1
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Rijal K, Fuller N, Rudayni F, Zhang N, Zuo X, Berrie CL, Yip HL, Chan WL. Endothermic Charge Separation Occurs Spontaneously in Non-Fullerene Acceptor/Polymer Bulk Heterojunction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400578. [PMID: 38762779 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) based on non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have achieved a power conversion efficiency close to 20%. These NFA OPVs can generate free carriers efficiently despite a very small energy level offset at the donor/acceptor interface. Why these NFAs can enable efficient charge separation (CS) with low energy losses remains an open question. Here, the CS process in the PM6:Y6 bulk heterojunction is probed by time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy. It is found that the CS, the conversion from bound charge transfer (CT) excitons to free carriers, is an endothermic process with an enthalpy barrier of 0.15 eV. The CS can occur spontaneously despite being an endothermic process, which implies that it is driven by entropy. It is further argued that the morphology of the PM6:Y6 film and the anisotropic electron delocalization restrict the electron and hole wavefunctions within the CT exciton such that they can primarily contact each other through point-like junctions. This configuration can maximize the entropic driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Rijal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Neno Fuller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Fatimah Rudayni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
- Department of Physics, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Cindy L Berrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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2
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Zhou X, Chen Y, Li Q, Yang S, Han C. A novel method for interfacial energy gap determination. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16919. [PMID: 39043860 PMCID: PMC11266581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A precise quantification of energy gap for a molecular semiconductor is crucial. However, there has always been a lack of a suitable method which results in an inaccurate measurement. In this research, a three-terminal vertical structure (Al/AlOX/Au/ molecular semiconductor/Al), named hot electron transistor has been designed to be the most powerful method for energy gap determination. By analysing the IC-hot-VEB curves, the electron injected barrier and hole injected barrier can be extracted. In combination of the both, the energy gap of four objects, including PBDB-T-2Cl, C60, PTCDA, and Alq3, has been determined finally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yushu Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixing Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Jin P, Wei X, Yin B, Xu L, Guo Y, Zhang C. Stepwise Charge/Energy Transfer in MR-TADF Molecule-Doped Exciplex for Ultralong Persistent Luminescence Activated with Visible Light. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400158. [PMID: 38847332 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Organic long-persistent luminescence (OLPL), which relies on energy storage for delayed light emission by the charge separation state, has attracted intense attention in various optical applications. However, charge separation (CS) is efficient only under ultraviolet excitation in most OLPL systems because it requires a driving force from the large energy difference between the local excited (LE) and charge transfer (CT) states. In this study, a multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) molecule is incorporated into an exciplex system to achieve efficient OLPL in a composite material activated by visible light via a stepwise charge/energy transfer process. The enhanced absorption of the composite material facilitated a tenfold increase in the duration of the OLPL, which can last for several hours under visible light excitation. The excited state of the MR-TADF molecule tends to charge transfer to the acceptor, followed by energy transfer to the exciplex, which benefits from the small difference between the LE and CT states owing to the inherent CS characteristics of the opposing resonance effect. Afterglow displays of these composite materials are fabricated to demonstrate their considerable potential in encryption patterns and emergency lights, which take advantage of their excellent processability, visible light activation, and tunable luminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofang Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Baipeng Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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4
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Zaima T, Ota W, Haruta N, Uejima M, Ohkita H, Sato T. Spontaneous-Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation Induced by Pseudo-Jahn-Teller Distortion in Organic Photovoltaic Material. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9706-9712. [PMID: 37877625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The driving force of charge separation in the initial photovoltaic conversion process is theoretically investigated using ITIC, a nonfullerene acceptor material for organic photovoltaic devices. The density functional theory calculations show that the pseudo-Jahn-Teller (PJT) distortion of the S1 excimer state induces spontaneous symmetry-breaking charge separation between the identical ITIC molecules even without the asymmetry of the surrounding environment. The strong PJT effect arises from the vibronic coupling between the pseudodegenerate S1 and S2 excited states with different irreducible representations (irreps), i.e., Au for S1 and Ag for S2, via the asymmetric vibrational mode with the Au irrep. The vibrational mode responsible for the spontaneous polarization, which is opposite in one ITIC monomer and the other, is the intramolecular C-C stretching vibration between the core IT and terminal IC units. These results suggest that controlling the PJT effect can improve the charge separation efficiency of the initial photovoltaic conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeaki Zaima
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano Nishibiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wataru Ota
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano Nishibiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Haruta
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano Nishibiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Uejima
- MOLFEX, Inc., Takano Nishibiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohkita
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tohru Sato
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano Nishibiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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5
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Sağlamkaya E, Musiienko A, Shadabroo MS, Sun B, Chandrabose S, Shargaieva O, Lo Gerfo M G, van Hulst NF, Shoaee S. What is special about Y6; the working mechanism of neat Y6 organic solar cells. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1825-1834. [PMID: 36857707 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01411d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have delivered advancement in bulk heterojunction organic solar cell efficiencies, with a significant milestone of 20% now in sight. However, these materials challenge the accepted wisdom of how organic solar cells work. In this work we present a neat Y6 device with an efficiency above 4.5%. We thoroughly investigate mechanisms of charge generation and recombination as well as transport in order to understand what is special about Y6. Our data suggest that Y6 generates bulk free charges, with ambipolar mobility, which can be extracted in the presence of transport layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elifnaz Sağlamkaya
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Artem Musiienko
- Department Novel Materials and Interfaces for Photovoltaic Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammad Saeed Shadabroo
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Bowen Sun
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Sreelakshmi Chandrabose
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Shargaieva
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Department "Solution Processing of Hybrid Materials & Devices" (SE-ALM), Kekuléstr. 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Giulia Lo Gerfo M
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niek F van Hulst
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Safa Shoaee
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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6
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Guijarro F, de la Cruz P, Khandelwal K, Singhal R, Langa F, Sharma GD. Effects of Halogenation on Cyclopentadithiophenevinylene-Based Acceptors with Excellent Responses in Binary Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21296-21305. [PMID: 37073988 PMCID: PMC11165453 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, non-fused non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have attracted increasing consideration due to several advantages, which include simple preparation, superior yield, and low cost. In the work reported here, we designed and synthesized three new NFAs with the same cyclopentadithiophenevinylene (CPDTV) trimer as the electron-donating unit and different terminal units (IC for FG10, IC-4F for FG8, and IC-4Cl for FG6). Both halogenated NFAs, i.e., FG6 and FG8, show red-shifted absorption spectra and higher electron mobilities (more pronounced for FG6) in comparison with FG10. Moreover, the dielectric constants of these materials also increased upon halogenation of the IC terminal units, thus leading to a reduction in the exciton binding energy, which is favorable for dissociation of excitons and subsequent charge transfer despite the driving force (highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital offsets) being very small. The organic solar cells (OSCs) constructed using these acceptors and PBDB-T, as the donor, showed PCE values of 15.08, 12.56, and 9.04% for FG6, FG8, and FG10, respectively. The energy loss for the FG6-based device was the lowest (0.45 eV) of all the devices, and this may be attributed to it having the highest dielectric constant, which leads to a reduction in the binding energy of exciton and a small driving force for hole transfer from FG6 to PBDB-T. The results indicate that the NFA containing the CPDTV oligomer core and halogenated terminal units can efficiently spread the absorption spectrum to the NIR zone. Non-fused NFAs have a bright future in the quest to obtain efficient OSCs with low cost for marketable purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando
