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Chen H, Zhu Z, Zhao B, Huang W, Qu G, Xu Z, Yu X, Xiao Q, Yang S, Li Y. Vertically Oriented Quasi-2D Perovskite Grown In-Situ by Carbonyl Array-Synergized Crystallization for Direct X-Ray Detectors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309185. [PMID: 38741387 PMCID: PMC11267269 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Quasi-2D perovskite quantum wells are increasingly recognized as promising candidates for direct-conversion X-ray detection. However, the fabrication of oriented and uniformly thick quasi-2D perovskite films, crucial for effective high-energy X-ray detection, is hindered by the inherent challenges of preferential crystallization at the gas-liquid interface, resulting in poor film quality. In addressing this limitation, a carbonyl array-synergized crystallization (CSC) strategy is employed for the fabrication of thick films of a quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase perovskite, specifically PEA2MA4Pb5I16. The CSC strategy involves incorporating two forms of carbonyls in the perovskite precursor, generating large and dense intermediates. This design reduces the nucleation rate at the gas-liquid interface, enhances the binding energies of Pb2+ at (202) and (111) planes, and passivates ion vacancy defects. Consequently, the construction of high-quality thick films of PEA2MA4Pb5I16 RP perovskite quantum wells is achieved and characterized by vertical orientation and a pure well-width distribution. The corresponding PEA2MA4Pb5I16 RP perovskite X-ray detectors exhibit multi-dimensional advantages in performance compared to previous approaches and commercially available a-Se detectors. This CSC strategy promotes 2D perovskites as a candidate for next-generation large-area flat-panel X-ray detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Chen
- Materials Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan232001China
| | - Ziyao Zhu
- Materials Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Materials Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Weixiong Huang
- Materials Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Geping Qu
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Zong‐Xiang Xu
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Xue‐Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Quanlan Xiao
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Nano‐Micro Material ResearchSchool of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyShenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Materials Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
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Yang Z, Qin A, Qin H, Li Z, Xiang Y, Liu H, Qiu J, Wang X. Ion migration and dark current suppression in quasi-2D perovskite-based X-ray detectors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19124-19133. [PMID: 38882481 PMCID: PMC11177289 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02606c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cesium-based lead-free double perovskite materials (Cs2AgBiBr6) have garnered significant attention in the X-ray detection field due to their environment friendly characteristics. However, their substantial ion migration properties lead to large dark currents and detection limits in Cs2AgBiBr6-based X-ray detectors, restricting the detection performance of the device. In terms of process technology, ultrasonic spraying is more suitable than a spin-coating method for fabricating large-area, micron-scale perovskite thick films, with higher cost-effectiveness, which is crucial for X-ray detection. This work introduces a BA+ (BA+ = CH3CH2CH2CH2NH3 +, n-butyl) source into the precursor solution and employs ultrasonic spraying to fabricate quasi-two-dimensional structured polycrystalline (BA)2Cs9Ag5Bi5Br31 perovskite thick films, developing a low-cost, eco-friendly X-ray detector with low dark current density and low detection limit. Characterization results reveal that the ion migration activation energy of (BA)2Cs9Ag5Bi5Br31 reaches 419 meV, approximately 17% higher than that of traditional three-dimensional perovskites, effectively suppressing perovskite ion migration and subsequently reducing the dark current. The (BA)2Cs9Ag5Bi5Br31-based X-ray detectors exhibit high resistivity (about 1.75 × 1010 Ω cm), low dark current density (66 nA cm-2), minimal dark current drift (0.016 pA cm-1 s-1 V-1), and detection limit (138 nGyair s-1), holding considerable promise for applications in low-noise, low-dose X-ray detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenting Yang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Aimiao Qin
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal & Materials, Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Haiqing Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, National Engineering Research Center for Special Mineral Material, Guangxi Technology Innovation Center for Special Mineral Material, China Nonferrous Metal (Guilin) Geology And Mining Co., Ltd Guilin China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yong Xiang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
- Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory Chengdu China
| | - Hao Liu
- BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd Beijing China
| | - Jinyu Qiu
- Chengdu Experimental Foreign Languages School International Department Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
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Qiu J, Zhao H, Mu Z, Chen J, Gu H, Gu C, Xing G, Qin X, Liu X. Turning Nonemissive CsPb 2Br 5 Crystals into High-Performance Scintillators through Alkali Metal Doping. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2503-2510. [PMID: 38258747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
