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Cui J, Du L, Meng Z, Gao J, Tan A, Jin X, Zhu X. Ingenious Structure Engineering to Enhance Piezoelectricity in Poly(vinylidene fluoride) for Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 39129463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The future development of wearable/implantable sensing and medical devices relies on substrates with excellent flexibility, stability, biocompatibility, and self-powered capabilities. Enhancing the energy efficiency and convenience is crucial, and converting external mechanical energy into electrical energy is a promising strategy for long-term advancement. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), known for its piezoelectricity, is an outstanding representative of an electroactive polymer. Ingeniously designed PVDF-based polymers have been fabricated as piezoelectric devices for various applications. Notably, the piezoelectric performance of PVDF-based platforms is determined by their structural characteristics at different scales. This Review highlights how researchers can strategically engineer structures on microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales. We discuss advanced research on PVDF-based piezoelectric platforms with diverse structural designs in biomedical sensing, disease diagnosis, and treatment. Ultimately, we try to give perspectives for future development trends of PVDF-based piezoelectric platforms in biomedicine, providing valuable insights for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Joint Research and Development Center of Fluorine Materials of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huayi 3F, 1391 Humin Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Du
- Shanghai Huayi 3F New Materials Co., Ltd., No. 560 Xujiahui Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
- Joint Research and Development Center of Fluorine Materials of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huayi 3F, 1391 Humin Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiheng Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Anning Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Joint Research and Development Center of Fluorine Materials of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huayi 3F, 1391 Humin Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Joint Research and Development Center of Fluorine Materials of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huayi 3F, 1391 Humin Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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2
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Park H, Kim D, Kim S, Na M, Kim Y, Sim K. Chemically and physically enhanced adhesion for robust interfaces in all-soft vertical organic photodetectors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39119713 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
We report all-soft vertical organic photodetectors composed of only soft components. Chemically and physically enhanced interfacial adhesion between layers enables robust operation under mechanical deformation. Their excellent light-sensing capability and deformable features, combined with powerless operation, promise significant advancements in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haechan Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sehyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeonghyeon Na
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoseung Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- X-Dynamic Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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3
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Li X, Sabir A, Zhang X, Jiang H, Wang W, Zheng X, Yang H. Highly Stretchable and Oriented Wafer-Scale Semiconductor Films for Organic Phototransistor Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36678-36687. [PMID: 38966894 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable organic phototransistor arrays have potential applications in artificial visual systems due to their capacity to perceive ultraweak light across a broad spectrum. Ensuring uniform mechanical and electrical performance of individual devices within these arrays requires semiconductor films with large-area scale, well-defined orientation, and stretchability. However, the progress of stretchable phototransistors is primarily impeded by their limited electrical properties and photodetection capabilities. Herein, wafer-scale and well-oriented semiconductor films were successfully prepared using a solution shearing process. The electrical properties and photodetection capabilities were optimized by improving the polymer chain alignment. Furthermore, a stretchable 10 × 10 transistor array with high device uniformity was fabricated, demonstrating excellent mechanical robustness and photosensitive imaging ability. These arrays based on highly stretchable and well-oriented wafer-scale semiconductor films have great application potential in the field of electronic eye and artificial visual systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ayesha Sabir
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinran Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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4
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Zhao X, Liu M, Wang J, Yang K, Zhang H, Jeong SY, Ma X, Woo HY, Zhang F. Dual-Band Photomultiplication-Type Organic Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Signal-to-Noise Ratios. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35400-35409. [PMID: 38917455 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A series of dual-band photomultiplication (PM)-type organic photodetectors (OPDs) were fabricated by employing a donor(s)/acceptor (100:1, wt/wt) mixed layer and an ultrathin Y6 layer as the active layers, as well as by using PNDIT-F3N as an interfacial layer near the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The dual-band PM-type OPDs exhibit the response range of 330-650 nm under forward bias and the response range of 650-850 nm under reverse bias. The tunable spectral response range of dual-band PM-type OPDs under forward or reverse bias can be explained well from the trapped electron distribution near the electrodes. The dark current density (JD) of the dual-band PM-type OPDs can be efficiently suppressed by employing PNDIT-F3N as the anode interfacial layer and the special active layers with hole-only transport characteristics. The light current density (JL) of the dual-band PM-type OPDs can be slightly increased by incorporating wide-bandgap polymer P-TPDs with relatively large hole mobility (μh) in the active layers. The signal-to-noise ratios of the optimized dual-band PM-type OPDs reach 100,980 under -50 V bias and white light illumination with an intensity of 1.0 mW·cm-2, benefiting from the ultralow JD by employing wide-bandgap PNDIT-F3N as the anode interfacial buffer layer and the increased JL by incorporating appropriate P-TPD in the active layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolan Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Fujun Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
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Bi P, Zhang T, Guo Y, Wang J, Chua XW, Chen Z, Goh WP, Jiang C, Chia EEM, Hou J, Yang L. Donor-acceptor bulk-heterojunction sensitizer for efficient solid-state infrared-to-visible photon up-conversion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5719. [PMID: 38977685 PMCID: PMC11231359 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid-state infrared-to-visible photon up-conversion is important for spectral-tailoring applications. However, existing up-conversion systems not only suffer from low efficiencies and a need for high excitation intensity, but also exhibit a limited selection of materials and complex fabrication processes. Herein, we propose a sensitizer with a bulk-heterojunction structure, comprising both an energy donor and an energy acceptor, for triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion devices. The up-conversion occurs through charge separation at the donor-acceptor interface, followed by the formation of charge transfer state between the energy donor and annihilator following the spin statistics. The bulk-heterojunction sensitizer ensures efficient charge generation and low charge recombination. Hence, we achieve a highly efficient solid-state up-conversion device with 2.20% efficiency and low excitation intensity (10 mW cm-2) through a one-step solution method. We also demonstrate bright up-conversion devices on highly-flexible large-area substrates. This study introduces a simple and scalable platform strategy for fabricating efficient up-conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Bi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 637371, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jianqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xian Wei Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei Peng Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Changyun Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Elbert E M Chia
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 637371, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Republic of Singapore.
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Kim MI, Lee S, Kang J, Kim J, Wu Z, Won JH, Baek S, Chung DS, Kim JY, Jung IH, Woo HY. Vertically Phase Separated Photomultiplication Organic Photodetectors with p-n Heterojunction Type Ultrafast Dynamic Characteristics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404597. [PMID: 38975985 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Photomultiplication (PM)-type organic photodetectors (OPDs), which typically form a homogeneous distribution (HD) of n-type dopants in a p-type polymer host (HD PM-type OPDs), have achieved a breakthrough in device responsivity by surpassing a theoretical limit of external quantum efficiency (EQE). However, they face limitations in higher dark current and slower dynamic characteristics compared to p-n heterojunction (p-n HJ) OPDs due to inherent long lifetime of trapped electrons. To overcome this, a new PM-type OPD is developed that demonstrates ultrafast dynamic properties through a vertical phase separation (VPS) strategy between the p-type polymer and n-type acceptor, referred to as VPS PM-type OPDs. Notably, VPS PM-type OPDs show three orders of magnitude increase in -3 dB cut-off frequency (120 kHz) and over a 200-fold faster response time (rising time = 4.8 µs, falling time = 8.3 µs) compared to HD PM-type OPDs, while maintaining high EQE of 1121% and specific detectivity of 2.53 × 1013 Jones at -10 V. The VPS PM-type OPD represents a groundbreaking advancement by demonstrating the coexistence of p-n HJ and PM modes within a single photoactive layer for the first time. This innovative approach holds the potential to enhance both static and dynamic properties of OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong In Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering and Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon Kang
- Light/Display Convergence R&BD Division, Cheorwon Plasma Research Institute, 7194 Geumgang-ro, Seo-myeon, Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, 24062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyeong Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Won
- Department of Energy Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Baek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwan Jung
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering and Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Zbiri M, Guilbert AAY. Dynamics of Polyalkylfluorene Conjugated Polymers: Insights from Neutron Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6197-6206. [PMID: 38885432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The dynamics of the conjugated polymers poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PF8) and poly(9,9-didodecylfluorene) (PF12), differing by the length of their side chains, is investigated in the amorphous phase using the temperature-dependent quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) technique. The neutron spectroscopy measurements are synergistically underpinned by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The probe is focused on the picosecond time scale, where the structural dynamics of both PF8 and PF12 would mainly be dominated by the motions of their side chains. The measurements highlighted temperature-induced dynamics, reflected in the broadening of the QENS spectra upon heating. The MD simulations reproduced well the observations; hence, the neutron measurements validate the MD force fields, the adopted amorphous model structures, and the numerical procedure. As the QENS spectra are dominated by the signal from the hydrogens on the backbones and side chains of PF8 and PF12, extensive analysis of the MD simulations allowed the following: (i) tagging these hydrogens, (ii) estimating their contributions to the self-part of the van Hove functions and hence to the QENS spectra, and (iii) determining the activation energies of the different motions involving the tagged hydrogens. PF12 is found to exhibit QENS spectra broader than those of PF8, indicating a more pronounced motion of the didodecyl chains of PF12 as compared to dioctyl chains of PF8. This is in agreement with the outcome of our MD analysis: (i) confirming a lower glass transition temperature of PF12 compared to PF8, (ii) showing PF12 having a lower density than PF8, and (iii) highlighting lower activation energies of the motions of PF12 in comparison with PF8. This study helped to gain insights into the temperature-induced side-chain dynamics of the PF8 and PF12 conjugated polymers, influencing their stability, which could potentially impact, on the practical side, the performance of the associated optoelectronic active layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zbiri
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9 38042, France
| | - Anne A Y Guilbert
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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Othman DM, Weinstein J, Huang N, Ming W, Lyu Q, Hou B. Solution-processed colloidal quantum dots for internet of things. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10947-10974. [PMID: 38804109 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00203b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have been a hot research topic ever since they were successfully fabricated in 1993 via the hot injection method. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023 was awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots. The Internet of Things (IoT) has also attracted a lot of attention due to the technological advancements and digitalisation of the world. This review first aims to give the basics behind QD physics. After that, the history behind CQD synthesis and the different methods used to synthesize most widely researched CQD materials (CdSe, PbS and InP) are revisited. A brief introduction to what IoT is and how it works is also mentioned. Then, the most widely researched CQD devices that can be used for the main IoT components are reviewed, where the history, physics, the figures of merit (FoMs) and the state-of-the-art are discussed. Finally, the challenges and different methods for integrating CQDs into IoT devices are discussed, mentioning the future possibilities that await CQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyar Mousa Othman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - Julia Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Wenlong Ming
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Quan Lyu
- Cambridge Research Centre, Huawei Technologies Research & Development (UK) Ltd, Cambridge, CB4 0FY, UK.
