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Konthoujam JS, Lin YS, Chang YH, Lin HT, Chang CY, Zhang YW, Lin SY, Kuo HC, Shih MH. Dynamical characteristics of AC-driven hybrid WSe 2 monolayer/AlGaInP quantum wells light-emitting device. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:140. [PMID: 37943364 PMCID: PMC10635932 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of functional light-emitting devices and numerous optoelectronic applications can be accomplished on an elegant platform provided by rapidly developing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). However, TMDCs-based light emitting devices encounter certain serious difficulties, such as high resistance losses from ohmic contacts or the need for complex heterostructures, which restricts the device applications. Despite the fact that AC-driven light emitting devices have developed ways to overcome these challenges, there is still a significant demand for multiple wavelength emission from a single device, which is necessary for full color light emitting devices. Here, we developed a dual-color AC-driven light-emitting device by integrating the WSe2 monolayer and AlGaInP-GaInP multiple quantum well (MQW) structures in the form of capacitor structure using AlOx insulating layer between the two emitters. In order to comprehend the characteristics of the hybrid device under various driving circumstances, we investigate the frequency-dependent EL intensity of the hybrid device using an equivalent RC circuit model. The time-resolved electroluminescence (TREL) characteristics of the hybrid device were analyzed in details to elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms governing its performance under varying applied frequencies. This dual-color hybrid light-emitting device enables the use of 2-D TMDC-based light emitters in a wider range of applications, including broad-band LEDs, quantum display systems, and chip-scale optoelectronic integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen-Shou Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ting Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chung Kuo
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Shih
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
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2
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Zhu G, Zhang L, Li W, Shi X, Zou Z, Guo Q, Li X, Xu W, Jie J, Wang T, Du W, Xiong Q. Room-temperature high-speed electrical modulation of excitonic distribution in a monolayer semiconductor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6701. [PMID: 37872139 PMCID: PMC10593816 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitons in monolayer semiconductors, benefitting from their large binding energies, hold great potential towards excitonic circuits bridging nano-electronics and photonics. However, achieving room-temperature ultrafast on-chip electrical modulation of excitonic distribution and flow in monolayer semiconductors is nontrivial. Here, utilizing lateral bias, we report high-speed electrical modulation of the excitonic distribution in a monolayer semiconductor junction at room temperature. The alternating charge trapping/detrapping at the two monolayer/electrode interfaces induces a non-uniform carrier distribution, leading to controlled in-plane spatial variations of excitonic populations, and mimicking a bias-driven excitonic flow. This modulation increases with the bias amplitude and eventually saturates, relating to the energetic distribution of trap density of states. The switching time of the modulation is down to 5 ns, enabling high-speed excitonic devices. Our findings reveal the trap-assisted exciton engineering in monolayer semiconductors and offer great opportunities for future two-dimensional excitonic devices and circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpeng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiuqi Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Weigao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Wei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, PR China
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Shi X, Li W, Lan X, Guo Q, Zhu G, Du W, Wang T. Room-Temperature Polarized Light-Emitting Diode-Based on a 2D Monolayer Semiconductor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301949. [PMID: 37357166 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-based 2D monolayer semiconductors, with the direct bandgap and the large exciton binding energy, are widely studied to develop miniaturized optoelectronic devices, e.g., nanoscale light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, in terms of polarization control, it is still quite challenging to realize polarized electroluminescence (EL) from TMD monolayers, especially at room temperature. Here, by using Ag nanowire top electrode, polarized LEDs are demonstrated based on 2D monolayer semiconductors (WSe2 , MoSe2 , and WS2 ) at room temperature with a degree of polarization (DoP) ranging from 50% to 63%. The highly anisotropic EL emission comes from the 2D/Ag interface via the electron/hole injection and recombination process, where the EL emission is also enhanced by the polarization-dependent plasmonic resonance of the Ag nanowire. These findings introduce new insights into the design of polarized 2D LED devices at room temperature and may promote the development of miniaturized 2D optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guangpeng Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Du
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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Rangnekar SV, Sangwan VK, Jin M, Khalaj M, Szydłowska BM, Dasgupta A, Kuo L, Kurtz HE, Marks TJ, Hersam MC. Electroluminescence from Megasonically Solution-Processed MoS 2 Nanosheet Films. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17516-17526. [PMID: 37606956 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to their superior optoelectronic properties, monolayer two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant attention for electroluminescent devices. However, challenges in isolating optoelectronically active TMD monolayers using scalable liquid phase exfoliation have precluded electroluminescence in large-area, solution-processed TMD films. Here, we overcome these limitations and demonstrate electroluminescence from molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet films by employing a monolayer-rich MoS2 ink produced by electrochemical intercalation and megasonic exfoliation. Characteristic monolayer MoS2 photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectral peaks at 1.88-1.90 eV are observed in megasonicated MoS2 films, with the emission intensity increasing with film thickness over the range 10-70 nm. Furthermore, employing a vertical light-emitting capacitor architecture enables uniform electroluminescence in large-area devices. These results indicate that megasonically exfoliated MoS2 monolayers retain their direct bandgap character in electrically percolating thin films even following multistep solution processing. Overall, this work establishes megasonicated MoS2 inks as an additive manufacturing platform for flexible, patterned, and miniaturized light sources that can likely be expanded to other TMD semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal V Rangnekar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mengru Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Maryam Khalaj
