1
|
Seo DH, Oh GH, Song JM, Heo JW, Park S, Bae H, Park JH, Kim T. Compositionally Graded MoS 2xTe 2(1-x)/MoS 2 van der Waals Heterostructures for Ultrathin Photovoltaic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:47944-47951. [PMID: 39215688 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
van der Waals heterojunctions utilizing two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials have emerged as focal points in the field of optoelectronic devices, encompassing applications in light-emitting devices, photodetectors, solar cells, and beyond. In this study, we transferred few-atomic-layer films of compositionally graded ternary MoS2xTe2(1-x) alloys onto metal-organic chemical vapor deposition-grown molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as p- and n-type structures, leading to the creation of a van der Waals vertical heterostructure. The characteristics of the fabricated MoS2xTe2(1-x)/MoS2 vertical-stacked heterojunction were investigated considering the influence of tellurium (Te) incorporation. The systematic variation of parameter x (i.e., 0.8, 0.6, 0.5, 0.3, and 0) allowed for an exploration of the impact of Te incorporation on the photovoltaic performance of these heterojunctions. As a result, the power conversion efficiency was enhanced by approximately 6 orders of magnitude with increasing Te concentration; notably, photoresponsivities as high as ∼6.4 A/W were achieved. These findings emphasize the potential for enhancing ultrathin solar energy conversion in heterojunctions based on 2D TMDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Seo
- School of Advanced Fusion Studies and AI Semiconductor, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
- 2D Epi, inc, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Guen Hyung Oh
- 2D Epi, inc, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Song
- School of Advanced Fusion Studies and AI Semiconductor, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
- 2D Epi, inc, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Heo
- School of Advanced Fusion Studies and AI Semiconductor, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
- 2D Epi, inc, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hagyoul Bae
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyung Park
- Photovoltaics Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeWan Kim
- School of Advanced Fusion Studies and AI Semiconductor, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
- 2D Epi, inc, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Xu C, Sun Q, Zhu Y, Yan W, Cai G, Li Y, Si W, Lu X, Xu W, Yang Y, Lin Y. Delocalizing Excitation for Highly-Active Organic Photovoltaic Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402343. [PMID: 38639055 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Localized excitation in traditional organic photocatalysts typically prevents the generation and extraction of photo-induced free charge carriers, limiting their activity enhancement under illumination. Here, we enhance delocalized photoexcitation of small molecular photovoltaic catalysts by weakening their electron-phonon coupling via rational fluoro-substitution. The optimized 2FBP-4F catalyst we develop here exhibits a minimized Huang-Rhys factor of 0.35 in solution, high dielectric constant and strong crystallization in the solid state. As a result, the energy barrier for exciton dissociation is decreased, and more importantly, polarons are unusually observed in 2FBP-4F nanoparticles (NPs). With the increased hole transfer efficiency and prolonged charge carrier lifetime highly related to enhanced exciton delocalization, the PM6 : 2FBP-4F heterojunction NPs at varied concentration exhibit much higher optimized photocatalytic activity (207.6-561.8 mmol h-1 g-1) for hydrogen evolution than the control PM6 : BP-4F and PM6 : 2FBP-6F NPs, as well as other reported photocatalysts under simulated solar light (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm-2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaoying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qianlu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenlong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guilong Cai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenqin Si
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Weigao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding Y, Xiong S, Li M, Pu M, Zhu Y, Lai X, Wang Y, Qiu D, Lai H, He F. Highly-Efficient 2D Nonfullerene Acceptors Enabled by Subtle Molecular Tailoring Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309169. [PMID: 38072767 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The conjugate expansion of nonfullerene acceptors is considered to be a promising approach for improving organic photovoltaic performance because of its function in tuning morphological structure and molecular stacking behavior. In this work, two nonfullerene acceptors are designed and synthesized using a 2D π-conjugate expansion strategy, thus enabling the construction of highly-efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). Compared with YB2B (incorporating dibromophenanthrene on the quinoxaline-fused core), YB2T (incorporating dibromobenzodithiophene on the quinoxaline-fused core) has red-shifted spectral absorption and better charge transport properties. Moreover, the more orderly and tightly intermolecular stacking of YB2T provides the possibility of forming a more suitable phase separation morphology in blend films. Through characterization and analysis, the YB2T-based blend film is found to have higher exciton dissociation efficiency and less charge recombination. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.05% is achieved in YB2T-based binary OSCs, while YB2B-based devices only reached 10.94%. This study demonstrates the significance of the aromatic-ring substitution strategy for regulating the electronic structure and aggregation behavior of 2D nonfullerene acceptors, facilitating the development of devices with superior photovoltaic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ding