| | - Bo Hou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.
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Zhou P, Gu J, Fan L, Ma J, Lian H, Shi W, Wei B. All-printed organic photodetectors with metal electrodes enabled by one-step solvent-mediated transfer printing technology. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10682-10689. [PMID: 38687297 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06516b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A one-step solvent-mediated transfer printing technology (sTPT) is proposed to fabricate printable silver (Ag) electrodes. This simple approach can realize the residuals in the active layer serving as the mediator due to the capillary action without the use of any additional solvent. The as-cast polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used as the stamp in the fabrication process. The residual solvent and the as-cast PDMS stamps simplified the fabrication process, while the transfer-printed Ag electrodes presented favorable conductivity and improved hydrophobicity due to the presence of residual PDMS on the surface of Ag, indicating the superiority as the top electrode for organic photodetectors (OPDs). Compared to the devices with the top Ag electrodes fabricated by the conventional evaporation method, we demonstrated that the OPDs with transfer-printed Ag electrodes presented better performance than that of the reference devices, including suppressed dark current, enlarged linear dynamic range, shortened response time, and optimized durability. These improved performances can be attributed to the fewer traps at the interface between the active layer and Ag electrodes. The sTPT may be a promising method for the fabrication of OPDs owing to the simplified fabrication process and enhanced device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 273500, P. R. China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Jialu Gu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 273500, P. R. China
| | - Jipeng Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 273500, P. R. China
| | - Hong Lian
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wei
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
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Xiao X, Shen X, Tie Y, Zhao Y, Yang R, Li Y, Li W, Tang L, Li R, Wang YX, Hu W. Stepwise Aggregation Control of PEDOT:PSS Enabled High-Conductivity, High-Resolution Printing of Polymer Electrodes for Transparent Organic Phototransistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29217-29225. [PMID: 38776472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing is a widely employed technology to create high-resolution patterns and thus has enormous potential for circuit production. However, achieving both high conductivity and high resolution in printed polymer electrodes is a challenging task. Here, by modulating the aggregation state of the conducting polymer in the solution and solid phases, a stable and continuous jetting of PEDOT:PSS is realized, and high-conductivity electrode arrays are prepared. The line width reaches less than 5 μm with a record-high conductivity of 1250 S/cm. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are further developed by combining printed source/drain electrodes with ultrathin organic semiconductor crystals. These OFETs show great light sensitivity, with a specific detectivity (D*) value of 2.86 × 1014 Jones. In addition, a proof-of-concept fully transparent phototransistor is demonstrated, which opens up new pathways to multidimensional optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xianfeng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuan Tie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weizhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liqun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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11
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Yang H, Li S, Wu Y, Bao X, Xiang Z, Xie Y, Pan L, Chen J, Liu Y, Li RW. Advances in Flexible Magnetosensitive Materials and Devices for Wearable Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311996. [PMID: 38776537 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Emerging fields, such as wearable electronics, digital healthcare, the Internet of Things, and humanoid robots, highlight the need for flexible devices capable of recording signals on curved surfaces and soft objects. In particular, flexible magnetosensitive devices garner significant attention owing to their ability to combine the advantages of flexible electronics and magnetoelectronic devices, such as reshaping capability, conformability, contactless sensing, and navigation capability. Several key challenges must be addressed to develop well-functional flexible magnetic devices. These include determining how to make magnetic materials flexible and even elastic, understanding how the physical properties of magnetic films change under external strain and stress, and designing and constructing flexible magnetosensitive devices. In recent years, significant progress is made in addressing these challenges. This study aims to provide a timely and comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in flexible magnetosensitive devices. This includes discussions on the fabrications and mechanical regulations of flexible magnetic materials, the principles and performances of flexible magnetic sensors, and their applications for wearable electronics. In addition, future development trends and challenges in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shengbin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xilai Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziyin Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yali Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Lili Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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12
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Li J, Wang L, Zhang C, Wang H, Pan Y, Li S, Chen XK, Jia T, Wang K. Manipulation of the Self-Assembly Morphology by Side-Chain Engineering of Quinoxaline-Substituted Organic Photothermal Molecules for Highly Efficient Solar-Thermal Conversion and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402726. [PMID: 38494458 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Organic photothermal materials have attracted increasing attention because of their structural diversity, flexibility, and compatibility. However, their energy conversion efficiency is limited owing to the narrow absorption spectrum, strong reflection/transmittance, and insufficient nonradiative decay. In this study, two quinoxaline-based D-A-D-A-D-type molecules with ethyl (BQE) or carboxylate (BQC) substituents were synthesized. Strong intramolecular charge transfer provided both molecules with a broad absorption range of 350-1000 nm. In addition, the high reorganization energy and weak molecular packing of BQE resulted in efficient nonradiative decay. More importantly, the self-assembly of BQE leads to a textured surface and enhances the light-trapping efficiency with significantly reduced light reflection/transmittance. Consequently, BQE achieved an impressive solar-thermal conversion efficiency of 18.16 % under 1.0 kW m-2 irradiation with good photobleaching resistance. Based on this knowledge, the water evaporation rate of 1.2 kg m-2 h-1 was attained for the BQE-based interfacial evaporation device with an efficiency of 83 % under 1.0 kW m-2 simulated sunlight. Finally, the synergetic integration of solar-steam and thermoelectric co-generation devices based on BQE was realized without significantly sacrificing solar-steam efficiency. This underscores the practical applications of BQE-based technology in effectively harnessing photothermal energy. This study provides new insights into the molecular design for enhancing light-trapping management by molecular self-assembly, paving the way for photothermal-driven applications of organic photothermal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Luoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Management, Xián Polytechnic University, Xián, 710600, China
| | - Yuyu Pan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 30 Guanghua Street, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Shizhang Li
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xian-Kai Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
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13
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Yin B, Zhou X, Li Y, Hu G, Wei W, Yang M, Jeong S, Deng W, Wu B, Cao Y, Huang B, Pan L, Yang X, Fu Z, Fang Y, Shen L, Yang C, Wu H, Lan L, Huang F, Cao Y, Duan C. Sensitive Organic Photodetectors With Spectral Response up to 1.3 µm Using a Quinoidal Molecular Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310811. [PMID: 38358297 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Detecting short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) light has underpinned several emerging technologies. However, the development of highly sensitive organic photodetectors (OPDs) operating in the SWIR region is hindered by their poor external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) and high dark currents. Herein, the development of high-sensitivity SWIR-OPDs with an efficient photoelectric response extending up to 1.3 µm is reported. These OPDs utilize a new ultralow-bandgap molecular semiconductor featuring a quinoidal tricyclic electron-deficient central unit and multiple non-covalent conformation locks. The SWIR-OPD achieves an unprecedented EQE of 26% under zero bias and an even more impressive EQE of up to 41% under a -4 V bias at 1.10 µm, effectively pushing the detection limit of silicon photodetectors. Additionally, the low energetic disorder and trap density in the active layer lead to significant suppression of thermal-generation carriers and dark current, resulting in excellent detectivity (Dsh *) exceeding 1013 Jones from 0.50 to 1.21 µm and surpassing 1012 Jones even at 1.30 µm under zero bias, marking the highest achievements for OPDs beyond the silicon limit to date. Validation with photoplethysmography measurements, a spectrometer prototype in the 0.35-1.25 µm range, and image capture under 1.20 µm irradiation demonstrate the extensive applications of this SWIR-OPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Yin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- School of New Energy, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315336, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Gangjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130015, P. R. China
| | - Wenkui Wei
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mingqun Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Perovtronics Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Baoqi Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bo Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Langheng Pan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoru Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Fu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Liang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130015, P. R. China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Perovtronics Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng Lan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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14
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Yu Y, Xia XY, Xu CF, Lv ZJ, Wang XD, Liao LS. Customizable Organic Charge-Transfer Cocrystals for the Dual-Mode Optoelectronics in the NIR (II) Window. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11845-11854. [PMID: 38648548 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Organic molecules have been regarded as ideal candidates for near-infrared (NIR) optoelectronic active materials due to their customizability and ease of large-scale production. However, constrained by the intricate molecular design and severe energy gap law, the realization of optoelectronic devices in the second near-infrared (NIR (II)) region with required narrow band gaps presents more challenges. Herein, we have originally proposed a cocrystal strategy that utilizes intermolecular charge-transfer interaction to drive the redshift of absorption and emission spectra of a series BFXTQ (X = 0, 1, 2, 4) cocrystals, resulting in the spectra located at NIR (II) window and reducing the optical bandgap to ∼0.98 eV. Significantly, these BFXTQ-based optoelectronic devices can exhibit dual-mode optoelectronic characteristics. An investigation of a series of BFXTQ-based photodetectors exhibits detectivity (D*) surpassing 1013 Jones at 375 to 1064 nm with a maximum of 1.76 × 1014 Jones at 1064 nm. Moreover, the radiative transition of CT excitons within the cocrystals triggers NIR emission over 1000 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ∼4.6% as well as optical waveguide behavior with a low optical-loss coefficient of 0.0097 dB/μm at 950 nm. These results promote the advancement of an emerging cocrystal approach in micro/nanoscale NIR multifunctional optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xing-Yu Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chao-Fei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhao-Ji Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
