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Zhang M, Pal A, Lyu X, Wu Y, Sitti M. Artificial-goosebump-driven microactuation. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:560-569. [PMID: 38336868 PMCID: PMC10990938 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Microactuators provide controllable driving forces for precise positioning, manipulation and operation at the microscale. Development of microactuators using active materials is often hampered by their fabrication complexity and limited motion at small scales. Here we report light-fuelled artificial goosebumps to actuate passive microstructures, inspired by the natural reaction of hair bristling (piloerection) on biological skin. We use light-responsive liquid crystal elastomers as the responsive artificial skin to move three-dimensionally printed passive polymer microstructures. When exposed to a programmable femtosecond laser, the liquid crystal elastomer skin generates localized artificial goosebumps, resulting in precise actuation of the surrounding microstructures. Such microactuation can tilt micro-mirrors for the controlled manipulation of light reflection and disassemble capillary-force-induced self-assembled microstructures globally and locally. We demonstrate the potential application of the proposed microactuation system for information storage. This methodology provides precise, localized and controllable manipulation of microstructures, opening new possibilities for the development of programmable micromachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhang
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aniket Pal
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xianglong Lyu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yingdan Wu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Kim J, Jeong HE. Goosebumps drive microstructures. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:453-454. [PMID: 38570636 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeil Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Eui Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Cui Z, Wang Y, den Toonder JMJ. Metachronal Motion of Biological and Artificial Cilia. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:198. [PMID: 38667209 PMCID: PMC11048255 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cilia are slender, hair-like cell protrusions that are present ubiquitously in the natural world. They perform essential functions, such as generating fluid flow, propulsion, and feeding, in organisms ranging from protozoa to the human body. The coordinated beating of cilia, which results in wavelike motions known as metachrony, has fascinated researchers for decades for its role in functions such as flow generation and mucus transport. Inspired by nature, researchers have explored diverse materials for the fabrication of artificial cilia and developed several methods to mimic the metachronal motion observed in their biological counterparts. In this review, we will introduce the different types of metachronal motion generated by both biological and artificial cilia, the latter including pneumatically, photonically, electrically, and magnetically driven artificial cilia. Furthermore, we review the possible applications of metachronal motion by artificial cilia, focusing on flow generation, transport of mucus, particles, and droplets, and microrobotic locomotion. The overall aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive overview of the metachronal motions exhibited by diverse artificial cilia and the corresponding practical implementations. Additionally, we identify the potential future directions within this field. These insights present an exciting opportunity for further advancements in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M. J. den Toonder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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4
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Liu G, Yang J, Zhang K, Wu H, Yan H, Yan Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Chen D, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Zhang P, Yang G, Chen H. Recent progress on the development of bioinspired surfaces with high aspect ratio microarray structures: From fabrication to applications. J Control Release 2024; 367:441-469. [PMID: 38295991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Surfaces with high aspect ratio microarray structures can implement sophisticated assignment in typical fields including microfluidics, sensor, biomedicine, et al. via regulating their deformation or the material properties. Inspired by natural materials and systems, for example sea cockroaches, water spiders, cacti, lotus leaves, rice leaves, and cedar leaves, many researchers have focused on microneedle functional surface studies. When the surface with high aspect ratio microarray structures is stimulated by the external fields, such as optical, electric, thermal, magnetic, the high aspect ratio microarray structures can undergo hydrophilic and hydrophobic switching or shape change, which may be gifted the surfaces with the ability to perform complex task, including directional liquid/air transport, targeted drug delivery, microfluidic chip sensing. In this review, the fabrication principles of various surfaces with high aspect ratio microarray structures are classified and summarized. Mechanisms of liquid manipulation on hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfaces with high aspect ratio microarray structures are clarified based on Wenzel model, Cassie model, Laplace pressure theories and so on. Then the intelligent control strategies have been demonstrated. The applications in microfluidic, drug delivery, patch sensors have been discussed. Finally, current challenges and new insights of future prospects for dynamic manipulation of liquid/air based on biomimetic surface with high aspect ratio microarray structures are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kaiteng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongting Wu
- Zhongtong Bus Holding Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Haipeng Yan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Yan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yingdong Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qingxu Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dengke Chen