X-ray scintillators have utility in radiation detection, therapy, and imaging. Various materials, such as halide perovskites, organic illuminators, and metal clusters, have been developed to replace conventional scintillators due to their ease of fabrication, improved performance, and adaptability. However, they suffer from self-absorption, chemical instability, and weak X-ray stopping power. Addressing these limitations, we employ alkali metal doping to turn nonemissive CsPb2Br5 into scintillators. Introducing alkali metal dopants causes lattice distortion and enhances electron-phonon coupling, which creates transient potential energy wells capable of trapping photogenerated or X-ray-generated electrons and holes to form self-trapped excitons. These self-trapped excitons undergo radiative recombination, resulting in a photoluminescence quantum yield of 55.92%. The CsPb2Br5-based X-ray scintillator offers strong X-ray stopping power, high resistance to self-absorption, and enhanced stability when exposed to the atmosphere, chemical solvents, and intense irradiation. It exhibits a detection limit of 162.3 nGyair s-1 and an imaging resolution of 21 lp mm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Mu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hao Gu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Chang Gu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Xian Qin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou 350117, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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Kim MK, Choi YS, Kim D, Heo K, Oh SJ, Lee S, An J, Yoo H, Kim SH, Kim TS, Shin B. Integration of Large-Area Halide Perovskite Single Crystals and Substrates via Chemical Welding Using an Ionic Liquid for Applications in X-ray Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38015650 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The large carrier lifetime mobility product and strong stopping power for high-energy X-rays make halide perovskites an attractive candidate for next-generation X-ray detectors. In particular, high-energy X-rays in the range of several tens of keV require halide perovskite absorber layers with thicknesses exceeding a few millimeters. To avoid carrier scattering caused by grain boundaries at such thicknesses, the utilization of single crystals is desirable. Large-area single crystals are predominantly grown in a freestanding form, and integration onto a substrate is necessary for the fabrication of commercial devices. However, an effective method for integrating large single crystals onto a substrate has not yet been developed. In this study, a large-area (20 cm2) MAPbBr3 single crystal is bonded to an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate using an ionic liquid, showing strong adhesion strength of 164 kPa. X-ray detectors based on ITO/MAPbBr3 single crystal bonded by methylammonium acetate achieved excellent sensitivity of 91,200 μC Gyair-1 cm-2, the highest among substrate-integrated halide perovskite single crystal X-ray detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-si 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seung Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-si 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooho Kim
- Strategic Development team, Vieworks Company, Ltd., 41-3, Burim-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14055, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Heo
- Strategic Development team, Vieworks Company, Ltd., 41-3, Burim-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14055, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-si 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-si 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho An
- Strategic Development team, Vieworks Company, Ltd., 41-3, Burim-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14055, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjae Yoo
- Strategic Development team, Vieworks Company, Ltd., 41-3, Burim-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14055, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Strategic Development team, Vieworks Company, Ltd., 41-3, Burim-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14055, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-si 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungha Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-si 34141, Republic of Korea
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Chu D, Jia B, Liu N, Zhang Y, Li X, Feng J, Pi J, Yang Z, Zhao G, Liu Y, Liu S(F, Park NG. Lattice engineering for stabilized black FAPbI 3 perovskite single crystals for high-resolution x-ray imaging at the lowest dose. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh2255. [PMID: 37647409 PMCID: PMC10468129 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary theoretical analyses indicate that lattice relaxation may be used to release lattice strain in the FAPbI3 perovskite to warrant both high x-ray detection performance and improved stability. Herein, we demonstrate stable black α-phase FAPbI3 single crystals (SCs) realized by lattice engineering via annealing in the ambient atmosphere. The engineered α-FAPbI3 SC detector shows almost all the best figures of merit including a high sensitivity of 4.15 × 105 μC Gyair-1 cm-2, a low detection limit of 1.1 nGyair s-1, a high resolution of 15.9 lp mm-1, and a short response time of 214 μs. We further demonstrate high-definition x-ray imaging at a dose rate below 10 nGyair s-1 on the FAPbI3 SC, indicating a minimal dose-area product of 0.048 mGyair cm2 to the patient for one-time posteroanterior chest diagnosis, which is more than 3000 times lower than the international reference level of 150 mGyair cm2. In addition, the robust long-term stability enables the FAPbI3 SC x-ray detector to work steadily for more than 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Chu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Binxia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Naiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jiangshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Jiacheng Pi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Guangtao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Lin CF, Huang KW, Chen YT, Hsueh SL, Li MH, Chen P. Perovskite-Based X-ray Detectors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2024. [PMID: 37446540 DOI: 10.3390/nano13132024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