G. Guijarro
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Nanotecnología
y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Nanotecnología
y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Kanupriya Khandelwal
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute
of Information Technology, Jamdoli, 302031 Jaipur, (Rai), India
| | - Rahul Singhal
- Department of Physics, Malviya National
Institute of Technology, JLN Marg, 302017 Jaipur, (Raj.), India
| | - Fernando Langa
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Nanotecnología
y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute
of Information Technology, Jamdoli, 302031 Jaipur, (Rai), India
- Department
of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, 302031 Jaipur, (Rai), India
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7
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Ji Y, Mu X, Yin H, Cui B, Hao X, Gao K. Revealing the Role of Donor/Acceptor Interfaces in Nonfullerene-Acceptor Based Organic Solar Cells: Charge Separation versus Recombination. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3811-3817. [PMID: 37057899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on nonfullerene-acceptors (NFAs) have achieved rapid development, while the role of donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces in NFA based heterosystems has not been fully addressed. Here, we clarify that the photoinduced spontaneous charge separation efficiency in typical NFA heterosystems can reach up to 67%, and the charge separation efficiency contributed by the D/A interface is only 25%. The more important role of D/A interfaces is reducing the charge recombination rate, especially optimizing the competition between radiative and nonradiative charge recombination, thus reducing the nonradiative voltage loss. Systematical simulations demonstrate that there exists an optimal interfacial distance for a fixed energy offset, at which the D/A interface can reduce the nonradiative voltage loss by a maximum value of 0.12 V. Hence, we propose that optimizing the interfacial distance combined with the actual interfacial energy offset of a given heterosystem is important to develop its best photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Ji
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xinyu Mu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Cui
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kun Gao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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8
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Wang T, Chen ZH, Qiao JW, Qin W, Liu JQ, Wang XZ, Pu YJ, Yin H, Hao XT. Correlating Charge Transfer Dynamics with Interfacial Trap States in High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12109-12118. [PMID: 36813758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The charge transfer between the donor and acceptor determines the photogenerated carrier density in organic solar cells. However, a fundamental understanding regarding the charge transfer at donor/acceptor interfaces with high-density traps has not been fully addressed. Herein, a general correlation between trap densities and charge transfer dynamics is established by adopting a series of high-efficiency organic photovoltaic blends. It is found that the electron transfer rates are reduced with increased trap densities, while the hole transfer rates are independent of trap states. The local charges captured by traps can induce potential barrier formation around recombination centers, leading to the suppression of electron transfer. For the hole transfer process, the thermal energy provides a sufficient driving force, which ensures an efficient transfer rate. As a result, a 17.18% efficiency is obtained for PM6:BTP-eC9-based devices with the lowest interfacial trap densities. This work highlights the importance of interfacial traps in charge transfer processes and proposes an underlying insight into the charge transfer mechanism at nonideal interfaces in organic heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Wei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xing-Zhu Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Khalid M, Shafiq I, Umm-e-Hani, Mahmood K, Hussain R, ur Rehman MF, Assiri MA, Imran M, Akram MS. Effect of different end-capped donor moieties on non-fullerenes based non-covalently fused-ring derivatives for achieving high-performance NLO properties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1395. [PMID: 36697427 PMCID: PMC9876985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of derivatives (DOCD2-DOCD6) with D-π-A configuration was designed by substituting various efficient donor moieties via the structural tailoring of o-DOC6-2F. Quantum-chemical approaches were used to analyze the optoelectronic properties of the designed chromophores. Particularly, M06/6-311G(d,p) functional was employed to investigate the non-linear optical (NLO) response (linear polarizability ⟨α⟩, first (βtot) and second ([Formula: see text]tot) order hyperpolarizabilities) of the designed derivatives. A variety of analyses such as frontier molecular orbital (FMO), absorption spectra, transition density matrix (TDMs), density of states (DOS), natural bond orbital (NBO) and global reactivity parameters (GRPs) were employed to explore the optoelectronic response of aforementioned chromophores. FMO investigation revealed that DOCD2 showed the least energy gap (1.657 eV) among all the compounds with an excellent transference of charge towards the acceptor from the donor. Further, DOS pictographs and TDMs heat maps also supported FMO results, corroborating the presence of charge separation states along with efficient charge transitions. NBO analysis showed that π-linker and donors possessed positive charges while acceptors retained negative charges confirming the D-π-A architecture of the studied compounds. The λmax values of designed chromophores (659.070-717.875 nm) were found to have broader spectra. The GRPs were also examined utilizing energy band gaps of EHOMO and ELUMO for the entitled compounds. Among all the derivatives, DOCD2 showed the highest values of βtot (7.184 × 10-27 esu) and [Formula: see text]tot (1.676 × 10-31 esu), in coherence with the reduced band gap (1.657 eV), indicating future potentiality for NLO materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid
- grid.510450.5Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200 Pakistan ,grid.510450.5Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200 Pakistan
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- grid.510450.5Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200 Pakistan ,grid.510450.5Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200 Pakistan
| | - Umm-e-Hani
- grid.510450.5Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200 Pakistan ,grid.510450.5Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200 Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- grid.411501.00000 0001 0228 333XInstitute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- grid.440554.40000 0004 0609 0414Division of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61514 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran
- grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61514 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Safwan Akram
- grid.26597.3f0000 0001 2325 1783National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL11HG UK ,grid.26597.3f0000 0001 2325 1783School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX UK
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10
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Keshtov ML, Khokhlov AR, Shikin DY, Alekseev V, Chayal G, Dahiya H, Singh MK, Chen FC, Sharma GD. Medium Bandgap Nonfullerene Acceptor for Efficient Ternary Polymer Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1989-2000. [PMID: 36687083 PMCID: PMC9850470 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We have designed a new medium bandgap non-fullerene small-molecule acceptor consisting of an IDT donor core flanked with 2-(6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[c]-thiophene-4-ylidene) malononitrile (TC) acceptor terminal groups (IDT-TC) and compared its optical and electrochemical properties with the IDT-IC acceptor. IDT-TC showed an absorption profile from 300 to 760 nm, and it has an optical bandgap of 1.65 eV and HOMO and LUMO energy levels of -5.55 and -3.83 eV, respectively. In contrast to IDT-IC, IDT-TC has an upshifted LUMO energy level, which is advantageous for achieving high open-circuit voltage. Moreover, IDT-TC showed higher crystallinity and high electron mobility than IDT-IC. Using a wide bandgap D-A copolymer P as the donor, we compared the photovoltaic performance of IDT-TC, IDT-IC, and IDT-IC-Cl nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). Polymer solar cells (PSCs) using P: IDT-TC, P: IDT-IC, and P:IDT-IC-Cl active layers achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.26, 11.56, and 13.34%, respectively. As the absorption profiles of IDT-IC-Cl and IDT-TC are complementary to each other, we have incorporated IDT-TC as the guest acceptor in the P: IDT-IC-Cl active layer to fabricate the ternary (P:IDT-TC: IDT-IC-Cl) PSC, demonstrating a PCE of 16.44%, which is significantly higher than that of the binary BHJ devices. The improvement in PCE for ternary PSCs is attributed to the efficient exploitation of excitons via energy transfer from IDT-TC to IDT-IC-Cl, suitable nanoscale phase separation, compact stacking distance, and more evenly distributed charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed L. Keshtov
- A.N.
Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, Vavilova
St., 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexei R. Khokhlov
- A.N.
Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, Vavilova
St., 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Dimitriy Y. Shikin
- A.N.
Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, Vavilova
St., 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Alekseev
- Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry Department, Tver
State University, Sadovyi per. 35, Tver 170002, Russian Federation
| | - Giriraj Chayal
- Department
of Physics, Jai Narain Vyas University, New Campus, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hemraj Dahiya
- Department
of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information
Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur 302031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manish Kumar Singh
- Department
of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information
Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur 302031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Fang Chung Chen
- Department
of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung
University, Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
- Center for
Emergent Functional Matter Science, National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department
of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information
Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur 302031, Rajasthan, India
- Department
of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur 302031, Rajasthan, India
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11
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Ali U, Abbas F. An extension of electron acceptor sites around Thiazolothiazole unit for evaluation of large power conversion efficiency: A theoretical insight. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121610. [PMID: 35841860 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Small organic solar cells containing thiazolothiazole unit as an electron acceptor for solution processed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) small donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type materials have been designed and studied theoretically with state-of-the-art density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) for reliable estimation of their excited state and charge transfer photophysical characteristics for estimating their power conversion efficiencies. The suggested possible synthetic routes with complete reaction information have been also provided for synthesis. The electron acceptor sites around the thiazolothiazole unit have been enlarged by introducing different strong electron withdrawing groups and checked their effects on the voltages (VOC) and fill factor (FF) which are the two main parameters directly influences on power conversion efficiencies. Out of five theoretically studied molecules, the experimental reported data of TT-TTPA (Thiazolothiazole-thiaophene triphenyl amine) has been compared with four designed molecules and concluded that extension of acceptor sites significantly contributed towards the better charge transport properties of electron and hole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- Beijing National Laboratories for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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12
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Isoppo VG, Oliveira Rodrigues M, Rodembusch FS, Moro AV. 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole-based bis-silylated compounds: synthesis and use in the preparation of highly fluorescent low-contend organic-inorganic hybrid materials. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Li S, Zhan L, Li Y, He C, Zuo L, Shi M, Chen H. Achieving and Understanding of Highly Efficient Ternary Organic Photovoltaics: From Morphology and Energy Loss to Working Mechanism. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200828. [PMID: 35931458 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ternary strategy, adding an additional donor (D) or acceptor (A) into conventional binary D:A blend, has shown great potential in improving photovoltaic performances of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for practical applications. Herein, this review is presented on how efficient ternary OPVs are realized from the aspects of morphology, energy loss, and working mechanism. As to morphology, the role of third component on the formation of preferred alloy-like-phase and vertical-phase, which are driven by the miscibility tuning, is discussed. For energy loss, the effect of the third component on the luminescence enhancement and energetic disordering suppression, which lead to favorable increase of voltage, is presented. Regarding working mechanism, dilution effect and relationships between two acceptors or donor/acceptor, which explain the observed device parameters variations, are analyzed. Finally, some future directions concerning ternary OPVs are pointed out. Therefore, this review can provide a comprehensive understanding of working principles and effective routes for high-efficiency ternary systems, advancing the commercialization of OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yaokai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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14
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Bertrandie J, Han J, De Castro CSP, Yengel E, Gorenflot J, Anthopoulos T, Laquai F, Sharma A, Baran D. The Energy Level Conundrum of Organic Semiconductors in Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202575. [PMID: 35789000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The frontier molecular energy levels of organic semiconductors are decisive for their fundamental function and efficiency in optoelectronics. However, the precise determination of these energy levels and their variation when using different techniques makes it hard to compare and establish design rules. In this work, the energy levels of 33 organic semiconductors via cyclic voltammetry (CV), density functional theory, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and low-energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy are determined. Solar cells are fabricated to obtain key device parameters and relate them to the significant differences in the energy levels and offsets obtained from different methods. In contrast to CV, the photovoltaic gap measured using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) correlates well with the experimental device VOC . It is demonstrated that high-performing systems such as PM6:Y6 and WF3F:Y6, which are previously reported to have negligible ionization energy (IE) offsets (ΔIE), possess sizable ΔIE of ≈0.5 eV, determined by PES. Using various D-A blends, it is demonstrated that ΔIE plays a key role in charge generation. In contrast to earlier reports, it is shown that a vanishing ΔIE is detrimental to device performance. Overall, these findings establish a solid base for reliably evaluating material energetics and interpreting property-performance relationships in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Bertrandie
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianhua Han
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S P De Castro
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yengel
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Julien Gorenflot
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Anthopoulos
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Frederic Laquai
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Zhang G, Lin FR, Qi F, Heumüller T, Distler A, Egelhaaf HJ, Li N, Chow PCY, Brabec CJ, Jen AKY, Yip HL. Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14180-14274. [PMID: 35929847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have progressed steadily through three stages of photoactive materials development: (i) use of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-based acceptors (FAs) for optimizing bulk heterojunctions; (ii) development of new donors to better match with FAs; (iii) development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). The development and application of NFAs with an A-D-A configuration (where A = acceptor and D = donor) has enabled devices to have efficient charge generation and small energy losses (Eloss < 0.6 eV), resulting in substantially higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than FA-based devices. The discovery of Y6-type acceptors (Y6 = 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-e]-thieno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno-[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo-[3,2-g]thieno-[2',3':4,5]thieno-[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) with an A-DA' D-A configuration has further propelled the PCEs to go beyond 15% due to smaller Eloss values (∼0.5 eV) and higher external quantum efficiencies. Subsequently, the PCEs of Y6-series single-junction devices have increased to >19% and may soon approach 20%. This review provides an update of recent progress of OPV in the following aspects: developments of novel NFAs and donors, understanding of the structure-property relationships and underlying mechanisms of state-of-the-art OPVs, and tasks underpinning the commercialization of OPVs, such as device stability, module development, potential applications, and high-throughput manufacturing. Finally, an outlook and prospects section summarizes the remaining challenges for the further development of OPV technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Distler
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Liu X, Pang S, Zeng L, Deng W, Yang M, Yuan X, Li J, Duan C, Huang F, Cao Y. An electron acceptor featuring a B-N covalent bond and small singlet-triplet gap for organic solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8686-8689. [PMID: 35833246 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03172h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BNTT2F, an electron acceptor featuring a B-N covalent bond and singlet-triplet gap as low as 0.20 eV via the multiple resonance effect, is developed for organic solar cells. The optimized device based on BNTT2F offered an efficiency of 8.3%, suggesting the great prospect of B-N covalent bond-containing π-conjugated molecules for photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Shuting Pang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Liang Zeng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Mingqun Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Xiyue Yuan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Junyu Li
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, MB Eindhoven, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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17
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Yadagiri B, Narayanaswamy K, Sharma GD, Singh SP. Efficient Medium Bandgap Electron Acceptor Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Furan for Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18751-18763. [PMID: 35412303 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of novel medium bandgap nonfullerene small molecule acceptor NFSMA SPS-TDPP-2CNRh with A2-π-A1-π-A2 architecture, with the molecular engineering of this material comprising a strong electron-accepting backbone unit DPP (A1) as the acceptor, which is attached to the dicyanomethylene-3-hexylrhodanine (A2) acceptor via a furan (π-spacer) linker. We systematically studied its structural and optoelectronic properties. The incorporation of dicyanomethylene-3-hexylrhodanine and furan enhance the light absorption and electrochemical properties by extending π-conjugation and is anticipated to improve VOC by decreasing the LUMO level. The long alkyl chain units were responsible for the better solubility and aggregation of the resultant molecule. Binary BHJ-OSCs constructed with polymer P as the donor and SPS-TDPP-2CNRh as the acceptor resulted in a PCE of 11.49% with improved VOC = 0.98 V, JSC = 18.32 mA/cm2, and FF = 0.64 for P:SPS-TDPP-2CNRh organic solar cells. A ternary solar cell device was also made using Y18-DMO and SPS-TDPP-2CNRh as acceptors having complementary absorption profiles and polymer P as the donor, resulting in a PCE of 15.50% with improved JSC = 23.08 mA/cm2, FF = 0.73, and VOC = 0.92 V for the P:SPS-TDPP-2CNRh:Y18-DMO solar cell. The ternary OSCs with SPS-TDPP-2CNRh as the host acceptor in the P:Y18-DMO binary film were shown to have improved PCE values, which is mainly attributed to the effective photoinduced charge transfer through multiple networks and the use of excitons from SPS-TDPP-2CNRh and Y18-DMO. Moreover, in the ternary BHJ active layers, the superior stable charge transport that was observed compared to the binary counterparts may also lead to an increase in the fill factor. These results demonstrate that combining medium bandgap and narrow bandgap NFSMAs with a wide bandgap polymer donor is a successful route to increasing the overall PCE of the OSCs via the ternary BHJ concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bommaramoni Yadagiri
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Kamatham Narayanaswamy
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology (Deemed University), Jamdoli, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302031, India
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology (Deemed University), Jamdoli, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302031, India
| | - Surya Prakash Singh
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
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18
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Mapping the energy level alignment at donor/acceptor interfaces in non-fullerene organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2046. [PMID: 35440117 PMCID: PMC9018783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy level alignment (ELA) at donor (D) -acceptor (A) heterojunctions is essential for understanding the charge generation and recombination process in organic photovoltaic devices. However, the ELA at the D-A interfaces is largely underdetermined, resulting in debates on the fundamental operating mechanisms of high-efficiency non-fullerene organic solar cells. Here, we systematically investigate ELA and its depth-dependent variation of a range of donor/non-fullerene-acceptor interfaces by fabricating and characterizing D-A quasi bilayers and planar bilayers. In contrast to previous assumptions, we observe significant vacuum level (VL) shifts existing at the D-A interfaces, which are demonstrated to be abrupt, extending over only 1–2 layers at the heterojunctions, and are attributed to interface dipoles induced by D-A electrostatic potential differences. The VL shifts result in reduced interfacial energetic offsets and increased charge transfer (CT) state energies which reconcile the conflicting observations of large energy level offsets inferred from neat films and large CT energies of donor - non-fullerene-acceptor systems. Energy level alignment (ELA) at donor-acceptor heterojunctions is of vital importance yet largely undetermined in organic solar cells. Here, authors determine the heterojunction ELA with (mono) layer-by-layer precision to understand the co-existence of efficient charge.