- College of Transportation, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Huawei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Qin H, Peng X, Sui T, Yi P, Li J. Adhesion performance of magnetically responsive surfaces under wet conditions. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1943-1951. [PMID: 38323519 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01601c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion is the key functionality to pick-and-place objects in wet environments. Recently, various micropillars and external stimuli have been proposed to achieve reversible wet adhesion. However, their underlying mechanisms of liquid/solid regulations have not been sufficiently revealed. Herein, two kinds of magnetically responsive micropillar arrays with different terminals (pointed and flat) are developed using a spray self-assembly method. The coupling effect of geometric structures and external stimuli on the wet adhesion performance between a solid substrate and the developed surface is discussed. In situ observation and analysis of theoretical models demonstrate that changes in adhesive forces are mainly caused by the length of the liquid bridge and the apparent contact angle of the developed surface. The adhesion conversion efficiency in the presence of an on/off magnetic field can achieve a highest value of 72% for the micropillar arrays with flat terminals, which exceeds 3 times that of the micropillar arrays with pointed terminals. In addition, wet adhesion measurements during the process of repeatedly switching the magnetic field demonstrate the durability and cyclic reversibility of the magnetically responsive surface. Furthermore, the transportation of microcomponents verifies the application potential of the magnetically responsive surface, which may provide inspiration for transfer printing systems and wet climbing robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qin
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Xianyu Peng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
- Shandong Non-Metallic Materials Institute, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Tonghang Sui
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Peng Yi
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Jing Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
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6
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Li S, Tian H, Wang C, Li X, Chen X, Chen X, Shao J. Smart Manipulation of Complex Optical Elements via Contact-adaptive Dry Adhesives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303874. [PMID: 37688358 PMCID: PMC10602548 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of complex, high-precision optical devices or systems, which have vital applications in the aerospace, medical, and military fields, requires the ability to reliably manipulate and assemble optical elements. However, this is a challenging task as these optical elements require contamination-free and damage-free manipulation and come in a variety of sizes and shapes. Here, a smart, contact-adaptive adhesive based on magnetic actuation is developed to address this challenge. Specifically, the surface bio-inspired adhesives made of fluororubber facilitate contamination-free and damage-free adhesion. The stiffness modulation of packaged magnetorheological grease based on the magnetorheological effect endows the smart adhesive with a high conformability to the optical elements in the soft state, a high grip force in the stiff state, and the ability to quickly release the optical elements in the recovered soft state. The smart adhesive provides a versatile solution for reliably and quickly manipulating and assembling multiscale optical elements with planar or complex 3D shapes without causing surface contamination or damage. These extraordinary capabilities are demonstrated by the manipulation and assembly of various optical elements, such as convex/concave/ball lenses and extremely complex-shaped light guide plates. The proposed smart adhesive is a promising candidate for conventional optical element manipulation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Micro‐ and Nano‐technology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- Micro‐ and Nano‐technology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Micro‐ and Nano‐technology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xiangming Li
- Micro‐ and Nano‐technology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Micro‐ and Nano‐technology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Micro‐ and Nano‐technology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro‐ and Nano‐technology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
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7
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Liu N, Sun Q, Yang Z, Shan L, Wang Z, Li H. Wrinkled Interfaces: Taking Advantage of Anisotropic Wrinkling to Periodically Pattern Polymer Surfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207210. [PMID: 36775851 PMCID: PMC10131883 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodically patterned surfaces can cause special surface properties and are employed as functional building blocks in many devices, yet remaining challenges in fabrication. Advancements in fabricating structured polymer surfaces for obtaining periodic patterns are accomplished by adopting "top-down" strategies based on self-assembly or physico-chemical growth of atoms, molecules, or particles or "bottom-up" strategies ranging from traditional micromolding (embossing) or micro/nanoimprinting to novel laser-induced periodic surface structure, soft lithography, or direct laser interference patterning among others. Thus, technological advances directly promote higher resolution capabilities. Contrasted with the above techniques requiring highly sophisticated tools, surface instabilities taking advantage of the intrinsic properties of polymers induce surface wrinkling in order to fabricate periodically oriented wrinkled patterns. Such abundant and elaborate patterns are obtained as a result of self-organizing processes that are rather difficult if not impossible to fabricate through conventional patterning techniques. Focusing on oriented wrinkles, this review thoroughly describes the formation mechanisms and fabrication approaches for oriented wrinkles, as well as their fine-tuning in the wavelength, amplitude, and orientation control. Finally, the major applications in which oriented wrinkled interfaces are already in use or may be prospective in the near future are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
| | - Qichao Sun
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
| | - Zhensheng Yang
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
| | - Linna Shan
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
| | - Hao Li
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
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8
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Kang M, Lee D, Bae H, Jeong HE. Magnetoresponsive Artificial Cilia Self-Assembled with Magnetic Micro/Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55989-55996. [PMID: 36503219 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological cilia have exquisitely organized dynamic ultrafine structures with submicron diameters and exceptional aspect ratios, which are self-assembled with ciliary proteins. However, the construction of artificial cilia with size and dynamic functions comparable to biological cilia remains highly challenging. Here, we propose a self-assembly technique that generates magnetoresponsive artificial cilia with a highly ordered 3D structural arrangement using vapor-phase magnetic particles of varying sizes and shapes. We demonstrate that both monodispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Fe microparticles can be assembled layer-by-layer vertically in patterned magnetic fields, generating both "nanoscale" or "microscale" artificial cilia, respectively. The resulting cilia display several structural features, such as diameters of single particle resolution, controllable diameters and lengths spanning from nanometers to micrometers, and accurate positioning. We further demonstrate that both the magnetic nanocilia and microcilia can dynamically and immediately actuate in response to modulated magnetic fields while providing different stroke ranges and actuation torques. Our strategy provides new possibilities for constructing artificial nano- and microcilia with controlled 3D morphology and dynamic field responsiveness using magnetic particles of varied sizes and shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejin Bae
