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Xu H, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang Q, Zhuang M, Liao Q, Xi K. Integrating Multipolar Structures and Carboxyl Groups in sp 2-Carbon Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks for Overall Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408802. [PMID: 39039037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The direct production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through photocatalytic reaction via H2O and O2 is considered as an ideal approach. However, the efficiency of H2O2 generation is generally limited by insufficient charge and mass transfer. Covalent organic framework (COFs) offer a promising platform as metal-free photocatalyst for H2O2 production due to their potential for rational design at the molecular level. Herein, we integrated the multipolar structures and carboxyl groups into COFs to enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic H2O2 production in pure water without any sacrificial agents. The introduction of octupolar and quadrupolar structures, along with an increase of molecular planarity, created efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) sites. Meanwhile, carboxyl groups could not only boost O2 and H2O2 movement via enhancement of pore hydrophilicity, but also promote proton conduction, enabling the conversion to H2O2 from ⋅O2 -, which is the crucial intermediate product in H2O2 photocatalysis. Overall, we demonstrate that TACOF-1-COOH, consisting of optimal octupolar and quadrupolar structures, along with enrichment sites (carboxyl groups), exhibited a H2O2 yield rate of 3542 μmol h- 1 g-1 and a solar-to-chemical (SCC) efficiency of 0.55 %. This work provides valuable insights for designing metal-free photocatalysts for efficient H2O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yandong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mingyan Zhuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiaobo Liao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
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2
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Li S, Zhang Z, Marks WR, Huang X, Chen H, Stoian DC, Erni R, Triana CA, Patzke GR. {Co 4O 4} Cubanes in a conducting polymer matrix as bio-inspired molecular oxygen evolution catalysts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8432. [PMID: 39343967 PMCID: PMC11439914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploration of efficient molecular water oxidation catalysts for long-term application remains a key challenge for the conversion of renewable energy sources into fuels. Cuboidal {Co4O4} complexes keep attracting interest as molecular water oxidation catalysts as they combine features of both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis with bio-inspired motifs. However, the application of many cluster-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction still requires new stabilization strategies. Drawing inspiration from the stabilizing effects of natural polymers, we introduce a conductive polymer-hybrid approach to covalently immobilize {Co4O4} cubane oxo clusters as oxygen evolution catalysts. Polypyrrole is applied as an efficient p-type conducting polymer that promotes hole transfer during the oxygen evolution reaction, resulting in higher turnover frequency compared to the pristine {Co4O4} oxo cluster and heterogeneous Co-oxide benchmarks. The asymmetric coordination of {Co4O4} not only mitigates catalyst decomposition pathways, but also increases the catalytic efficiency by exposing a directed cofacial dihydroxide motif during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zeyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walker R Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xinan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dragos C Stoian
- Swiss-Norwegian Beamlines - European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Triana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Sharme RK, Quijada M, Terrones M, Rana MM. Thin Conducting Films: Preparation Methods, Optical and Electrical Properties, and Emerging Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4559. [PMID: 39336302 PMCID: PMC11432801 DOI: 10.3390/ma17184559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Thin conducting films are distinct from bulk materials and have become prevalent over the past decades as they possess unique physical, electrical, optical, and mechanical characteristics. Comprehending these essential properties for developing novel materials with tailored features for various applications is very important. Research on these conductive thin films provides us insights into the fundamental principles, behavior at different dimensions, interface phenomena, etc. This study comprehensively analyzes the intricacies of numerous commonly used thin conducting films, covering from the fundamentals to their advanced preparation methods. Moreover, the article discusses the impact of different parameters on those thin conducting films' electronic and optical properties. Finally, the recent future trends along with challenges are also highlighted to address the direction the field is heading towards. It is imperative to review the study to gain insight into the future development and advancing materials science, thus extending innovation and addressing vital challenges in diverse technological domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Khan Sharme
- Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences, and Research on Nanomaterial-Based Integrated Circuits and Electronics (NICE), Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA;
| | - Manuel Quijada
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, PMB 196, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Mukti M. Rana
- Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences, and Research on Nanomaterial-Based Integrated Circuits and Electronics (NICE), Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA;
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Yan Y, Meng Q, Tian L, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Engineering of g-C 3N 4 for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8842. [PMID: 39201528 PMCID: PMC11354686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts have garnered significant interest as a promising photocatalyst for hydrogen generation under visible light, to address energy and environmental challenges owing to their favorable electronic structure, affordability, and stability. In spite of that, issues such as high charge carrier recombination rates and low quantum efficiency impede its broader application. To overcome these limitations, structural and morphological modification of the g-C3N4-based photocatalysts is a novel frontline to improve the photocatalytic performance. Therefore, we briefly summarize the current preparation methods of g-C3N4. Importantly, this review highlights recent advancements in crafting high-performance g-C3N4-based photocatalysts, focusing on strategies like elemental doping, nanostructure design, bandgap engineering, and heterostructure construction. Notably, sophisticated doping techniques have propelled hydrogen production rates to a 104-fold increase. Ingenious nanostructure designs have expanded the surface area by a factor of 26, concurrently extending the fluorescence lifetime of charge carriers by 50%. Moreover, the strategic assembly of heterojunctions has not only elevated charge carrier separation efficiency but also preserved formidable redox properties, culminating in a dramatic hundredfold surge in hydrogen generation performance. This work provides a reliable and brief overview of the controlled modification engineering of g-C3N4-based photocatalyst systems, paving the way for more efficient hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Qing Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Long Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China
| | - Yulong Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yingzhi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China
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Li G, Qiu T, Wu Q, Zhao Z, Wang L, Li Y, Geng Y, Tan H. Pyrene-Alkyne-Based Conjugated Porous Polymers with Skeleton Distortion-Mediated ⋅O 2 - and 1O 2 Generation for High-Selectivity Organic Photosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405396. [PMID: 38818672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in determining photocatalytic reaction pathways, intermediate species, and product selectivity. However, research on ROS regulation in polymer photocatalysts is still in its early stages. Herein, we successfully achieved series of modulations to the skeleton of Pyrene-alkyne-based (Tetraethynylpyrene (TEPY)) conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) by altering the linkers (1,4-dibromobenzene (BE), 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl (IP), and 3,3'-dibromobiphenyl (BP)). Experiments combined with theoretical calculations indicate that BE-TEPY exhibits a planar structure with minimal exciton binding energy, which favors exciton dissociation followed by charge transfer with adsorbed O2 to produce ⋅O2 -. Thus BE-TEPY shows optimal photocatalytic activity for phenylboronic acid oxidation and [3+2] cycloaddition. Conversely, the skeleton of BP-TEPY is significantly distorted. Its planar conjugation decreases, intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency increases, which makes it more prone for resonance energy transfer to generate 1O2. Therefore, BP-TEPY displays best photocatalytic activity in [4+2] cycloaddition and thioanisole oxidation. Both above reactant conversion and its product selectivity exceed 99 %. This work systematically reveals the intrinsic structure-activity relationship among the skeleton structure of CPPs, excitonic behavior, and selective generation of ROS, providing new insights for the rational design of highly efficient and selective CPPs photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Tianyu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yangguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yun Geng