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19
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Arshad M, Khalid M, Asad M, Braga AAC, Asiri AM, Alotaibi MM. Influence of Peripheral Modification of Electron Acceptors in Nonfullerene (O-IDTBR1)-Based Derivatives on Nonlinear Optical Response: DFT/TDDFT Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11631-11642. [PMID: 35449988 PMCID: PMC9017101 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene-based organic compounds have been reported as useful materials with some limitations; nonetheless, fullerene-free compounds are primarily considered to be the most substantial materials for the development of modern technology. Therefore, in this study, a series of compounds (NFBC2-NFBC7) having an A-π-D architecture were designed for the first time from a synthesized nonfullerene (O-IDTBR) compound by changing different acceptor groups. The synthesized nonfullerene (O-IDTBR1) compound and its designed derivatives were optimized with frequency analyses at the M06/6-311G(d,p) level. These optimized structures were further characterized by different quantum chemical approaches. The study required that the designed compounds possess a low energy gap in comparison to that of O-IDTBR1 (2.385 eV). Moreover, density of state (DOS) calculations supported the FMO analysis and displayed charge transfers from the HOMO to the LUMO in an effective manner. The λmax values of the investigated chromophores were observed to be greater than that of the reference compound. Amazingly, the highest amplitude of linear polarizability ⟨α⟩ and first (βtot) and second hyperpolarizability values were achieved by NFBC6 at 1956.433, 2155888.013, and 7.868 × 108 au, respectively, among all other derivatives. Effective NLO findings revealed that nonfullerene-based derivatives may contribute significantly to NLO technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Nadeem Arshad
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box
80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box
80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ataualpa A. C. Braga
- Departamento
de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box
80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M. Alotaibi
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
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20
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Xu J, Jo SB, Chen X, Zhou G, Zhang M, Shi X, Lin F, Zhu L, Hao T, Gao K, Zou Y, Su X, Feng W, Jen AKY, Zhang Y, Liu F. The Molecular Ordering and Double-Channel Carrier Generation of Nonfullerene Photovoltaics within Multi-Length-Scale Morphology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108317. [PMID: 35218262 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The success of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) solar cells lies in their unique physical properties beyond the extended absorption and suitable energy levels. The current study investigates the morphology and photophysical behavior of PBDB-T donor blending with ITIC, 4TIC, and 6TIC acceptors. Single-crystal study shows that the π-π stacking and side-chain interaction dictate molecular assembly, which can be carried to blended films, forming a multi-length-scale morphology. Spontaneous carrier generation is seen in ITIC, 4TIC, and 6TIC neat films and their blended thin films using the PBDB-T donor, providing a new avenue of zero-energy-loss carrier formation. The molecular packing associated with specific contacts and geometry is key in influencing the photophysics, as demonstrated by the charge transfer and carrier lifetime results. The 2D layer of 6TIC facilitates the exciton-to-polaron conversion, and the largest photogenerated polaron yield is obtained. The new mechanism, together with the highly efficient blending region carrier generation, has the prospect of the fundamental advantage for NFA solar cells, from molecular assembly to thin-film morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sae Byeok Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiankai Chen
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yecheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 256401, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 256401, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 256401, P. R. China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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21
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Liu W, Sun S, Zhou L, Cui Y, Zhang W, Hou J, Liu F, Xu S, Zhu X. Design of Near‐Infrared Nonfullerene Acceptor with Ultralow Nonradiative Voltage Loss for High‐Performance Semitransparent Ternary Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wuyue Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shaoming Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory Center for Advanced Quantum Studies Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory Center for Advanced Quantum Studies Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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22
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Song G, Huang Y, Huang F, Wan X, Li C, Yao Z, Chen Y, Hou Y. Spirocyclic side chain of a non-fullerene acceptor enables efficient organic solar cells with reduced recombination loss and energetic disorder. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6573-6582. [PMID: 35424631 PMCID: PMC8981562 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressing intramolecular vibration of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) by molecular rigidification has been proven to be an effective way to reduce the non-radiative recombination loss and energetic disorder of organic solar cells (OSCs). Thus far, extensive attention has been drawn on rigidifying the fused-ring backbones of NFAs, whereas the highly flexible alkyl side chains are barely concerned. Herein, an effective strategy of side chain rigidification by introducing a spiro-ring is developed for the first time and applied to construct the NFA of Spiro-F. Compared to its counterpart F-2F, the rigid spirocyclic side chain can constrain the vibrational–rotational motion and control the orientation of two highly flexible n-octyl chains effectively. As a result, an optimal molecular packing with enhanced intermolecular actions and lower energetic disorder is achieved by Spiro-F, endowing the OSC based on the as cast blend of PM6:Spiro-F with a significantly improved PCE of 13.56% and much reduced recombination loss compared to that of PM6:F-2F. This work provides a feasible strategy to achieve efficient OSCs through the rigidification of the side chain and could boost the PCEs further if applied to some other efficient systems with smaller bandgaps. Suppressing intramolecular vibration of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) by molecular rigidification has been proven to be an effective way to reduce the non-radiative recombination loss and energetic disorder of organic solar cells (OSCs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangkun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yuzhong Huang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fangfang Huang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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23
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Liu W, Sun S, Zhou L, Cui Y, Zhang W, Hou J, Liu F, Xu S, Zhu X. Design of Near-Infrared Nonfullerene Acceptor with Ultralow Nonradiative Voltage Loss for High-Performance Semitransparent Ternary Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202116111. [PMID: 34962046 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) are considered as one of the most valuable applications of OSCs and a strong contender in the market. However, the optical bandgap of current high-performance ST-OSCs is still not low enough to achieve the optimal balance between power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance (AVT). An N- substituted asymmetric nonfullerene acceptor SN with over 40 nm bathochromically shifted absorption compared to Y6 was designed and synthesized, based on which the device with PM6 as donor obtained a PCE of 14.3%, accompanied with a nonradiative voltage loss as low as 0.15 eV. Meanwhile, ternary devices with the addition of SN into PM6:Y6 can achieve a PCE of 17.5% with an unchanged open-circuit voltage and improved short-circuit current. Benefiting from extended NIR absorption and lowered voltage loss, ST-OSCs based on PM6:SN:Y6 were fabricated and the optimized device demonstrated a PCE of 14.0% at an AVT of 20.2%, which is the highest PCE at an AVT over 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyue Liu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CHINA
| | - Shaoming Sun
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CHINA
| | - Liang Zhou
- Beijing Normal University, Department of Physics, CHINA
| | - Yong Cui
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Beijing Normal University, Department of Physics, CHINA
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Feng Liu
- Shanxi University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Shengjie Xu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CHINA
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Haidi, 100190, Beijing, CHINA
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24
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Jain N, Sharma R, Mahesh S, Moghe D, Snaith HJ, Yoo S, Kabra D. Role of Electronic States and Their Coupling on Radiative Losses of Open-Circuit Voltage in Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60279-60287. [PMID: 34881882 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Voltage losses (ΔVOC) are a crucial limitation for the performance of excitonic organic solar cells (OSCs) and can be estimated by two approaches─the radiative limit and the Marcus charge-transfer (MCT) model. In this work, we show that combining the radiative limit and MCT models for voltage loss calculations provides useful insights into the physics of emerging efficient OSCs. We studied nine different donor-acceptor systems, wherein the power conversion efficiency ranges from 4.4 to 14.1% and ΔVOC varies from 0.55 to 0.95 V. For these state-of-the-art devices, we calculated the ΔVOC using the radiative limit and the MCT model. Furthermore, we combined both models to derive new insights on the origin of radiative voltage losses (ΔVrad) in OSCs. We quantified the contribution in ΔVrad due to the bulk intramolecular (S1) disorder and interfacial intermolecular (CT) disorder by revisiting the spectral regions of interest for OSCs. Our findings are in agreement with the expected relationship of VOC with Urbach energy (EU), which suggests that the low EU is beneficial for reduced losses. However, unprecedentedly, we also identify a universal, almost linear relationship between the interfacial disorder (λ) and ΔVrad. We believe that these results can be exploited by the organic photovoltaic (OPV) community for the design of new molecules and a combination of donor-acceptors to further improve OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Jain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ramakant Sharma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST), Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Suhas Mahesh
