, such as photovoltaics. Decades ago, it was shown that there is no quantum phonon bottleneck in strongly confined quantum dots due to their physics of quantum confinement. More recently, it was proposed that there are hot phonon bottlenecks in metal halide perovskites due to their physics. Recent work has called into question these bottlenecks in metal halide perovskites. Here, we compare hot exciton cooling in a range of sizes of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals from weakly to strongly confined. These results are compared to strongly confined CdSe quantum dots of two sizes and degrees of quantum confinement. CdSe is a model system as a ruler for measuring hot exciton cooling being fast, by virtue of its efficient Auger-assisted processes. By virtue of 3 ps time resolution, the hot exciton photoluminescence can now be directly observed, which is the most direct measure of the presence of hot excitons and their lifetimes. The hot exciton photoluminescence decays on nearly the same 2 ps time scale on both the weakly confined perovskite and the larger CdSe quantum dots, much faster than the 10 ps cooling predicted by transient absorption experiments. The smaller CdSe quantum dot has still faster cooling, as expected from quantum size effects. The quantum dots of perovskites show extremely fast hot exciton cooling, decaying faster than detection limits of <1 ps, even faster than the CdSe system, suggesting the efficiency of Auger processes in these metal halide perovskite nanocrystals and especially in their quantum dot form. These results across a range of sizes of nanocrystals reveal extremely fast hot exciton cooling at high exciton density, independent of composition, but dependent upon size. Hence these metal halide perovskite nanocrystals seem to cool heavily following quantum dot physics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Zenatti
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Priya Nagpal
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
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5
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Jiang F, Wu Z, Lu M, Gao Y, Li X, Bai X, Ji Y, Zhang Y. Broadband Emission Origin in Metal Halide Perovskites: Are Self-Trapped Excitons or Ions? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211088. [PMID: 36988940 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
It has always been a goal to realize high efficiency and broadband emission in single-component materials. The appearance of metal halide perovskites makes it possible. Their soft lattice characteristics and significant electron-phonon coupling synergistically generate self-trapped excitons (STEs), contributing to a broadband emission with a large Stokes shift. Meanwhile, their structural/compositional diversity provides suitable active sites and coordination environments for doping of ns2 ions, allowing 3 Pn ( n =0,1,2) →1 S0 transitions toward broadband emission. The ns2 ions emission is phenomenologically similar to that of STE emission, hindering in-depth understanding of their emission origin, and leading to failure to meet the design requirements for practical applications. In this scenario, herein, the fundamentals and development of such two emission mechanisms are summarized to establish a clear and comprehensive understanding of the broadband emission phenomenon, which may pave the way to an ideal customization of broadband-emission metal halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhennan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ji
- College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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6
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Subagyo R, Maulida PYD, Kowal D, Hartati S, Muslimawati RM, Zetra Y, Diguna LJ, Akhlus S, Mahyuddin MH, Zhang L, Tang CS, Diao C, Wee ATS, Birowosuto MD, Arramel, Rusydi A, Kusumawati Y. Spectroscopic Evidence of Localized Small Polarons in Low-Dimensional Ionic Liquid Lead-Free Hybrid Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54677-54691. [PMID: 37966967 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Rational design is an important approach to consider in the development of low-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs). In this study, 1-butyl-1-methyl pyrrolidinium (BMP), 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole (API), and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium (BMI) serve as prototypical ionic liquid components in bismuth-based HOIPs. Element-sensitive X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements of BMPBiBr4 and APIBiBr5 reveal distinct resonant excitation profiles across the N K-edges, where contrasting peak shifts are observed. These 1D-HOIPs exhibit a large Stokes shift due to the small polaron contribution, as probed by photoluminescence spectroscopy at room temperature. Interestingly, the incorporation of a small fraction of tin (Sn) into the APIBiBr5 (Sn/Bi mole ratio of 1:3) structure demonstrates a strong spectral weight transfer accompanied by a fast decay lifetime (2.6 ns). These phenomena are the direct result of Sn-substitution in APIBiBr5, decreasing the small polaron effect. By changing the active ionic liquid, the electronic interactions and optical responses can be moderately tuned by alteration of their intermolecular interaction between the semiconducting inorganic layers and organic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Subagyo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | | | - Dominik Kowal
- Łukasiewicz Research Network─PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, Wrocław 54-066, Poland
| | - Sri Hartati
- Nano Center Indonesia, Jl PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Rossyaila M Muslimawati
- Doctoral Program of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Quantum and Nano Technology Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Yulfi Zetra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Lina J Diguna
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama, BSD City, Tangerang 15339, Indonesia
| | - Syafsir Akhlus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad H Mahyuddin
- Quantum and Nano Technology Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Chi S Tang
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - Caozheng Diao
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Muhammad D Birowosuto
- Łukasiewicz Research Network─PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, Wrocław 54-066, Poland
| | - Arramel
- Nano Center Indonesia, Jl PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Andrivo Rusydi
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Yuly Kusumawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
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7
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Kim J, Xu Y, Bain D, Li M, Cotlet M, Yu Q, Musser AJ. Small to Large Polaron Behavior Induced by Controlled Interactions in Perovskite Quantum Dot Solids. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23079-23093. [PMID: 37934023 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The polaron is an essential photoexcitation that governs the unique optoelectronic properties of organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites, and it has been subject to extensive spectroscopic and theoretical investigation over the past decade. A crucial but underexplored question is how the nature of the photogenerated polarons is impacted by the microscopic perovskite structure and what functional properties this affects. To tackle this question, we chemically tuned the interactions between perovskite quantum dots (QDs) to rationally manipulate the polaron properties. Through a suite of time-resolved spectroscopies, we find that inter-QD interactions open an excited-state channel to form large polaron species, which exhibit enhanced spatial diffusion, slower hot polaron cooling, and a longer intrinsic lifetime. At the same time, polaronic excitons are formed in competition via localized band-edge states, exhibiting strong photoluminescence but are limited by shorter intrinsic lifetimes. This control of polaron type and function through tunable inter-QD interactions not only provides design principles for QD-based materials but also experimentally disentangles polaronic species in hybrid perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yuanze Xu
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David Bain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mingxing Li
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Mircea Cotlet
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Qiuming Yu
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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8
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Brosseau P, Ghosh A, Seiler H, Strandell D, Kambhampati P. Exciton-polaron interactions in metal halide perovskite nanocrystals revealed via two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:184711. [PMID: 37962451 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals have been under intense investigation for their promise in optoelectronic devices due to their remarkable physics, such as liquid/solid duality. This liquid/solid duality may give rise to their defect tolerance and other such useful properties. This duality means that the electronic states are fluctuating in time, on a distribution of timescales from femtoseconds to picoseconds. Hence, these lattice induced energy fluctuations that are connected to polaron formation are also connected to exciton formation and dynamics. We observe these correlations and dynamics in metal halide perovskite nanocrystals of CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 using two-dimensional electronic (2DE) spectroscopy, with its unique ability to resolve dynamics in heterogeneously broadened systems. The 2DE spectra immediately reveal a previously unobserved excitonic splitting in these 15 nm NCs that may have a coarse excitonic structure. 2D lineshape dynamics reveal a glassy response on the 300 fs timescale due to polaron formation. The lighter Br system shows larger amplitude and faster timescale fluctuations that give rise to dynamic line broadening. The 2DE signals enable 1D transient absorption analysis of exciton cooling dynamics. Exciton cooling within this doublet is shown to take place on a slower timescale than within the excitonic continuum. The energy dissipation rates are the same for the I and Br systems for incoherent exciton cooling but are very different for the coherent dynamics that give rise to line broadening. Exciton cooling is shown to take place on the same timescale as polaron formation, revealing both as coupled many-body excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Brosseau
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Helene Seiler
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dallas Strandell
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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9