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shilong Xiong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingpeng Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingrui Pu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiwu Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xue Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dongsheng Qiu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grzibovskis R, Aizstrauts A, Pidluzhna A, Marcinskas M, Magomedov A, Karazhanov S, Malinauskas T, Getautis V, Vembris A. Energy-Level Interpretation of Carbazole Derivatives in Self-Assembling Monolayer. Molecules 2024; 29:1910. [PMID: 38731400 PMCID: PMC11085244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy-level alignment is a crucial factor in the performance of thin-film devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes and photovoltaics. One way to adjust these energy levels is through chemical modification of the molecules involved. However, this approach may lead to unintended changes in the optical and/or electrical properties of the compound. An alternative method for energy-level adjustment at the interface is the use of self-assembling monolayers (SAMs). Initially, SAMs with passive spacers were employed, creating a surface dipole moment that altered the work function (WF) of the electrode. However, recent advancements have led to the synthesis of SAM molecules with active spacers. This development necessitates considering not only the modification of the electrode's WF but also the ionization energy (IE) of the molecule itself. To measure both the IE of SAM molecules and their impact on the electrode's WF, a relatively simple method is photo-electric emission spectroscopy. Solar cell performance parameters have a higher correlation coefficient with the ionization energy of SAM molecules with carbazole derivatives as spacers (up to 0.97) than the work function of the modified electrode (up to 0.88). Consequently, SAMs consisting of molecules with active spacers can be viewed as hole transport layers rather than interface layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raitis Grzibovskis
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (R.G.); (A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Arturs Aizstrauts
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (R.G.); (A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Pidluzhna
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (R.G.); (A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Mantas Marcinskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Smagul Karazhanov
- Department for Solar Energy, Institute for Energy Technology, 173 Kjeller, Norway;
| | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Aivars Vembris
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (R.G.); (A.A.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu DT, Zhu WX, Dong Y, Daboczi M, Ham G, Hsieh HJ, Huang CJ, Xu W, Henderson C, Kim JS, Eslava S, Cha H, Macdonald TJ, Lin CT. Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Tin-Lead Perovskite Solar Cells via Sodium Hydroxide Dedoping of PEDOT:PSS. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400302. [PMID: 38634222 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained interest as candidates for the bottom cell of all-perovskite tandem solar cells due to their broad absorption of the solar spectrum. A notable challenge arises from the prevalent use of the hole transport layer, PEDOT:PSS, known for its inherently high doping level. This high doping level can lead to interfacial recombination, imposing a significant limitation on efficiency. Herein, NaOH is used to dedope PEDOT:PSS, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of Sn-Pb PSCs. Secondary ion mass spectrometer profiles indicate that sodium ions diffuse into the perovskite layer, improving its crystallinity and enlarging its grains. Comprehensive evaluations, including photoluminescence and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, confirm that dedoping significantly reduces interfacial recombination, resulting in an open-circuit voltage as high as 0.90 V. Additionally, dedoping PEDOT:PSS leads to increased shunt resistance and high fill factor up to 0.81. As a result of these improvements, the power conversion efficiency is enhanced from 19.7% to 22.6%. Utilizing NaOH to dedope PEDOT:PSS also transitions its nature from acidic to basic, enhancing stability and exhibiting less than a 7% power conversion efficiency loss after 1176 h of storage in N2 atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Tai Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Xian Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Yueyao Dong
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Matyas Daboczi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gayoung Ham
- Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hsing-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jing Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Charlie Henderson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Salvador Eslava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng J, Gui Z, Jiang Y, Wang J, Dong J. Methanol as an anti-solvent to improve the low open-circuit voltage of CsPbBr 3 perovskite solar cells prepared with water. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5180-5191. [PMID: 38381054 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