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15
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Vo T. Theory and simulation of ligand functionalized nanoparticles - a pedagogical overview. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3554-3576. [PMID: 38646950 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Synthesizing reconfigurable nanoscale synthons with predictive control over shape, size, and interparticle interactions is a holy grail of bottom-up self-assembly. Grand challenges in their rational design, however, lie in both the large space of experimental synthetic parameters and proper understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing their formation. As such, computational and theoretical tools for predicting and modeling building block interactions have grown to become integral in modern day self-assembly research. In this review, we provide an in-depth discussion of the current state-of-the-art strategies available for modeling ligand functionalized nanoparticles. We focus on the critical role of how ligand interactions and surface distributions impact the emergent, pre-programmed behaviors between neighboring particles. To help build insights into the underlying physics, we first define an "ideal" limit - the short ligand, "hard" sphere approximation - and discuss all experimental handles through the lens of perturbations about this reference point. Finally, we identify theories that are capable of bridging interparticle interactions to nanoscale self-assembly and conclude by discussing exciting new directions for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Vo
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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16
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Zhao D, Wang Y, Sun X, Wu X, Li B, Zhang S, Gao D, Liu B, Gong S, Li Z, Zhang C, Chen X, Xiao S, Yang S, Li Z, Zhu Z. Charge Management Enables Efficient Spontaneous Chromatic Adaptation Bipolar Photodetector. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309827. [PMID: 38084461 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processed photodetectors have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation of visible-near infrared (vis-NIR) photodetectors. This is attributed to their ease of processing, compatibility with flexible substrates, and the ability to tune their detection properties by integrating complementary photoresponsive semiconductors. However, the limited performance continues to hinder their further development, primarily influenced by the difference of charge transport properties between perovskite and organic semiconductors. In this work, a perovskite-organic bipolar photodetectors (PDs) is introduced with multispectral responsivity, achieved by effectively managing charges in perovskite and a ternary organic heterojunction. The ternary heterojunction, incorporating a designed NIR guest acceptor, exhibits a faster charge transfer rate and longer carrier diffusion length than the binary heterojunction. By achieving a more balanced carrier dynamic between the perovskite and organic components, the PD achieves a low dark current of 3.74 nA cm-2 at -0.2 V, a fast response speed of <10 µs, and a detectivity of exceeding 1012 Jones. Furthermore, a bioinspired retinotopic system for spontaneous chromatic adaptation is achieved without any optical filter. This charge management strategy opens up possibilities for surpassing the limitations of photodetection and enables the realization of high-purity, compact image sensors with exceptional spatial resolution and accurate color reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xianglang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, P. R. China
| | - Danpeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Baoze Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Shaokuan Gong
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xihan Chen
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
- Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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17
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Song J, Liu H, Zhao Z, Lin P, Yan F. Flexible Organic Transistors for Biosensing: Devices and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300034. [PMID: 36853083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable biosensors can offer seamless and conformable biological-electronic interfaces for continuously acquiring high-fidelity signals, permitting numerous emerging applications. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are ideal transducers for flexible and stretchable biosensing due to their soft nature, inherent amplification function, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, low cost, and device diversity. In consideration of the rapid advances in flexible-OTFT-based biosensors and their broad applications, herein, a timely and comprehensive review is provided. It starts with a detailed introduction to the features of various OTFTs including organic field-effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors, and the functionalization strategies for biosensing, with a highlight on the seminal work and up-to-date achievements. Then, the applications of flexible-OTFT-based biosensors in wearable, implantable, and portable electronics, as well as neuromorphic biointerfaces are detailed. Subsequently, special attention is paid to emerging stretchable organic transistors including planar and fibrous devices. The routes to impart stretchability, including structural engineering and material engineering, are discussed, and the implementations of stretchable organic transistors in e-skin and smart textiles are included. Finally, the remaining challenges and the future opportunities in this field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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18
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Yang G, Zhang D, Wang R, Wu M, Yu J. Flexible Broadband Organic Photodetectors with Ternary Planar-Mixed Heterojunction Semiconductors and Solution-Processed Polymeric Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38659248 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Flexible organic photodetectors (OPDs) hold immense promise in health monitoring sensors, flexible imaging sensors, and portable optical communication. Nevertheless, the actualization of high-performance flexible electronics has been hindered by rigid electrodes such as metals or metal oxides. In this work, we constructed a flexible broadband organic photodetector using a solution-processed polymeric electrode, which exhibits flexibility surpassing that of conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Additionally, we employed a planar-mixed heterojunction (PMHJ) through a sequential deposition method and introduced PC71BM as the third constituent into the PM6/Y6 binary active layer, resulting in enhanced photodetection performance and a broadend spectral range. The optimized OPDs demonstrated remarkable detectivity (D*) exceeding 1012 Jones in brodband from 300 to 900 nm, with a champion D* of 6.31 × 1012 Jones at 790 nm. Furthermore, after undergoing 500 cycles of bending, the D* retained approximately 78% of its original performance, highlighting the outstanding mechanical stability. This work presents a promising pathway toward the development of flexible broadband OPDs using a straightforward method, offering enhanced compatibility in diverse application scenarios and propelling the frontier of flexible optoelectronic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengge Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
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19
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Hoang Huy VP, Bark CW. A self-powered photodetector through facile processing using polyethyleneimine/carbon quantum dots for highly sensitive UVC detection. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12360-12371. [PMID: 38633486 PMCID: PMC11022040 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08538d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet C (UVC) photodetectors have garnered considerable attention recently because the detection of UVC is critical for preventing skin damage in humans, monitoring environmental conditions, detecting power aging in facilities, and military applications. As UVC detectors are "solar-blind", they encounter less interference than other environmental signals, resulting in low disturbance levels. This study employed a natural precursor (glucose) and a one-step ultrasonic reaction procedure to prepare carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which served as a convenient and environmentally friendly material to combine with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The prepared materials were used to develop a self-powered, high-performance UVC photodetector. The thickness of the constitutive film was investigated in detail based on the conditions of the electron transport pathway and trap positions to further improve the performance of the PEI/CQD photodetectors. Under the optimized conditions, the photodetector could generate a strong signal (1.5 mA W-1 at 254 nm) and exhibit high detectability (1.8 × 1010 Jones at 254 nm), an ultrafast response, and long-term stability during the power supply sequence. The developed solar-blind UVC photodetector can be applied in various ways to monitor UVC in an affordable, straightforward, and precise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Pham Hoang Huy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University Seongnam Gyeonggi 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Wung Bark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University Seongnam Gyeonggi 13120 Republic of Korea
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20
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Reus MA, Baier T, Lindenmeir CG, Weinzierl AF, Buyan-Arivjikh A, Wegener SA, Kosbahn DP, Reb LK, Rubeck J, Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Modular slot-die coater for in situ grazing-incidence x-ray scattering experiments on thin films. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:043907. [PMID: 38656556 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Multimodal in situ experiments during slot-die coating of thin films pioneer the way to kinetic studies on thin-film formation. They establish a powerful tool to understand and optimize the formation and properties of thin-film devices, e.g., solar cells, sensors, or LED films. Thin-film research benefits from time-resolved grazing-incidence wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) with a sub-second resolution to reveal the evolution of crystal structure, texture, and morphology during the deposition process. Simultaneously investigating optical properties by in situ photoluminescence measurements complements in-depth kinetic studies focusing on a comprehensive understanding of the triangular interdependency of processing, structure, and function for a roll-to-roll compatible, scalable thin-film deposition process. Here, we introduce a modular slot-die coater specially designed for in situ GIWAXS/GISAXS measurements and applicable to various ink systems. With a design for quick assembly, the slot-die coater permits the reproducible and comparable fabrication of thin films in the lab and at the synchrotron using the very same hardware components, as demonstrated in this work by experiments performed at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY). Simultaneous to GIWAXS/GISAXS, photoluminescence measurements probe optoelectronic properties in situ during thin-film formation. An environmental chamber allows to control the atmosphere inside the coater. Modular construction and lightweight design make the coater mobile, easy to transport, quickly extendable, and adaptable to new beamline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Reus
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Baier
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph G Lindenmeir
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander F Weinzierl