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Huaqiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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Qin Y, She P, Wang Y, Wong WY. An All-In-One Integrating Strategy for Designing Platinum(II)-Based Supramolecular Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400259. [PMID: 38624171 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Organic polymer photocatalysts have achieved significant progress in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, while developing the integrated organic polymers possessing the functions of photosensitizer, electron transfer mediator, and catalyst simultaneously is urgently needed and presents a great challenge. Considering that chalcogenoviologens are able to act as photosensitizers and electron-transfer mediators, a series of chalcogenoviologen-containing platinum(II)-based supramolecular polymers is designed, which exhibited strong visible light-absorbing ability and suitable bandgap for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution without the use of a cocatalyst. The hydrogen evolution rate (HER) increases steadily with the decrease in an optical gap of the polymer. Among these "all-in-one" polymers, Se-containing 2D porous polymer exhibited the best photocatalytic performance with a HER of 3.09 mmol g-1 h-1 under visible light (>420 nm) irradiation. Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the distinct intramolecular charge transfer characteristics and heteroatom N in terpyridine unit promote charge separation and transfer within the molecules. This work could provide new insights into the design of metallo-supramolecular polymers with finely tuned components for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Qin
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei She
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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Zhao C, Li Z, Wu X, Su H, Bai FQ, Ran X, Yang L, Fang W, Yang X. Theory-Guided Experimental Design of Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400541. [PMID: 38644221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The high crystalline covalent triazine framework-1 (CTF-1), composed of alternating triazine and phenylene, has emerged as an efficient photocatalyst for solar-driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, it is of great challenge to further improve photocatalytic HER performance via increasing crystallinity due to its near-perfect crystallization. Herein, an alternative strategy of scaffold functionalization is employed to optimize the energy band structure of crystalline CTF-1 for boosting hydrogen-evolving activity. Guided by the computational predictions, versatile CTF-based polymer photocatalysts are prepared with different functional groups (OH, NH2, COOH) using binary polymerization for practical hydrogen production. Experiment evidence verifies that the introduction of a limited number of electron-donating groups is sufficient to maintain high crystallinity in CTF, modulate the band structure, broaden visible light absorption, and consequently enhance its photophysical properties. Notably, the functionalization with OH exhibits the most positive effect on CTF-1, delivering a photocatalytic activity with a hydrogen-producing rate exceeding 100 µmol h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhaolin Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xinzhao Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Hengwei Su
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Xia Ran
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Lu S, Liu H. Molecular Doping on Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13331-13338. [PMID: 38872351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Molecular doping is an innovative approach to modify the electronic configuration of carbon nitride (CN) photocatalysts, enhancing visible light absorption and optimizing the recombination of electron-hole pairs in photocatalytic H2 generation. Unlike the conventional heteroatom incorporation strategy, molecular doping offers a more effective means of structure optimization and conjugated framework. This Perspective studies recent advancements in benzene-ring doping for CN, emphasizing the correlation between structure and photocatalytic activity. The advantages and disadvantages of molecular doping in CN are thoroughly demonstrated, underscoring the importance of utilizing molecular doping to fine-tune both electronic and physical structures for enhanced photocatalytic efficacy. Insights are provided on strategies to address limitations and explore new prospects in the field of molecular doping methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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Zhang B, Genene Z, Wang J, Wang D, Zhao C, Pan J, Liu D, Sun W, Zhu J, Wang E. Facile Synthesis of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Heterojunctions of Glycolated Conjugated Polymer-TiO 2-X for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402649. [PMID: 38949403 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of the organic-inorganic hybrid photocatalysts for water splitting has gained significant attention due to their ability to combine the advantages of both materials and generate synergistic effects. However, they are still far from practical application due to the limited understanding of the interactions between these two components and the complexity of their preparation process. Herein, a facial approach by combining a glycolated conjugated polymer with a TiO2-X mesoporous sphere to prepare high-efficiency hybrid photocatalysts is presented. The functionalization of conjugated polymers with hydrophilic oligo (ethylene glycol) side chains can not only facilitate the dispersion of conjugated polymers in water but also promote the interaction with TiO2-X forming stable heterojunction nanoparticles. An apparent quantum yield of 53.3% at 365 nm and a hydrogen evolution rate of 35.7 mmol h-1 g-1 is achieved by the photocatalyst in the presence of Pt co-catalyst. Advanced photophysical studies based on femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and in situ, XPS analyses reveal the charge transfer mechanism at type II heterojunction interfaces. This work shows the promising prospect of glycolated polymers in the construction of hybrid heterojunctions for photocatalytic hydrogen production and offers a deep understanding of high photocatalytic performance by such heterojunction photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Zhang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Zewdneh Genene
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Jinzhong Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jingwen Pan
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Donghao Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wenhao Sun
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Jiefang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 21, Sweden
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of The Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
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10
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Ramírez O, Lopéz-Frances A, Baldoví HG, Saldías C, Navalón S, Leiva A, Díaz DD. Hydrogel composites based on chitosan and CuAuTiO 2 photocatalysts for hydrogen production under simulated sunlight irradiation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132898. [PMID: 38844280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using novel biohydrogel composites comprising chitosan, and a photocatalyst consisting in TiO2 P25 decorated with Au and/or Cu mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) to boost its optical and catalytic properties. Low loads of Cu and Au (1 mol%) were incorporated onto TiO2 via a green photodeposition methodology. Characterization techniques confirmed the incorporation of decoration metals as well as improvements in the light absorption properties in the visible light interval (λ > 390 nm) and electron transfer capability of the semiconductors. Thereafter, Au and/or Cu NP-supported TiO2 were incorporated into chitosan-based physically crosslinked hydrogels revealing significant interactions between chitosan functional groups (hydroxyls, amines and amides) with the NPs to ensure its encapsulation. These materials were evaluated as photocatalysts for the HER using water and methanol mixtures under simulated sunlight and visible light irradiation. Sample CuAuTiO2/ChTPP exhibited a maximum hydrogen generation of 1790 μmol g-1 h-1 under simulated sunlight irradiation, almost 12-folds higher compared with TiO2/ChTPP. Also, the nanocomposites revealed a similar tendency under visible light with a maximum hydrogen production of 590 μmol g-1 h-1. These results agree with the efficiency of photoinduced charge separation revealed by transient photocurrent and EIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Ramírez
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Antón Lopéz-Frances
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Herme G Baldoví
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - César Saldías
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Sergio Navalón
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Angel Leiva
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de la Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica, Universidad de la Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Spain.
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11
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Zhang X, Wu X, Chen R, Xu QH. A triazine-based covalent organic framework decorated with cadmium sulfide for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:100-108. [PMID: 38518422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Construction of inorganic/organic heterostructures has been proven to be a very promising strategy to design highly efficient photocatalysts for solar driven hydrogen evolution from water. Herein, we report the preparation of a direct Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst by in situ growth of cadmium sulfide on a triazine-based covalent organic framework (COF). The triazine based-COF was synthesized by condensation reaction of precursors 1,3,5-tris-(4-formyl-phenyl) triazine (TFPT) and 2,5-bis-(3-hydroxypropoxy) terephthalohydrazide (DHTH), termed as TFPT-DHTH-COF. Widely distributed nitrogen atoms throughout TFPT-DHTH-COF skeletons serve as anchoring sites for strong interfacial interactions with CdS. The CdS/TFPT-DHTH-COF composite showed a hydrogen evolution rate of 15.75 mmol h-1 g-1, which is about 75 times higher than that of TFPT-DHTH-COF (0.21 mmol h-1 g-1) and 3.4 times higher than that of CdS (4.57 mmol h-1 g-1). With the properly staggered band alignment and strong interfacial interaction between TFPT-DHTH-COF and CdS, a Z-scheme charge transfer pathway is achieved. The mechanism has been systematically analyzed by steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements as well as in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rufan Chen
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Qing-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China.