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Lai J, Zhu R, Tan J, Yang Z, Ye S. Stacking Arrangement and Orientation of Aromatic Cations Tune Bandgap and Charge Transport of 2D Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303449. [PMID: 37495901 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modifications on aromatic spacers of 2D perovskites have been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to simultaneously improve optoelectronic properties and stability. However, its underlying mechanism is poorly understood. By using 2D phenyl-based perovskites ([C6 H5 (CH2 )m NH3 ]2 PbI4 ) as models, the authors have revealed how the chemical nature of aromatic cations tunes the bandgap and charge transport of 2D perovskites by utilizing sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy to determine the stacking arrangement and orientation of aromatic cations. It is found that the antiparallel slip-stack arrangement of phenyl rings between adjacent layers induces an indirect band gap, resulting in anomalous carrier dynamics. Incorporation of the CH2 moiety causes stacking rearrangement of the phenyl ring and thus promotes an indirect to direct bandgap transition. In direct-bandgap perovskites, higher carrier mobility correlates with a larger orientation angle of the phenyl ring. Further optimizing the orientation angle by introducing a para-substituted element in a phenyl ring, higher carrier mobility is obtained. This work highlights the importance of leveraging stacking arrangement and orientation of the aromatic cations to tune the photophysical properties, which opens up an avenue for advancing high-performance 2D perovskites optoelectronics via molecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Renlong Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Junjun Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shuji Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China
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10
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Song M, Wang H, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Liu T, Wang H. The Role of Polaronic States on the Spin Dynamics in Solution-Processed Two-Dimensional Layered Perovskite with Different Layer Thickness. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302554. [PMID: 37395386 PMCID: PMC10502664 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
2D lead halide perovskites (LHPs) show strong excitonic and spin-orbit coupling effects, generating a facile spin injection. Besides, they possess a polaron character due to the soft crystal lattice, which can prolong the spin lifetime, making them favorable materials for spintronic applications. Here, the spin dynamics of 2D PEA2 PbI4 (MAPbI3 )n -l thin films with different layers by temperature- and pump fluence-dependent circularly polarization-resolved transient absorption (TA) measurements is studied. These results indicate that the spin depolarization mechanism is gradually converted from the Maialle-Silva-Sham (MSS) mechanism to the polaronic states protection mechanism with the layer number increasing from = 1 to 3, which is determined by the interplay between the strength of Coulomb exchange interaction and the strength of polaronic effect. While for ≥ 4, the Elliot-Yafet (EY) impurities mechanism is proposed, in which the formed polaronic states with free charge carriers no longer play the protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu‐Sen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Zi‐Fan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Yu‐Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Tian‐Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Hai‐Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
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11
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Liu H, Wang A, Zhang P, Ma C, Chen C, Liu Z, Zhang YQ, Feng B, Cheng P, Zhao J, Chen L, Wu K. Atomic-scale manipulation of single-polaron in a two-dimensional semiconductor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3690. [PMID: 37344475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polaron is a composite quasiparticle derived from an excess carrier trapped by local lattice distortion, and it has been studied extensively for decades both theoretically and experimentally. However, atomic-scale creation and manipulation of single-polarons in real space have still not been achieved so far, which precludes the atomistic understanding of the properties of polarons as well as their applications. Herein, using scanning tunneling microscopy, we succeeded to create single polarons in a monolayer two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, CoCl2. Combined with first-principles calculations, two stable polaron configurations, centered at atop and hollow sites, respectively, have been revealed. Remarkably, a series of manipulation progresses - from creation, erasure, to transition - can be accurately implemented on individual polarons. Our results pave the way to understand the physics of polaron at atomic level, and the easy control of single polarons in 2D semiconductor may open the door to 2D polaronics including the data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Aolei Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyun Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Zijia Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Baojie Feng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- ICQD/Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 230088, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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12
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Fu J, Ramesh S, Melvin Lim JW, Sum TC. Carriers, Quasi-particles, and Collective Excitations in Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37276018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites (HPs) are potential game-changing materials for a broad spectrum of optoelectronic applications ranging from photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, lasers to radiation detectors, ferroelectrics, thermoelectrics, etc. Underpinning this spectacular expansion is their fascinating photophysics involving a complex interplay of carrier, lattice, and quasi-particle interactions spanning several temporal orders that give rise to their remarkable optical and electronic properties. Herein, we critically examine and distill their dynamical behavior, collective interactions, and underlying mechanisms in conjunction with the experimental approaches. This review aims to provide a unified photophysical picture fundamental to understanding the outstanding light-harvesting and light-emitting properties of HPs. The hotbed of carrier and quasi-particle interactions uncovered in HPs underscores the critical role of ultrafast spectroscopy and fundamental photophysics studies in advancing perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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13
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Frenzel M, Cherasse M, Urban JM, Wang F, Xiang B, Nest L, Huber L, Perfetti L, Wolf M, Kampfrath T, Zhu XY, Maehrlein SF. Nonlinear terahertz control of the lead halide perovskite lattice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3856. [PMID: 37224256 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have emerged as an excellent class of semiconductors for next-generation solar cells and optoelectronic devices. Tailoring physical properties by fine-tuning the lattice structures has been explored in these materials by chemical composition or morphology. Nevertheless, its dynamic counterpart, phonon-driven ultrafast material control, as contemporarily harnessed for oxide perovskites, has not yet been established. Here, we use intense THz electric fields to obtain direct lattice control via nonlinear excitation of coherent octahedral twist modes in hybrid CH3NH3PbBr3 and all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskites. These Raman-active phonons at 0.9 to 1.3 THz are found to govern the ultrafast THz-induced Kerr effect in the low-temperature orthorhombic phase and thus dominate the phonon-modulated polarizability with potential implications for dynamic charge carrier screening beyond the Fröhlich polaron. Our work opens the door to selective control of LHP's vibrational degrees of freedom governing phase transitions and dynamic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Frenzel
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Cherasse
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
- LSI, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Joanna M Urban
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Feifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Leona Nest
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas Huber
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Luca Perfetti
- LSI, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Kampfrath
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian F Maehrlein
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Physical Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Zhang H, Zhang T, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Chen J. Lattice disorder influences the photocarrier dynamics in lead halide perovskites. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:875-880. [PMID: 36651318 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the structural impact of lead halide perovskites on photocarrier dynamics is essential for the associated solar cells but deficient in experimental visualization. In this study, with femtosecond spectroscopy, we for the first time explored the contribution of the disorder of the distorted PbX6 octahedrons and A-site cations on the carrier behaviours. It was found that photoinduced carriers recombine almost twice slower and diffuse 20% faster in the disordered, β-phased samples than in the ordered, γ-phased ones. Yet within the same phase, with a similar PbX6 orientation but various A-site mobility, the carrier diffusion and recombination have no apparent difference. Thus we firmly conclude that lattice disorder effectively influences the carrier dynamics and therein the Pb-X sublattice is worth more than A-site cations, which should inspire future lead halide perovskite design and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Zhang
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Taiyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Yuetian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
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15
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Phonon-driven intra-exciton Rabi oscillations in CsPbBr 3 halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1047. [PMID: 36828818 PMCID: PMC9958027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coupling electromagnetic radiation with matter, e.g., by resonant light fields in external optical cavities, is highly promising for tailoring the optoelectronic properties of functional materials on the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate that even internal fields induced by coherent lattice motions can be used to control the transient excitonic optical response in CsPbBr3 halide perovskite crystals. Upon resonant photoexcitation, two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy reveals an excitonic peak structure oscillating persistently with a 100-fs period for up to ~2 ps which does not match the frequency of any phonon modes of the crystals. Only at later times, beyond 2 ps, two low-frequency phonons of the lead-bromide lattice dominate the dynamics. We rationalize these findings by an unusual exciton-phonon coupling inducing off-resonant 100-fs Rabi oscillations between 1s and 2p excitons driven by the low-frequency phonons. As such, prevailing models for the electron-phonon coupling in halide perovskites are insufficient to explain these results. We propose the coupling of characteristic low-frequency phonon fields to intra-excitonic transitions in halide perovskites as the key to control the anharmonic response of these materials in order to establish new routes for enhancing their optoelectronic properties.