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Altantulga Buyan-Arivjikh
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Simon A Wegener
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David P Kosbahn
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lennart K Reb
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Rubeck
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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21
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Reus MA, Reb LK, Kosbahn DP, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. INSIGHT: in situ heuristic tool for the efficient reduction of grazing-incidence X-ray scattering data. J Appl Crystallogr 2024; 57:509-528. [PMID: 38596722 PMCID: PMC11001412 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INSIGHT is a Python-based software tool for processing and reducing 2D grazing-incidence wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) data. It offers the geometric transformation of the 2D GIWAXS/GISAXS detector image to reciprocal space, including vectorized and parallelized pixel-wise intensity correction calculations. An explicit focus on efficient data management and batch processing enables full control of large time-resolved synchrotron and laboratory data sets for a detailed analysis of kinetic GIWAXS/GISAXS studies of thin films. It processes data acquired with arbitrarily rotated detectors and performs vertical, horizontal, azimuthal and radial cuts in reciprocal space. It further allows crystallographic indexing and GIWAXS pattern simulation, and provides various plotting and export functionalities. Customized scripting offers a one-step solution to reduce, process, analyze and export findings of large in situ and operando data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Reus
- Chair for Functional Materials, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lennart K. Reb
- Chair for Functional Materials, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David P. Kosbahn
- Chair for Functional Materials, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan V. Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 56–58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Chair for Functional Materials, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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22
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Cheng Y, Guo X, Shi Y, Pan L. Recent advance of high-quality perovskite nanostructure and its application in flexible photodetectors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:242001. [PMID: 38467065 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Flexible photodetectors (PDs) have garnered increasing attention for their potential applications in diverse fields, including weather monitoring, smart robotics, smart textiles, electronic eyes, wearable biomedical monitoring devices, and so on. Notably, perovskite nanostructures have emerged as a promising material for flexible PDs due to their distinctive features, such as a large optical absorption coefficient, tunable band gap, extended photoluminescence decay time, high carrier mobility, low defect density, long exciton diffusion lengths, strong self-trapped effect, good mechanical flexibility, and facile synthesis methods. In this review, we first introduce various synthesis methods for perovskite nanostructures and elucidate their corresponding optical and electrical properties, encompassing quantum dots, nanocrystals, nanowires, nanobelts, nanosheets, single-crystal thin films, polycrystalline thin films, and nanostructured arrays. Furthermore, the working mechanism and key performance parameters of optoelectronic devices are summarized. The review also systematically compiles recent advancements in flexible PDs based on various nanostructured perovskites. Finally, we present the current challenges and prospects for the development of perovskite nanostructures-based flexible PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Pan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
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23
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Xue C, He N, Zhao X, Ni Y, Wang B, Tong Y, Tang Q, Liu Y. Submicron-Thickness Ultraflexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes via a Photoregulated Stripping Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14015-14025. [PMID: 38446708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid advances in imperceptible and epidermal electronics, the research on ultraflexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has become increasingly significant, owing to their excellent flexibility and conformability to the human body. It is highly desirable to develop submicrometer-thick ultraflexible OLEDs to enable the devices to seamlessly conform to the surface of arbitrary-shaped objects and still function properly. However, it remains a huge challenge for currently reported OLEDs due to the lack of an appropriate stripping strategy. Here, for the first time, we develop a facile photoregulated stripping strategy for the fabrication of high-performance ultraflexible OLEDs with submicron thickness. Under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the surface adhesion force of the ultrathin photopolymer membrane can be adjusted from 16.9 to 5.1 N/m, thereby effectively controlling the laminating and detaching process. Based on this strategy, the resultant device thickness is as low as 0.821 μm, which is the lowest record among flexible OLEDs reported to date. More remarkably, excellent electrical properties with a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 62.5 cd/A, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.8%, and a low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V are realized, which are superior to almost all of the reported ultraflexible OLEDs with thicknesses below 10 μm. Based on versatile ultraflexible OLEDs, all-organic and skin-mounted displays are successfully realized by employing a conformable organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) as the driver. This work offers a feasible strategy for advancing OLEDs from flexible to ultraflexible, showing significant application potential in future epidermal electronics and conformal displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Xue
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ning He
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanping Ni
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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24
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Catacchio M, Caputo M, Sarcina L, Scandurra C, Tricase A, Marchianò V, Macchia E, Bollella P, Torsi L. Spiers Memorial Lecture: Challenges and prospects in organic photonics and electronics. Faraday Discuss 2024; 250:9-42. [PMID: 38380468 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00152k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
While a substantial amount of research activity has been conducted in fields related to organic photonics and electronics, including the development of devices such as organic field-effect transistors, organic photovoltaics, and organic light-emitting diodes for applications encompassing organic thermoelectrics, organic batteries, excitonic organic materials for photochemical and optoelectronic applications, and organic thermoelectrics, this perspective review will primarily concentrate on the emerging and rapidly expanding domain of organic bioelectronics and neuromorphics. Here we present the most recent research findings on organic transistors capable of sensing biological biomarkers down at the single-molecule level (i.e., oncoproteins, genomes, etc.) for the early diagnosis of pathological states and to mimic biological synapses, paving the way to neuromorphic applications that surpass the limitations of the traditional von Neumann computing architecture. Both organic bioelectronics and neuromorphics exhibit several challenges but will revolutionize human life, considering the development of artificial synapses to counteract neurodegenerative disorders and the development of ultrasensitive biosensors for the early diagnosis of cancer to prevent its development. Moreover, organic bioelectronics for sensing applications have also triggered the development of several wearable, flexible and stretchable biodevices for continuous biomarker monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Catacchio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariapia Caputo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Sarcina
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Scandurra
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Tricase
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Verdiana Marchianò
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Macchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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25
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Tomimatsu A, Suizu R, Nakazawa M, Shirahata T, Misaki Y, Kinoshita N, Awaga K. Optoelectronic conversion and polarization hysteresis in organic MISM and MISIM devices with DA-type single-component molecules. Faraday Discuss 2024; 250:96-109. [PMID: 37986633 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00125c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronic devices offer various advantages, such as low cost and tunability. However, the organic semiconductors used in these devices have significant drawbacks, including instability in air and low carrier mobility. To address these challenges, we recently introduced organic MISM and MISIM (M = metal, I = insulator, S = semiconductor) devices, which effectively generate photo-induced displacement current and exhibit ferroelectric behavior. In previous studies, the S layer consisted of an organic donor-acceptor (DA) bilayer. In the present research, we fabricated MISM and MISIM devices using DA-type single-component molecules as the S layer and examined their photocurrent and polarization hysteresis. While the performance of these devices does not surpass that of DA bilayer devices, we discovered that DA-type single-component molecules can be utilized for photoelectric conversion and polarization trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tomimatsu
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Rie Suizu
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Miyabi Nakazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirahata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
- Research Unit for Materials Development for Efficient Utilization and Storage of Energy, Ehime University, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
- Research Unit for Materials Development for Efficient Utilization and Storage of Energy, Ehime University, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Naoya Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Kunio Awaga
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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26
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Zhou J, Guo C, Liu D, Wang T, Li W. Dual Interface Modification Using Potassium Aspartic Acid to Realize Low Dark Current, High-Speed Nonfullerene Photodetectors. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2675-2681. [PMID: 38426861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted tremendous interest due to their potential applications in wearable electronics. However, due to the nonideal contacts between the electrodes and organic semiconductors, OPDs still suffer from high dark current and slow frequency response. Herein, by inserting potassium aspartic acid (PAA) interlayers between ITO/metal oxides and the metal oxides/active layer, the shunts and hole injections are blocked and the energy levels of the electrodes are aligned. As a result, our dual-interface modified OPDs (ITO/PAA/ZnO/PAA/PTB7-Th:ITIC/MoO3/Ag) exhibit suppressed dark current 550 times lower than the reference device, corresponding to specific detectivity of 2.1 × 1012 Jones, broad linear dynamic range of 113 dB, and quick response time to the nanosecond level. PAA interlayers have also been demonstrated to improve the storage stability of OPDs, leading to 10 times slower degradation for the on/off ratio when compared with the reference and conventional polyethylenimine-modified OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yating Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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27