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Dhanashree Moghe
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST), Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Kabra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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25
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Radford CL, Kelly TL. Controlling solid-state structure and film morphology in non-fullerene organic photovoltaic devices. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have long promised to provide renewable energy in a scalable, cost-effective way; however, for years, their relatively low efficiency has been a significant barrier to commercialization. Recent progress on cell efficiency means that OSCs are now much more competitive with other established technologies. These key advancements have come from better understanding and controlling the molecular structure, solid-state packing, and film morphology of the light absorbing layer. This focused review will explore the different ways that the solid-state structure and film morphology of the light absorbing layer can be controlled. It will examine the key features of an efficient light absorbing layer and present guiding principles for creating efficient OSCs. The future directions and remaining research questions of this field will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase L. Radford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Timothy L. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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26
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Schweda B, Reinfelds M, Hofstadler P, Trimmel G, Rath T. Recent Progress in the Design of Fused-Ring Non-Fullerene Acceptors-Relations between Molecular Structure and Optical, Electronic, and Photovoltaic Properties. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:11899-11981. [PMID: 35856015 PMCID: PMC9286321 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are on the dawn of the next era. The change of focus toward non-fullerene acceptors has introduced an enormous amount of organic n-type materials and has drastically increased the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics, now exceeding 18%, a value that was believed to be unreachable some years ago. In this Review, we summarize the recent progress in the design of ladder-type fused-ring non-fullerene acceptors in the years 2018-2020. We thereby concentrate on single layer heterojunction solar cells and omit tandem architectures as well as ternary solar cells. By analyzing more than 700 structures, we highlight the basic design principles and their influence on the optical and electrical structure of the acceptor molecules and review their photovoltaic performance obtained so far. This Review should give an extensive overview of the plenitude of acceptor motifs but will also help to understand which structures and strategies are beneficial for designing materials for highly efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells.
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27
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Li T, Wang K, Cai G, Li Y, Liu H, Jia Y, Zhang Z, Lu X, Yang Y, Lin Y. Asymmetric Glycolated Substitution for Enhanced Permittivity and Ecocompatibility of High-Performance Photovoltaic Electron Acceptor. JACS AU 2021; 1:1733-1742. [PMID: 34723276 PMCID: PMC8549046 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Traditional organic photovoltaic materials exhibit low dielectric constants (εr) of 3 to 4, restricting the further enhancement of power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein we design and synthesize a fused-ring electron acceptor named Y6-4O through introducing an asymmetric highly polarizable oligo(ethylene glycol) side chain onto the pyrrole unit of Y6. Compared with alkylated Y6 (εr = 3.36), asymmetric glycolated Y6-4O shows a notably higher εr value of 5.13 and better solubility in nonhalogen solvents. Because of the higher εr value, the devices based on as-cast PM6:Y6-4O processed using toluene exhibit a higher charge separation yield, slower bimolecular recombination kinetics, and less voltage loss relative to the control devices based on PM6:Y6. Consequently, a high PCE of 15.2% is achieved for PM6:Y6-4O-based devices, whereas the PM6:Y6-based devices show PCEs of only 7.38%. 15.2% is the highest PCE for the as-cast nonhalogenated processed OSC devices, and it is also much higher than the values (<8.5%) reported for OSCs based on high-permittivity (εr > 5) organic photovoltaic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guilong Cai
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yixiao Jia
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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28
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Griffith KJ, Ding F, Flynn S. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance of spin-9/2 nuclei 115 In and 209 Bi in functional inorganic complex oxides. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:1077-1088. [PMID: 34081358 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Indium and bismuth are technologically important elements, in particular as oxides for optoelectronic applications. 115 In and 209 Bi are both I = 9/2 nuclei with high natural abundances and moderately high frequencies but large nuclear electric quadrupole moments. Leveraging the quadrupolar interaction as a measure of local symmetry and polyhedral distortions for these nuclei could provide powerful insights on a range of applied materials. However, the absence of reported nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters on these nuclei, particularly in oxides, hinders their use by the broader materials community. In this contribution, solid-state 115 In and 209 Bi NMR of three recently discovered quaternary bismuth or indium oxides are reported, supported by density functional theory calculations, numerical simulations, diffraction and additional multinuclear (27 Al, 69,71 Ga, and 121 Sb) solid-state NMR measurements. The compounds LiIn2 SbO6 , BiAlTeO6 , and BiGaTeO6 are measured without special equipment at 9.4 T, demonstrating that wideline techniques such as the QCPMG pulse sequence and frequency-stepped acquisition can enable straightforward extraction of quadrupolar tensor information in I = 9/2 115 In and 209 Bi even in sites with large quadrupolar coupling constants. Relationships are described between the NMR observables and local site symmetry. These are amongst the first reports of the NMR parameters of 115 In, 121 Sb, and 209 Bi in oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent J Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Fenghua Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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29
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Liu F, Zhou L, Liu W, Zhou Z, Yue Q, Zheng W, Sun R, Liu W, Xu S, Fan H, Feng L, Yi Y, Zhang W, Zhu X. Organic Solar Cells with 18% Efficiency Enabled by an Alloy Acceptor: A Two-in-One Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100830. [PMID: 34048104 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The trade-off between the open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and short-circuit current density (Jsc ) has become the core of current organic photovoltaic research, and realizing the minimum energy offsets that can guarantee effective charge generation is strongly desired for high-performance systems. Herein, a high-performance ternary solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of over 18% using a large-bandgap polymer donor, PM6, and a small-bandgap alloy acceptor containing two structurally similar nonfullerene acceptors (Y6 and AQx-3) is reported. This system can take full advantage of solar irradiation and forms a favorable morphology. By varying the ratio of the two acceptors, delicate regulation of the energy levels of the alloy acceptor is achieved, thereby affecting the charge dynamics in the devices. The optimal ternary device exhibits more efficient hole transfer and exciton separation than the PM6:AQx-3-based system and reduced energy loss compared with the PM6:Y6-based system, contributing to better performance. Such a "two-in-one" alloy strategy, which synergizes two highly compatible acceptors, provides a promising path for boosting the photovoltaic performance of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zichun Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qihui Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ri Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Wuyue Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Liheng Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Karuthedath S, Gorenflot J, Firdaus Y, Chaturvedi N, De Castro CSP, Harrison GT, Khan JI, Markina A, Balawi AH, Peña TAD, Liu W, Liang RZ, Sharma A, Paleti SHK, Zhang W, Lin Y, Alarousu E, Lopatin S, Anjum DH, Beaujuge PM, De Wolf S, McCulloch I, Anthopoulos TD, Baran D, Andrienko D, Laquai F. Intrinsic efficiency limits in low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptor organic solar cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:378-384. [PMID: 33106652 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) both the electron affinity (EA) and ionization energy (IE) offsets at the donor-acceptor interface should equally control exciton dissociation. Here, we demonstrate that in low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) BHJs ultrafast donor-to-acceptor energy transfer precedes hole transfer from the acceptor to the donor and thus renders the EA offset virtually unimportant. Moreover, sizeable bulk IE offsets of about 0.5 eV are needed for efficient charge transfer and high internal quantum efficiencies, since energy level bending at the donor-NFA interface caused by the acceptors' quadrupole moments prevents efficient exciton-to-charge-transfer state conversion at low IE offsets. The same bending, however, is the origin of the barrier-less charge transfer state to free charge conversion. Our results provide a comprehensive picture of the photophysics of NFA-based blends, and show that sizeable bulk IE offsets are essential to design efficient BHJ OSCs based on low-bandgap NFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safakath Karuthedath