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16
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Real-time observation of the buildup of polaron in α-FAPbI 3. Nat Commun 2023; 14:917. [PMID: 36801865 PMCID: PMC9938110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36652-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of polaron, i.e., the strong coupling process between the carrier and lattice, is considered to play a crucial role in benefiting the photoelectric performance of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites. However, direct observation of the dynamical formation of polarons occurring at time scales within hundreds of femtoseconds remains a technical challenge. Here, by terahertz emission spectroscopy, we demonstrate the real-time observation of polaron formation process in FAPbI3 films. Two different polaron resonances interpreted with the anharmonic coupling emission model have been studied: P1 at ~1 THz relates to the inorganic sublattice vibration mode and the P2 at ~0.4 THz peak relates to the FA+ cation rotation mode. Moreover, P2 could be further strengthened than P1 by pumping the hot carriers to the higher sub-conduction band. Our observations could open a door for THz emission spectroscopy to be a powerful tool in studying polaron formation dynamics in perovskites.
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17
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Seiler H, Zahn D, Taylor VCA, Bodnarchuk MI, Windsor YW, Kovalenko MV, Ernstorfer R. Direct Observation of Ultrafast Lattice Distortions during Exciton-Polaron Formation in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1979-1988. [PMID: 36651873 PMCID: PMC9933605 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic origin of slow hot-carrier cooling in lead halide perovskites remains debated and has direct implications for applications. Slow hot-carrier cooling of several picoseconds has been attributed to either polaron formation or a hot-phonon bottleneck effect at high excited carrier densities (>1018 cm-3). These effects cannot be unambiguously disentangled with optical experiments alone. However, they can be distinguished by direct observations of ultrafast lattice dynamics, as these effects are expected to create qualitatively distinct fingerprints. To this end, we employ femtosecond electron diffraction and directly measure the sub-picosecond lattice dynamics of weakly confined CsPbBr3 nanocrystals following above-gap photoexcitation. While we do not observe signatures of a hot-phonon bottleneck lasting several picoseconds, the data reveal a light-induced structural distortion appearing on a time scale varying between 380 and 1200 fs depending on the excitation fluence. We attribute these dynamics to the effect of exciton-polarons on the lattice and the slower dynamics at high fluences to slower sub-picosecond hot-carrier cooling, which slows down the establishment of the exciton-polaron population. Further analysis and simulations show that the distortion is consistent with motions of the [PbBr3]- octahedral ionic cage, and closest agreement with the data is obtained for Pb-Br bond lengthening. Our work demonstrates how direct studies of lattice dynamics on the sub-picosecond time scale can discriminate between competing scenarios proposed in the literature to explain the origin of slow hot-carrier cooling in lead halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Seiler
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Physics
Department, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Zahn
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria C. A. Taylor
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yoav William Windsor
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Ghosh A, Strandell DP, Kambhampati P. A spectroscopic overview of the differences between the absorbing states and the emitting states in semiconductor perovskite nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2470-2487. [PMID: 36691921 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05698d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor perovskites have been under intense investigation for their promise in optoelectronic applications and their novel and unique physical properties. There have been a variety of material implementations of perovskites from thin films to single crystals to nanocrystals. The nanocrystal form, in particular, is attractive as it enables solution processing and also spectroscopically probes both absorptive and emissive transitions. Broadly, the literature is comprised of experiments of either form, but the experiments are rarely performed in concert and are not discussed in a unified picture. For example, absorptive experiments are typically transient absorption measurements, which aim to measure carrier kinetics and dynamics. In contrast, the emissive experiments largely focus on excitonic fine structures and coupling to phonons. The time resolved emission experiments report on excited state lifetimes and their dependence on temperature. There are broad differences in the spectroscopy techniques and the questions asked in both classes of experiments. Yet there is one measure in common that suggests there are mysteries in our understanding of how the absorbing and emitting states are connected. The linewidth of emission spectra is always larger than the linewidth of absorption spectra. The question of the physics underlying linewidths is complex and is one of the central issues in perovskite nanocrystals. So why are the absorptive and emissive linewidths different? At present even this simple question has no clear answer. The more complex questions of the structure and dynamics of absorptive and emissive states are even more ambiguous. Hence there is a need to connect these experiments and the relevant states. Here, we provide an overview of the salient absorptive and emissive spectroscopy techniques in an effort to begin connecting these two disparate areas of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Dallas P Strandell
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.
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19
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Zhang H, Debroye E, Vina-Bausa B, Valli D, Fu S, Zheng W, Di Virgilio L, Gao L, Frost JM, Walsh A, Hofkens J, Wang HI, Bonn M. Stable Mott Polaron State Limits the Charge Density in Lead Halide Perovskites. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:420-428. [PMID: 36660369 PMCID: PMC9841606 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Large polarons are known to form in lead halide perovskites (LHPs). Photoinduced isolated polarons at low densities have been well-researched, but many-body interactions at elevated polaron densities, exceeding the Mott criterion (i.e., Mott polaron density), have remained elusive. Here, employing ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy, we identify a stable Mott polaron state in LHPs at which the polaron wavefunctions start to overlap. The Mott polaron density is determined to be ∼1018 cm-3, in good agreement with theoretical calculations based on the Feynman polaron model. The electronic phase transition across the Mott density is found to be universal in LHPs and independent of the constituent ions. Exceeding the Mott polaron density, excess photoinjected charge carriers annihilate quickly within tens to hundreds of picoseconds, before reaching the stable and long-lived Mott state. These results have considerable implications for LHP-based devices and for understanding exotic phenomena reported in LHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Vina-Bausa
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Donato Valli
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucia Di Virgilio
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Lei Gao
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
- School
of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
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20
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Hurtado Parra S, Straus DB, Fichera BT, Iotov N, Kagan CR, Kikkawa JM. Large Exciton Polaron Formation in 2D Hybrid Perovskites via Time-Resolved Photoluminescence. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21259-21265. [PMID: 36520667 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We find evidence for the formation and relaxation of large exciton polarons in 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. Using ps-scale time-resolved photoluminescence within the phenethylammonium lead iodide family of compounds, we identify a red shifting of emission that we associate with exciton polaron formation time scales of 3-10 ps. Atomic substitutions of the phenethylammonium cation allow local control over the structure of the inorganic lattice, and we show that the structural differences among materials strongly influence the exciton polaron relaxation process, revealing a polaron binding energy that grows larger (up to 15 meV) in more strongly distorted compounds.