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12
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Su Y, Li B, Wang Z, Legrand A, Aoyama T, Fu S, Wu Y, Otake KI, Bonn M, Wang HI, Liao Q, Urayama K, Kitagawa S, Huang L, Furukawa S, Gu C. Quasi-Homogeneous Photocatalysis in Ultrastiff Microporous Polymer Aerogels. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15479-15487. [PMID: 38780095 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient and low-cost catalysts is essential for photocatalysis; however, the intrinsically low photocatalytic efficiency as well as the difficulty in using and recycling photocatalysts in powder morphology greatly limit their practical performance. Herein, we describe quasi-homogeneous photocatalysis to overcome these two limitations by constructing ultrastiff, hierarchically porous, and photoactive aerogels of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). The CMP aerogels exhibit low density but high stiffness beyond 105 m2 s-2, outperforming most low-density materials. Extraordinary stiffness ensures their use as robust scaffolds for scaled photocatalysis and recycling without damage at the macroscopic level. A challenging but desirable reaction for direct deaminative borylation is demonstrated using CMP aerogel-based quasi-homogeneous photocatalysis with gram-scale productivity and record-high efficiency under ambient conditions. Combined terahertz and transient absorption spectroscopic studies unveil the generation of high-mobility free carriers and long-lived excitonic species in the CMP aerogels, underlying the observed superior catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Zaoming Wang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Alexandre Legrand
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université de Lille, Université d'Artois, UMR 8181, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Takuma Aoyama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Ken-Ichi Otake
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55122, Germany
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Kenji Urayama
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Susumu Kitagawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Liangbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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13
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Jia G, Sun F, Zhou T, Wang Y, Cui X, Guo Z, Fan F, Yu JC. Charge redistribution of a spatially differentiated ferroelectric Bi 4Ti 3O 12 single crystal for photocatalytic overall water splitting. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4746. [PMID: 38834546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis is a promising approach to produce clean fuels via renewable solar energy. However, it is practically constrained by two issues of slow photogenerated carrier migration and rapid electron/hole recombination. It is also a challenge to achieve a 2:1 ratio of H2 and O2 for overall water splitting. Here we report a rational design of spatially differentiated two-dimensional Bi4Ti3O12 nanosheets to enhance overall water splitting. Such a spatially differentiated structure overcomes the limitation of charge transfer across different crystal planes in a single crystal semiconductor. The experimental results show a redistribution of charge within a crystal plane. The resulting photocatalyst produces 40.3 μmol h-1 of hydrogen and 20.1 μmol h-1 of oxygen at a near stoichiometric ratio of 2:1 and a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 0.1% under simulated solar light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangri Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Fusai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhengxiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Jimmy C Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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14
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Ma T, Liu Z, Deng J, Han E, Liang J, Wang R. II-Scheme Heterojunction Frameworks Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks and HKUST-1 for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400987. [PMID: 38818947 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are one type of promising polymer semiconductors in solar-driven hydrogen production, but majority of COFs-based photocatalytic systems show low photocatalytic efficiency owing to lack of metal active sites. Herein, we reported II-Scheme heterojunction frameworks based on COF (TpPa-1) and metal-organic framework (HKUST-1) for highly efficient hydrogen production. The coordination bonding directed self-assembly of HKUST-1 on the surface of TpPa-1 endows the heterojunction frameworks (HKUST-1/TpPa-1) with strong interface interaction, optimized electronic structures and abundant redox active sites, thus remarkably boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The hydrogen evolution rate for optimal HKUST-1/TpPa-1 is as high as 10.50 mmol g-1 h-1, which is significantly enhanced when compared with that of their physical mixture (4.13 mmol g-1 h-1), TpPa-1 (0.013 mmol g-1 h-1) and Pt-based counterpart (6.70 mmol g-1 h-1). This work offers a facile approach to the construction of noble-metal-free II-Scheme heterojunctions based on framework materials for efficient solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Deng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, China
| | - Enshan Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, China
- College of Chemical and Textile Engineering, Xinjiang University of Science and Technology, Korla, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruihu Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Ahmed MS, Nayak SK, Bhavani B, Banerjee D, Prasanthkumar S, Giribabu L, Soma VR, Raavi SSK. Hot carrier dynamics in metalated porphyrin-naphthalimide thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15681-15692. [PMID: 38766760 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study employs femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to investigate the rapid dynamics of excited state carriers in three metalated porphyrin-naphthalimide (PN) molecules and one free-base molecule. The dynamics of electron injection, from PN to mesoporous titania (TiO2), in PN adsorbed TiO2 films (Ti-PN), were carefully investigated and compared to PN adsorbed ZrO2 films (Zr-PN). In addition, we examined the self-assembled PN films and found that, in their self-assembled state, these molecules exhibited a longer relaxation time than Zr-PN monomeric films, where the charge injection channel was insignificant. The ground-state bleach band in the Ti-PN films gradually shifted to longer wavelengths, indicating the occurrence of the Stark effect. Faster electron injection was observed for the metalated PN systems and the electron injection times from the various excited states to the conduction band of TiO2 (CB-TiO2) were obtained from the target model analysis of the transient absorption spectra data matrix. In these metal-organic complexes, hot electron injection from PN to CB-TiO2 occurred on a time scale of <360 fs. Importantly, Cu(II)-based PN complexes exhibited faster injection and longer recombination times. The injection times have been estimated to result from a locally excited state at ≈280 fs, a hot singlet excited state at 4.95 ps, and a vibrationally relaxed singlet excited state at 97.88 ps. The critical photophysical and charge injection processes seen here provide the potential for exploring the underlying factors involved and how they correlate with photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soif Ahmed
- Ultrafast Photophysics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India.
| | - Sudhanshu Kumar Nayak
- Ultrafast Photophysics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India.
| | - Botta Bhavani
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dipanjan Banerjee
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia - Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Venugopal Rao Soma
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia - Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Sai Santosh Kumar Raavi
- Ultrafast Photophysics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India.
- Department of Climate Change, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India
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16
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Lv X, Liu D, Chen R, Liu H, Weng L, He L, Liu S. Bismuth-Doped Carbon Dots Decorated Escherichia coli for Enhanced Hydrogen Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38687628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthetic inorganic biohybrid systems (PBSs) combining an inorganic photosensitizer with intact living cells provide an innovative view for solar hydrogen production. However, typical whole-cell biohybrid systems often suffer from sluggish electron transfer kinetics during transmembrane diffusion, which severely limits the efficiency of solar hydrogen production. Here, a unique biohybrid system with a quantum yield of 8.42% was constructed by feeding bismuth-doped carbon dots (Bi@CDS) to Escherichia coli (E. coli). In this biohybrid system, Bi@CDS can enter the cells and transfer the electrons upon light irradiation, greatly reducing the energy loss and shortening the distance of electron transfer. More importantly, the photocatalytic hydrogen production of the E. coli-Bi@CDs biohybrid system reached up to 0.95 mmol within 3 h under light irradiation (420-780 nm, 2000 W m-2), which is 1.36 and 2.38 times higher than that in the E. coli-CDs biohybrid system and the E. coli system, respectively. In addition, the mechanism of enhanced hydrogen production was further explored. It was found that the accelerated decomposition of glucose, the accelerated production of pyruvate, the inhibition of lactic acid, and the increase of formic acid were the reasons for the increase of hydrogen production. This work provides a novel strategy for improving the hydrogen production in photosynthetic inorganic biohybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Danqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haoxin Liu
- Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose T4V 2R3, Canada
| | - Ling Weng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Liangcan He
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research InstituteHarbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research InstituteHarbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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17
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Guo Y, Sun J, Guo T, Liu Y, Yao Z. Emerging Light-Harvesting Materials Based on Organic Photovoltaic D/A Heterojunctions for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319664. [PMID: 38240469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting to hydrogen is a highly promising method to meet the surging energy consumption globally through the environmentally friendly means. As the initial step before photocatalysis, harvesting photons from sunlight is crucially important, thus making the design of photosensitizers with visible even near-infrared (NIR) absorptions get more and more attentions. In the past three years, organic donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunctions with absorptions extending to 950 nm, have emerged as the new star light-harvesting materials for photocatalytic water splitting, demonstrating exciting advantages over inorganic materials in solar light utilization, hydrogen yielding rate, etc. This Minireview firstly gives a brief discussion about the principle processes and determining factors for photocatalytic water splitting with organic photovoltaic D/A heterojunction as photosensitizers. Thereafter, the current progress is summarized in details by introducing typical and excellent D/A heterojunction-based photocatalytic systems. Finally, not only the great prospects but also the most challenging issues confronted by organic D/A heterojunctions are indicated along with a perspective on the opportunities and new directions for future material explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jiayuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Tao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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18
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Wang A, Yang X, Wang Q, Dou Y, Zhao L, Zhu W, Zhao W, Zhu G. Acenaphthenediimine complex-bridged porphyrin porous organic polymer with enriched active sites as a robust water splitting electrocatalyst. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 657:748-756. [PMID: 38071823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
To realize efficient water splitting, a highly promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst is needed for the generation of hydrogen. Herein, we demonstrate a novel acenaphthenediimine complex-bridged porphyrin porous organic polymer (NiTAPP-NiACQ) with enriched active metal sites and hierarchical pores. The as-prepared NiTAPP-NiACQ exhibits good long-term durability and remarkable HER performance in 1.0 M KOH with a low overpotential of 117 mV at 10 mA cm-2, which is comparable to many previously reported electrocatalytic HER systems. Furthermore, a simple water-alkali electrolyzer using NiTAPP-NiACQ as the cathode requires a small cell voltage of 1.59 V to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at room temperature, along with outstanding durability. NiTAPP-NiACQ features not only a metal ion as the catalytic active center in the porphyrin core but also metal ion coordination on the anthraquinone component to promote HER performance, enabling multiple metal ions as the electrocatalytic active sites for the HER reaction. The excellent HER activity of NiTAPP-NiACQ is ascribed to a combination of mechanisms. These findings highlight the viability of porphyrin-derived porous organic polymers in energy conversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijian Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yuqin Dou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Guisheng Zhu