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Du Z, Luong HM, Sabury S, Jones AL, Zhu Z, Panoy P, Chae S, Yi A, Kim HJ, Xiao S, Brus VV, Manjunatha Reddy GN, Reynolds JR, Nguyen TQ. High-Performance Wearable Organic Photodetectors by Molecular Design and Green Solvent Processing for Pulse Oximetry and Photoplethysmography. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310478. [PMID: 38054854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
White-light detection from the visible to the near-infrared region is central to many applications such as high-speed cameras, autonomous vehicles, and wearable electronics. While organic photodetectors (OPDs) are being developed for such applications, several challenges must be overcome to produce scalable high-detectivity OPDs. This includes issues associated with low responsivity, narrow absorption range, and environmentally friendly device fabrication. Here, an OPD system processed from 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) sets a record in light detectivity, which is also comparable with commercially available silicon-based photodiodes is reported. The newly designed OPD is employed in wearable devices to monitor heart rate and blood oxygen saturation using a flexible OPD-based finger pulse oximeter. In achieving this, a framework for a detailed understanding of the structure-processing-property relationship in these OPDs is also developed. The bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin films processed from 2-MeTHF are characterized at different length scales with advanced techniques. The BHJ morphology exhibits optimal intermixing and phase separation of donor and acceptor moieties, which facilitates the charge generation and collection process. Benefitting from high charge carrier mobilities and a low shunt leakage current, the newly developed OPD exhibits a specific detectivity of above 1012 Jones over 400-900 nm, which is higher than those of reference devices processed from chlorobenzene and ortho-xylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Du
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Hoang Mai Luong
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sina Sabury
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Austin L Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ziyue Zhu
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Patchareepond Panoy
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sangmin Chae
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Ahra Yi
- Department of Organic Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Organic Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven Xiao
- 1-Material Inc, 2290 Chemin St-Francois, Dorval, Quebec, H9P 1K2, Canada
| | - Viktor V Brus
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - G N Manjunatha Reddy
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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28
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Zhu Y, Chen H, Han R, Qin H, Yao Z, Liu H, Ma Y, Wan X, Li G, Chen Y. High-speed flexible near-infrared organic photodiode for optical communication. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad311. [PMID: 38312386 PMCID: PMC10833469 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical communication is a particularly compelling technology for tackling the speed and capacity bottlenecks in data communication in modern society. Currently, the silicon photodetector plays a dominant role in high-speed optical communication across the visible-near-infrared spectrum. However, its intrinsic rigid structure, high working bias and low responsivity essentially limit its application in next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices. Herein, we report a narrow-bandgap non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) with a remarkable π-extension in the direction of both central and end units (CH17) with respect to the Y6 series, which demonstrates a more effective and compact 3D molecular packing, leading to lower trap states and energetic disorders in the photoactive film. Consequently, the optimized solution-processed organic photodetector (OPD) with CH17 exhibits a remarkable response time of 91 ns (λ = 880 nm) due to the high charge mobility and low parasitic capacitance, exceeding the values of most commercial Si photodiodes and all NFA-based OPDs operating in self-powered mode. More significantly, the flexible OPD exhibits negligible performance attenuation (<1%) after bending for 500 cycles, and maintains 96% of its initial performance even after 550 h of indoor exposure. Furthermore, the high-speed OPD demonstrates a high data transmission rate of 80 MHz with a bit error rate of 3.5 [Formula: see text] 10-4, meaning it has great potential in next-generation high-speed flexible optical communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruiman Han
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Qin
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hang Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanfeng Ma
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Naik P, Swain N, Naik R, Devarajan N, Al-Odayni AB, Abduh NA, Keremane KS, Alagarasan D, Aravinda T, Shivaprasad H. Exploring optical, electrochemical, thermal, and theoretical aspects of simple carbazole-derived organic dyes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25624. [PMID: 38380028 PMCID: PMC10877267 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study highlights the recent advancements in organic electronic materials and their potential for cost-effective optoelectronic devices. The investigation focuses on the molecular design, synthesis, and comprehensive analysis of two organic dyes, aiming to explore their suitability for optoelectronic applications. The dyes are strategically constructed with carbazole as the foundational structure, connecting two electron-withdrawing groups: barbituric acid (Cz-BA) and thiobarbituric acid (Cz-TBA). These dyes, featuring carbazole as the core and electron-withdrawing groups, demonstrate promising spectral, optical, electrochemical, thermal, and theoretical properties. They show strong potential for diverse optoelectronic applications, promising efficient light absorption and robust stability. The results endorse their suitability for practical optoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Naik
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Nibedita Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - R. Naik
- Department of Engineering and Materials Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - Nainamalai Devarajan
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naaser A.Y. Abduh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kavya S. Keremane
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Devarajan Alagarasan
- Department of Physics, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - T. Aravinda
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - H.B. Shivaprasad
- Department of Physics, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
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Chang S, Koo JH, Yoo J, Kim MS, Choi MK, Kim DH, Song YM. Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:768-859. [PMID: 38241488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices with unconventional form factors, such as flexible and stretchable light-emitting or photoresponsive devices, are core elements for the next-generation human-centric optoelectronics. For instance, these deformable devices can be utilized as closely fitted wearable sensors to acquire precise biosignals that are subsequently uploaded to the cloud for immediate examination and diagnosis, and also can be used for vision systems for human-interactive robotics. Their inception was propelled by breakthroughs in novel optoelectronic material technologies and device blueprinting methodologies, endowing flexibility and mechanical resilience to conventional rigid optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the advancements in such soft optoelectronic device technologies, honing in on various materials, manufacturing techniques, and device design strategies. We will first highlight the general approaches for flexible and stretchable device fabrication, including the appropriate material selection for the substrate, electrodes, and insulation layers. We will then focus on the materials for flexible and stretchable light-emitting diodes, their device integration strategies, and representative application examples. Next, we will move on to the materials for flexible and stretchable photodetectors, highlighting the state-of-the-art materials and device fabrication methods, followed by their representative application examples. At the end, a brief summary will be given, and the potential challenges for further development of functional devices will be discussed as a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Chang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Ding J, Liu X, Zhou S, Huang J, Li Y, Gao Y, Dong C, Yue G, Tan F. In-situ free-standing inorganic 2D Cs 2PbI 2Cl 2 nanosheets for efficient self-powered photodetectors with carbon electrode. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 654:1356-1364. [PMID: 37918095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic two-dimensional (2D) perovskites possess excellent thermal stability and high charge mobility, making them an attractive choice for stable optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors (PDs). The formation of an appropriate inorganic 2D perovskite structure is of great importance to efficient PDs, especially to that of planar self-powered photovoltaic PDs featuring perpendicular charge transport channels. Herein, we implemented morphological engineering on wide bandgap inorganic 2D perovskite, Cs2PbI2Cl2, demonstrating a successful preparation of in-situ free-standing nanosheets structure with proper charge channels for photovoltaic type self-powered PDs. Compared with its counterpart with a nanoblock morphology, the 2D nanosheet Cs2PbI2Cl2 film exhibits enhanced charge mobility and purified Ruddlesden-Popper phase that can withstand high-energy electron beam radiation, accelerated thermal aging and long-term shelf storage. Sandwiching Cs2PbI2Cl2 nanosheet film in between tin oxide (SnO2) and polythiophene (P3HT) as electron and hole acceptors, respectively, the constructed photovoltaic type structure exhibits effective dissociation of excitons at the cascade type-II interface. The nanosheets enable lower dark current and more efficient charge collection than the nanoblock structure. As a result, the self-powered photodetectors with 2D Cs2PbI2Cl2 nanosheets deliver an outstanding responsivity of 698 mW/cm2 and a detectivity of 8.6×1012 Jones. The stable PDs can be applied to monitor ultraviolet irradiation in real outdoor conditions. Our work demonstrates the significant role of morphology tuning of 2D inorganic perovskite in stable, cost-effective and efficient photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Xinying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Junyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Yaqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Yueyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Chen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Gentian Yue
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Furui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
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Peng J, Tian T, Xu S, Hu R, Tang BZ. Base-Assisted Polymerizations of Elemental Sulfur and Alkynones for Temperature-Controlled Synthesis of Polythiophenes or Poly(1,4-dithiin)s. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28204-28215. [PMID: 38099712 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for functional polythiophenes in extensive applications such as organic solar cells, electronic skins, thermoelectric materials, and field effect transistors, efficient and economic synthetic approaches for polythiophenes are urgently required. In this work, KOH-assisted polymerizations of elemental sulfur and alkynones were developed to directly afford polythiophenes with various backbones, regioselective structures, and high molecular weights (Mns up to 20700 g/mol) in high yields (up to 97%) at 80 °C in 30 min. When the same polymerization was conducted at room temperature, stable and unique poly(1,4-dithiin)s (Mns up to 21800 g/mol) could be rapidly obtained in high yields (up to 87%) in 10 min. The temperature-controlled KOH-assisted polymerizations of sulfur and alkynones possessed high efficiency, mild conditions, and simple operation, which had provided an economic, efficient, and convenient approach for the direct conversion from elemental sulfur to functional polythiophenes and poly(1,4-dithiin)s with the in situ constructed aromatic or nonaromatic heterocycles embedded in the polymer backbones, demonstrating great synthetic simplicity, high efficiency, good selectivity, and robustness. It is anticipated to accelerate the development of semiconducting polymer materials and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rongrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou 510530, China