CsPbBr3 has received more and more attention in the field of optoelectronic devices due to its excellent stability. To address the cost and environmental concerns associated with the use of toxic methanol, water has been explored as a substitute solvent for CsBr in the preparation of CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, we utilized methanol as an anti-solvent of the CsBr/H2O solution to regulate the detrimental effects of water on the CsPbBr3 film and control the crystallization process. From results of the experiment, it was found that methanol anti-solvent treatment greatly improved the crystallization of the CsPbBr3 film, increased the grain size, and reduced the defect density. After the introduction of methanol anti-solvent treatment, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased from 6.09% to 7.91%, while the open-circuit voltage (Voc) increased from 1.18 V to 1.39 V. Furthermore, we incorporated 2-hydroxyethylurea into the CsPbBr3 PSCs to improve the wettability of PbBr2 towards the CsBr/H2O solution and ensure the formation of pure-phase CsPbBr3 films. The introduction of 2-hydroxyethylurea resulted in an additional increase in Voc from 1.19 V to 1.42 V. The PCE further improved from 6.56% to 8.62% after methanol anti-solvent treatment. These results demonstrate that methanol treatment effectively addresses the low Voc issue observed in CsPbBr3 PSCs prepared with water as a solvent. Importantly, this approach significantly reduces the reliance on methanol compared to conventional fabrication methods for CsPbBr3 PSCs. Overall, this work presents a promising pathway for achieving high Voc and efficiency in CsPbBr3 PSCs by utilizing water as a solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Cheng
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhisheng Gui
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yufan Jiang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jiaming Wang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jingjing Dong
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hoang MT, Yang Y, Chiu WH, Yu Y, Pham ND, Moonie P, Koplick A, Tulloch G, Martens W, Wang H. Unraveling the Mechanism of Alkali Metal Fluoride Post-Treatment of SnO 2 for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300431. [PMID: 37349857 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The facile synthesis and beneficial properties of tin oxide have driven the development of efficient planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To increase the PSC performance, alkali salts are used to treat the SnO2 surface to minimize the defect states. However, the underlying mechanism of alkali cations' role in the PSCs needs further exploration. Herein the effect of alkali fluoride salts (KF, RbF, and CsF) on the properties of SnO2 and PSC performance is investigated. The results show different alkali have significant roles depending on their nature. Larger cations Cs+ preferably locate at the SnO2 film surface to passivate surface defects and enhance conductivity, while smaller cations like Rb+ or K+ cations tend to diffuse into the perovskite layer to reduce trap density of the material. The former effect leads to enhanced fill factor while the latter effect increases the open circuit voltage of the device. It is then demonstrated that a dual cation post-treatment of the SnO2 layer with RbF and CsF achieves PSC with a significantly higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.66% compared to pristine PSC with a PCE of 19.71%. This highlights the significance of defect engineering of SnO2 using selective multiple alkali treatment to improve PSC performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tam Hoang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Wei Hsun Chiu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Yongyue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | | | - Paul Moonie
- Greatcell Australia, Bomen, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | | | | | - Wayde Martens
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang KN, Du XY, Yan L, Pu YJ, Tajima K, Wang X, Hao XT. Organic Photovoltaic Stability: Understanding the Role of Engineering Exciton and Charge Carrier Dynamics from Recent Progress. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300397. [PMID: 37204077 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the synergistic development of material design, device engineering, and the mechanistic understanding of device physics, the certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of single-junction non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have already reached a very high value of exceeding 19%. However, in addition to PCEs, the poor stability is now a challenging obstacle for commercial applications of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, recent progress made in exploring operational mechanisms, anomalous photoelectric behaviors, and improving long-term stability in non-fullerene OSCs are highlighted from a novel and previously largely undiscussed perspective of engineering exciton and charge carrier pathways. Considering the intrinsic connection among multiple temporal-scale photocarrier dynamics, multi-length scale morphologies, and photovoltaic performance in OPVs, this review delineates and establishes a comprehensive and in-depth property-function relationship