- Institute of SOPO, Jiangsu SOPO Corporation (Group) LTD, Zhenjiang 212006, PR China
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19
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Tang Q, Han Y, Chen L, Qi Q, Yu J, Yu SB, Yang B, Wang HY, Zhang J, Xie SH, Tian F, Xie Z, Jiang H, Ke Y, Yang G, Li ZT, Tian J. Bioinspired Self-Assembly of Metalloporphyrins and Polyelectrolytes into Hierarchical Supramolecular Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic H 2 Production in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315599. [PMID: 38169100 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Polypeptides, as natural polyelectrolytes, are assembled into tailored proteins to integrate chromophores and catalytic sites for photosynthesis. Mimicking nature to create the water-soluble nanoassemblies from synthetic polyelectrolytes and photocatalytic molecular species for artificial photosynthesis is still rare. Here, we report the enhancement of the full-spectrum solar-light-driven H2 production within a supramolecular system built by the co-assembly of anionic metalloporphyrins with cationic polyelectrolytes in water. This supramolecular photocatalytic system achieves a H2 production rate of 793 and 685 μmol h-1 g-1 over 24 h with a combination of Mg or Zn porphyrin as photosensitizers and Cu porphyrin as a catalyst, which is more than 23 times higher than that of free molecular controls. With a photosensitizer to catalyst ratio of 10000 : 1, the highest H2 production rate of >51,700 μmol h-1 g-1 with a turnover number (TON) of >1,290 per molecular catalyst was achieved over 24 h irradiation. The hierarchical self-assembly not only enhances photostability through forming ordered stackings of the metalloporphyrins but also facilitates both energy and electron transfer from antenna molecules to catalysts, and therefore promotes the photocatalysis. This study provides structural and mechanistic insights into the self-assembly enhanced photostability and catalytic performance of supramolecular photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxuan Tang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lingxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoyan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Junlai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yang Wang
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jiangshan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Song-Hai Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, China Spallation Neutron Source, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523803, P. R. China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hanqiu Jiang
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, China Spallation Neutron Source, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523803, P. R. China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Ke
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, China Spallation Neutron Source, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523803, P. R. China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guanyu Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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20
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Chen Z, Wang JC, Du JQ, Kan X, Sun T, Kan JL, Dong YB. Construction of Multifunctional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303497. [PMID: 38017237 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently drawn intense attention due to their potential applications in photocatalysis. Herein, we report a multifunctional COF which consists of triphenylamine (TPA) and 2,2'-bipyridine (2, 2'-bipy) entities. The obtained TAPA-BPy-COF is a heterogeneous photocatalyst and can efficiently catalyze the oxidative coupling of thiols to disulfides. In addition, TAPA-BPy-COF can be further metalated by Pd(II) via 2,2'-bipy-metal coordination. The generated Pd@TAPA-BPy-COF can highly promote photocatalytic synthesis of 3-cyanopyridines via cascade addition/cyclization of arylboronic acids with γ-ketodinitriles in heterogeneous way. This work has demonstrated the way for the rational design and preparation of more efficient photoactive COFs for photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Ji'nan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Cheng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Ji'nan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Ji'nan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Kan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Ji'nan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Ting Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Ji'nan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Lan Kan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Ji'nan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Ji'nan, 250014, P. R. China
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21
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Cheng J, Wu Y, Zhang W, Zhang J, Wang L, Zhou M, Fan F, Wu X, Xu H. Fully Conjugated 2D sp 2 Carbon-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305313. [PMID: 37818737 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold great promise for solar-driven hydrogen production. However, metal-free COFs for photocatalytic overall water splitting remain elusive, primarily due to challenges in simultaneously regulating their band structures and catalytic sites to enable concurrent half-reactions. Herein, two types of π-conjugated COFs containing the same donor-acceptor structure are constructed via Knoevenagel condensation and Schiff base reaction to afford cyanovinylene- and imine-bridged COFs, respectively. The difference in the linkage leads to a remarkable difference in their photocatalytic activity toward water splitting. The 2D sp2 carbon-linked COF exhibits notable activity for photocatalytic overall water splitting, which can reach an apparent quantum efficiency of 2.53% at 420 nm. In contrast, the 2D imine-linked COF cannot catalyze the overall water-splitting reaction. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the cyanovinylene linkage is essential in modulating the band structure and promoting charge separation in COFs, thereby enabling overall water splitting. Moreover, it is further shown that crystallinity substantially impacts the photocatalytic performance of COFs. This study represents the first successful example of developing metal-free COFs with high crystallinity for photocatalytic overall water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Chean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Chean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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22
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Hua Z, Wu B, Zhang Y, Wang C, Dong T, Song Y, Jiang Y, Wang C. Efficient Charge Separation and Transport in Fullerene-CuPcOC 8 Donor-Acceptor Nanorod Enhancing Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:256. [PMID: 38334527 PMCID: PMC10856716 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen generation via water decomposition is a promising avenue in the pursuit of large-scale, cost-effective renewable hydrogen energy generation. However, the design of an efficient photocatalyst plays a crucial role in achieving high yields in hydrogen generation. Herein, we have engineered a fullerene-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa(octyloxy)copper phthalocyanine (C60-CuPcOC8) photocatalyst, achieving both efficient hydrogen generation and high stability. The significant donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions facilitate the efficient electron transfer from CuPcOC8 to C60. The rate of photocatalytic hydrogen generation for C60-CuPcOC8 is 8.32 mmol·g-1·h-1, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the individual C60 and CuPcOC8. The remarkable increase in hydrogen generation activity can be attributed to the development of a robust internal electric field within the C60-CuPcOC8 assembly. It is 16.68 times higher than that of the pure CuPcOC8. The strong internal electric field facilitates the rapid separation within 0.6 ps, enabling photogenerated charge transfer efficiently. Notably, the hydrogen generation efficiency of C60-CuPcOC8 remains above 95%, even after 10 h, showing its exceptional photocatalytic stability. This study provides critical insight into advancing the field of photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Hua
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Bo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Chong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Tianyang Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yupeng Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (T.D.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
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23
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Fu G, Yang D, Xu S, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang H, Wu D, Petkov PS, Lan ZA, Wang X, Zhang T. Construction of Thiadiazole-Bridged sp 2-Carbon-Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks with Diminished Excitation Binding Energy Toward Superior Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1318-1325. [PMID: 38181378 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Sp2-carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (sp2c-COFs) have emerged as promising platforms for phototo-chemical energy conversion due to their tailorable optoelectronic properties, in-plane π-conjugations, and robust structures. However, the development of sp2c-COFs in photocatalysis is still highly hindered by their limited linkage chemistry. Herein, we report a novel thiadiazole-bridged sp2c-COF (sp2c-COF-ST) synthesized by thiadiazole-mediated aldol-type polycondensation. The resultant sp2c-COF-ST demonstrates high chemical stability under strong acids and bases (12 M HCl or 12 M NaOH). The electro-deficient thiadiazole together with fully conjugated and planar skeleton endows sp2c-COF-ST with superior photoelectrochemical performance and charge-carrier separation and migration ability. As a result, when employed as a photocathode, sp2c-COF-ST exhibits a significant photocurrent up to ∼14.5 μA cm-2 at 0.3 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under visible-light irradiation (>420 nm), which is much higher than those analogous COFs with partial imine linkages (mix-COF-SNT ∼ 9.5 μA cm-2) and full imine linkages (imi-COF-SNNT ∼ 4.9 μA cm-2), emphasizing the importance of the structure-property relationships. Further temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the sp2c-COF-ST has smaller exciton binding energy as well as effective mass in comparison to mix-COF-SNT and imi-COF-SNNT, which suggests that the sp2c-conjugated skeleton enhances the exciton dissociation and carrier migration under light irradiation. This work highlights the design and preparation of thiadiazole-bridged sp2c-COFs with promising photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Denghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Shengxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Petko Stoev Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Zhi-An Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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24
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Wu W, Yu S, Forbes DS, Jiang H, Ahmed M, Mei J. Efficient and Modular Biofunctionalization of Thiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers through Embedded Latent Disulfide. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:578-585. [PMID: 38157440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Biofunctionalized conjugated polymers (i.e., carrying enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acids) are of great interest for many biological applications, yet efficient biofunctionalization of conjugated polymers under biocompatible conditions is challenging. We report a facile strategy to make biofunctionalized conjugated polymers through thiol-ene chemistry with embedded latent disulfide functional groups. This is made possible through the design of a cyclic disulfide-containing dioxythiophene, which can be integrated into a series of conjugated polymers via acid-catalyzed chain-growth polymerization. The utility of such a biofunctionalized polymer with glucose oxidase has been examined in organic electrochemical transistors for the selective sensing of glucose. This work provides a venue for the creation of biofunctional organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Songyan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dylan S Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hanning Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mustafa Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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25