X-ray detection has widespread applications in medical diagnosis, non-destructive industrial radiography and safety inspection, and especially, medical diagnosis realized by medical X-ray detectors is presenting an increasing demand. Perovskite materials are excellent candidates for high-energy radiation detection based on their promising material properties such as excellent carrier transport capability and high effective atomic number. In this review paper, we introduce X-ray detectors using all kinds of halide perovskite materials along with various crystal structures and discuss their device performance in detail. Single-crystal perovskite was first fabricated as an active material for X-ray detectors, having excellent performance under X-ray illumination due to its superior photoelectric properties of X-ray attenuation with μm thickness. The X-ray detector based on inorganic perovskite shows good environmental stability and high X-ray sensitivity. Owing to anisotropic carrier transport capability, two-dimensional layered perovskites with a preferred orientation parallel to the substrate can effectively suppress the dark current of the device despite poor light response to X-rays, resulting in lower sensitivity for the device. Double perovskite applied for X-ray detectors shows better attenuation of X-rays due to the introduction of high-atomic-numbered elements. Additionally, its stable crystal structure can effectively lower the dark current of X-ray detectors. Environmentally friendly lead-free perovskite exhibits potential application in X-ray detectors by virtue of its high attenuation of X-rays. In the last section, we specifically introduce the up-scaling process technology for fabricating large-area and thick perovskite films for X-ray detectors, which is critical for the commercialization and mass production of perovskite-based X-ray detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fu Lin
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Photovoltaic Technology Division, Green Energy & Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Lin Hsueh
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Li
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Core Facility Center (CFC), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Program on Key Materials, Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Li Y, Lei Y, Wang H, Jin Z. Two-Dimensional Metal Halides for X-Ray Detection Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:128. [PMID: 37209282 PMCID: PMC10199999 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising candidates for the next generation of X-ray detectors due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Especially, two-dimensional (2D) perovskites afford many distinct properties, including remarkable structural diversity, high generation energy, and balanced large exciton binding energy. With the advantages of 2D materials and perovskites, it successfully reduces the decomposition and phase transition of perovskite and effectively suppresses ion migration. Meanwhile, the existence of a high hydrophobic spacer can block water molecules, thus making 2D perovskite obtain excellent stability. All of these advantages have attracted much attention in the field of X-ray detection. This review introduces the classification of 2D halide perovskites, summarizes the synthesis technology and performance characteristics of 2D perovskite X-ray direct detector, and briefly discusses the application of 2D perovskite in scintillators. Finally, this review also emphasizes the key challenges faced by 2D perovskite X-ray detectors in practical application and presents our views on its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics and Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Lei
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics and Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxu Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics and Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics and Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Qian W, Qiu W, Yu S, Huang D, Lei R, Huang X, Xiao S, Wang X, Yang S. Solvent engineering of MAPbI 3 perovskite thick film for a direct X-ray detector. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6664-6672. [PMID: 36916503 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites with a high μτ product and a high absorption coefficient has made it possible to adopt an aerosol-liquid-solid technology for direct X-ray detectors. The film quality from the ALS process is often compromised, especially on the film surface, when deposited in ambient conditions with uncontrolled humidity. Herein we develop a solvent engineering strategy in the ALS process to obtain high-quality MAPbI3 thick films. The key is the introduction of a molecular additive to intervene and regulate the perovskite crystallization process so that the negative effect of the ALS ambience is minimized. This strategy allows us to prepare direct X-ray detectors with much reduced dark current, enhanced response speed and improved overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Weitao Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Duan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Renbo Lei
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xianzhen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Shuang Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Xinwei Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
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9