for evaluating the actual device stability. Moreover, this review has also provided some valuable photophysical insights into employing the advanced characterization techniques such as transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence imagings. Finally, some of the remaining major challenges related to this topic are proposed toward the further advances of enhancing long-term operational stability in non-fullerene OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ning Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xingzhu Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He D, Li Y, Zhao F, Lin Y. Trap suppression in ordered organic photovoltaic heterojunctions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:364-373. [PMID: 38099599 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05559k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The high trap density (generally 1016-1018 cm-3) in organic solar cells (OSCs) brings about the localization of charge carriers and reduced charge carrier lifetime, mainly due to the weak intermolecular interactions of organic semiconductors resulting in their relatively poor crystallinity, which leads to low charge carrier mobilities and intense non-radiative recombination, thus impeding the further improvement of power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Therefore, trap suppression is crucial to boost the performance of OSCs, and improving the crystallinity of donor/acceptor materials and enhancing the molecular order in devices can contribute to the trap suppression in OSCs. In this feature article, we summarize the recent advances of trap suppression in OSCs by material design and device engineering, and further outline possible development directions for trap suppression to enhance PCEs of OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fuwen Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zahoor A, Sadiq S, Khera RA, Essid M, Aloui Z, Alatawi NS, Ibrahim MAA, Hasanin THA, Waqas M. A DFT study for improving the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells by designing symmetric non-fullerene acceptors by quantum chemical modification on pre-existed LC81 molecule. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108613. [PMID: 37659133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing the energy loss and improving the open circuit voltage of organic solar cells is still a primary concern for scientists working in this field. With the aim to enhance the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells by minimizing energy loss and improving open circuit voltage, seven new acceptor molecules (LC1-LC7) are presented in this work. These molecules are designed by modifying the terminal acceptors of pre-existed "LC81" molecule based on an indacinodithiophene (IDT) fused core. The end-group modification approach is very fruitful in ameliorating the efficacy and optoelectric behavior of OSCs. The newly developed molecules presented remarkable improvements in performance-related parameters and optoelectronic properties. Among all designed molecules, LC7 exhibited the highest absorption maxima (λmax = 869 nm) with the lowest band-gap (1.79 eV), lowest excitation energy (Ex = 1.42 eV), lowest binding energy, and highest excited state lifetime (0.41 ns). The newly designed molecules LC2, LC3, and LC4 exhibited remarkably improved Voc that was 1.84 eV, 1.82 eV, and 1.79 eV accordingly, compared to the LC81 molecule with Voc of 1.74 eV LC2 molecule showed significant improvement in fill factor compared to the previously presented LC81 molecule. LC2, LC6, and LC7 showed a remarkable reduction in energy loss by showing Eloss values of 0.26 eV, 0.18 eV, and 0.25 eV than LC81 molecule (0.37 eV). These findings validate the supremacy of these developed molecules (especially LC2) as potential components of future OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amna Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sonia Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naifa S Alatawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Tamer H A Hasanin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gutberlet T, Chang HT, Zayko S, Sivis M, Ropers C. High-sensitivity extreme-ultraviolet transient absorption spectroscopy enabled by machine learning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:39757-39764. [PMID: 38041291 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel denoising scheme for spectroscopy experiments employing broadband light sources and demonstrate its capabilities using transient absorption measurements with a high-harmonic source. Our scheme relies on measuring the probe spectra before and after interacting with the sample while capturing correlations between spectral components through machine learning approaches. With the present setup we achieve up to a tenfold improvement in noise suppression in XUV transient absorption spectra compared to the conventional pump on/ pump off referencing method. By utilizing strong spectral correlations in source fluctuations, the use of an artificial neural network facilitates pixel-wise noise reduction without requiring wavelength calibration of the reference spectrum. Our method can be adapted to a wide range of experiments and may be particularly advantageous for low repetition-rate systems, such as free electron lasers as well as laser-driven plasma and HHG sources. The enhanced sensitivity enables the investigation of subtle electron and lattice dynamics in the weak excitation regime, which is relevant for studying photovoltaics and photo-induced phase transitions in strongly correlated materials.