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He W, Zhou J, Xu W, Li C, Li J, Wang N. Regulating the Content of Donor Unit in Donor-Acceptor Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Promoting Photocatalytic H 2 Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301175. [PMID: 37724486 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Using their own triazine groups as natural receptors, the introduction of various donor units to construct donor-receptor configuration in covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) has been shown to be an effective strategy to improve photocatalytic activity. In this work, the effect of donor unit content (D-content) on the photoelectric properties and photocatalytic activity of CTFs was thoroughly investigated. Four analogous CTFs with different D-content have been rationally designed and synthesized, in which the bithiophene (Btp) as the donor unit and triazine as the acceptor unit. And CTF-Btp with the highest D-content showed the best photocatalytic activity. The experimental and theoretical results indicated this improvement is attributed to stronger visible light absorption capacity and higher photoinduced charge carrier separation efficiency. This study elucidates the relationship between the structural features of CTFs with varying D-content and their photocatalytic activity, offering a promising strategy for developing efficient photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Chengbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
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26
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Liu Y, Kang F, Bi C, Shi J, Gao G, An Y, Huang Z. Bandgap engineering control bifunctional Mn xCd 1-xS photocatalysts selectively reforming xylose to C3 organic acids and efficient hydrogen production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:2066-2075. [PMID: 37696060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous reforming of biomass into high value-added chemicals and H2 production by water splitting in a green and environmentally clean way is a very challenging task. Herein, we demonstrate the design of bifunctional MnxCd1-xS photocatalyst with a controllable band gap by bandgap engineering. Bandgap engineering effectively regulates the oxidation and reduction capacity of materials. The design of photocatalysts with suitable conduction bands and valence bands makes the targeted conversion of xylose possible. Innovative conversion of xylose to glyceric acid, lactic acid, and propanoic acid. The optimized Mn0.7Cd0.3S catalyst showed excellent performance in the production of H2 (14.06 mmol·gcat-1·h-1, 29.9 times more than CdS and 351.5 times more than MnS), xylose conversion (90%), and C3 organic acid yield (59.2%) without cocatalyst and any scavengers under visible light irradiation. This work shows that a rational photocatalyst design can achieve efficient simultaneous production of high value-added chemicals and clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fuyan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunyu Bi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Junming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guoyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yulong An
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhanhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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27
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Mills HA, Rahman S, Zigelstein R, Xu H, Varju BR, Bender TP, Wilson MWB, Seferos DS. Sequence-Defined Conjugated Oligomers in Donor-Acceptor Dyads. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23519-23526. [PMID: 37862238 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated macromolecules have a rich history in chemistry, owing to their chemical arrangements that intertwine physical and electronic properties. The continuing study and application of these systems, however, necessitates the development of atomically precise models that bridge the gap between molecules, polymers, and/or their blends. One class of conjugated polymers that have facilitated the advancement of structure-property relationships is discrete, precision oligomers that have remained an outstanding synthetic challenge with only a handful of reported examples. Here we show the first synthesis of molecular dyads featuring sequence-defined oligothiophene donors covalently linked a to small-molecule acceptor. These dyads serve as a platform for probing complex photophysical interactions involving sequence-defined oligomers. This assessment is facilitated through the unprecedented control of oligothiophene length- and sequence-dependent arrangement relative to the acceptor unit, made possible by the incorporation of hydroxyl-containing side chains at precise positions along the backbone through sequence-defined oligomerizations. We show that both the oligothiophene sequence and length play complementary roles in determining the transfer efficiency of photoexcited states. Overall, the work highlights the importance of the spatial arrangement of donor-acceptor systems that are commonly studied for a range of uses, including light harvesting and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison A Mills
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Samihat Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rachel Zigelstein
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Bryton R Varju
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Timothy P Bender
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Mark W B Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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28
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Wu H, He X, Du X, Wang D, Li W, Chen H, Fang W, Zhao L. The Linkage-Moderated Covalent Organic Frameworks with C=N and NN on Charge Transfer Kinetics Towards the Robust Photocatalytic Hydrogen Activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304367. [PMID: 37566780 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the linkages structured in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) usually impact the charge transfer behavior during photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (pc-HER), linkage dependence on charge transfer kinetics should be further claimed. Herein, COFs with N-based linkages and pyrene-based building nodes are constructed to enable us to obtain new clues about the charge transfer behavior and evolution tendency relevant to linkages at a molecular level for pc-HER. It is demonstrated that photo-excited electrons preferably move to the N sites in C=N linkage for pc-HER and are trapped around NN linkage as well. A high electron transfer rate does not point to high photocatalytic activity directly, while a small difference between the electron transfer rate and electron recombination rate ΔkCT - CR predicts the inefficiency of charge transfer in Azod-COFs. Contrarily, large value of ΔkCT - CR in the case of Benzd-COFs, demonstrats an unimpeded charge transfer process to result in boosted pc-HER rate (2027.3 µmol h-1 g-1 ). This work offers a prominent strategy for the reasonable design of efficient photocatalysts at the molecular level for structural regulation and achieves an efficient charge transfer process for the pc-HER process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Xuan He
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Xing Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Daheng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Weixin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
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29
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Li Q, Chang JN, Wang Z, Lu M, Guo C, Zhang M, Yu TY, Chen Y, Li SL, Lan YQ. Modulated Connection Modes of Redox Units in Molecular Junction Covalent Organic Frameworks for Artificial Photosynthetic Overall Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23167-23175. [PMID: 37820308 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The precise tuning of components, spatial orientations, or connection modes for redox units is vital for gaining deep insight into efficient artificial photosynthetic overall reaction, yet it is still hard achieve for heterojunction photocatalysts. Here, we have developed a series of redox molecular junction covalent organic frameworks (COFs) (M-TTCOF-Zn, M = Bi, Tri, and Tetra) for artificial photosynthetic overall reaction. The covalent connection between TAPP-Zn and multidentate TTF endows various connection modes between water photo-oxidation (multidentate TTF) and CO2 photoreduction (TAPP-Zn) centers that can serve as desired platforms to study the possible interactions between redox centers. Notably, Bi-TTCOF-Zn exhibits a high CO production rate of 11.56 μmol g-1 h-1 (selectivity, ∼100%), which is more than 2 and 6 times higher than those of Tri-TTCOF-Zn and Tetra-TTCOF-Zn, respectively. As revealed by theoretical calculations, Bi-TTCOF-Zn facilitates a more uniform distribution of energy-level orbitals, faster charge transfer, and stronger *OH adsorption/stabilization ability than those of Tri-TTCOF-Zn and Tetra-TTCOF-Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Construction Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Nan Chang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zengmei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Construction Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P.R. China
| | - Meng Lu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Can Guo
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Mi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Tao-Yuan Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yifa Chen
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Li Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
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30
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Sheng L, Wang J, Zhang W, Li Q, Yang J. Data-Driven Discovery of a Covalent Organic Framework Heterojunction as Efficient Photocatalysts for Overall Solar Water Splitting. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9207-9214. [PMID: 37805991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Searching for highly efficient visible-light photocatalysts is a high-cost and time-consuming process in the water splitting field. The integration of data-driven screening based on the database and density functional theory calculations represents a promising approach. In this study, we first present a topologically assembled single-layer covalent organic framework (COF) that is used to build a COF heterojunction database via AA stacking. Then we propose a systematic search procedure for COF heterojunctions as overall solar water splitting photocatalysts, including suitable band gap (screen 1), appropriate band edge position (screen 2), spontaneous catalytic reactions for water splitting (screen 3), and efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes (proof). Finally, we successfully identify 1 heterojunction from the pool of 222 items as an efficient photocatalyst for overall solar water splitting. Clearly, this kind of data-driven screening procedure, based on a COF heterojunction database, opens up new avenues and inspires the development of high-performance photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sheng
- Department of Chemical Physics, and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules; College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Technology, and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qunxiang Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics, and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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31
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Wang B, Wang X, Wang B, Dong CL, Huang YC, Yang M, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Long X, Yang D, Xia Y. Tuning Electronic State and Charge Transport in B←N-Containing 2D Polymer Heterostructures with Efficient Photocatalytic Performance. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300409. [PMID: 37317015 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Linear-conjugated polymers (LCPs) are excellent semiconductor photocatalysts. However, its inherent amorphous structures and simple electron transport channels restrict efficient photoexcited charge separation and transfer. Herein, "2D conjugated engineering" is employed to design high-crystalline polymer photocatalysts with multichannel charge transport by introducing alkoxyphenyl sidechains. The electronic state structure and electron transport pathways of the LCPs are investigated using experimental and theoretical calculations. Consequently, the 2D B←N-containing polymers (2DPBN) exhibit excellent photoelectric characteristics, which enable the efficient separation of electron-hole and rapidly transfer photogenerated carriers to the catalyst surface for efficient catalytic reactions. Significantly, the further hydrogen evolution of 2DPBN-4F heterostructures can be achieved by increasing the fluorine content of the backbones. This study highlights that the rational design of LCP photocatalysts is an effective strategy to spur further interest in photofunctional polymer material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Coatings, Marine Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Chung-Li Dong
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Huang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Mengfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Dongjiang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
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32
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Ramakrishna Y, Naresh M, Bhavani B, Prasanthkumar S. Conducting 1D nanostructures from light-stimulated copper-metalated porphyrin-dibenzothiophene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24539-24546. [PMID: 37661730 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02990e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Control over the dimensionality of stimulated organic semiconductors has aroused significant interest in organic electronics; however, the design of such materials still remains to be decided. Herein, we have developed three dibenzothiophene-appended freebase, zinc-metalated and copper-metalated porphyrin derivatives (PFb-DBT, PZn-DBT and PCu-DBT) in which PCu-DBT leads to an anion-binding complex in chloroform upon the application of light, resulting in self-assembled 1D nanostructures with high electrical conductivity. Nevertheless, light-stimulated freebase and zinc-metalated P-DBT undergo protonation and demetalation. Electron microscopic images displayed the anion-binding-assisted 1D nanostructure using weak non-covalent interactions, which promotes enhancement in electrical conductivity among other things, as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectra. Thus, the generation of well-defined nanostructures with improved electronic characteristics from stimuli-responsive organic dyes suggests the importance of developing various smart materials for efficient field effect transistors and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelukala Ramakrishna