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21
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Alkhalifah G, Marshall AD, Rudayni F, Wanigasekara S, Wu JZ, Chan WL. Defect-Polaron and Enormous Light-Induced Fermi-Level Shift at Halide Perovskite Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6711-6720. [PMID: 35849072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites intrinsically contain a large amount of point defects. The interaction of these defects with photocarriers, photons, and lattice distortion remains a complex and unresolved issue. We found that for halide perovskite films with excess halide vacancies, the Fermi level can be shifted by as much as 0.7 eV upon light illumination. These defects can trap photocarriers for hours after the light illumination is turned off. The enormous light-induced Fermi level shift and the prolonged electron trapping are explained by the capturing of photocarriers by halide vacancies at the surface of the perovskite film. The formation of this defect-photocarrier complex can result in lattice deformation and an energy shift in the defect state. The whole process is akin to polaron formation at a defect site. Our data also suggest that these trapped carriers increase the electrical polarizability of the lattice, presumably by enhancing the defect migration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah Alkhalifah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University (KFU), Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angelo D Marshall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Fatimah Rudayni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Physics, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanika Wanigasekara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Judy Z Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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22
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Kaur G, Shukla A, Babu KJ, Ghosh HN. Chemically Engineered Avenues: Opportunities for Attaining Desired Carrier Cooling in Perovskites. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200106. [PMID: 35882519 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hot carrier extraction-based devices are presently being persuaded as the most revolutionary means of surpassing the theoretical thermodynamic conversion efficiency limit (∼67 % for a model hot carrier solar cell). However, for practical realisation, there stand various hurdles that need to be surmounted, a major among all being the rapid hot carrier cooling rate. Though, the perovskite family has already demonstrated itself to exhibit slower cooling in contrast to the prototypical semiconductors. Decelerating this entire process of cooling further can prove to be a crucial stride in this regard. Quite contrarily, for the optoelectronic applications the situation is entirely conflicting where quick rate of cooling is a chief prerequisite. In the recent times, there have been various key developments that have targeted altering this cooling rate by various chemically engineered strategies. This review highlights such blueprints that can be utilized towards the advantageous alteration of the carrier cooling in accordance with the device requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Ayushi Shukla
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - K Justice Babu
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.,RPC Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 40085, India
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23
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Jin Z, Peng Y, Fang Y, Ye Z, Fan Z, Liu Z, Bao X, Gao H, Ren W, Wu J, Ma G, Chen Q, Zhang C, Balakin AV, Shkurinov AP, Zhu Y, Zhuang S. Photoinduced large polaron transport and dynamics in organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite with terahertz probes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:209. [PMID: 35794097 PMCID: PMC9259629 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted tremendous attention for optoelectronic applications. The long photocarrier lifetime and moderate carrier mobility have been proposed as results of the large polaron formation in MHPs. However, it is challenging to measure the effective mass and carrier scattering parameters of the photogenerated large polarons in the ultrafast carrier recombination dynamics. Here, we show, in a one-step spectroscopic method, that the optical-pump and terahertz-electromagnetic probe (OPTP) technique allows us to access the nature of interplay of photoexcited unbound charge carriers and optical phonons in polycrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) of about 10 μm grain size. Firstly, we demonstrate a direct spectral evidence of the large polarons in polycrystalline MAPbI3. Using the Drude-Smith-Lorentz model along with the Frӧhlich-type electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling, we determine the effective mass and scattering parameters of photogenerated polaronic carriers. We discover that the resulting moderate polaronic carrier mobility is mainly influenced by the enhanced carrier scattering, rather than the polaron mass enhancement. While, the formation of large polarons in MAPbI3 polycrystalline grains results in a long charge carrier lifetime at room temperature. Our results provide crucial information about the photo-physics of MAPbI3 and are indispensable for optoelectronic device development with better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuanming Jin
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Yuqing Fang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhijiang Ye
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Physics Department, Materials Genome Institute, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Physics Department, Materials Genome Institute, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yutian Road 500, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Ma
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qianli Chen
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Alexey V Balakin
- Department of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 19991, Russia
- ILIT RAS-Branch of the FSRC《Crystallography and Photonics》RAS, Svyatoozerskaya 1, 140700, Shatura, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander P Shkurinov
- Department of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 19991, Russia
- ILIT RAS-Branch of the FSRC《Crystallography and Photonics》RAS, Svyatoozerskaya 1, 140700, Shatura, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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24
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Polar methylammonium organic cations detune state coupling and extend hot-carrier lifetime in lead halide perovskites. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Ruan Z, Jiang S, Zhang Q, Luo Y. Phononic Fine-Tuning in a Prototype Two-Dimensional Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite System. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5480-5487. [PMID: 35687483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emerging two-dimensional (2D) lead-halide perovskite materials hold great promise for next-generation photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications, in which phonon engineering plays a crucial role. However, detailed mechanistic exploration related to phonon effects, especially from a dynamics perspective, remains rather limited. Herein, we present a systematic demonstration of phononic fine-tuning in a prototype 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) system, i.e., phenethylammonium lead iodide [(PEA)2PbI4] with each hydrogen atom at positions 2 (ortho), 3 (meta), and 4 (para) on the PEA's phenyl group being replaced by a fluorine atom. Through a set of joint observations via ultrafast spectroscopy and temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy, we reveal that such a fluorination can subtly exert profound impacts on its structural distortion-induced phononic properties, including coherent phonon modes, phonon-phonon/electron-phonon interactions, and the hot-phonon bottleneck effect. This work highlights the significant importance of the atomic-level tailoring of organic cations in low-dimensional HOIP systems, which is usually ignored in conventional notion and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoushilin Ruan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shenlong Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
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26
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Lai R, Yang Z, Zhi C, Cao X, Li Z, Di D, Yang Y. Transient Suppression of Carrier Mobility Due to Hot Optical Phonons in Lead Bromide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5488-5494. [PMID: 35687791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In lead halide perovskites, owing to the strong Fröhlich coupling, carrier dynamics that governs the optoelectronic performance is greatly affected by the lattice vibrations. In this emerging class of materials, injected hot carriers quickly relax by emitting optical phonons, and if this process is sufficiently fast, hot optical phonons can be generated, which may in turn hamper the carrier transport. However, the transient interaction between hot phonons and carriers has not yet been investigated. Herein, we identified the transient absorption feature of hot phonons in lead bromide perovskites and then extracted the hot-phonon dynamics. The hot-phonon decay mechanism was uncovered by temperature-dependent measurements. The hot-phonon decay in lead bromide perovskites was an order of magnitude faster than that in GaAs, attributed to the large anharmonicity arising from the lattice softness and structural fluctuation. The carrier mobility was also transiently suppressed by hot phonons, and the mobility recovery was accompanied by the decay of hot phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runchen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhangqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chongyang Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xuhui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Dawei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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27
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Bourelle SA, Camargo FVA, Ghosh S, Neumann T, van de Goor TWJ, Shivanna R, Winkler T, Cerullo G, Deschler F. Optical control of exciton spin dynamics in layered metal halide perovskites via polaronic state formation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3320. [PMID: 35680886 PMCID: PMC9184503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the open challenges of spintronics is to control the spin relaxation mechanisms. Layered metal-halide perovskites are an emerging class of semiconductors which possess a soft crystal lattice that strongly couples electronic and vibrational states and show promise for spintronic applications. Here, we investigate the impact of such strong coupling on the spin relaxation of excitons in the layered perovskite BA2FAPbI7 using a combination of cryogenic Faraday rotation and transient absorption spectroscopy. We report an unexpected increase of the spin lifetime by two orders of magnitude at 77 K under photoexcitation with photon energy in excess of the exciton absorption peak, and thus demonstrate optical control over the dominant spin relaxation mechanism. We attribute this control to strong coupling between excitons and optically excited phonons, which form polaronic states with reduced electron-hole wave function overlap that protect the exciton spin memory. Our insights highlight the special role of exciton-lattice interactions on the spin physics in the layered perovskites and provide a novel opportunity for optical spin control. Spintronic devices will require long spin lifetimes, but the effect of exciton-lattice coupling on spin lifetime in metal-halide perovskites is not well understood. Here, the authors find a 100-fold increase in the lifetime of exciton spins in a 2D perovskite by exciting with excess energy, resulting from strong coupling between excitons and optically excited phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Bourelle
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Franco V A Camargo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Timo Neumann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.,Walter-Schottky-Institute, Physics Department, Technical University Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching, Germany
| | - Tim W J van de Goor
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.,Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Felix Deschler
- Walter-Schottky-Institute, Physics Department, Technical University Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching, Germany. .,Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Photo-induced enhancement of lattice fluctuations in metal-halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1019. [PMID: 35197455 PMCID: PMC8866428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) are affected by lattice fluctuations. Using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, we demonstrate that in state-of-the-art mixed-cation MHPs ultrafast photo-induced bandgap narrowing occurs with a linear to super-linear dependence on the excited carrier density ranging from 1017 cm-3 to above 1018 cm-3. Time-domain terahertz spectroscopy reveals carrier localization increases with carrier density. Both observations, the anomalous dependence of the bandgap narrowing and the increased carrier localization can be rationalized by photo-induced lattice fluctuations. The magnitude of the photo-induced lattice fluctuations depends on the intrinsic instability of the MHP lattice. Our findings provide insight into ultrafast processes in MHPs following photoexcitation and thus help to develop a concise picture of the ultrafast photophysics of this important class of emerging semiconductors.