- Ecological Technology Team, Division of Ecological Application Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Eui Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
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9
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Zhu H, Wang Y, Ge Y, Zhao Y, Jiang C. Kirigami-Inspired Programmable Soft Magnetoresponsive Actuators with Versatile Morphing Modes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203711. [PMID: 36180420 PMCID: PMC9661843 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Untethered soft magnetoresponsive actuators (SMRAs), which can realize rapid shape transformation, have attracted widespread attention for their strategic applications in exploration, transportation, and minimally invasive medicine. It remains a challenge to fabricate SMRAs with complicated morphing modes (more than bending and folding), limiting their applications to simple shape-morphing and locomotion. Herein, a method integrating the ancient kirigami art and an advanced mechanical assembly method is proposed, which realizes 2D-to-3D and 3D-to-3D complicated shape-morphing and precise magnetization programming through cut-guided deformation. The kirigami-inspired SMRAs exhibit good robustness after actuating more than 10000 times. An integrated finite element analysis method is developed to quantitatively predict the shape transformation of SMRAs under magnetic actuation. By leveraging this method, a set of 3D curved responsive morphologies with programmed Gaussian curvature are fabricated (e.g., ellipsoid and saddle structures), specifically 3D multilayer structures and face-like shapes with different expressions, which are difficult to realize using previous approaches. Furthermore, a bionic-scaled soft crawling robot with significant obstacle surmounting ability is fabricated using the kirigami-inspired method. The ability of the method to achieve programmable SMRAs with versatile morphing modes may broaden its applications in soft robotics, color-switchable devices, and clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle BodyCollege of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle BodyCollege of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Yangwen Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle BodyCollege of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle BodyCollege of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle BodyCollege of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
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10
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Shui L, Ni K, Wang Z. Aligned Magnetic Nanocomposites for Modularized and Recyclable Soft Microrobots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43802-43814. [PMID: 36100583 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Creating reconfigurable and recyclable soft microrobots that can execute multimodal locomotion has been a challenge due to the difficulties in material processing and structure engineering at a small scale. Here, we propose a facile technique to manufacture diverse soft microrobots (∼100 μm in all dimensions) by mechanically assembling modular magnetic microactuators into different three-dimensional (3D) configurations. The module is composed of a cubic micropillar supported on a square substrate, both made of elastomer matrix embedded with prealigned magnetic nanoparticle chains. By directionally bonding the sides or backs of identical modules together, we demonstrate that assemblies from only two and four modules can execute a wide range of locomotion, including gripping microscale objects, crawling and crossing solid obstacles, swimming within narrow and tortuous microchannels, and rolling along flat and inclined surfaces, upon applying proper magnetic fields. The assembled microrobots can additionally perform pick-transfer-place and cargo-release tasks at the microscale. More importantly, like the game of block-building, the microrobots can be disassembled back to separate modules and then reassembled to other configurations as demanded. The present study not only provides a versatile and economic manufacturing technique for reconfigurable and recyclable soft microrobots, enabling unlimited design space for diverse robotic locomotion from limited materials and module structures, but also extends the functionality and dexterity of existing soft robots to microscale that should facilitate practical applications at such small scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langquan Shui
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Ni
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518108, China
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11
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Fan L, Yan Q, Qian Q, Zhang S, Wu L, Peng Y, Jiang S, Guo L, Yao J, Wu H. Laser-Induced Fast Assembly of Wettability-Finely-Tunable Superhydrophobic Surfaces for Lossless Droplet Transfer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36246-36257. [PMID: 35881172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rose-petal-like superhydrophobic surfaces with strong water adhesion are promising for microdroplet manipulation and lossless droplet transfer. Assembly of self-grown micropillars on shape-memory polymer sheets with their surface adhesion finely tunable was enabled using a picosecond laser microprocessing system in a simple, fast, and large-scale manner. The processing speed of the wettability-finely-tunable superhydrophobic surfaces is up to 0.5 cm2/min, around 50-100 times faster than the conventional lithography methods. By adjusting the micropillar height, diameter, and bending angle, as well as superhydrophobic chemical treatment, the contact angle and adhesive force of water droplets on the micropillar-textured surfaces can be tuned from 117.1° up to 165° and 15.4 up to 200.6 μN, respectively. Theoretical analysis suggests a well-defined wetting-state transition with respect to the micropillar size and provides a clear guideline for microstructure design for achieving a stabilized superhydrophobic region. Droplet handling devices, including liquid handling tweezers and gloves, were fabricated from the micropillar-textured surfaces, and lossless liquid transfer of various liquids among various surfaces was demonstrated using these devices. The superhydrophobic surfaces serve as a microreactor platform to perform and reveal the chemical reaction process under a space-constrained condition. The superhydrophobic surfaces with self-assembled micropillars promise great potential in the fields of lossless droplet transfer, biomedical detection, chemical engineering, and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Fan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Base on Laser Green Manufacturing, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingyu Yan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Base on Laser Green Manufacturing, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiangqiang Qian