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Madarapu Naresh
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Botta Bhavani
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
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33
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Lee J, Lee J, Kim JY, Kim M. Covalent connections between metal-organic frameworks and polymers including covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6379-6416. [PMID: 37667818 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00302g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid composite materials combining metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and polymers have emerged as a versatile platform for a broad range of applications. The crystalline, porous nature of MOFs and the flexibility and processability of polymers are synergistically integrated in MOF-polymer composite materials. Covalent bonds, which form between two distinct materials, have been extensively studied as a means of creating strong molecular connections to facilitate the dispersion of "hard" MOF particles in "soft" polymers. Numerous organic transformations have been applied to post-synthetically connect MOFs with polymeric species, resulting in a variety of covalently connected MOF-polymer systems with unique properties that are dependent on the characteristics of the MOFs, polymers, and connection modes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the development and strategies involved in preparing covalently connected MOFs and polymers, including recently developed MOF-covalent organic framework composites. The covalent bonds, grafting strategies, types of MOFs, and polymer backbones are summarized and categorized, along with their respective applications. We highlight how this knowledge can serve as a basis for preparing macromolecular composites with advanced functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Niu Y, Shen J, Guo W, Zhu X, Guo L, Wang Y, Li F. The Synergistic Effect in CdS/g-C 3N 4 Nanoheterojunctions Improves Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance for Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:6412. [PMID: 37687243 PMCID: PMC10489994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the development of heterojunction photocatalysts for the efficient utilization of solar energy to address the energy crisis and reduce environmental pollution. Cadmium sulfide (CdS)/graphite-type carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanocomposites were synthesized using a hydrothermal method, and their photoelectrochemical properties and photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) were characterized. Scanning electron microscope images showed the intimate interface and caviar-like nanoheterojunction of the CdS nanoparticles on g-C3N4 nanospheres, suggesting their potential involvement in the photocatalytic process. Electrochemical and spectroscopic analyses were conducted to confirm the roles of CdS in the nanoheterojunction. The results showed that 10 wt% CdS/g-C3N4 nanospheres exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation. A HER rate of 655.5 μmol/g/h was achieved after three photocatalytic cycles, signifying good photocatalytic stability. The synergistic effect of the Z-scheme heterojunction formed by g-C3N4 and CdS was identified as the main factor responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic performance and stability. The interface engineering effect of CdS/g-C3N4 facilitated the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. This study provides insights into the design and fabrication of efficient HER photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Niu
- School of Resources & Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China; (Y.N.)
- Department of Engineering Technology Management, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok 10220, Thailand
| | - Jinni Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Wenqin Guo
- School of Resources & Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China; (Y.N.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- School of Resources & Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China; (Y.N.)
| | - Lanlan Guo
- School of Resources & Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China; (Y.N.)
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Fujian Universities Engineering Research Center of Reactive Distillation Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Fuying Li
- School of Resources & Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China; (Y.N.)
- Department of Engineering Technology Management, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok 10220, Thailand
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35
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Bai P, Lei K, Xie J, Wang H, Kang X, Wang X. Pd/Ni bimetallic modification of SrTiO 3for enhancement of photocatalytic water splitting. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:465404. [PMID: 37567161 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acef2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of Pd/Ni modification on the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of SrTiO3(STO). STO catalysts were synthesized using a hydrothermal method, and Pd/Ni modification was applied on the surface of STO through chemical deposition. Experimental results demonstrate that the hydrogen evolution rate of Pd/Ni-modified STO (Pd/Ni-STO) reaches 2232.14μmol g-1h-1. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy analysis reveals substitutional doping of Ni with Ti and coordination of Pd with surface O. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates the introduction of oxygen vacancies due to Pd/Ni doping. Density functional theory calculations suggest that Ni doping activates neighboring Ti atoms, leading to the formation of bimetallic catalytic sites composed of oxygen vacancies and Ti atoms, greatly enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. This study not only provides an effective catalyst for photocatalytic applications but also offers insights into the underlying mechanism, which may stimulate the development of metal-doped catalytic materials and have implications for a range of other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Bai
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU), Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Lei
- Sichuan Province Academy of Industrial Environmental Monitoring, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xie
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU), Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Wang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU), Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Kang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU), Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU), Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
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36
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Yuan X, Sunyer-Pons N, Terrado A, León JL, Hadziioannou G, Cloutet E, Villa K. 3D-Printed Organic Conjugated Trimer for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202228. [PMID: 36808715 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule organic semiconductors (SMOSs) have emerged as a new class of photocatalysts that exhibit visible light absorption, tunable bandgap, good dispersion, and solubility. However, the recovery and reusability of such SMOSs in consecutive photocatalytic reactions is challenging. This work concerns a 3D-printed hierarchical porous structure based on an organic conjugated trimer, named EBE. Upon manufacturing, the photophysical and chemical properties of the organic semiconductor are maintained. The 3D-printed EBE photocatalyst shows a longer lifetime (11.7 ns) compared to the powder-state EBE (1.4 ns). This result indicates a microenvironment effect of the solvent (acetone), a better dispersion of the catalyst in the sample, and reduced intermolecular π-π stacking, which results in improved separation of the photogenerated charge carriers. As a proof-of-concept, the photocatalytic activity of the 3D-printed EBE catalyst is evaluated for water treatment and hydrogen production under sun-like irradiation. The resulting degradation efficiencies and hydrogen generation rates are higher than those reported for the state-of-the-art 3D-printed photocatalytic structures based on inorganic semiconductors. The photocatalytic mechanism is further investigated, and the results suggest that hydroxyl radicals (HO⋅) are the main reactive radicals responsible for the degradation of organic pollutants. Moreover, the recyclability of the EBE-3D photocatalyst is demonstrated in up to 5 uses. Overall, these results indicate the great potential of this 3D-printed organic conjugated trimer for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Yuan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona, E-43007, Spain
| | - Neus Sunyer-Pons
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona, E-43007, Spain
| | - Aleix Terrado
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona, E-43007, Spain
| | - José Luis León
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona, E-43007, Spain
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO-UMR 5629), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, F-33607, Pessac, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO-UMR 5629), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, F-33607, Pessac, France
| | - Katherine Villa
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona, E-43007, Spain
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Guo X, Liu X, Wang M, Yan J, Chen Y, Liu S. Unveiling the Origin of Co 3 O 4 Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206695. [PMID: 36775877 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinel cobalt oxide displays excellent photocatalytic performance, especially in solar driven water oxidation. However, the process of water reduction to hydrogen is considered as the Achilles' heel of solar water splitting over Co3 O4 owing to its low conduction band. Enhancement of the water splitting efficiency using Co3 O4 requires deeper insights of the carrier dynamics during water splitting process. Herein, the carrier dynamic kinetics of colloidal Co3 O4 quantum dots-Pt hetero-junctions is studied, which mimics the hydrogen reduction process during water splitting. It is showed that the quantum confinement effect induced by the small QD size raised the conduction band edge position of Co3 O4 QDs, so that the ligand-to-metal charge transfer from 2p state of oxygen to 3d state of Co2+ occurs, which is necessary for overall water splitting and cannot be achieved in Co3 O4 bulk crystals. The findings in this work provide insights of the photocatalytic mechanism of Co3 O4 catalysts and benefit rational design of Co3 O4 -based photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Menglong Wang
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory for Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junqing Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Chen
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory for Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
- iChem, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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38
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Zhang S, Zhao F, Yasin G, Dong Y, Zhao J, Guo Y, Tsiakaras P, Zhao J. Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: Linkage units engineering in triazine-based conjugated porous polymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 637:41-54. [PMID: 36682117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) have been widely reported as promising photocatalysts. However, the realization of powerful photocatalytic hydrogen production performance still benefits from the rational design of molecular frameworks and the appropriate choice of building monomers. Herein, we synthesized two novel conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) by copolymerizing pyrene and 1,3,5-triazine building blocks. It is found that minor structural changes in the peripheral groups of the triazine units can greatly affect the photocatalytic activity of the polymers. Compared with the phenyl-linkage unit, the thiophene-linkage unit can give CPP a wider absorption range of visible light, a narrower band gap, a higher transmission and separation efficiency of photo-generated carriers (electrons/holes), and a better interface contact with the photocatalytic reaction solution. The catalyst containing thiophene-triazine (ThPy-CPP) has an efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 21.65 and 16.69 mmol g-1h-1 under full-arc spectrum and visible light without the addition of a Pt co-catalyst, respectively, much better than the one containing phenyl-triazine (PhPy-CPP, only 5.73 and 3.48 mmol g-1h-1). This study provides a promising direction to design and construct highly efficient, cost-effective CPP-based photocatalysts, for exploring the application of noble metal-free catalysts in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - YunYun Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Yue Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Panagiotis Tsiakaras