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Obaidulla SM, Supina A, Kamal S, Khan Y, Kralj M. van der Waals 2D transition metal dichalcogenide/organic hybridized heterostructures: recent breakthroughs and emerging prospects of the device. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 9:44-92. [PMID: 37902087 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00310h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The near-atomic thickness and organic molecular systems, including organic semiconductors and polymer-enabled hybrid heterostructures, of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) can modulate their optoelectronic and transport properties outstandingly. In this review, the current understanding and mechanism of the most recent and significant breakthrough of novel interlayer exciton emission and its modulation by harnessing the band energy alignment between TMDs and organic semiconductors in a TMD/organic (TMDO) hybrid heterostructure are demonstrated. The review encompasses up-to-date device demonstrations, including field-effect transistors, detectors, phototransistors, and photo-switchable superlattices. An exploration of distinct traits in 2D-TMDs and organic semiconductors delves into the applications of TMDO hybrid heterostructures. This review provides insights into the synthesis of 2D-TMDs and organic layers, covering fabrication techniques and challenges. Band bending and charge transfer via band energy alignment are explored from both structural and molecular orbital perspectives. The progress in emission modulation, including charge transfer, energy transfer, doping, defect healing, and phase engineering, is presented. The recent advancements in 2D-TMDO-based optoelectronic synaptic devices, including various 2D-TMDs and organic materials for neuromorphic applications are discussed. The section assesses their compatibility for synaptic devices, revisits the operating principles, and highlights the recent device demonstrations. Existing challenges and potential solutions are discussed. Finally, the review concludes by outlining the current challenges that span from synthesis intricacies to device applications, and by offering an outlook on the evolving field of emerging TMDO heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Md Obaidulla
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Antonio Supina
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- Chair of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Sherif Kamal
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Yahya Khan
- Department of Physics, Karakoram International university (KIU), Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Marko Kralj
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Dang Q, Hu L, Yuan L, Miao X, Huang A, Su J, Wang J, Zhou Y, Chen X, Li Q, Li Z, Deng X. Enhanced Gain in Organic Photodetectors Using the Polymer with Singlet Open-Shell Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312538. [PMID: 37843416 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors are critical components in intelligent optoelectronic systems, and photomultiplication-capable devices are essential for detecting weak optical signals. Despite significant advances, developing photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors with high gain and low noise current simultaneously remains challenging. In this work, a new conjugated polymer PDN with singlet open-shell ground state is introduced in active layers for electron capture, and the corresponding PDN-based photodetectors exhibited an enhanced photoelectric gain and decreased dark current density at a low forward bias. At 1.5 V, the PDN-based ternary photodetector has the external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 2552.3 % and the specific detectivity of 1.4×1014 Jones at 710 nm calculated by the measured noise current, with the gain 22 times higher than that of the control group. This study provides an approach for exploiting polymers with singlet open-shell ground state to enhance the gain of organic photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Dang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shen Zhen, 518055, China
| | - Lanzhen Hu
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Likai Yuan
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xincheng Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shen Zhen, 518055, China
| | - Arui Huang
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Junsheng Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shen Zhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yongheng Zhou
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shen Zhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shen Zhen, 518055, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xianyu Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shen Zhen, 518055, China
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Lou Z, Tao J, Wei B, Jiang X, Cheng S, Wang Z, Qin C, Liang R, Guo H, Zhu L, Müller‐Buschbaum P, Cheng H, Xu X. Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors toward Skin-Integrated Photoplethysmography-Electrocardiography Multimodal Sensing System. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304174. [PMID: 37991135 PMCID: PMC10754100 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In the fast-evolving landscape of decentralized and personalized healthcare, the need for multimodal biosensing systems that integrate seamlessly with the human body is growing rapidly. This presents a significant challenge in devising ultraflexible configurations that can accommodate multiple sensors and designing high-performance sensing components that remain stable over long periods. To overcome these challenges, ultraflexible organic photodetectors (OPDs) that exhibit exceptional performance under near-infrared illumination while maintaining long-term stability are developed. These ultraflexible OPDs demonstrate a photoresponsivity of 0.53 A W-1 under 940 nm, shot-noise-limited specific detectivity of 3.4 × 1013 Jones, and cut-off response frequency beyond 1 MHz at -3 dB. As a result, the flexible photoplethysmography sensor boasts a high signal-to-noise ratio and stable peak-to-peak amplitude under hypoxic and hypoperfusion conditions, outperforming commercial finger pulse oximeters. This ensures precise extraction of blood oxygen saturation in dynamic working conditions. Ultraflexible OPDs are further integrated with conductive polymer electrodes on an ultrathin hydrogel substrate, allowing for direct interface with soft and dynamic skin. This skin-integrated sensing platform provides accurate measurement of photoelectric and biopotential signals in a time-synchronized manner, reproducing the functionality of conventional technologies without their inherent limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Lou
- Shenzhen International Graduate School & Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
- School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Jun Tao
- Shenzhen International Graduate School & Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Binbin Wei
- Shenzhen International Graduate School & Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle MaterialienPhysik DepartmentTechnische Universität MünchenJames‐Franck‐Str. 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Simin Cheng
- Shenzhen International Graduate School & Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Zehao Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School & Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Chao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Rong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Haotian Guo
- Shenzhen International Graduate School & Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Liping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Peter Müller‐Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle MaterialienPhysik DepartmentTechnische Universität MünchenJames‐Franck‐Str. 185748GarchingGermany
- Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz‐Zentrum (MLZ)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr. 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Hui‐Ming Cheng
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality & Faculty of Materials Science and Energy EngineeringShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School & Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
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Lin R, Lei M, Ding S, Cheng Q, Ma Z, Wang L, Tang Z, Zhou B, Zhou Y. Applications of flexible electronics related to cardiocerebral vascular system. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100787. [PMID: 37766895 PMCID: PMC10519834 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring accessible and high-quality healthcare worldwide requires field-deployable and affordable clinical diagnostic tools with high performance. In recent years, flexible electronics with wearable and implantable capabilities have garnered significant attention from researchers, which functioned as vital clinical diagnostic-assisted tools by real-time signal transmission from interested targets in vivo. As the most crucial and complex system of human body, cardiocerebral vascular system together with heart-brain network attracts researchers inputting profuse and indefatigable efforts on proper flexible electronics design and materials selection, trying to overcome the impassable gulf between vivid organisms and rigid inorganic units. This article reviews recent breakthroughs in flexible electronics specifically applied to cardiocerebral vascular system and heart-brain network. Relevant sensor types and working principles, electronics materials selection and treatment methods are expounded. Applications of flexible electronics related to these interested organs and systems are specially highlighted. Through precedent great working studies, we conclude their merits and point out some limitations in this emerging field, thus will help to pave the way for revolutionary flexible electronics and diagnosis assisted tools development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxing Lin
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Sen Ding
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Quansheng Cheng
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Bingpu Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yinning Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
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37
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He Z, Zhang HY, Du X, Yu X, Han J, Cao L, Lin H, Wang J, Zheng C, Tao S. A high-performance dual-functional organic upconversion device with detectivity approaching 10 13 Jones and photon-to-photon efficiency over 20. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5950-5961. [PMID: 37882244 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01337e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic upconversion devices (UCDs) are a cutting-edge technology and hot topic because of their advantages of low cost and convenience in the important applications of near-infrared (NIR) detection and imaging. However, to realize utilization of triplet excitons (T1), previous UCDs have the drawback of heavily relying on toxic and costly heavy-metal-doped emitters. More importantly, due to poor performance of the detecting unit and/or emitting unit, improving their detectivity (D*) and photon-to-photon conversion efficiency (ηp-p) is still a challenge for real applications. Here, we report a high-performance dual-functional purely organic UCD that has an outstanding D* approaching 1013 Jones and a high ηp-p of 20.1% in the NIR region, which are some of the highest values among those reported for UCDs. The high performance is credited to the excellent D* of the detecting unit, exceeding 1014 Jones, and is also attributed to efficient T1 utilization via a dual reverse intersystem crossing channel and high optical out coupling achieved via a high horizontal dipole ratio in the emitting unit. The high D* and ηp-p enable the UCD to detect 850 nm light at as little as 0.29 μW cm-2 and with a high display contrast of over 70 000 : 1, significantly improving the potential of practical applications of UCDs in NIR detection and imaging. Furthermore, a fast rise time and fall time of 8.9 and 14.8 μs are also achieved. Benefiting from the high performance, consequent applications of low-power pulse-state monitoring and fine-structure bio-imaging are successfully realized with high quality results by using our organic UCDs. These results demonstrate that our design not only eliminates dependence of UCDs on heavy-metal emitters, but also takes their performance and applications to a high level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu He