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuowen Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Base on Laser Green Manufacturing, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Base on Laser Green Manufacturing, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Hangzhou Yinhu Laser Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shibin Jiang
- Hangzhou Yinhu Laser Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianbo Guo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jianhua Yao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Base on Laser Green Manufacturing, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaping Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Kang M, Seong M, Lee D, Kang SM, Kwak MK, Jeong HE. Self-Assembled Artificial Nanocilia Actuators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200185. [PMID: 35417603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) is a powerful route to constructing higher-order structures. However, the programmed self-assembly of NPs into non-close-packed, 3D, shape-morphing nanocilia arrays remains elusive, whereas dynamically actuated nanometer cilia are universal in living systems. Here, a programmable self-assembly strategy is presented that can direct magnetic NPs into a highly ordered responsive artificial nanocilia actuator with exquisite nanometer 3D structural arrangements. The self-assembled artificial NP cilia can maintain their structural integrity through the interplay of interparticle interactions. Interestingly, the nanocilia can exhibit a field-responsive actuation motion through "rolling and sliding" between assembled NPs rather than bending the entire ciliary beam. It is demonstrated that oleic acid coated over the NPs acts as a lubricating bearing and enables the rolling/sliding-based actuation of the cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Kwak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Eui Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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13
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Li C, Liu M, Yao Y, Zhang B, Peng Z, Chen S. Locust-Inspired Direction-Dependent Transport Based on a Magnetic-Responsive Asymmetric-Microplate-Arrayed Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23817-23825. [PMID: 35548931 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the highly efficient jumping mechanism of locusts, a magnetic-responsive asymmetric-microplate-arrayed surface is designed. Elastic energy can be stored in the microplate and rapidly released by loading and removing a magnetic field. Similar to the bouncing behavior of the locust, objects deposited on the surface of the microplate-arrayed surface will bounce suddenly. It is found that the continuous transport behavior can be induced in the moving magnetic field and the direction-dependent transport is well achieved by preparing the secondary microstructure. The results show that both the weight and transport velocity of the transported object in the forward transport direction are much greater than those in the reverse transport direction. Furthermore, the anisotropic transport property can be strengthened with the increase of the height of the secondary structure. Such surfaces can transport objects with either soft or hard stiffness, as well as objects with different geometric configurations, and the transport path can be arbitrarily programmed. Based on the transport mechanism, a flexible microconvey belt is further designed, which can transport objects in any controlled direction. Such a simple technique can provide new design ideas for directional microtransport requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Li
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yin Yao
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhilong Peng
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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14
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Shao Y, Dou H, Tao P, Jiang R, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Yue T, Gorb SN, Ren L. Precise Controlling of Friction and Adhesion on Reprogrammable Shape Memory Micropillars. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17995-18003. [PMID: 35389609 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microstructured surfaces with stimuli-responsive performances have aroused great attention in recent years, but it still remains a significant challenge to endow surfaces with precisely controlled morphological changes in microstructures, so as to get the precise control of regional properties (e.g., friction, adhesion). Herein, a kind of carbonyl iron particle-doped shape memory polyurethane micropillar with precisely controllable morphological changes is realized, upon remote near-infrared light (NIR) irradiation. Owing to the reversible transition of micropillars between bent and upright states, the micro-structured surface exhibits precisely controllable low-to-high friction transitions, together with the changes of friction coefficient ranging from ∼0.8 to ∼1.2. Hence, the changes of the surface friction even within an extremely small area can be precisely targeted, under local NIR laser irradiation. Moreover, the water droplet adhesion force of the surface can be reversibly switched between ∼160 and ∼760 μN, demonstrating the application potential in precisely controllable wettability. These features indicate that the smart stimuli-responsive micropillar arrays would be amenable to a variety of applications that require remote, selective, and on-demand responses, such as a refreshable Braille display system, micro-particle motion control, lab-on-a-chip, and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Haixu Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Peng Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Rujian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yong Fan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tailin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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15
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Jeon J, Choi H, Cho W, Hong J, Youk JH, Wie JJ. Height-Tunable Replica Molding Using Viscous Polymeric Resins. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:428-433. [PMID: 35575341 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Replica molding is one of the most common and low-cost methods for constructing microstructures for various applications, including dry adhesives, optics, tissue engineering, and strain sensors. However, replica molding provides only a single-height microstructure from a mold and master molds produced by an expensive photolithography process are required to prepare microstructures with different heights. Herein, we present a strategy to control the height of micropillars from the same mold by varying the cavity size of the micromold and the viscosity of the photocurable polyimide resin. The height of the constructed micropillar decreases in the case of small microcavities or high viscosity resin. In addition, the height of the micropillar arrays could be arbitrarily patterned by applying a masking technique. We believe that this cost-effective technique can be applied to metasurfaces for manipulation of electromagnetic signal or in biomedical applications including cell-culture and stem-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Jeon