- Laboratory of Alternative Energy Conversion Systems Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering, University of Thessaly 1 Sekeri Str., Pedion Areos 38834 Greece.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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39
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Zhang G, Zhao M, Su L, Yu H, Wang C, Sun D, Ding Y. Donor-Acceptor Covalent-Organic Frameworks Based on Phthalimide as an Electron-Deficient Unit for Efficient Visible-Light Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20310-20316. [PMID: 36994986 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor two-dimensional covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) have great potential as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution because of their tunable structures, ordered and strong stacking, high crystallinity, and porosity. Herein, an acceptor unit, namely phthalimide, has been employed for the first time to construct COFs. Two donor-acceptor COFs (TAPFy-PhI and TAPB-PhI) have been successfully synthesized via a Schiff base reaction using phthalimide as the acceptor and 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)pyrene (TAPFy) and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) as donors. The synthesized COFs exhibited high crystallinity, permanent porosity, excellent chemical stability, suitable band gaps, and broad visible-light absorption. In the presence of ascorbic acid (sacrificial reagent), the TAPFy-PhI COF exhibited an efficient photocatalytic performance with a hydrogen evolution rate of 1763 μmol g-1 h-1. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance was further improved by the addition of Pt (1 wt %) as a cocatalyst, and the hydrogen evolution rate reached 2718 μmol g-1 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Zhang
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Mingshi Zhao
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Linghui Su
- Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Dengrong Sun
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, National Engineering Research Centre for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Carbon Neutral Technology Innovation Center of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yunsheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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40
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Zhong Y, Li C, Yang F, Guan L, Jin S. Covalent Pyrimidine Frameworks via a Tandem Polycondensation Method for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production and Proton Conduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204515. [PMID: 36635041 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of heteroaromatic conjugated porous polymers (H-CPPs) have received enormous research interests, because of the important functional roles of the heteroatoms in photocatalysis and proton conduction. However, due to the synthetic challenges deriving from the stable structures, the structural diversity and synthetic methods of them are still limited. Herein, a new type of H-CPPs, covalent pyrimidine frameworks (CPFs), via an efficient tandem polycondensation reaction between aldehyde, acetyl, and amidine monomers is reported. The resulting CPFs are bridged by pyrimidine units, rich of nitrogen atoms and can be structurally regulated on demand. The CPFs are shown to be active photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution from methanol via a photo-thermo-catalysis process, achieving an excellent hydrogen evolution rate of 5282.8 µmol h-1 g-1 . The CPFs can be further processed into a mixed matrix membrane, displaying an excellent proton conductivity of 1.30 × 10-2 S cm-1 at 413 K under anhydrous condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning Road 28, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning Road 28, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning Road 28, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Lijiang Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning Road 28, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Shangbin Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning Road 28, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
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41
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Zhang Z, Zhang B, Han X, Chen H, Xue C, Peng M, Ma G, Ren Y. Stille type P-C coupling polycondensation towards phosphorus-crosslinked polythiophenes with P-regulated photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2990-2998. [PMID: 36937600 PMCID: PMC10016342 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, exploring new type polymerization protocols has been a major driving force in advancing organic polymers into highly functional materials. Herein we report a new polycondensation protocol to implant the phosphorus (P) atom in the main backbone of crosslinked polythiophenes. The polycondensation harnesses a Stille phosphorus-carbon (P-C) coupling reaction between phosphorus halides and aryl stannanes that has not been reported previously. Mechanistic studies uncovered that the P-electrophile makes the reactivity of a catalytic Pd-center highly sensitive towards the chemical structures of aryl stannanes, which is distinct from the typical Stille carbon-carbon coupling reaction. The efficient P-C polycondensation afforded a series of P-crosslinked polythiophenes (PC-PTs). Leveraging on the direct P-crosslinking polymerization, solid-state 31P NMR studies revealed highly uniform crosslinking environments. Efficient post-polymerization P-chemistry was also applied to the PC-PTs, which readily yielded the polymers with various P-environments. As a proof of concept, new PC-PTs were applied as the photocatalysts for H2 evolution under visible light irradiation. PC-PTs with an ionic P(Me)-center exhibit a H2 evolution rate up to 2050 μmol h-1 g-1, which is much higher than those of PC-PTs with a P(O)-center (900 μmol h-1 g-1) and P(iii)-center (155 μmol h-1 g-1). For the first time, the studies reveal that regulating P-center environments can be an effective strategy for fine tuning the photocatalytic H2 evolution performance of organic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Cece Xue
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Min Peng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Guijun Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yi Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
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42
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Liang Y, Li T, Lee Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Si W, Liu Z, Zhang C, Qiao Y, Bai S, Lin Y. Organic Photovoltaic Catalyst with σ-π Anchor for High-Performance Solar Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217989. [PMID: 36700554 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Efficient in situ deposition of metallic cocatalyst, like zero-valent platinum (Pt), on organic photovoltaic catalysts (OPCs) is the prerequisite for their high catalytic activities. Here we develop the OPC (Y6CO), by introducing carbonyl in the core, which is available to σ-π coordinate with transition metals, due to the high-energy empty π* orbital of carbonyl. Y6CO exhibits a stronger capability to anchor Pt species and reduce them to metallic state, resulting in more Pt0 deposition, relative to the control OPC without the central σ-π anchor. Single-component and heterojunction nanoparticles (NPs) employing Y6CO show enhanced average hydrogen evolution rates of 230.98 and 323.22 mmol h-1 g[OPC] -1 , respectively, under AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm-2 for 10 h, and heterojunction NPs yield the external quantum efficiencies of ca. 10 % in 500-800 nm. This work demonstrates that σ-π anchoring is one efficient strategy for integrating metallic cocatalyst and OPC for high-performance photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuhsuan Lee
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenqin Si
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zesheng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuming Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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43
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Jiang Z, Sun W, Yang Z, Pan H, Tang Z, Shi W, Xiang Y, Yan D, Teng H. Pyrene-Based D-A Molecules as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Visible-Light-Induced Aerobic Organic Transformations. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202082. [PMID: 36479983 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an efficient visible light promoted aerobic dehydro-coupling of amines, oxidation of thioethers and hydroxylation of arylboronic acids under benign conditions by using pyrene-based donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated organic molecules was described. Donor-acceptor structure influences their π-conjugation and band gap a lot, and thereby enhances their visible light absorption ability, single electron transfer and oxidative behaviors. Alkynyl units in PS-IV play a crucial role in the catalyst which could serve as electron transferring bridge to strengthen electron delocalization, thus facilitating the single electron transfer from photosensitizer to substrates, and making it an efficient ⋅O2 - generator. While PS-III without alkynyl units tends to produce 1 O2 . Therefore, these molecules can serve as efficient catalysts for different kinds of visible-light-induced aerobic organic reactions. More importantly, the simply structured molecule is insoluble and stable in various solvents, and thus could be recycled as heterogeneous catalyst for many rounds with slight catalytic activity degradation. Besides, large scale (1 mol) reaction of benzylamine coupling proceeded smoothly under the standard conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Jiang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Sun
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyan Yang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- Jingzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jingzhou, 434000, P. R. China
| | - Zubing Tang
- Downhole Operation Branch of Sinopec Southwest Petroleum Engineering Corporation, Deyang, 618000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Xiang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Dingce Yan
- Analytical and Testing Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huailong Teng
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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44
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Chen D, Chen W, Wu Y, Wang L, Wu X, Xu H, Chen L. Covalent Organic Frameworks Containing Dual O 2 Reduction Centers for Overall Photosynthetic Hydrogen Peroxide Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217479. [PMID: 36576381 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are highly desirable for achieving high-efficiency overall photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) via molecular design. However, precise construction of COFs toward overall photosynthetic H2 O2 remains a great challenge. Herein, we report the crystalline s-heptazine-based COFs (HEP-TAPT-COF and HEP-TAPB-COF) with separated redox centers for efficient H2 O2 production from O2 and pure water. The spatially and orderly separated active sites in HEP-COFs can efficiently promote charge separation and enhance photocatalytic H2 O2 production. Compared with HEP-TAPB-COF, HEP-TAPT-COF exhibits higher H2 O2 production efficiency for integrating dual O2 reduction active centers of s-heptazine and triazine moieties. Accordingly, HEP-TAPT-COF bearing dual O2 reduction centers exhibits a remarkable solar-to-chemical energy efficiency of 0.65 % with a high apparent quantum efficiency of 15.35 % at 420 nm, surpassing previously reported COF-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weiben Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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45
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A Poly(carbazole-alt-triazole) with Thiabendazole Side Groups as an "On-Off-On" Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Cu(II) Ion and Cysteine. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03164-9. [PMID: 36790630 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel conjugated polymer PCZBTA-TBZ containing thiabendazole as recognition unit was synthesized via Suzuki coupling reaction, and its structural characterization, spectroscopic analysis and photophysical properties were investigated. In the metal ion response study, the addition of Cu2+ led to the occurrence of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism, which significantly quenched the fluorescence of the polymer PCZBTA-TBZ with a quenching effect of 98%. Furthermore, I- can significantly quench the fluorescence of the polymer, but other anions have no such effect. According to the density functional theory calculation, compared with other polycarbazoles or other alternative copolymers containing carbazole, with alternating carbazole and triazole enhances the electron mobility and reduces the energy band gap of the polymer. Due to the strong coordination ability between Cu2+ and Cys, the adding Cys competes the Cu2+ in the [PCZBTA-TBZ-Cu2+] complex, blocking the occurrence of PET, and the fluorescence intensity of PCZBTA-TBZ is restored. The addition of other amino acids caused almost no change. The polymer is expected to be used for dual fluorescence detection of specific metal ions and Cys.