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29
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Zhang H, Debroye E, Zheng W, Fu S, Virgilio LD, Kumar P, Bonn M, Wang HI. Highly mobile hot holes in Cs 2AgBiBr 6 double perovskite. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj9066. [PMID: 34936431 PMCID: PMC8694595 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Highly mobile hot charge carriers are a prerequisite for efficient hot carrier optoelectronics requiring long-range hot carrier transport. However, hot carriers are typically much less mobile than cold ones because of carrier-phonon scattering. Here, we report enhanced hot carrier mobility in Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite. Following photoexcitation, hot carriers generated with excess energy exhibit boosted mobility, reaching an up to fourfold enhancement compared to cold carriers and a long-range hot carrier transport length beyond 200 nm. By optical pump–infrared push-terahertz probe spectroscopy and frequency-resolved photoconductivity measurements, we provide evidence that the conductivity enhancement originates primarily from hot holes with reduced momentum scattering. We rationalize our observation by considering (quasi-)ballistic transport of thermalized hot holes with energies above an energetic threshold in Cs2AgBiBr6. Our findings render Cs2AgBiBr6 as a fascinating platform for studying the fundamentals of hot carrier transport and its exploitation toward hot carrier–based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucia D. Virgilio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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30
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Huang Z, Sun Q, Zhao S, Wu B, Zhang M, Zang Z, Wang Y. Deciphering Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics of Eco-Friendly ZnSeTe-Based Quantum Dots: Toward High-Quality Blue-Green Emitters. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11931-11938. [PMID: 34878791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing non-toxic and high-performance colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (CQDs) represents the inevitable route toward CQD-enabled technologies. Herein, the spectral and dynamic properties of heavy-metal-free ZnSeTe-based CQDs are investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy and theoretical modeling. We for the first time decode the ultrafast hot carrier trapping (<2 ps) and band-edge carrier trapping processes (∼6 ps) in the CQD system, which plagues the emission performance. The ZnSe/ZnSeS/ZnS shell engineering greatly suppresses the non-radiative trapping process and results in a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 88%. We demonstrate that the core/shell nano-heterostructure forms the quasi-type II configuration, in contrast to the presumed type I counterpart. Moreover, the Auger recombination and hot carrier cooling processes are revealed to be ∼454-405 ps and 160-370 fs, respectively, and their relationship with the composition in the spectral range of 470-525 nm is clarified. The above merits render these ZnSeTe CQDs as outstanding blue-green emitters for optoelectronic applications, exemplified by the white light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoqiang Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshui Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
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31
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Zheng X, Hopper TR, Gorodetsky A, Maimaris M, Xu W, Martin BAA, Frost JM, Bakulin AA. Multipulse Terahertz Spectroscopy Unveils Hot Polaron Photoconductivity Dynamics in Metal-Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8732-8739. [PMID: 34478291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hot carriers in metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) present a foundation for understanding carrier-phonon coupling in the materials as well as the prospective development of high-performance hot carrier photovoltaics. While the carrier population dynamics during cooling have been scrutinized, the evolution of the hot carrier properties, namely mobility, remains largely unexplored. Here we introduce novel ultrafast visible pump-infrared push-terahertz probe spectroscopy to monitor the real-time conductivity dynamics of cooling carriers in methylammonium lead iodide. We find a decrease in mobility upon optically re-exciting the carriers, as expected for band transport. Surprisingly, the conductivity recovery is incommensurate with the hot carrier population dynamics measured by infrared probe and exhibits a negligible dependence on the hot carrier density. Our results reveal the importance of localized lattice heating toward the hot carrier mobility. This collective polaron-lattice phenomenon may contribute to the unusual photophysics of MHPs and should be accounted for in hot carrier devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Hopper
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Gorodetsky
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Maimaris
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley A A Martin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jarvist M Frost
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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32
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Minussi FB, Reis SP, Araújo EB. DC bias electric field effects on ac electrical conductivity of MAPbI 3suggesting intrinsic changes on structure and charge carrier dynamics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:475702. [PMID: 34464945 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) emerges as a promising halide perovskite material for the next generation of solar cells due to its high efficiency and flexibility in material growth. Despite intensive studies of their optical and electronic properties in the past ten years, there are no reports on dc bias electric field effects on conductivity in a wide temperature range. In this work, we report the combined effects of frequency, temperature, and dc bias electric field on the ac conductivity of MAPbI3. We found that the results of dc bias electric fields are very contrasting in the tetragonal and cubic phases. In the tetragonal phase, sufficiently high dc bias electric fields induce a conductivity peak appearance ∼290 K well evidenced at frequencies higher than 100 kHz. Excluding possible degradation and extrinsic factors, we propose that this peak suggests a ferroelectric-like transition. In the absence of a dc bias electric field, the ac conductivity in the tetragonal phase increases with temperature while decreases with temperature in the cubic phase. Also, ac activation energies for tetragonal and cubic phases were found to be inversely and directly proportional to the dc bias electric field, respectively. This behavior was attributed to the ionic conduction, possibly of MA+and I-ions, for the tetragonal phase. As for the cubic phase, the ac conduction dynamics appear to be metallic-like, which seems to change to a polaronic-controlled charge transport to increased dc bias electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Minussi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, Brazil
| | - S P Reis
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, 15503-110 Votuporanga, Brazil
| | - E B Araújo
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, Brazil
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33
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Suo P, Zhang H, Yan S, Zhang W, Fu J, Lin X, Hao S, Jin Z, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Miao F, Liang SJ, Ma G. Observation of Negative Terahertz Photoconductivity in Large Area Type-II Dirac Semimetal PtTe_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:227402. [PMID: 34152189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.227402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a newly emergent type-II Dirac semimetal, platinum telluride (PtTe_{2}) stands out from other two dimensional noble-transition-metal dichalcogenides for the unique band structure and novel physical properties, and has been studied extensively. However, the ultrafast response of low energy quasiparticle excitation in terahertz frequency remains nearly unexplored yet. Herein, we employ optical pump-terahertz probe (OPTP) spectroscopy to systematically study the photocarrier dynamics of PtTe_{2} thin films with varying pump fluence, temperature, and film thickness. Upon photoexcitation the terahertz photoconductivity (PC) of PtTe_{2} films shows abrupt increase initially, while the terahertz PC changes into negative value in a subpicosecond timescale, followed by a prolonged recovery process that lasted a few nanoseconds. The magnitude of both positive and negative terahertz PC response shows strongly pump fluence dependence. We assign the unusual negative terahertz PC to the formation of small polaron due to the strong electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling, which is further substantiated by temperature and film thickness dependent measurements. Moreover, our investigations give a subpicosecond timescale of simultaneous carrier cooling and polaron formation. The present study provides deep insights into the underlying dynamics evolution mechanisms of photocarrier in type-II Dirac semimetal upon photoexcitation, which is of crucial importance for designing PtTe_{2}-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Suo