Collapse
|
12
|
Krückemeier L, Liu Z, Kirchartz T, Rau U. Quantifying Charge Extraction and Recombination Using the Rise and Decay of the Transient Photovoltage of Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300872. [PMID: 37147880 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of photogenerated charge carriers and the generation of a photovoltage belong to the fundamental functionalities of any solar cell. These processes happen not instantaneously but rather come with finite time constants, e.g., a time constant related to the rise of the externally measured open circuit voltage following a short light pulse. Herein, a new method to analyze transient photovoltage measurements at different bias light intensities combining rise and decay times of the photovoltage. The approach uses a linearized version of a system of two coupled differential equations that are solved analytically by determining the eigenvalues of a 2 × 2 matrix. By comparison between the eigenvalues and the measured rise and decay times during a transient photovoltage measurement, the rates of carrier recombination and extraction as a function of bias voltage are determined, and establish a simple link between their ratio and the efficiency losses in the perovskite solar cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Krückemeier
- IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy and Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstr. 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhifa Liu
- IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Rau
- IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy and Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstr. 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu K, Jiang Y, Liu F, Ran G, Huang F, Wang W, Zhang W, Zhang C, Hou J, Zhu X. Organic Solar Cells with Over 19% Efficiency Enabled by a 2D-Conjugated Non-Fullerene Acceptor Featuring Favorable Electronic and Aggregation Structures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300363. [PMID: 37243566 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The π-expansion of non-fullerene acceptors is a promising method for boosting the organic photovoltaic performance by allowing the fine-tuning of electronic structures and molecular packing. In this work, highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) are fabricated using a 2D π-expansion strategy to design new non-fullerene acceptors. Compared with the quinoxaline-fused cores of AQx-16, the π-expanded phenazine-fused cores of AQx-18 induce more ordered and compact packing between adjacent molecules, affording an optimized morphology with rational phase separation in the blend film. This facilitates efficient exciton dissociation and inhibited charge recombination. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.2% with simultaneously increasing Voc , Jsc , and fill factor is achieved in the AQx-18-based binary OSCs. Significantly, AQx-18-based ternary devices fabricated via a two-in-one alloy acceptor strategy exhibit a superior PCE of 19.1%, one of the highest values ever reported for OSCs, along with a high Voc of 0.928 V. These results indicate the importance of the 2D π-expansion strategy for the delicate regulation of the electronic structures and crystalline behaviors of the non-fullerene acceptors to achieve superior photovoltaic performance, aimed at significantly promoting further development of OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Song S, Kim H, Kang C, Bae J. Terahertz Optical Properties and Carrier Behaviors of Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot and Reduced Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot via Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1948. [PMID: 37446464 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with a band gap have been widely applied in many fields owing to their unique optical properties. To better utilize the optical advantages of GQDs, it is important to understand their optical characteristics. Our study demonstrates the optical properties and carrier behaviors of synthesized graphene oxide quantum dot (GOQD) and reduced graphene oxide quantum dot (rGOQD) pellets via Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The complex permittivity and optical conductivity are obtained in the terahertz region, indicating that the optical conductivity of the GOQD is higher than that of the rGOQD. Although rGOQD has a higher carrier density, approximately 1.5-times than that of GOQD, the lower charge carrier mobility of the rGOQD, which is obtained using Drude-Lorentz oscillator model fitting contributes to a decrease in optical conductivity. This lower mobility can be attributed to the more significant number of defect states within the rGOQD compared to GOQD. To the best of our knowledge, our study initially demonstrates the optical property and carrier behaviors of GOQD and rGOQD in the THz region. Moreover, this study provides important information on factors influencing carrier behavior to various fields in which carrier behavior plays an important role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Song