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Heng-Yuan Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyang Du
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Jiayue Han
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Luye Cao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Caijun Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Silu Tao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
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38
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Dcosta JV, Ochoa D, Sanaur S. Recent Progress in Flexible and Wearable All Organic Photoplethysmography Sensors for SpO 2 Monitoring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302752. [PMID: 37740697 PMCID: PMC10625116 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable biosensors are the next-generation healthcare devices that can efficiently monitor human health conditions in day-to-day life. Moreover, the rapid growth and technological advancements in wearable optoelectronics have promoted the development of flexible organic photoplethysmography (PPG) biosensor systems that can be implanted directly onto the human body without any additional interface for efficient bio-signal monitoring. As an example, the pulse oximeter utilizes PPG signals to monitor the oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) in the blood volume using two distinct wavelengths with organic light emitting diode (OLED) as light source and an organic photodiode (OPD) as light sensor. Utilizing the flexible and soft properties of organic semiconductors, pulse oximeter can be both flexible and conformal when fabricated on thin polymeric substrates. It can also provide highly efficient human-machine interface systems that can allow for long-time biological integration and flawless measurement of signal data. In this work, a clear and systematic overview of the latest progress and updates in flexible and wearable all-organic pulse oximetry sensors for SpO2 monitoring, including design and geometry, processing techniques and materials, encapsulation and various factors affecting the device performance, and limitations are provided. Finally, some of the research challenges and future opportunities in the field are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostin Vinroy Dcosta
- Mines Saint‐ÉtienneCentre Microélectronique de ProvenceDepartment of Flexible Electronics880, Avenue de MimetGardanne13541France
| | - Daniel Ochoa
- Mines Saint‐ÉtienneCentre Microélectronique de ProvenceDepartment of Flexible Electronics880, Avenue de MimetGardanne13541France
| | - Sébastien Sanaur
- Mines Saint‐ÉtienneCentre Microélectronique de ProvenceDepartment of Flexible Electronics880, Avenue de MimetGardanne13541France
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39
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Han T, Zhou S, Chen Y, Du Q, Li Y, Mo Y, Li B, Ding S, Chen Y, Jiang C. Controlling Electron/Hole Recombination in Near-Infrared Polymer Phototransistors through an Insulation Medium: A Pathway to Ultrahigh Photosensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50321-50329. [PMID: 37861994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In near-infrared (NIR) polymer phototransistors, the photoresponse is proportional to the turn-on voltage shift (ΔVth). Due to the narrow band gap of NIR polymers, the ΔVth value is usually small. However, the use of a single bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer has a minimal effect on increasing the value of ΔVth. This is because doping with high concentrations of acceptors results in strong current traps and accelerates electron/hole recombination. In this work, a new strategy is proposed to control the recombination of electrons/holes. By doping an insulating medium made of polystyrene (PS) into BHJs, PC61BM:PS:PDPP3T-based ternary NIR phototransistors with high acceptor concentrations were prepared by using a one-step film transfer method (FTM). Compared with a PC61BM:PDPP3T-based binary device (1:1), a ternary device (1:1:1) exhibited a significant performance improvement. The ΔVth value (∼29.5 ± 1.0 V) increased by approximately 4-fold, the Iph/Idark (∼4.4 × 106) increased by a factor of 3000 to 4000-fold, and the dark current decreased by 2-3 orders of magnitude (@ Vg = 0 V). Additionally, the ternary devices demonstrated excellent performance across a wide ternary ratio range (1:1:1 to 4:2:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Shangyun Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Du
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Ye Mo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Shufang Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Chunzhi Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
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40
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Schardt J, Gerken M. Electrical characterization of optical resonance effects in laterally-nanostructured organic photodetectors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:36136-36149. [PMID: 38017769 DOI: 10.1364/oe.499349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices based on organic semiconductor materials are on the rise for sensing applications due to their integrability with a variety of substrates - including flexible substrates for wearables. For sensing applications often narrowband absorption is desired with suppression of light at other wavelengths. Here, we investigate narrowband absorption enhancement of organic photodetectors (OPD) with an integrated lateral nanostructure. We show with finite-element simulations, that resonant excitation of low absorbing wavelength regimes allow for up to 3 times the absolute absorption at wavelengths on resonance compared to wavelengths off resonance. We present experimental results for CuPc/C60 OPDs fabricated on grating nanostructures with periods of 350 nm and 400 nm and a grating depth of 140 nm as well as a grating period of 370 nm and grating depths of 30 nm. Angle-resolved transmission spectra clearly show the optical resonance effects. In order to evaluate the electrical resonance effects a measurement system is introduced based on angular laser excitation. An angular resolution of 0.1° is achieved in the analysis of the OPD photocurrent response. Using the measurement setup an increase of the photocurrent by up to 50% is observed for the TE-resonance. It is demonstrated that the resonance wavelength is tuned simply by adjusting the grating period without changes in the layer thicknesses. This opens up new opportunities in realizing pixels of different wavelength response next to each other employing a single active stack design.
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41
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Shinar R, Shinar J. Organic Electronics-Microfluidics/Lab on a Chip Integration in Analytical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8488. [PMID: 37896581 PMCID: PMC10611406 DOI: 10.3390/s23208488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronics (OE) technology has matured in displays and is advancing in solid-state lighting applications. Other promising and growing uses of this technology are in (bio)chemical sensing, imaging, in vitro cell monitoring, and other biomedical diagnostics that can benefit from low-cost, efficient small devices, including wearable designs that can be fabricated on glass or flexible plastic. OE devices such as organic LEDs, organic and hybrid perovskite-based photodetectors, and organic thin-film transistors, notably organic electrochemical transistors, are utilized in such sensing and (bio)medical applications. The integration of compact and sensitive OE devices with microfluidic channels and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) structures is very promising. This survey focuses on studies that utilize this integration for a variety of OE tools. It is not intended to encompass all studies in the area, but to present examples of the advances and the potential of such OE technology, with a focus on microfluidics/LOC integration for efficient wide-ranging sensing and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Shinar
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Joseph Shinar
- Physics & Astronomy Department and Ames National Laboratory—USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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42
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Chen F, Li Y, Chen Y, Wang YX, Hu W. Supramolecular interface decoration on a polymer conductor for an intrinsically stretchable near-infrared photodiode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11975-11978. [PMID: 37724429 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable photodiodes with near-infrared (NIR) response face the challenge of material deficiency. A supramolecular cathode with excellent optical, tensile and electrical properties was proposed. Together with a stretchable organic heterojunction, we developed an intrinsically stretchable NIR photodiode with high detectivity over 1011 Jones and that remained functional under 100% strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
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43
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Huang F, Liao G, Peng Y, Liu G. Facile Vertical Structure Broadband Photodetectors Enabled by Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Regulated Perovskite and Near-Infrared-Sensitive Lead Phthalocyanine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41634-41646. [PMID: 37602865 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Broadband photodetectors have drawn tremendous attention in many application areas such as imaging, optical communication, and biochemical sensing. Perovskite is a star material with broad spectral absorption, but it is challenging to develop ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) ultra-broadband photodetectors due to the insufficient absorption in the near-infrared region. Moreover, it is difficult to construct a diode-type photodetector with a simple vertical structure based only on perovskite materials. Here, facile vertical structure broadband photodetectors were fabricated based on heterojunctions that were composed of perovskite MAPbI3 films with UV-Vis absorption spectrum and small organic molecule lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) with strong NIR optical absorption, resulting in UV-Vis-NIR ultra-broadband photodetection. The quality of MAPbI3 films was improved by introducing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) modification, and subsequently, the corresponding MAPbI3/PbPc heterojunction-based photodetectors exhibited rectification characteristics and reduced reverse dark currents. When the PVP mass ratio is 1 wt%, the photodetector achieved the best performance that the spectral response uniformity factor was as high as 0.77, the photoresponsivity exceeded 10 A/W, and the photoresponse time was less than 0.5 ms under a light intensity of 0.013 mW/cm2 in the UV-Vis to NIR spectral range. These results are comparable or superior to those of some inorganic, organic, and perovskite photodetectors reported previously. This study would provide an effective strategy to construct high-performance perovskite photodetectors based on a simple vertical structure, paving the way to the realization of UV-Vis-NIR broadband photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fobao Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Taicang 215400, China
| | - Guangmeng Liao
- Institute of Microelectronics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingquan Peng