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46
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Dai L, Dong A, Meng X, Liu H, Li Y, Li P, Wang B. Enhancement of Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution Activity of 2D π-Conjugated Bipyridine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks via Post-Protonation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300224. [PMID: 36757154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen (H2 ) evolution represents a promising and sustainable technology. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-based photocatalysts have received growing attention. A 2D fully conjugated ethylene-linked COF (BTT-BPy-COF) was fabricated with a dedicated designed active site. The introduced bipyridine sites enable a facile post-protonation strategy to fine-tune the actives sites, which results in a largely improved charge-separation efficiency and increased hydrophilicity in the pore channels synergically. After modulating the degree of protonation, the optimal BTT-BPy-PCOF exhibits a remarkable H2 evolution rate of 15.8 mmol g-1 h-1 under visible light, which surpasses the biphenyl-based COF 6 times. By using different types of acids, the post-protonation is proved to be a potential universal strategy for promoting photocatalytic H2 evolution. This strategy would provide important guidance for the design of highly efficient organic semiconductor photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Anwang Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjian Meng
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huanyu Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yueting Li
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.,Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, P. R. China
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47
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Chen J, Cong S, Wang L, Wang Y, Lan L, Chen C, Zhou Y, Li Z, McCulloch I, Yue W. Backbone coplanarity manipulation via hydrogen bonding to boost the n-type performance of polymeric mixed conductors operating in aqueous electrolyte. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:607-618. [PMID: 36511773 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01100j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance n-type semiconducting polymers remains a significant challenge. Reported here is the construction of a coplanar backbone via intramolecular hydrogen bonds to dramatically enhance the performance of n-type polymeric mixed conductors operating in aqueous electrolyte. Specifically, glycolated naphthalene tetracarboxylicdiimide (gNDI) couples with vinylene and thiophene to give gNDI-V and gNDI-T, respectively. The hydrogen bonding functionalities are fused to the backbone to ensure a more coplanar backbone and much tighter π-π stacking of gNDI-V than gNDI-T, which is evidenced by density functional theory simulations and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. Importantly, these copolymers are fabricated as the active layer of the aqueous-based electrochromic devices and organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). gNDI-V exhibits a larger electrochromic contrast (ΔT = 30%) and a higher coloration efficiency (1988 cm2 C-1) than gNDI-T owing to its more efficient ionic-electronic coupling. Moreover, gNDI-V gives the highest electron mobility (0.014 cm2 V-1 s-1) and μC* (2.31 FV-1 cm-1 s-1) reported to date for NDI-based copolymers in OECTs, attributed to the improved thin-film crystallinity and molecular packing promoted by hydrogen bonds. Overall, this work marks a remarkable advance in the n-type polymeric mixed conductors and the hydrogen bond functionalization strategy opens up an avenue to access desirable performance metrics for aqueous-based electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Shengyu Cong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Lewen Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Liuyuan Lan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoyue Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Yecheng Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengke Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Wan Yue
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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48
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An S, Wu Z, Jeong H, Lee J, Jeong SY, Lee W, Kim S, Han JW, Lim J, Cha H, Woo HY, Chung DS. Synergistic Contribution of Oligo(ethylene glycol) and Fluorine Substitution of Conjugated Polymer Photocatalysts toward Solar Driven Sacrificial Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204905. [PMID: 36446633 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To separately explore the importance of hydrophilicity and backbone planarity of polymer photocatalyst, a series of benzothiadiazole-based donor-acceptor alternating copolymers incorporating alkoxy, linear oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chain, and backbone fluorine substituents is presented. The OEG side chains in the polymer backbone increase the surface energy of the polymer nanoparticles, thereby improving the interaction with water and facilitating electron transfer to water. Moreover, the OEG-attached copolymers exhibit enhanced intermolecular packing compared to polymers with alkoxy side chains, which is possibly attributed to the self-assembly properties of the side chains. Fluorine substituents on the polymer backbone produce highly ordered lamellar stacks with distinct π-π stacking features; subsequently, the long-lived polarons toward hydrogen evolution are observed by transient absorption spectroscopy. In addition, a new nanoparticle synthesis strategy using a methanol/water mixed solvent is first adopted, thereby avoiding the screening effect of surfactants between the nanoparticles and water. Finally, hydrogen evolution rate of 26 000 µmol g-1 h-1 is obtained for the copolymer incorporated with both OEG side chains and fluorine substituents under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). This study demonstrates how the glycol side chain strategy can be further optimized for polymer photocatalysts by controlling the backbone planarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyeok An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjong Lee
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyu Kim
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchul Lim
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Sha P, You Y, Wen D, Wu Z, Wang Q, Bu D, Huang S. Two-Dimensional Ultrathin Graphic Carbon Nitrides with Extended π-Conjugation as Extraordinary Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Photocatalyst. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205834. [PMID: 36403242 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Construction of 2D graphic carbon nitrides (g-CNx ) with wide visible light adsorption range and high charge separation efficiency concurrently is of great urgent demand and still very challenging for developing highly efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. To achieve this goal, a two-step pyrolytic strategy has been applied here to create ultrathin 2D g-CNx with extended the π-conjugation. It is experimentally proven that the extension of π-conjugation in g-CNx is not only beneficial to narrowing the bandgap, but also improving the charge separation efficiency of the g-CNx . As an integral result, extraordinary apparent quantum efficiencies (AQEs) of 57.3% and 7.0% at short (380 nm) and long (520 nm) wavelength, respectively, are achieved. The formation process of the extended π-conjugated structures in the ultrathin 2D g-CNx has been investigated using XRD, FT-IR, Raman, XPS, and EPR. Additionally, it has been illustrated that the two-step pyrolytic strategy is critical for creating ultrathin g-CNx nanosheets with extended π-conjugation by control experiments. This work shows a feasible and effective strategy to simultaneously expand the light adsorption range, enhance charge carrier mobility and depress electron-hole recombination of g-CNx for high-efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhan Sha
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yang You
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Donglian Wen
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Donglei Bu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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50
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Liu T, Chen L, Li X, Cooper AI. Investigating the factors that influence sacrificial hydrogen evolution activity for three structurally-related molecular photocatalysts: thermodynamic driving force, excited-state dynamics, and surface interaction with cocatalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3494-3501. [PMID: 36637095 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04039e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The design of molecular organic photocatalysts for reactions such as water splitting requires consideration of factors that go beyond electronic band gap and thermodynamic driving forces. Here, we carried out a theoretical investigation of three molecular photocatalysts (1-3) that are structurally similar but that show different hydrogen evolution activities (25, 23 & 0 μmol h-1 for 1-3, respectively). We used density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations to evaluate the molecules' optoelectronic properties, such as ionization potential, electron affinity, and exciton potentials, as well as the interaction between the molecular photocatalysts and an idealized platinum cocatalyst surface. The 'static' picture thus obtained was augmented by probing the nonadiabatic dynamics of the molecules beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, revealing a different picture of exciton recombination and relaxation for molecule 3. Our results suggest that slow exciton recombination, fast relaxation to the lowest-energy excited state, and a shorter charge transfer distance between the photocatalyst and the metal cocatalyst are important features that contribute to the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of 1 and 2, and may partly rationalize the observed inactivity of 3, in addition to its lower light absorption profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
| | - Linjiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
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