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Pan L, Liu Z, Welton C, Klepov VV, Peters JA, De Siena MC, Benadia A, Pandey I, Miceli A, Chung DY, Reddy GNM, Wessels BW, Kanatzidis MG. Ultrahigh-Flux X-ray Detection by a Solution-Grown Perovskite CsPbBr 3 Single-Crystal Semiconductor Detector. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2211840. [PMID: 36943095 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed perovskites are promising for hard X-ray and gamma-ray detection, but there are limited reports on their performance under extremely intense X-rays. Here, a solution-grown all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 single-crystal semiconductor detector capable of operating at ultrahigh X-ray flux of 1010 photons s-1 mm-2 is reported. High-quality solution-grown CsPbBr3 single crystals are fabricated into detectors with a Schottky diode structure of eutectic gallium indium/CsPbBr3 /Au. A high reverse-bias voltage of 1000 V (435 V mm- 1 ) can be applied with a small and stable dark current of ≈60-70 nA (≈9-10 nA mm- 2 ), which enables a high sensitivity larger than 10 000 µC Gyair -1 cm- 2 and a simultaneous low detection limit of 22 nGyair s- 1 . The CsPbBr3 semiconductor detector shows an excellent photocurrent linearity and reproducibility under 58.61 keV synchrotron X-rays with flux from 106 to 1010 photons s- 1 mm- 2 . Defect characterization by thermally stimulated current spectroscopy shows a similar low defect density of a synchrotron X-ray and a lab X-ray irradiated device. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggests that the excellent performance of the solution-grown CsPbBr3 single crystal may be associated with its good short-range order, comparable to the spectrometer-grade melt-grown CsPbBr3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zhifu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Claire Welton
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Vladislav V Klepov
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - John A Peters
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, & Engineering Studies, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Michael C De Siena
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Alessandro Benadia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Indra Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Antonino Miceli
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Duck Young Chung
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - G N Manjunatha Reddy
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Bruce W Wessels
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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10
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He X, Deng Y, Ouyang D, Zhang N, Wang J, Murthy AA, Spanopoulos I, Islam SM, Tu Q, Xing G, Li Y, Dravid VP, Zhai T. Recent Development of Halide Perovskite Materials and Devices for Ionizing Radiation Detection. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1207-1261. [PMID: 36728153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation such as X-rays and γ-rays has been extensively studied and used in various fields such as medical imaging, radiographic nondestructive testing, nuclear defense, homeland security, and scientific research. Therefore, the detection of such high-energy radiation with high-sensitivity and low-cost-based materials and devices is highly important and desirable. Halide perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for radiation detection due to the large light absorption coefficient, large resistivity, low leakage current, high mobility, and simplicity in synthesis and processing as compared with commercial silicon (Si) and amorphous selenium (a-Se). In this review, we provide an extensive overview of current progress in terms of materials development and corresponding device architectures for radiation detection. We discuss the properties of a plethora of reported compounds involving organic-inorganic hybrid, all-inorganic, all-organic perovskite and antiperovskite structures, as well as the continuous breakthroughs in device architectures, performance, and environmental stability. We focus on the critical advancements of the field in the past few years and we provide valuable insight for the development of next-generation materials and devices for radiation detection and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Decai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Akshay A Murthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida33620, United States
| | - Saiful M Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi39217, United States
| | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77840, United States
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, SAR999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
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11
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Wang B, Yang X, Chen S, Lu S, Zhao S, Qian Q, Cai W, Wang S, Zang Z. Flexible perovskite scintillators and detectors for X-ray detection. iScience 2022; 25:105593. [PMID: 36465131 PMCID: PMC9713329 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray detection and imaging technology has been rapidly developed for various fields since 1895, offering great opportunities to scientific and industrial communities. Particularly, flexible X-ray detectors have drawn numerous attention in medical-related applications, solving the uniform issues of traditional rigid X-ray detectors. Out of all the potential materials, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been emerged as excellent candidates as flexible X-ray scintillators and detectors owing to the advantages including low temperature solution processable, strong X-ray absorption coefficient, large mobility lifetime product and tunable bandgap. In this review, the recent advances of MHP-based flexible X-ray detectors are comprehensively summarized, focusing on the scalable synthesis technologies of materials and diverse device architectures, and covering both direct and indirect X-ray detection. A brief outlook that highlights the current challenges impeding the commercialization of flexible MHP-based X-ray detectors is also included with possible solutions to those problem being provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qingkai Qian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wensi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shenghao Wang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhigang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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12