- Department of Physics, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongmun Kim
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institue of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Kang
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institue of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Bae
- Department of Physics, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sadiq S, Waqas M, Zahoor A, Mehmood RF, Essid M, Aloui Z, Khera RA, Akram SJ. Synergistic modification of end groups in Quinoxaline fused core-based acceptor molecule to enhance its photovoltaic characteristics for superior organic solar cells. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108518. [PMID: 37235903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The competence of organic solar cells (OSCs) could be enhanced by improving the light absorption capabilities as well as the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of utilized molecules. To upgrade overall functionality of OSCs, seven new molecules were designed in this work using an end-cap alteration technique on Quinoxaline fused core-based non-fullerene acceptor (Qx-2) molecule. This technique is known to be quite advantageous in terms of improvement of the effectiveness and optoelectrical behavior of various OSCs. Critical parameters like the absorption maximum, frontier molecular orbitals, excitation energy, exciton binding energy, Voc, and fill factor of molecules were considered for the molecules thus designed. All newly designed molecules showed outstanding improvement in optoelectronic as well as performance-related properties. Out of all scrutinized molecules, Q1 exhibited highest wavelength of absorption peak (λmax = 779 nm) with the reduced band gap (1.90 eV), least excitation energy (Ex = 1.59 eV), along with the highest dipole moment (17.982950 D). Additionally, the newly designed compounds Q4, Q5, and Q6 exhibited significantly improved Vocs that were 1.55, 1.47, and 1.50 eV accordingly, as compared to the 1.37 eV of Qx-2 molecule. These molecules also showed remarkable improvement in fill factor attributed to direct correspondence of Voc with it. Inclusively, these results support the superiority of these newly developed molecules as prospective constituents of upgraded OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao F, He D, Zou C, Li Y, Wang K, Zhang J, Yang S, Tu Y, Wang C, Lin Y. Fullerene-Liquid-Crystal-Induced Micrometer-Scale Charge-Carrier Diffusion in Organic Bulk Heterojunction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210463. [PMID: 36546408 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The short charge-carrier diffusion length (LD ) (100-300 nm) in organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) impedes the further improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs), especially for thick-film (>400 nm) devices matching with industrial solution processing. Here a facile method is developed to efficiently increase LD and then improve PCEs of OSCs via introducing a fullerene liquid crystal, F1, into the active layer. F1 combines the inherent high electron mobility of fullerene and strong self-assembly capacity of liquid crystal, providing a fast channel for charge-carrier transport and reducing energetic disorder and trap density in BHJ film via enhancing crystallization. Typically, in PM6:Y6:F1 BHJ, the enhanced charge-carrier mobility (>10-2 cm-2 V-1 s-1 ) and prolonged charge-carrier lifetime (55.3 µs) are acquired to realize the record LD of 1.6 or 2.4 µm for electron or hole, respectively, which are much higher than those of the PM6:Y6 binary sample and comparable to or even better than those values reported for some inorganic/hybrid materials, such as CuInx Ga(1- x ) Se2 (CIGS) and perovskite thin films. Benefitting from the micrometer-scale LD , the PM6:Y6:F1 ternary OSCs sustain a remarkable PCE of 15.23% with the active layer thickness approaching 500 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dan He