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Science, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Howon Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Woongbi Cho
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Science, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jeonghyuck Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Ji Ho Youk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Science, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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16
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Kavand H, Nasiri R, Herland A. Advanced Materials and Sensors for Microphysiological Systems: Focus on Electronic and Electrooptical Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107876. [PMID: 34913206 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro cell culture systems or microphysiological systems (MPSs), including microfluidic organ-on-a-chip (OoC), are breakthrough technologies in biomedicine. These systems recapitulate features of human tissues outside of the body. They are increasingly being used to study the functionality of different organs for applications such as drug evolutions, disease modeling, and precision medicine. Currently, developers and endpoint users of these in vitro models promote how they can replace animal models or even be a better ethically neutral and humanized alternative to study pathology, physiology, and pharmacology. Although reported models show a remarkable physiological structure and function compared to the conventional 2D cell culture, they are almost exclusively based on standard passive polymers or glass with none or minimal real-time stimuli and readout capacity. The next technology leap in reproducing in vivo-like functionality and real-time monitoring of tissue function could be realized with advanced functional materials and devices. This review describes the currently reported electronic and optical advanced materials for sensing and stimulation of MPS models. In addition, an overview of multi-sensing for Body-on-Chip platforms is given. Finally, one gives the perspective on how advanced functional materials could be integrated into in vitro systems to precisely mimic human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Kavand
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9/B8, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9/B8, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
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17
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Abstract
In conventional classification, soft robots feature mechanical compliance as the main distinguishing factor from traditional robots made of rigid materials. Recent advances in functional soft materials have facilitated the emergence of a new class of soft robots capable of tether-free actuation in response to external stimuli such as heat, light, solvent, or electric or magnetic field. Among the various types of stimuli-responsive materials, magnetic soft materials have shown remarkable progress in their design and fabrication, leading to the development of magnetic soft robots with unique advantages and potential for many important applications. However, the field of magnetic soft robots is still in its infancy and requires further advancements in terms of design principles, fabrication methods, control mechanisms, and sensing modalities. Successful future development of magnetic soft robots would require a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principle of magnetic actuation, as well as the physical properties and behavior of magnetic soft materials. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the design and fabrication, modeling and simulation, and actuation and control of magnetic soft materials and robots. We then give a set of design guidelines for optimal actuation performance of magnetic soft materials. Lastly, we summarize potential biomedical applications of magnetic soft robots and provide our perspectives on next-generation magnetic soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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18
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Qian C, Zhou F, Wang T, Li Q, Hu D, Chen X, Wang Z. Pancake Jumping of Sessile Droplets. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103834. [PMID: 35032105 PMCID: PMC8895051 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rapid droplet shedding from surfaces is fundamentally interesting and important in numerous applications such as anti-icing, anti-fouling, dropwise condensation, and electricity generation. Recent efforts have demonstrated the complete rebound or pancake bouncing of impinging droplets by tuning the physicochemical properties of surfaces and applying external control, however, enabling sessile droplets to jump off surfaces in a bottom-to-up manner is challenging. Here, the rapid jumping of sessile droplets, even cold droplets, in a pancake shape is reported by engineering superhydrophobic magnetically responsive blades arrays. This largely unexplored droplet behavior, termed as pancake jumping, exhibits many advantages such as short interaction time and high energy conversion efficiency. The critical conditions for the occurrence of this new phenomenon are also identified. This work provides a new toolkit for the attainment of well-controlled and active steering of both sessile and impacting droplets for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Qian
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic EquipmentSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Fan Zhou
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic EquipmentSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Qiang Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic EquipmentSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Dinghua Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic EquipmentSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic EquipmentSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
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19