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Julien Gorenflot
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Neha Chaturvedi
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S P De Castro
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - George T Harrison
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jafar I Khan
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed H Balawi
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ru-Ze Liang
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sri H K Paleti
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Weimin Zhang
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuanbao Lin
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Erkki Alarousu
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergei Lopatin
- Imaging and Characterization Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalaver H Anjum
- Imaging and Characterization Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre M Beaujuge
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iain McCulloch
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Ren Y, Li MY, Song YX, Sui MY, Sun GY, Qu XC, Xie P, Lu JL. Refined standards for simulating UV–vis absorption spectra of acceptors in organic solar cells by TD-DFT. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Jia Z, Chen Z, Chen X, Bai L, Zhu H, Yang YM. Understanding of the Nearly Linear Tunable Open-Circuit Voltages in Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on Two Non-fullerene Acceptors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:151-156. [PMID: 33320004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the state-of-the-art organic solar cells (OSCs) have exceeded 17%, the organic photovoltaic devices still suffer from considerable voltage losses compared with the inorganic or perovskite solar cells. Therefore, the optimization of open-circuit voltage (VOC) is of great significance for the improvement of the photovoltaic performance of OSCs. The origins of VOC have been well-established in the binary system; however, the understanding of VOC in non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based ternary OSCs is still lacking. Herein, we have developed a series of ternary organic photovoltaic devices, exhibiting nearly linear increased VOC as the increase of ITIC third content. We found that both the effective charge-transfer (CT) states and the nonradiative recombination losses of the bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) are altered in the ternary blends, and they collectively contribute to the tunable VOC. Our results provide a perspective for understanding the origin of VOC in NFA-based ternary OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Lizhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Yang Michael Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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33
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Benzothiadiazole-based Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Bai Y, Xue LW, Wang HQ, Zhang ZG. Research Advances on Benzotriazole-based Organic Photovoltaic Materials. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21050193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Kolaczkowski MA, Garzón-Ruiz A, Patel A, Zhao Z, Guo Y, Navarro A, Liu Y. Design and Synthesis of Annulated Benzothiadiazoles via Dithiolate Formation for Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53328-53341. [PMID: 33170629 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Substituted 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) is a widely used electron acceptor unit for functional organic semiconductors. Difluorination or annulation on the 5,6-position of the benzene ring is among the most adapted chemical modifications to tune the electronic properties, though each sees its own limitations in regulating the frontier orbital levels. Herein, a hitherto unreported 5,6-annulated BTD acceptor, denoted as ssBTD, is designed and synthesized by incorporating an electron-withdrawing 2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)malononitrile moiety via aromatic nucleophilic substitution of the 5,6-difluoroBTD (ffBTD) precursor. Unlike the other reported BTD annulation strategies, this modification leads to the simultaneous decrease in both frontier orbital energies, a welcoming feature for photovoltaic applications. Incorporation of ssBTD into conjugated polymers results in materials boasting broad light absorption, dramatic solvatochromic and thermochromic responses (>100 nm shift and a band gap difference of ∼0.28 eV), and improved crystallinity in the solid state. Such physical properties are in accordance with the combined electron-withdrawing effect and significantly increased polarity associated with the ssBTD unit, as revealed by detailed theoretical studies. Furthermore, the thiolated ssBTD imbues the polymer with ambipolar charge transport property, in contrast to the ffBTD-based polymer, which transports holes only. While the low mobilities (10-4 to 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1) could be further optimized, detailed studies validate that the thioannulated BTD is a versatile electron-accepting unit for the design of functional stimuli-responsive optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Kolaczkowski
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrés Garzón-Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cronista Francisco Ballesteros Gómez, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Akash Patel
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Amparo Navarro
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Ma S, Wu S, Zhang J, Song Y, Tang H, Zhang K, Huang F, Cao Y. Heptacyclic S,N-Heteroacene-Based Near-Infrared Nonfullerene Acceptor Enables High-Performance Organic Solar Cells with Small Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital Offsets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:51776-51784. [PMID: 33156597 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of energy offsets between donors and acceptors is a direct way to improve the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and overall performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, two nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) (BDTBO-4F and BDTBO-4Cl) were synthesized, which were composed of a heptacyclic S,N-heteroacene core and terminal units with halogen atoms, where the latter modulates the energy level of the frontier molecular orbital. Consequently, BDTBO-4Cl exhibited a deeper highest occupied molecular orbital level (EHOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level (ELUMO) than BDTBO-4F. Moreover, these two NFAs exhibited high electron mobility and strong absorption at 700-900 nm. The polymer donor PM6 was combined with BDTBO-4F and BDTBO-4Cl, and the resulting OSCs exhibited outstanding power conversion efficiencies of 14.83% for the PM6:BDTBO-4F device and 13.87% for the PM6:BDTBO-4Cl device. More encouragingly, these OSCs exhibited efficient hole transfer from NFAs to PM6, despite small ΔEHOMO(D-A) values (<0.10 eV). These results prove that modulation of EHOMO of acceptors to decrease ΔEHOMO(D-A) is an efficient strategy for high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Song
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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37
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Hinrichsen TF, Chan CCS, Ma C, Paleček D, Gillett A, Chen S, Zou X, Zhang G, Yip HL, Wong KS, Friend RH, Yan H, Rao A, Chow PCY. Long-lived and disorder-free charge transfer states enable endothermic charge separation in efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5617. [PMID: 33154367 PMCID: PMC7645751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors can show high charge generation yields despite near-zero donor–acceptor energy offsets to drive charge separation and overcome the mutual Coulomb attraction between electron and hole. Here, we use time-resolved optical spectroscopy to show that free charges in these systems are generated by thermally activated dissociation of interfacial charge-transfer states that occurs over hundreds of picoseconds at room temperature, three orders of magnitude slower than comparable fullerene-based systems. Upon free electron–hole encounters at later times, both charge-transfer states and emissive excitons are regenerated, thus setting up an equilibrium between excitons, charge-transfer states and free charges. Our results suggest that the formation of long-lived and disorder-free charge-transfer states in these systems enables them to operate closely to quasi-thermodynamic conditions with no requirement for energy offsets to drive interfacial charge separation and achieve suppressed non-radiative recombination. Designing efficient organic solar cells is limited by the energy required to overcome the mutual Coulomb attraction between electron and hole. Here, the authors reveal long-lived and disorder-free charge-transfer states enable efficient endothermic charge separation in non-fullerene systems with marginal energy offset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ture F Hinrichsen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Christopher C S Chan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Paleček
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alexander Gillett
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Shangshang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinhui Zou
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guichuan Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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38
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Zarrabi N, Sandberg OJ, Zeiske S, Li W, Riley DB, Meredith P, Armin A. Charge-generating mid-gap trap states define the thermodynamic limit of organic photovoltaic devices. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5567. [PMID: 33149193 PMCID: PMC7642445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed balance is a cornerstone of our understanding of artificial light-harvesting systems. For next generation organic solar cells, this involves intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) states whose energies set the maximum open circuit voltage VOC. We have directly observed sub-gap states significantly lower in energy than the CT states in the external quantum efficiency spectra of a significant number of organic semiconductor blends. Taking these states into account and using the principle of reciprocity between emission and absorption results in non-physical radiative limits for the VOC. We propose and provide compelling evidence for these states being non-equilibrium mid-gap traps which contribute to photocurrent by a non-linear process of optical release, upconverting them to the CT state. This motivates the implementation of a two-diode model which is often used in emissive inorganic semiconductors. The model accurately describes the dark current, VOC and the long-debated ideality factor in organic solar cells. Additionally, the charge-generating mid-gap traps have important consequences for our current understanding of both solar cells and photodiodes - in the latter case defining a detectivity limit several orders of magnitude lower than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Zarrabi