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Shengnan Yan
- Institute of Brain-inspired Intelligence, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jibo Fu
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Song Hao
- Institute of Brain-inspired Intelligence, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zuanming Jin
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 JunGong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
- STU & SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Feng Miao
- Institute of Brain-inspired Intelligence, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shi-Jun Liang
- Institute of Brain-inspired Intelligence, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Guohong Ma
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- STU & SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, China
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34
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Buizza LRV, Herz LM. Polarons and Charge Localization in Metal-Halide Semiconductors for Photovoltaic and Light-Emitting Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007057. [PMID: 33955594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide semiconductors have shown excellent performance in optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and detectors. In this review the role of charge-lattice interactions and polaron formation in a wide range of these promising materials, including perovskites, double perovskites, Ruddlesden-Popper layered perovskites, nanocrystals, vacancy-ordered, and other novel structures, is summarized. The formation of Fröhlich-type "large" polarons in archetypal bulk metal-halide ABX3 perovskites and its dependence on A-cation, B-metal, and X-halide composition, which is now relatively well understood, are discussed. It is found that, for nanostructured and novel metal-halide materials, a larger variation in the strengths of polaronic effects is reported across the literature, potentially deriving from variations in potential barriers and the presence of interfaces at which lattice relaxation may be enhanced. Such findings are further discussed in the context of different experimental approaches used to explore polaronic effects, cautioning that firm conclusions are often hampered by the presence of alternate processes and interactions giving rise to similar experimental signatures. Overall, a complete understanding of polaronic effects will prove essential given their direct influence on optoelectronic properties such as charge-carrier mobilities and emission spectra, which are critical to the performance of energy and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R V Buizza
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Lichtenbergstraße 2 a, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany
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35
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Dana J, Binyamin T, Etgar L, Ruhman S. Unusually Strong Biexciton Repulsion Detected in Quantum Confined CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals with Two and Three Pulse Femtosecond Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9039-9047. [PMID: 33974397 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transient absorption measurements were conducted on pristine and monoexciton saturated CsPbBr3 nanocrystals varying in size within the regime of a strong quantum confinement. Once the difference spectra were translated to absolute transient changes in absorption cross section, a single exciton is shown to completely bleach the band edge absorption peak and induce a new absorption roughly two times weaker ∼100 meV to the blue. Difference spectra obtained during Auger recombination of biexciton demonstrate that the addition of a second exciton, rather than double the effect of a first, bleaches the blue-induced absorption band without producing a net stimulated emission at the band edge. Accompanied by high time resolution transient absorption spectra pumping at the lowest exciton band, these results identify the blue-induced absorption as the second transition to 1Se1Sh which is shifted in energy due to unusually strong and promptly rising biexciton repulsion. Possible mechanisms giving rise to this repulsion and prospects for applying it to enhance optical gain applications of these particles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dana
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem-91904, Israel
| | - Tal Binyamin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem-91904, Israel
| | - Lioz Etgar
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem-91904, Israel
| | - Sanford Ruhman
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem-91904, Israel
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36
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Buizza LV, Wright AD, Longo G, Sansom HC, Xia CQ, Rosseinsky MJ, Johnston MB, Snaith HJ, Herz LM. Charge-Carrier Mobility and Localization in Semiconducting Cu 2AgBiI 6 for Photovoltaic Applications. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2021; 6:1729-1739. [PMID: 34056108 PMCID: PMC8155390 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free silver-bismuth semiconductors have become increasingly popular materials for optoelectronic applications, building upon the success of lead halide perovskites. In these materials, charge-lattice couplings fundamentally determine charge transport, critically affecting device performance. In this study, we investigate the optoelectronic properties of the recently discovered lead-free semiconductor Cu2AgBiI6 using temperature-dependent photoluminescence, absorption, and optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy. We report ultrafast charge-carrier localization effects, evident from sharp THz photoconductivity decays occurring within a few picoseconds after excitation and a rise in intensity with decreasing temperature of long-lived, highly Stokes-shifted photoluminescence. We conclude that charge carriers in Cu2AgBiI6 are subject to strong charge-lattice coupling. However, such small polarons still exhibit mobilities in excess of 1 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature because of low energetic barriers to formation and transport. Together with a low exciton binding energy of ∼29 meV and a direct band gap near 2.1 eV, these findings highlight Cu2AgBiI6 as an attractive lead-free material for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo
R. V. Buizza
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D. Wright
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Longo
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
- Department
of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Northumbria, Ellison Place, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Harry C. Sansom
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Chelsea Q. Xia
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Rosseinsky
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael B. Johnston
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M. Herz
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
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37
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Ren G, Zhou L, Chen L, Liu L, Zhang J, Zhao H, Han J. Application of terahertz spectroscopy on monitoring crystallization and isomerization of azobenzene. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:14894-14904. [PMID: 33985201 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz spectroscopy provides a powerful and informative link between infrared spectroscopy and microwave spectroscopy, and is now beginning to make its transition from initial development to broader use by chemists, materials scientists and biologists. In this study, utilizing terahertz spectroscopy we monitored the crystallization and isomerization of azobenzene. In flash-frozen trans-azobenzene solutions, the processes of crystallization and phase transition were observed. A new phase has been experimentally confirmed to exist stably at low temperatures. The results on gradual-frozen experiment indicate that the formation of the observed new phase is determined by the cooling rate. Besides, based on the distinctive spectral features of the isomers, the thermal- and photo-induced isomerization processes of azobenzene were investigated. This work presents that the terahertz spectroscopy has a great potential to study the phase transitions and crystallization of liquid samples under different freezing conditions.