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Lee SH, Song HW, Park HJ, Kwak MK. Surface Adaptable and Adhesion Controllable Dry Adhesive with Shape Memory Polymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200012. [PMID: 35132723 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gecko foot consist of numerous micro/nano hierarchical hairs and exhibit a high adhesion onto various surfaces by the "van der Waals force". The gecko, despite its mighty adhesion, can travel efficiently with a rapid adhesion switching given that the end of hair in the gecko foot is slanted in one direction. Herein, we report a shape memory polymer (SMP)-based switchable dry adhesive (SSA), inspired by gecko foot, having tremendous surface adaptability and adhesion switching capability. The SSA shows not only high adhesion to the various surfaces (approximately 332.8 kPa) but also easy detachment (nearly 3.73 kPa) due to the characteristic of SMP, which can reversibly recover from a deformed shape to its initial shape. On the basis of the novel adhesion switching property, we suggest the SSA-applied advanced glass transfer system as a feasible application. This experiment confirms that an ultra-thin and light glass film is transferred easily and sustainably, and we believe that the SSA might be a breakthrough and a powerful alternative for not only conventional dry adhesive but also the next-level transfer systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, United States
| | - Hyun Woo Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Jun Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Kwak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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20
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Choi JS, Lim S, Kim J, Chung SS, Moon SE, Im JP, Kim JH, Kang SM. Capillary-Induced Clustering of Thermoresponsive Micropillars. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58201-58208. [PMID: 34817151 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the controllable clustering of thermoresponsive high-aspect-ratio hydrogel pillars by modulating the elastic modulus of the materials. Generally, high-aspect-ratio polymeric pillars readily cluster owing to the effect of capillary force and adhesion. However, this unstable behavior hinders the implementation of various functionalities such as wetting, adhesion, and energy harvesting on surfaces with such pillars. Conversely, clustering behavior may be required in the case of digital microfluidic platforms that grip tiny particles or perform biological and chemical analyses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a reliable method for controlling the clustering behavior. To this end, we fabricate high-aspect-ratio pillars that exhibit capillary-induced clustering behavior based on the cross-linker density of the thermoresponsive hydrogel and the temperature of the surrounding environment. Through experimental and theoretical analyses, a criterion for controlling the clustering and recovery behavior of the fabricated pillars is determined. The established criterion is employed to fabricate a smart mobile camera lens cover that can produce blurred and deblurred images based on optical variations resulting from the clustering and recovery of the pillars. The results of this study can be used to fabricate high-aspect-ratio polymeric pillars for use in diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seong Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Suim Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Kim
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Seong Seok Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eon Moon
- Emerging Nano-Materials Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Emerging Nano-Materials Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Emerging Nano-Materials Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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21
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Wang J, Zhu Z, Liu P, Yi S, Peng L, Yang Z, Tian X, Jiang L. Magneto-Responsive Shutter for On-Demand Droplet Manipulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2103182. [PMID: 34693657 PMCID: PMC8655205 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetically responsive structured surfaces enabling multifunctional droplet manipulation are of significant interest in both scientific and engineering research. To realize magnetic actuation, current strategies generally employ well-designed microarrays of high-aspect-ratio structure components (e.g., microcilia, micropillars, and microplates) with incorporated magnetism to allow reversible bending deformation driven by magnets. However, such magneto-responsive microarray surfaces suffer from highly restricted deformation range and poor control precision under magnetic field, restraining their droplet manipulation capability. Herein, a novel magneto-responsive shutter (MRS) design composed of arrayed microblades connected to a frame is developed for on-demand droplet manipulation. The microblades can perform two dynamical transformation operations, including reversible swing and rotation, and significantly, the transformation can be precisely controlled over a large rotation range with the highest rotation angle up to 3960°. Functionalized MRSs based on the above design, including Janus-MRS, superhydrophobic MRS (SHP-MRS) and lubricant infused slippery MRS (LIS-MRS), can realize a wide range of droplet manipulations, ranging from switchable wettability, directional droplet bounce, droplet distribution, and droplet merging, to continuous droplet transport along either straight or curved paths. MRS provides a new paradigm of using swing/rotation topographic transformation to replace conventional bending deformation for highly efficient and on-demand multimode droplet manipulation under magnetic actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zhengxu Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Shengzhu Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Lelun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zhilun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xuelin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
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22
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Patiño Cárdenas J, Encinas A, Ramírez Villegas R, de la Torre Medina J. Control of the asymmetric growth of nanowire arrays with gradient profiles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25892-25900. [PMID: 35479484 PMCID: PMC9037112 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04198c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel electrochemical methodology for the growth of arrays of Ni and Co nanowires (NWs) with linear and non-linear varying micro-height gradient profiles (μHGPs), has been developed. The growth mechanism of these microstructures consists of a three-dimensional growth originating from the allowed electrical contact between the electrolyte and the edges of the cathode at the bottom side of porous alumina membranes. It has been shown that the morphology of these microstructures strongly depends on electrodeposition parameters like the cation material and concentration and the reduction potential. At constant reduction potentials, linear Ni μHGPs with trapezoid-like geometry are obtained, whereas deviations from this simple morphology are observed for Co μHGPs. In this regime, the μHGPs average inclination angle decreases for more negative reduction potential values, leading as a result to more laterally extended microstructures. Besides, more complex morphologies have been obtained by varying the reduction potential using a simple power function of time. Using this strategy allows us to accelerate or decelerate the reduction potential in order to change the μHGPs morphology, so to obtain convex- or concave-like profiles. This methodology is a novel and reliable strategy to synthesize μHGPs into porous alumina membranes with controlled and well-defined morphologies. Furthermore, the synthesized low dimensional asymmetrically loaded nanowired substrates with μHGPs are interesting for their application in micro-antennas for localized electromagnetic radiation, magnetic stray field gradients in microfluidic systems, non-reciprocal microwave absorption, and super-capacitive devices for which a very large surface area and controlled morphology are key requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Patiño Cárdenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales - Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701 Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta C. P. 58190 Morelia Mexico