- Sustainable Advanced Materials Programme (Sêr SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Oskar J Sandberg
- Sustainable Advanced Materials Programme (Sêr SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefan Zeiske
- Sustainable Advanced Materials Programme (Sêr SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Li
- Sustainable Advanced Materials Programme (Sêr SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Drew B Riley
- Sustainable Advanced Materials Programme (Sêr SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Meredith
- Sustainable Advanced Materials Programme (Sêr SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Sustainable Advanced Materials Programme (Sêr SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
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39
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Cai G, Zhang Y, Lu X, Lin Y. Selenium Heterocyclic Electron Acceptor with Small Urbach Energy for As-Cast High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18741-18745. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guilong Cai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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40
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Cai Y, Zhang H, Ye L, Zhang R, Xu J, Zhang K, Bi P, Li T, Weng K, Xu K, Xia J, Bao Q, Liu F, Hao X, Tan S, Gao F, Zhan X, Sun Y. Effect of the Energy Offset on the Charge Dynamics in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:43984-43991. [PMID: 32885945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The energy offset, considered as the driving force for charge transfer between organic molecules, has significant effects on both charge separation and charge recombination in organic solar cells. Herein, we designed material systems with gradually shifting energy offsets, including both positive and negative values. Time-resolved spectroscopy was used to monitor the charge dynamics within the bulk heterojunction. It is striking to find that there is still charge transfer and charge generation when the energy offset reached -0.10 eV (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy data). This work not only indicates the feasibility of the free carrier generation and the following charge separation under the condition of a negative offset but also elucidates the relationship between the charge transfer and the energy offset in the case of polymer chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Cai
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Huotian Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Linglong Ye
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Jinqiu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kangning Zhang
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Pengqing Bi
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Qinye Bao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Songting Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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41
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Bassi MDJ, Benatto L, Wouk L, Holakoei S, Oliveira CK, Rocco MLM, Roman LS. Correlation between structural and optical characteristics of conjugated copolymers differing by a Si bridge atom. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19923-19931. [PMID: 32856622 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02520h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate two copolymers as electron donors in photovoltaic devices, PFO-DBT (poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole]) and its analogue with Si, PSiF-DBT (poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-dibenzosilole)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole]). The results discussed here are related to the influence of heavy atoms on the electrical and morphological properties of the devices. Charge transfer dynamics in the polymeric films were evaluated using the core-hole clock method. Besides that, using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods, we investigate the electronic structure and charge transfer properties of the two systems. The charge transfer rates were estimated in the framework of the semiclassical Marcus/Hush theory. We found that the better stacking between the polymer chains for PSiF-DBT provides higher solar absorption capacity in regions of higher wavelengths and faster hole transfer rates. We also obtain a faster electron transfer rate at the PSiF-DBT/C60 interface compared to the PFO-DBT/C60 interface that is mainly related to the difference in the driving force between the two systems. These features help to explain why the organic photovoltaic devices using PSiF-DBT as the active layer exhibited a higher performance compared to devices using PFO-DBT. Here, we show that our results are able to provide important insights about the parameters that can influence the photovoltaic performance of the devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara de Jesus Bassi
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil.
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42
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Yue Q, Liu W, Zhu X. n-Type Molecular Photovoltaic Materials: Design Strategies and Device Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11613-11628. [PMID: 32460485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of photovoltaic technologies has been regarded as a promising approach for converting solar energy to electricity and mitigating the energy crisis, and among these, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted broad interest because of their solution processability, flexibility, light weight, and potential for large-area processing. The development of OPV materials, especially electron acceptors, has been one of the focuses in recent years. Compared with fullerene derivates, n-type non-fullerene molecules have some unique merits, such as synthetic simplicity, high tunability of the absorption and energy levels, and small energy loss. In the last 5 years, organic solar cells based on n-type non-fullerene molecules have achieved a significant breakthrough in the power conversion efficiency from approximately 4% to over 17%, which is superior to those of fullerene-based solar cells; meanwhile, n-type non-fullerene molecules have created brand new opportunities for the application of OPVs in some special situations. This Perspective analyzes the key design strategies of high-performance n-type molecular photovoltaic materials and highlights instructive examples of their various applications, including in ternary and tandem solar cells, high-efficiency semitransparent solar cells for power-generating building facades and windows, and indoor photovoltaics for driving low-power-consumption devices. Moreover, to accelerate the pace toward commercialization of OPVs, the existing challenges and future directions are also reviewed from the perspectives of efficiency, stability, and large-area fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wuyue Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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43
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Akaike K. Distributions of Potential and Contact-Induced Charges in Conventional Organic Photovoltaics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2411. [PMID: 32456312 PMCID: PMC7288283 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interfaces of dissimilar materials play central roles in photophysical events in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Depth profiles of electrostatic potential and contact-induced charges determine the energy-level lineup of the frontier orbitals at electrode/organic and organic heterointerfaces. They are critical for the elementary processes in an OPV cell, such as generation and diffusion of free carriers. A simple electrostatic model describes the energetics in organic heterojunctions supported by an electrode, and experiments via photoelectron spectroscopy and the Kelvin probe method validate the potential distribution in the stacking direction of the device. A comparative study has clarified the significance of Fermi-level pinning and resulting electrostatic fields in determining the energy-level alignment. In this review, we discuss how parameters of device constituents affect the distributions of potential and the dark charges in conventional OPVs comprising metallophthalocyanine and C60 as donor and acceptor, respectively. The results of previous studies, together with additional numerical simulations, suggest that a number of the factors influence the depth profiles of the dark charge and potential, such as the work function of bottom materials, layer thickness, structural inhomogeneity at interfaces, top electrode, and stacking sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Akaike
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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44
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Chen Z, Chen X, Qiu B, Zhou G, Jia Z, Tao W, Li Y, Yang YM, Zhu H. Ultrafast Hole Transfer and Carrier Transport Controlled by Nanoscale-Phase Morphology in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3226-3233. [PMID: 32259443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have attracted great attention in high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). While the effect of molecular properties including structures and energetics on charge transfer has been extensively investigated, the effect of macroscopic-phase properties is yet to be revealed. Here we have performed a correlation study of the nanoscale-phase morphology on the photoexcited hole transfer (HT) process and photovoltaic performance by combining ultrafast spectroscopy with high temporal resolution and photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM) with high spatial and chemical resolution. In PM6/IT-4F, we observe biphasic HT behavior with a minor ultrafast (<100 fs) interfacial process and a major diffusion-mediated HT process until ∼100 ps, which depends strongly on phase segregation. Because of the interplay between charge transfer and transport, a compromised domain size of 20-30 nm for NFAs shows the best performance. This study highlights the critical role of phase morphology in high-efficiency OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beibei Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | | | | | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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45