- Institute of Microelectronics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, 258 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guohan Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Institute of Sensor Technology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, 229 South Dingxi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Li H, Yuan J, Fennell G, Abdulla V, Nistala R, Dandachi D, Ho DKC, Zhang Y. Recent advances in wearable sensors and data analytics for continuous monitoring and analysis of biomarkers and symptoms related to COVID-19. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:031302. [PMID: 38510705 PMCID: PMC10903389 DOI: 10.1063/5.0140900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives of many people around the world. Based on the available data and published reports, most people diagnosed with COVID-19 exhibit no or mild symptoms and could be discharged home for self-isolation. Considering that a substantial portion of them will progress to a severe disease requiring hospitalization and medical management, including respiratory and circulatory support in the form of supplemental oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, etc. The continuous monitoring of patient conditions at home for patients with COVID-19 will allow early determination of disease severity and medical intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality. In addition, this will allow early and safe hospital discharge and free hospital beds for patients who are in need of admission. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in next-generation wearable sensors capable of continuous monitoring of disease symptoms, particularly those associated with COVID-19. These include wearable non/minimally invasive biophysical (temperature, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and heart rate variability) and biochemical (cytokines, cortisol, and electrolytes) sensors, sensor data analytics, and machine learning-enabled early detection and medical intervention techniques. Together, we aim to inspire the future development of wearable sensors integrated with data analytics, which serve as a foundation for disease diagnostics, health monitoring and predictions, and medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Jianhe Yuan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Gavin Fennell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Vagif Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
| | - Dima Dandachi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
| | - Dominic K. C. Ho
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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Luo G, Shi J, Deng W, Chang Z, Lu Z, Zhang Y, Pan R, Jie J, Zhang X, Zhang X. Boosting the Performance of Organic Photodetectors with a Solution-Processed Integration Circuit toward Ubiquitous Health Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301020. [PMID: 37452606 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic photodetectors, as an emerging wearable photoplethysmographic (PPG) technology, offer exciting opportunities for next-generation photonic healthcare electronics. However, the mutual restraints among photoresponse, structure complexity, and fabrication cost have intrinsically limited the development of organic photodetectors for ubiquitous health monitoring in daily activities. Here, an effective route to dramatically boost the performance of organic photodetectors with a solution-processed integration circuit for health monitoring application is reported. Through creating an ideal metal-semiconductor junction interface that minimizes the trap states within the device, solution-printed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are achieved with an ultrahigh signal amplification efficiency of 37.1 S A-1 , approaching the theoretical thermionic limit. Consequently, monolithic integration of the OFET with an organic photoconductor enables the remarkable amplification of photoresponse signal-to-noise ratio by more than four orders of magnitude from 5.5 to 4.6 × 105 , which is able to meet the demand for accurately extracting physiological information from the PPG waveforms. This work offers an effective and versatile approach to greatly enhance the photodetector performance, promising to revolutionize health monitoring technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Luo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhen Chang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjun Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rui Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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Gong K, Xu F, Zhao Z, Li W, Liu D, Zhou X, Wang L. Theoretical investigation on the functional group modulation of UV-Vis absorption profiles of triphenylamine derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22002-22010. [PMID: 37555282 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the functional group modulation of electronic structure and excitation is pivotal to the design of organic small molecules (OSMs) for photoelectric applications. In this study, we employed density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations to explore the unique absorption character of four triphenylamine photosensitizers. The various conformations were investigated given the multiple single bonds in the compounds, and the resemblance in the electronic structure of different conformations is affirmed because the coplanarity and consequent long-range conjugation is maintained regardless of the orientation of the flexible blocks. Six functionals were evaluated, and MN15 was found to successfully reproduce the intense secondary absorption peak for the double 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) modified sensitizer over B3LYP, PBE0, M062X, CAM-B3LYP, and ωB97XD. The introduction of EDOT gives rise to a new excited state S4, which is a local excitation constrained in the EDOT substituent triphenylamine block. This new excited state S4, in combination with inherent S2 and S3 derived from prototype molecule TPA-Pyc, jointly contributes to the hump of the secondary absorption peak of ETE-Pyc and finally affects the light-harvesting ability of the dye-sensitized TiO2 photoanode. The current findings provide guidance toward the rational design of OSMs with good light-harvest ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Fang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dongzhi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lichang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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Tang Y, Li R, Sun R, Min J, Lin Q, Yang C, Xie G. Flexible all-organic photodetectors via universal water-assisted transfer printing. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100460. [PMID: 37485084 PMCID: PMC10362520 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer printing of small-molecular organic semiconductors often faces challenges due to surface adhesion mismatch. Here, we developed a sacrificing-layer-assisted transfer printing technique for the deposition of small-molecular thin films. High-boiling-point ethylene glycol (EG) was doped in aqueous solution poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the sacrificing layer to manipulate residual water in film, which allowed chlorobenzene solution to spontaneously spread and form uniform film. The residual water guaranteed film delamination from the stamp, allowing for its transfer onto various substrates and seeding layers. As a proof of concept, laterally conductive organic photodetectors using recyclable EG-PEDOT:PSS electrodes and a small-molecular active layer were consecutively fabricated via transfer printing in ambient air. The resulting device exhibited a high on/off ratio of 711 and a fast rise time of 0.5 ms. Notably, the polymer electrode and the bulk heterojunction demonstrated unique repairability and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruiming Li
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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48
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Yin Z, Liu Q, Guan X, Xie M, Lu W, Wang S. Quantum-dot light-chip micro-spectrometer. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3371-3374. [PMID: 37390133 DOI: 10.1364/ol.492805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Micro-spectrometers have great potential in various fields such as medicine, agriculture, and aerospace. In this work, a quantum-dot (QD) light-chip micro-spectrometer is proposed in which QDs emit different wavelengths of light that are combined with a spectral reconstruction (SR) algorithm. The QD array itself can play the roles of both the light source and the wavelength division structure. The spectra of samples can be obtained by using this simple light source with a detector and algorithm, and the spectral resolution reaches 9.7 nm in the wavelength range from 580 nm to 720 nm. The area of the QD light chip is 4 × 7.5 mm2, which is 20 times smaller than the halogen light sources of commercial spectrometers. It does not need a wavelength division structure and greatly reduces the volume of the spectrometer. Such a micro-spectrometer can be used for material identification: in a demonstration, three kinds of transparent samples, real and fake leaves, and real and fake blood were classified with an accuracy of 100%. These results indicate that the spectrometer based on a QD light chip has broad application prospects.
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49
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Siddik AB, Georgitzikis E, Hermans Y, Kang J, Kim JH, Pejovic V, Lieberman I, Malinowski PE, Kadashchuk A, Genoe J, Conard T, Cheyns D, Heremans P. Interface-Engineered Organic Near-Infrared Photodetector for Imaging Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37326205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a high-speed low dark current near-infrared (NIR) organic photodetector (OPD) on a silicon substrate with amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) as the electron transport layer (ETL). In-depth understanding of the origin of dark current is obtained using an elaborate set of characterization techniques, including temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements, current-based deep-level transient spectroscopy (Q-DLTS), and transient photovoltage decay measurements. These characterization results are complemented by energy band structures deduced from ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of trap states and a strong dependency of activation energy on the applied reverse bias voltage point to a dark current mechanism based on trap-assisted field-enhanced thermal emission (Poole-Frenkel emission). We significantly reduce this emission by introducing a thin interfacial layer between the donor: acceptor blend and the a-IGZO ETL and obtain a dark current as low as 125 pA/cm2 at an applied reverse bias of -1 V. Thanks to the use of high-mobility metal-oxide transport layers, a fast photo response time of 639 ns (rise) and 1497 ns (fall) is achieved, which, to the best of our knowledge, is among the fastest reported for NIR OPDs. Finally, we present an imager integrating the NIR OPD on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor read-out circuit, demonstrating the significance of the improved dark current characteristics in capturing high-quality sample images with this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Bakar Siddik
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jubin Kang
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919 Ulsan, South Korea
| | | | - Vladimir Pejovic
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Andriy Kadashchuk
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky 46, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jan Genoe
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Paul Heremans
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Xu X, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Wearable Electronics Based on Stretchable Organic Semiconductors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206309. [PMID: 36794301 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics are attracting increasing interest due to the emerging Internet of Things (IoT). Compared to their inorganic counterparts, stretchable organic semiconductors (SOSs) are promising candidates for wearable electronics due to their excellent properties, including light weight, stretchability, dissolubility, compatibility with flexible substrates, easy tuning of electrical properties, low cost, and low temperature solution processability for large-area printing. Considerable efforts have been dedicated to the fabrication of SOS-based wearable electronics and their potential applications in various areas, including chemical sensors, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photodiodes (OPDs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), have been demonstrated. In this review, some recent advances of SOS-based wearable electronics based on the classification by device functionality and potential applications are presented. In addition, a conclusion and potential challenges for further development of SOS-based wearable electronics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhao Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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