| | - Armando Encinas
- División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C. Caminio a la Presa 2055 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP Mexico
| | - Rossana Ramírez Villegas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales - Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701 Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta C. P. 58190 Morelia Mexico
| | - Joaquín de la Torre Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales - Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701 Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta C. P. 58190 Morelia Mexico
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23
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Park JE, Won S, Cho W, Kim JG, Jhang S, Lee JG, Wie JJ. Fabrication and applications of stimuli‐responsive micro/nanopillar arrays. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyoung Won
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Woongbi Cho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Saebohm Jhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyeong Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Wie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
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Luo Z, Zhang XA, Chang CH. Magnetically responsive polymer nanopillars with nickel cap. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:205301. [PMID: 33567417 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe4fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Embedding magnetic particles within polymer matrix is a common and facile method to fabricate magnetically responsive micro-/nanoscale pillars. However, the balance between mechanical compliance and magnetic susceptibility cannot be decoupled and the particles are limited by the pillar feature size, which can limit the actuation performance. Here we demonstrate a new type of magnetically responsive nanostructure consisting of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanopillar array with deposited nickel caps, that has successfully achieved such decoupling with multiple cap-geometry designs for a better actuation control. The actuation result of nanopillars with 540 nm period and 1.3 μm height has been analyzed using image processing, leading to a maximum displacement of 180 nm with a ratio of 13.9% with respect to the pillar height. Magnetic and mechanical models based on magnetic force and torque have been developed and used to mitigate the weakening effect of the actuation by the residual magnetic layer. This structure demonstrates a feasible strategy for magnetic actuation at the sub-micrometer scale with freedom to design magnetic cap and polymeric pillar separately. This structure can also be utilized in multiple applications such as tunable optical elements, dynamic droplet manipulation, and responsive particle manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiren Luo
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Xu A Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
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Ni K, Peng Q, Gao E, Wang K, Shao Q, Huang H, Xue L, Wang Z. Core-Shell Magnetic Micropillars for Reprogrammable Actuation. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4747-4758. [PMID: 33617237 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive micro/nanostructures that exhibit not only programmable but also reprogrammable actuation behaviors are highly desirable for various advanced engineering applications (e.g., anticounterfeiting, information encoding, dynamic imaging and display, microrobotics, etc.) but yet to be realized with state-of-the-art technologies. Here we report a concept and a corresponding experimental technique for core-shell magnetic micropillars enabling simultaneously programmable and reprogrammable actuations using a simple magnetic field. The micropillars are composed of elastomeric hollow shells for shaping encapsulated with liquid magnetic nanocomposite resin cores for actuating. The spatial distribution of the magnetic nanoparticles inside the resin channels can be dynamically modulated within individual micropillars, which consequently regulates the magnetomechanical responses of the pillars upon actuation (bending deformation varied near 1 order of magnitude under the same actuation field). We demonstrate that the micropillars with contrasting bending responses can be configured in an arbitrary spatial pattern by direct magnetic writing, and the written pattern can then be easily magnetically erased to facilitate next-round rewriting and reconfiguration. This reprogrammable actuation capability of the micropillars is further demonstrated by their potential applications for rewritable paper and recyclable displays, where various microscale characteristics can be controlled to dynamically appear and disappear at the same or different locations of one single micropillar array. The core-shell magnetic micropillars reported here provide a universal prototype for reprogrammable responsive micro/nanostructures through rational design and facile fabrication from conventional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ni
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Enlai Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Qian Shao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Houbing Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Longjian Xue
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Yi S, Lin Z, Wang C, Chen Z, Jiang L. 4D Printing of Magnetoactive Soft Materials for On-Demand Magnetic Actuation Transformation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4174-4184. [PMID: 33398983 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) printed magnetoactive soft material (MASM) with a three-dimensional (3D) patterned magnetization profile possesses programmable shape transformation and controllable locomotion ability, showing promising applications in actuators and soft robotics. However, typical 4D printing strategies for MASM always introduced a printing magnetic field to orient the magneto-sensitive particles in polymers. Such strategies not only increase the cooperative control complexity of a 3D printer but may also induce local agglomeration of magneto-sensitive particles, which disturbs the magnetization of the already-printed structure. Herein, we proposed a novel 4D printing strategy that coupled the traditional 3D injection printing with the origami-based magnetization technique for easy fabrication of MASM objects with a 3D patterned magnetization profile. The 3D injection printing that can rapidly create complex 3D structures and the origami-based magnetization technique that can generate the spatial magnetization profile are combined for fabrication of 3D MASM objects to yield programmable transformation and controllable locomotion. A physics-based finite element model was also developed for the design guidance of origami-based magnetization and magnetic actuation transformation of MASM. We further demonstrated the diverse functions derived from the complex shape deformation of MASM-based robots, including a bionic human hand that played "rock-paper-scissors" game, a bionic butterfly that swung the wings on the flower, and a bionic turtle that crawled on the land and swam in the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510085, P. R. China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510085, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhu Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510085, P. R. China