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38
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Muscarella L, Hutter EM, Frost JM, Grimaldi GG, Versluis J, Bakker HJ, Ehrler B. Accelerated Hot-Carrier Cooling in MAPbI 3 Perovskite by Pressure-Induced Lattice Compression. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4118-4124. [PMID: 33891428 PMCID: PMC8154846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hot-carrier cooling (HCC) in metal halide perovskites above the Mott transition is significantly slower than in conventional semiconductors. This effect is commonly attributed to a hot-phonon bottleneck, but the influence of the lattice properties on the HCC behavior is poorly understood. Using pressure-dependent transient absorption spectroscopy, we find that at an excitation density below the Mott transition, pressure does not affect the HCC. On the contrary, above the Mott transition, HCC in methylammonium lead iodide is around 2-3 times faster at 0.3 GPa than at ambient pressure. Our electron-phonon coupling calculations reveal ∼2-fold stronger electron-phonon coupling for the inorganic cage mode at 0.3 GPa. However, our experiments reveal that pressure promotes faster HCC only above the Mott transition. Altogether, these findings suggest a change in the nature of excited carriers above the Mott transition threshold, providing insights into the electronic behavior of devices operating at such high charge-carrier densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreta
A. Muscarella
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M. Hutter
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca G. Grimaldi
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Versluis
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib J. Bakker
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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39
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Wang ZW, Sun Y, Cui Y, Xiao Y, Deng JP, Xiong W, Li ZQ. Quantum defect-assisted multiphonon Raman scattering in metal halide perovskites. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:145702. [PMID: 33494077 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abdf92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum defects are essential to understand the non-radiative recombination processes in metal halide perovskites-based photovoltaic devices, in which Huang-Rhys factor, reflecting the coupling strength between the charge carrier and optical phonons, plays a key role in determining the non-radiative recombination via multiphonon processes. Herein, we theoretically present multiphonon Raman scattering intermediated by defects arising from the charge carrier of defect coupled with the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon in the deformation potential and Fröhlich mechanisms, respectively. We find that the Raman scattering shows multiple LO phonon overtones at equal interval LO phonons, where Huang-Rhys factor could be evaluated by the order of the strongest overtone. Meanwhile, we give the combinational multiphonon scattering between two mechanisms. Different types of the combinational modes with the weak scattering intensities provide a possible explanation for the long non-radiative charges-carrier lifetimes in metal halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028043, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Pei Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, People's Republic of China
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40
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Chi Z, Zhang X, Wen X, Han J, Wei Z, Du L, Lai J, Wang X, Zhang G, Zhao Q, Chen H, Ajayan PM, Weng YX. Determining Quasiparticle Bandgap of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides by Observation of Hot Carrier Relaxation Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:585-591. [PMID: 33382603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using excitation-energy-scanning ultrafast infrared microspectroscopy, the excess energy-dependent hot carrier relaxation dynamics in atomically thin two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) after femtosecond photoexcitation was directly monitored. A good linear relationship between the carrier relaxation time and the excitation wavelength is observed for all measured monolayer (ML) and bilayer (BL) TMD samples, which allows us to determine their quasiparticle bandgaps as well as corresponding exciton binding energies. A carrier-optical-phonon scattering-mediated cascading-relaxation model is proposed, which can perfectly describe all the measured dynamics. As a consequence, the quasiparticle bandgaps of ML MoSe2, ML MoS2, BL MoSe2, and BL WSe2 are determined to be 2.07, 2.11, 1.67, and 1.81 eV, respectively. Our work reveals a general picture for the hot carrier relaxation dynamics in atomically thin TMDs and offers an effective experimental approach in probing the bandgaps of TMDs under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chi
- The Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center for Quantum Technology Research, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Photo-biophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Xiewen Wen
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Junfeng Han
- Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Micronano Center, Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Luojun Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiawei Lai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Xiangzhuo Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Micronano Center, Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Center for Quantum Technology Research, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- The Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Yu-Xiang Weng
- The Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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41
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Tran NL, Elkins MH, McMeekin DP, Snaith HJ, Scholes GD. Observation of Charge Generation via Photoinduced Stark Effect in Mixed-Cation Lead Bromide Perovskite Thin Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10081-10087. [PMID: 33179935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extensive transient absorption studies on hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have elucidated many optical properties important for their device performance. Despite the enormous progress, the derivative shaped photoinduced absorption feature in transient spectra that is above the bandgap has many explanations, including the photoinduced Stark effect, where the bandgap is blue shifted due to a local electric field generated by charges. In this work, we employ broad band transient absorption and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to examine the early transient events after photoexcitation of [CH(NH2)2]0.83Cs0.17PbBr3 (FA0.83Cs0.17PbBr3). 2DES resolves a photomodulation feature at the excitation energy of the exciton, suggesting the presence of a dipole field created by a polaron pair shifting the exciton transition to higher energies. As this polaron pair dissociates over 200 fs, the exciton transition shifts to higher energies over the same time scale, evidenced by the 2DES diagonal energy spectra. Given that the observations are well explained in terms of the Stark effect, our work provides extra grounds to support the Stark effect assignment of the above-gap photoinduced absorption. Furthermore, our study reports on the time scale of charge generation, contributing to the fundamental understanding of mixed-cation lead bromide perovskite photophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu L Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Madeline H Elkins
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David P McMeekin
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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42
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Kaur G, Ghosh HN. Hot Carrier Relaxation in CsPbBr 3-Based Perovskites: A Polaron Perspective. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8765-8776. [PMID: 32961059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Long-standing interpretations for the exceptional photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties showcased by the perovskite family pertain to the underlying complicated interplay of polaron formation and hot carrier cooling. This Perspective primarily focuses on reassessing the existing status of polaron studies conducted on CsPbBr3-based systems in particular, in the framework of transient absorption investigations. The role of the key aspect that is ultimately accountable for deciding the fate of polaron formation, i.e., the carrier-longitudinal optical phonon coupling, has been comprehensively evaluated in terms of diverse factors which affect this Fröhlich interaction-mediated coupling. The study provides a detailed discussion regarding the alterations in lattice polarity, surrounding dielectric medium, lattice temperature, and system dimensionality which can influence the charge screening extent and thereby the polaron formation. Such studies concerning strategies for achieving easily attainable modulations in polaron formation in CsPbBr3-based systems are highly relevant for technological advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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43
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Burgos-Caminal A, Socie E, Bouduban MEF, Moser JE. Exciton and Carrier Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7692-7701. [PMID: 32841032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper hybrid lead halide perovskites have become a major topic in perovskite optoelectronics. Here, we aim to unravel the ultrafast dynamics governing the evolution of charge carriers and excitons in these materials. Using a combination of ultrabroadband time-resolved THz (TRTS) and fluorescence upconversion spectroscopies, we find that sequential carrier cooling and exciton formation best explain the observed dynamics, while exciton-exciton interactions play an important role in the form of Auger heating and biexciton formation. We show that the presence of a longer-lived population of carriers is due to the latter processes and not to a Mott transition. Therefore, excitons still dominate at laser excitation densities. We use kinetic modeling to compare the phenethylammonium and butylammonium organic cations while investigating the stability of the resulting films. In addition, we demonstrate the capability of using ultrabroadband TRTS to study excitons in large binding energy semiconductors through spectral analysis at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Burgos-Caminal
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Socie
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine E F Bouduban
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques-E Moser
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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44
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Duan HG, Tiwari V, Jha A, Berdiyorov GR, Akimov A, Vendrell O, Nayak PK, Snaith HJ, Thorwart M, Li Z, Madjet ME, Miller RJD. Photoinduced Vibrations Drive Ultrafast Structural Distortion in Lead Halide Perovskite. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16569-16578. [PMID: 32869985 PMCID: PMC7586332 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The success of organic–inorganic
perovskites in optoelectronics
is dictated by the complex interplay between various underlying microscopic
phenomena. The structural dynamics of organic cations and the inorganic
sublattice after photoexcitation are hypothesized to have a direct
effect on the material properties, thereby affecting the overall device
performance. Here, we use ultrafast heterodyne-detected two-dimensional
(2D) electronic spectroscopy to reveal impulsively excited vibrational
modes of methylammonium (MA) lead iodide perovskite, which drive the
structural distortion after photoexcitation. Vibrational analysis
of the measured data allows us to monitor the time-evolved librational
motion of the MA cation along with the vibrational coherences of the
inorganic sublattice. Wavelet analysis of the observed vibrational