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Can Zou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201100, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201100, P. R. China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gao Y, Zhao C, Pu K, He M, Cai W, Tang MC, Kang F, Yip HL, Wei G. Low-voltage-modulated perovskite/organic dual-band photodetectors for visible and near-infrared imaging. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1982-1990. [PMID: 36546208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Visible and near-infrared (NIR) light dual-band photodetectors (PDs) have potential applications in signal detection, bioimaging, optical communications and safety monitoring. Herein, we report an ultrafast perovskite/organic heterojunction dual-mode PD with a voltage-modulated photoresponse range in visible and NIR spectra. The PD, comprising a perovskite layer to absorb visible light (500-810 nm) and an organic bulk heterojunction layer for NIR light absorption (810-950 nm), exhibited a switchable spectral response in the visible or NIR bands. The voltage-modulated visible and NIR photoresponses of the PD were attributable to controlled charge photogeneration in perovskite and organic blend thin films under different bias polarities. The device exhibited peak responsivities of 93.5 and 102.2 mA/W in the visible and NIR bands, respectively; a high detectivity of 4.3 × 109 Jones (at forward bias of 0.7 V and incident 625 nm light) and 1.6 × 1012 Jones (at reverse bias of -1.5 V and incident 900 nm light); a fast microsecond response time; and a wide dynamic range (>120 dB) both in the visible mode and NIR mode. Also, this voltage-modulated dual-band PD shows promising applications in visible light and NIR imaging, which is proven by demonstrating a PD array with 25 pixels (5 × 5).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Kai Pu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Miao He
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wanqing Cai
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Man-Chung Tang
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guodan Wei
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gu X, Lai X, Zhang Y, Wang T, Tan WL, McNeill CR, Liu Q, Sonar P, He F, Li W, Shan C, Kyaw AKK. Organic Solar Cell With Efficiency Over 20% and V OC Exceeding 2.1 V Enabled by Tandem With All-Inorganic Perovskite and Thermal Annealing-Free Process. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200445. [PMID: 35876031 PMCID: PMC9534952 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on polymer donor and non-fullerene acceptor achieve power conversion efficiency (PCE) more than 19% but their poor absorption below 550 nm restricts the harvesting of high-energy photons. In contrast, wide bandgap all-inorganic perovskites limit the absorption of low-energy photons and cause serious below bandgap loss. Therefore, a 2-terminal (2T) monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cell (TSC) incorporating wide bandgap CsPbI2 Br is demonstrated as front cell absorber and organic PM6:Y6 blend as rear cell absorber, to extend the absorption of OSCs into high-energy photon region. The perovskite sub-cell, featuring a sol-gel prepared ZnO/SnO2 bilayer electron transporting layer, renders a high open-circuit voltage (VOC ). The VOC is further enhanced by employing thermal annealing (TA)-free process in the fabrication of rear sub-cell, demonstrating a record high VOC of 2.116 V. The TA-free Ag/PFN-Br interface in organic sub-cell facilitates charge transport and restrains nonradiative recombination. Consequently, a remarkable PCE of 20.6% is achieved in monolithic 2T-TSCs configuration, which is higher than that of both reported single junction and tandem OSCs, demonstrating that tandem with wide bandgap all-inorganic perovskite is a promising strategy to improve the efficiency of OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gu
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Xue Lai
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Yuniu Zhang
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Teng Wang
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
- Center for Materials ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
| | - Prashant Sonar
- Center for Materials ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
| | - Feng He
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Chengwei Shan
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Aung Ko Ko Kyaw
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ward MD, Shi W, Gasparini N, Nelson J, Wade J, Fuchter MJ. Best practices in the measurement of circularly polarised photodetectors. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:10452-10463. [PMID: 35967516 PMCID: PMC9332130 DOI: 10.1039/d2tc01224c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarised light will revolutionise emerging technologies, including encrypted light-based communications, quantum computing, bioimaging and multi-channel data processing. In order to make use of these remarkable opportunities, high performance photodetectors that can accurately differentiate between left- and right-handed circularly polarised light are desperately needed. Whilst this potential has resulted in considerable research interest in chiral materials and circularly polarised photodetecting devices, their translation into real-world technologies is limited by non-standardised reporting and testing protocols. This mini-review provides an accessible introduction into the working principles of circularly polarised photodetectors and a comprehensive overview of the performance metrics of state-of-the-art devices. We propose a rigorous device characterisation procedure that will allow for standardised evaluation of novel devices, which we hope will accelerate research and investment in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Ward