| | - Zi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510085, P. R. China
| | - Chuanyang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510085, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510085, P. R. China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510085, P. R. China
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Chen Z, Lin Y, Zheng G, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zheng S, Li J, Li J, Ren L, Jiang L. Programmable Transformation and Controllable Locomotion of Magnetoactive Soft Materials with 3D-Patterned Magnetization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58179-58190. [PMID: 33320521 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoactive soft material (MASM) is distinguished for multifunctional shape manipulations under magnetic actuation, thereby holding a great promise in soft robotics, actuators, electronics, and metamaterials. However, the current research of MASM with continuum hard-magnetic profiles focuses little on the transformation mechanism, high dimensional shape transformation, and multistable locomotion. Herein, we developed a systematic methodology for programmable transformation and controllable locomotion of MASM with 3D-patterned continuum magnetization. An iterative computational model based on the equilibrium between magnetic torque and deformation-induced elastic torque was developed for precise prediction of MASM transformation. Multidimensional and complex shape manipulation ability of MASM was demonstrated by magnetically actuated transformations, including 1D to 2D, 2D to 3D, and 3D to 4D transformations of solid MASM, 2D to 3D pattern transformation of MASM-based elastin-like mesh, and 3D to 4D transformation of MASM-based cuboidal lattice. Multistable and controllable locomotion of MASM was verified by multimodal locomotion behaviors of a scallop-inspired robot for wall climbing in a dry frame and drug delivery in wet stomach, including roll, open, and close under self-locked and unlocked states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 PR China
| | - Yinyan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 PR China
| | - Guizhou Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 PR China
| | - Yawen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 PR China
| | - Yuanxi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 PR China
| | - Siqi Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 PR China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 PR China
| | - Jiwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 PR China
| | - Lei Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 PR China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 PR China
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Wu S, Hu W, Ze Q, Sitti M, Zhao R. Multifunctional magnetic soft composites: a review. MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 3:042003. [PMID: 33834121 PMCID: PMC7610551 DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/abcb0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetically responsive soft materials are soft composites where magnetic fillers are embedded into soft polymeric matrices. These active materials have attracted extensive research and industrial interest due to their ability to realize fast and programmable shape changes through remote and untethered control under the application of magnetic fields. They would have many high-impact potential applications in soft robotics/devices, metamaterials, and biomedical devices. With a broad range of functional magnetic fillers, polymeric matrices, and advanced fabrication techniques, the material properties can be programmed for integrated functions, including programmable shape morphing, dynamic shape deformation-based locomotion, object manipulation and assembly, remote heat generation, as well as reconfigurable electronics. In this review, an overview of state-of-the-art developments and future perspectives in the multifunctional magnetically responsive soft materials is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Wenqi Hu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Qiji Ze
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ruike Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
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Jiang S, Hu Y, Wu H, Li R, Zhang Y, Chen C, Xue C, Xu B, Zhu W, Li J, Wu D, Chu J. Three-Dimensional Multifunctional Magnetically Responsive Liquid Manipulator Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Writing and Soft Transfer. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7519-7529. [PMID: 32915586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nature-inspired magnetically responsive intelligent topography surfaces have attracted considerable attention owing to their controllable droplet manipulation abilities. However, it is still challenging for magnetically responsive surfaces to realize three-dimensional (3D) droplet/multidroplet transport in both horizontal and vertical directions. Additionally, the droplet horizontal propulsion speed needs to be improved. In this work, a 3D droplet/multidroplet transport strategy based on magnetically responsive microplates array (MMA) actuated by a spatially varying and periodic magnetic field is proposed. The modified superhydrophobic surface can transport droplets rapidly both in horizontal and vertical directions, and it can even realize against-gravity upslope propulsion. The rapid horizontal droplet propulsion (∼58.6 mm/s) is ascribed to the abrupt inversion of the modified surface induced by the specific magnetic field. Furthermore, the nonmagnetically responsive microplates (NMMs)/MMA composite surface is constructed to realize 3D multidroplet manipulation. The implementations of MMA in manipulation of continuous fluids and liquid metal are further demonstrated, providing a valuable platform for microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Rui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Chao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Bing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wulin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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