coherences reveals the coherent generation of the librational motion
of the MA cation within ∼300 fs complemented with the coherent
evolution of the inorganic skeletal motion. To rationalize this observation,
we employed the configuration interaction singles (CIS), which support
our experimental observations of the coherent generation of librational
motions in the MA cation and highlight the importance of the anharmonic
interaction between the MA cation and the inorganic sublattice. Moreover,
our advanced theoretical calculations predict the transfer of the
photoinduced vibrational coherence from the MA cation to the inorganic
sublattice, leading to reorganization of the lattice to form a polaronic
state with a long lifetime. Our study uncovers the interplay of the
organic cation and inorganic sublattice during formation of the polaron,
which may lead to novel design principles for the next generation
of perovskite solar cell materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Duan
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, Hamburg 20355, Germany.,The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Vandana Tiwari
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Ajay Jha
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Golibjon R Berdiyorov
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexey Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo New York 14260, United States
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Pabitra K Nayak
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.,TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Thorwart
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, Hamburg 20355, Germany.,The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Zheng Li
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mohamed E Madjet
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,The Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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45
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Timmerman D, Matsubara E, Gomez L, Ashida M, Gregorkiewicz T, Fujiwara Y. Direct Visualization and Determination of the Multiple Exciton Generation Rate. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21506-21512. [PMID: 32905445 PMCID: PMC7469370 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple exciton generation (MEG) takes place in competition to other hot carrier cooling processes. While the determination of carrier cooling rates is well established, direct information on MEG dynamics has been lacking. Here, we present a methodology to obtain the MEG rate directly in the initial ultrafast transient absorption dynamics. This method is most effective to systems with slow carrier cooling rates. Perovskite quantum dots exhibit this property and are used to illustrate this approach. They show a delayed carrier concentration buildup following an excitation pulse above the MEG threshold energy, which is accompanied by a faster carrier relaxation, providing a direct evidence of the MEG process. Numerical modeling within a simple framework of two competing cooling mechanisms allows us to extract the MEG rate and carrier energy cooling rates for this material. The presented methodology could provide new insights in carrier generation physics and valuable information for MEG investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolf Timmerman
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Matsubara
- National
Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Asahikawa
College, Shunkodai 2-2-1-6, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 071-8142, Japan
| | - Leyre Gomez
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, XH, Amsterdam 1098, The Netherlands
| | - Masaaki Ashida
- Graduate
School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tom Gregorkiewicz
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, XH, Amsterdam 1098, The Netherlands
| | - Yasufumi Fujiwara
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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46
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Kaur G, Babu KJ, Ghosh HN. Temperature-Dependent Interplay of Polaron Formation and Hot Carrier Cooling Dynamics in CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals: Role of Carrier-Phonon Coupling Strength. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6206-6213. [PMID: 32658488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic devices with CsPbBr3 nanocrystals as the working layer are generally subjected to wide variance of extreme temperatures during operation. Thus, the underlying photophysics, which is undeniably a temperature-dependent entity, demands intricate understanding. In this finding, with the assistance of temperature-dependent transient absorption spectroscopy, an endeavor has been made to disentangle the detrimental conflict between polaron formation and hot carrier relaxation for CsPbBr3 nanocrystal systems. Carrier relaxation pathways are seen to diverge drastically upon varying the lattice temperature from 300 to 5 K. Acquired results indicate the involvement of polarons for retarded carrier cooling dynamics observed at 300 K, whereas its absence at lower temperatures (<200 K) provides the basis for relatively quicker cooling. Additionally, despite the expected participation from the polaron due to the onset of strong carrier-longitudinal optical phonon coupling at 200 K, the reason for its absence in the cooling dynamics at 200 K has been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - K Justice Babu
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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47
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Folpini G, Gatto L, Cortecchia D, Devetta M, Crippa G, Vozzi C, Stagira S, Petrozza A, Cinquanta E. Ultrafast charge carrier dynamics in quantum confined 2D perovskite. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:214705. [PMID: 32505161 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the charge carrier dynamics in 2D perovskite NBT2PbI4 by ultrafast optical pump-THz probe spectroscopy. We observed a few ps long relaxation dynamics that can be ascribed to the band to band carrier recombination, in the absence of any contribution from many-body and trap assisted processes. The transient conductivity spectra show that the polaron dynamics is strongly modulated by the presence of a rich exciton population. The polarization field resulting from the exciton formation acts as the source of a restoring force that localizes polarons. This is revealed by the presence of a negative imaginary conductivity. Our results show that the dynamics of excitons in 2D perovskites at room temperature can be detected by monitoring their effect on the conductivity of the photoinduced polaronic carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Folpini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gatto
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Cortecchia
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Devetta
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Crippa
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Vozzi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Stagira
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Petrozza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Eugenio Cinquanta
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
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48
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Uratani H, Nakai H. Simulating the Coupled Structural-Electronic Dynamics of Photoexcited Lead Iodide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4448-4455. [PMID: 32418430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the optoelectronic applications of lead halide perovskites (LHPs), researchers have paid considerable attention to their photoexcited-state dynamics, where the coupling between the electronic and nuclear dynamics is pronounced. Here, we present simulations of the photoexcited-state dynamics of representative lead iodide perovskites, CsPbI3 and MAPbI3 (MA = CH3NH3), by adopting nonadiabatic molecular dynamics combined with the linear-response time-dependent density-functional tight-binding (LR-TD-DFTB) method, an efficient excited-state calculation framework. In the calculations, the electronic wave function and the nuclear coordinates were propagated in a mutually dependent manner. The results suggest that the excited LHPs undergo exciton dissociation, hot carrier cooling, and polaron formation on similar time scales. In particular, the decay of the carrier energy is attributed to not only the relaxation toward the band edge but also the change in orbital energy originating from the structural deformation, highlighting the importance of coupling between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uratani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
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49
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Nan G, Beljonne D, Zhang X, Quarti C. Organic Cations Protect Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskites against Small Exciton-Polaron Formation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2983-2991. [PMID: 32227856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Working organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite-based devices are notoriously sensitive to surface and interface effects. Using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methods, we report a comprehensive study of the changes (with respect to the bulk) in geometric and electronic structures going on at the (001) surface of a (tetragonal phase) methylammonium lead iodide perovskite slab, in the dark and upon photoexcitation. The formation of a hydrogen bonding pattern between the -NH3 groups of the organic cations and the iodine atoms of the outer inorganic layout is found to critically contribute to the relative thermodynamic stability of slabs with varying surface compositions and terminations. Most importantly, our results show that the hydrogen bond locking effects induced by the MA groups tend to protect the external two-dimensional lattice against large local structural deformations, i.e., the formation of a small exciton-polaron, at variance with purely inorganic lead halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Nan
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P. R. China
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330-8268, United States
| | - Claudio Quarti
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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50
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Munson KT, Swartzfager JR, Gan J, Asbury JB. Does Dipolar Motion of Organic Cations Affect Polaron Dynamics and Bimolecular Recombination in Halide Perovskites? J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3166-3172. [PMID: 32243757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of dipolar motion of organic cations in the A-sites of halide perovskites has been debated in an effort to understand why these materials possess such remarkable properties. Here, we show that the dipolar motion of cations such as methylammonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA) versus cesium (Cs) does not influence large polaron binding energies, delocalization lengths, formation times, or bimolecular recombination lifetimes in lead bromide perovskites containing only one type of A-site cation. We directly probe the transient absorption spectra of large polarons throughout the entire mid-infrared and resolve their dynamics on time scales from sub-100 fs to sub-μs using time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy. Our findings suggest that the improved optoelectronic properties reported of halide perovskites with mixed A-site cations may result from synergy among the cations and how their mixture modulates the structure and dynamics of the inorganic lattice rather than from the dipolar properties of the cations themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Munson
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John R Swartzfager
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jianing Gan
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John B Asbury
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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