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Wenda Shi
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Jessica Wade
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Labanti C, Wu J, Shin J, Limbu S, Yun S, Fang F, Park SY, Heo CJ, Lim Y, Choi T, Kim HJ, Hong H, Choi B, Park KB, Durrant JR, Kim JS. Light-intensity-dependent photoresponse time of organic photodetectors and its molecular origin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3745. [PMID: 35768429 PMCID: PMC9243077 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photodetectors (OPDs) exhibit superior spectral responses but slower photoresponse times compared to inorganic counterparts. Herein, we study the light-intensity-dependent OPD photoresponse time with two small-molecule donors (planar MPTA or twisted NP-SA) co-evaporated with C60 acceptors. MPTA:C60 exhibits the fastest response time at high-light intensities (>0.5 mW/cm2), attributed to its planar structure favoring strong intermolecular interactions. However, this blend exhibits the slowest response at low-light intensities, which is correlated with biphasic photocurrent transients indicative of the presence of a low density of deep trap states. Optical, structural, and energetical analyses indicate that MPTA molecular packing is strongly disrupted by C60, resulting in a larger (370 meV) HOMO level shift. This results in greater energetic inhomogeneity including possible MPTA-C60 adduct formation, leading to deep trap states which limit the low-light photoresponse time. This work provides important insights into the small molecule design rules critical for low charge-trapping and high-speed OPD applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Labanti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jisoo Shin
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Saurav Limbu
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sungyoung Yun
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Feifei Fang
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Song Yi Park
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chul-Joon Heo
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Younhee Lim
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Taejin Choi
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Ju Kim
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Hyerim Hong
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Byoungki Choi
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Kyung-Bae Park
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea.
| | - James R Durrant
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lowing the energy loss of organic solar cells by molecular packing engineering via multiple molecular conjugation extension. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
Vertically optimized phase separation with improved exciton diffusion enables efficient organic solar cells with thick active layers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2369. [PMID: 35501300 PMCID: PMC9061803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of organic solar cells (OSCs) with thick active layers is of crucial importance for the roll-to-roll printing of large-area solar panels. Unfortunately, increasing the active layer thickness usually results in a significant reduction in efficiency. Herein, we fabricated efficient thick-film OSCs with an active layer consisting of one polymer donor and two non-fullerene acceptors. The two acceptors were found to possess enlarged exciton diffusion length in the mixed phase, which is beneficial to exciton generation and dissociation. Additionally, layer by layer approach was employed to optimize the vertical phase separation. Benefiting from the synergetic effects of enlarged exciton diffusion length and graded vertical phase separation, an efficiency of 17.31% (certified value of 16.9%) is obtained for the 300 nm-thick OSC, with a short-circuit current density of 28.36 mA cm−2, and a high fill factor of 73.0%. Moreover, the device with an active layer thickness of 500 nm also shows an efficiency of 15.21%. This work provides valuable insights into the fabrication of OSCs with thick active layers. Exciton diffusion length and graded vertical phase separation of the active layer play a critical role in the realization of high-performance thick-film organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, authors demonstrated OSCs with an efficiency of 17.31%, with an active layer thickness of around 300 nm.
Collapse
|