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Beata M Szydłowska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anushka Dasgupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lidia Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Heather E Kurtz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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5
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Chang YH, Lin YS, James Singh K, Lin HT, Chang CY, Chen ZZ, Zhang YW, Lin SY, Kuo HC, Shih MH. AC-driven multicolor electroluminescence from a hybrid WSe 2 monolayer/AlGaInP quantum well light-emitting device. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1347-1356. [PMID: 36562246 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03725d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used widely, but when operated at a low-voltage direct current (DC), they consume unnecessary power because a converter must be used to convert it to an alternating current (AC). DC flow across devices also causes charge accumulation at a high current density, leading to lowered LED reliability. In contrast, gallium-nitride-based LEDs can be operated without an AC-DC converter being required, potentially leading to greater energy efficiency and reliability. In this study, we developed a multicolor AC-driven light-emitting device by integrating a WSe2 monolayer and AlGaInP-GaInP multiple quantum well (MQW) structures. The CVD-grown WSe2 monolayer was placed on the top of an AlGaInP-based light-emitting diode (LED) wafer to create a two-dimensional/three-dimensional heterostructure. The interfaces of these hybrid devices are characterized and verified through transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. More than 20% energy conversion from the AlGaInP MQWs to the WSe2 monolayer was observed to boost the WSe2 monolayer emissions. The voltage dependence of the electroluminescence intensity was characterized. Electroluminescence intensity-voltage characteristic curves indicated that thermionic emission was the mechanism underlying carrier injection across the potential barrier at the Ag-WSe2 monolayer interface at low voltage, whereas Fowler-Nordheim emission was the mechanism at voltages higher than approximately 8.0 V. These multi-color hybrid light-emitting devices both expand the wavelength range of 2-D TMDC-based light emitters and support their implementation in applications such as chip-scale optoelectronic integrated systems, broad-band LEDs, and quantum display systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shou Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Konthoujam James Singh
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ting Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Yun Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Zhe Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chung Kuo
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Shih
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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6
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Sharma A, Zhu Y, Halbich R, Sun X, Zhang L, Wang B, Lu Y. Engineering the Dynamics and Transport of Excitons, Trions, and Biexcitons in Monolayer WS 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41165-41177. [PMID: 36048513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of transport and diffusion dynamics of quasi-particles such as excitons, trions, and biexcitons in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors has opened avenues for their application in high-speed excitonic and optoelectronic devices. However, long-range transport and fast diffusion of these quasi-particles have not been reported for 2D systems such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The reported diffusion coefficients from TMDCs are low, limiting their use in high-speed excitonic devices and other optoelectronic applications. Here, we report the highest exciton diffusion coefficient value in monolayer WS2 achieved via engineering the radiative lifetime and diffusion lengths using static back-gate voltage and substrate engineering. Electrostatic doping is observed to modulate the radiative lifetime and in turn the diffusion coefficient of excitons by ∼three times at room temperature. By combining electrostatic doping and substrate engineering, we push the diffusion coefficient to an extremely high value of 86.5 cm2/s, which has not been reported before in TMDCs and is even higher than the values in some 1D systems. At low temperatures, we further report the control of dynamic and spatial diffusion of excitons, trions, and biexcitons from WS2. The electrostatic control of dynamics and transport of these quasi-particles in monolayers establishes monolayer TMDCs as ideal candidates for high-speed excitonic circuits, optoelectronic, and photonic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Halbich
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xueqian Sun
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Linglong Zhang
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Bowen Wang
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Quantum Computation and Communication Technology ANU Node, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Zhan Y, Ju X, Gao Y, Sun F. Design of a polymerizable dithioaniline derivative with double functions of reducing volume shrinkage and initiating polymerization for LED photopolymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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