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Pang S, Zhou X, Zhang S, Tang H, Dhakal S, Gu X, Duan C, Huang F, Cao Y. Nonfused Nonfullerene Acceptors with an A-D-A'-D-A Framework and a Benzothiadiazole Core for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:16531-16540. [PMID: 32192336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have contributed significantly to the progress of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, most NFAs feature a large fused-ring backbone, which usually requires a tedious multiple-step synthesis, and are not applicable to commercial applications. An alternative strategy is to develop nonfused NFAs, which possess synthetic simplicity and facile tunability in optoelectronic properties and solid-state microstructures. In this work, we report two nonfused NFAs, BTCIC and BTCIC-4Cl, based on an A-D-A'-D-A architecture, which possess the same electron-deficient benzothiadiazole central core but different electron-withdrawing terminal groups. The optical properties, energy levels, and molecular crystallinities were finely tuned by changing the terminal groups. Moreover, a decent power conversion efficiency of 9.3 and 10.5% has been achieved by BTCIC and BTCIC-4Cl, respectively, by blending them with an appropriate polymer donor. These results demonstrate the potential of A-D-A'-D-A type nonfused NFAs for high-performance OSCs. Further development of nonfused NFAs will be very fruitful by employing appropriate building blocks and via side-chain optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Pang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Sujata Dhakal
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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46
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Tu Z, Han G, Yi Y. Barrier-Free Charge Separation Enabled by Electronic Polarization in High-Efficiency Non-fullerene Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2585-2591. [PMID: 32163716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The separation of charge-transfer states into free charges at the donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces plays a central role in organic solar cells (OSCs). Because of strong Coulomb attraction, the separation mechanisms are elusive, particularly for the high-efficiency non-fullerene (NF) OSCs with low exciton-dissociation driving forces. Here, we demonstrate that the Coulomb barriers can be substantially overcome by electronic polarization for OSCs based on a series of A-D-A acceptors (ITIC, IT-4F, and Y6). In contrast to fullerene-based D/A heterojunctions, the polarization energies for both donor holes and acceptor electrons are remarkably increased from the interfaces to pure regions in the NF heterojunctions because of strong stabilization on electrons but destabilization on holes by electrostatic interactions in the A-D-A acceptors. In particular, upon incorporation of fluorine substituents and electron-poor cores into ITIC, the increased polarization energies can completely compensate for the Coulomb attraction in the IT-4F- and Y6-based heterojunctions, leading to barrierless charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Tu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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47
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Song Y, Schubert A, Liu X, Bhandari S, Forrest SR, Dunietz BD, Geva E, Ogilvie JP. Efficient Charge Generation via Hole Transfer in Dilute Organic Donor-Fullerene Blends. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2203-2210. [PMID: 32031813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient organic photovoltaics (OPVs) require broadband charge photogeneration with near-unity quantum yield. This can only be achieved by exploiting all pathways that generate charge. Electron transfer from organic donors to acceptors has been well-studied and is considered the primary path to charge photogeneration in OPVs. In contrast, much less is known about the hole transfer pathway. Here we study charge photogeneration in an archetypal system comprising tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene:C70 blends using our recently developed multispectral two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (M-2DES), supported by time-dependent density functional theory and fully quantum-mechanical Fermi's golden rule rate calculations. Our approach identifies in real time two rapid charge transfer pathways that are confirmed through computational analysis. Surprisingly, we find that both electron and hole transfer occur with comparable rates and efficiencies, facilitated by donor-acceptor electronic interactions. Our results highlight the importance of the hole transfer pathway for optimizing the efficiency of OPV devices employing small-molecule heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Song
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alexander Schubert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Srijana Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Stephen R Forrest
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Barry D Dunietz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Eitan Geva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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48
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Sun C, Qin S, Wang R, Chen S, Pan F, Qiu B, Shang Z, Meng L, Zhang C, Xiao M, Yang C, Li Y. High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells with Efficient Hole Transfer at Zero Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital Offset between Methylated Polymer Donor and Brominated Acceptor. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1465-1474. [PMID: 31904234 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Achieving efficient charge transfer at small frontier molecular orbital offsets between donor and acceptor is crucial for high performance polymer solar cells (PSCs). Here we synthesize a new wide band gap polymer donor, PTQ11, and a new low band gap acceptor, TPT10, and report a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) PSC (PCE = 16.32%) based on PTQ11-TPT10 with zero HOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital) offset (ΔEHOMO(D-A)). TPT10 is a derivative of Y6 with monobromine instead of bifluorine substitution, and possesses upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level (ELUMO) of -3.99 eV and EHOMO of -5.52 eV than Y6. PTQ11 is a derivative of low cost polymer donor PTQ10 with methyl substituent on its quinoxaline unit and shows upshifted EHOMO of -5.52 eV, stronger molecular crystallization, and better hole transport capability in comparison with PTQ10. The PSC based on PTQ11-TPT10 shows highly efficient exciton dissociation and hole transfer, so that it demonstrates a high PCE of 16.32% with a higher Voc of 0.88 V, a large Jsc of 24.79 mA cm-2, and a high FF of 74.8%, despite the zero ΔEHOMO(D-A) value between donor PTQ11 and acceptor TPT10. The PCE of 16.32% is one of the highest efficiencies in the PSCs. The results prove the feasibility of efficient hole transfer and high efficiency for the PSCs with zero ΔEHOMO(D-A), which is highly valuable for understanding the charge transfer process and achieving high PCE of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shucheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798 , Republic of Korea
| | - Fei Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Beibei Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ziya Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
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49
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Zhang L, Deng W, Wu B, Ye L, Sun X, Wang Z, Gao K, Wu H, Duan C, Huang F, Cao Y. Reduced Energy Loss in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells with Isomeric Donor Polymers Containing Thiazole π-Spacers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:753-762. [PMID: 31808333 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large energy loss is one of the key factors that limit the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, we report reduced energy losses of OSCs via introducing thiazole π-spacers with different orientations to replace the thiophene π-spacers of the prototype polymer PBDB-T. The newly formed thiazole-containing isomeric polymers, PBDBTz-2 and PBDBTz-5, exhibited blue-shifted absorption and deeper lying energy levels compared to PBDB-T. When blended with IT-4F, the two polymers realized PCEs of 10.4% for PBDBTz-2 and 9.6% for PBDBTz-5, respectively, which were higher than that of PBDB-T (PCE = 9.3%). More critically, considerable open-circuit voltage (Voc) enhancements were achieved by PBDBTz-2 and PBDBTz-5, which were 0.14 and 0.21 V higher than that of PBDB-T. A detailed analysis showed that the reduced energy loss resulted from the lower radiative recombination below the band gap and nonradiative recombination loss. This study demonstrated that the introduction of thiazole π-spacers with different orientations is effective to reduce the energy losses of OSCs, which provided valuable inspirations for the development of new conjugated polymers to the efficiency breakthrough of OSCs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Baoqi Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL) , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
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50
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Ma L, Zhang S, Wang J, Xu Y, Hou J. Recent advances in non-fullerene organic solar cells: from lab to fab. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14337-14352. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05528j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The key factors for OSC materials toward application mainly include high performance, thickness tolerance, low cost, simple fabrication processing, high stability, and an environmentally-friendly nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ye Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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