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Wu Y, Feng J, Yang Z, Liu Y, Liu S(F. Halide Perovskite: A Promising Candidate for Next-Generation X-Ray Detectors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2205536. [PMID: 36453564 PMCID: PMC9811474 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, metal halide perovskite (HP) has become a superstar semiconductor material due to its great application potential in the photovoltaic and photoelectric fields. In fact, HP initially attracted worldwide attention because of its excellent photovoltaic efficiency. However, HP and its derivatives also show great promise in X-ray detection due to their strong X-ray absorption, high bulk resistivity, suitable optical bandgap, and compatibility with integrated circuits. In this review, the basic working principles and modes of both the direct-type and the indirect-type X-ray detectors are first summarized before discussing the applicability of HP for these two types of detection based on the pros and cons of different perovskites. Furthermore, the authors expand their view to different preparation methods developed for HP including single crystals and polycrystalline materials. Upon systematically analyzing their potential for X-ray detection and photoelectronic characteristics on the basis of different structures and dimensions (0D, 2D, and 3D), recent progress of HPs (mainly polycrystalline) applied to flexible X-ray detection are reviewed, and their practicability and feasibility are discussed. Finally, by reviewing the current research on HP-based X-ray detection, the challenges in this field are identified, and the main directions and prospects of future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXi'an Shiyou UniversityXi'an710065China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Jiangshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
- State Key Laboratory of CatalysisDalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023China
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13
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Liu X, Li H, Cui Q, Wang S, Ma C, Li N, Bu N, Yang T, Song X, Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhao K, Liu S(F. Molecular Doping of Flexible Lead‐Free Perovskite‐Polymer Thick Membranes for High‐Performance X‐Ray Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209320. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Haojin Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Qingyue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Chuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Nuo Bu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Tinghuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Xin Song
- Solar and Photovoltaic Engineering Research Center (SPERC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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14
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Liu X, Li H, Cui Q, Wang S, Ma C, Li N, Bu N, Yang T, Song X, Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhao K, Liu S(F. Molecular Doping of Flexible Lead‐Free Perovskite‐Polymer Thick Membranes for High‐Performance X‐Ray Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Liu
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering No. 620, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province CHINA
| | - Haojin Li
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Qingyue Cui
- University of Science and Technology of China School of Chemistry and Materials CHINA
| | - Shumei Wang
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Chuang Ma
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Nan Li
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Nuo Bu
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Tinghuan Yang
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Xin Song
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhou Yang
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Kui Zhao
- Shaanxi Normal University Materials Science and Engineering No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District 710000 Xi'an CHINA
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15
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Peng J, Xu Y, Yao F, Lin Q. Thick-junction perovskite X-ray detectors: processing and optoelectronic considerations. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9636-9647. [PMID: 35790163 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01643e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have attracted increasing attention due to their strong stopping power, defect tolerance, large mobility lifetime product, tunable bandgap and simple single-crystal growth via low-cost solution processes, particularly for ionizing radiation detection. Over the past few years, semiconductor-type X-ray detectors based on a variety of perovskites have been developed, showing impressive progress in achieving high sensitivity and low detection limits. In this study, based on the requirement of material properties for high-performance X-ray detectors, we review various materials used for direct detection and summarize the processing techniques and optoelectronic considerations of thick-junction perovskite X-ray detectors. This review also highlights the key challenges facing perovskite X-ray detectors towards real applications and discusses the opportunities, which are promising to explore and may require more research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Peng
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Yalun Xu
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Yao
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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