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Dong J, Xu Y, Wang S, Miao J, Li N, Huang Z, Yang C. A diphenylphosphine oxide decorated multi-resonance TADF emitter for narrowband green electroluminescence with an EQE of 32.4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6789-6792. [PMID: 38868985 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01672f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A new narrowband thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter, PhCzBN-PO, was developed by incorporating the diphenylphosphine oxide (DPPO) group into a multi-resonance core. The unique properties of DPPO enabled PhCzBN-PO to achieve pure green emission and a nonplanar structure. The resulting electroluminescent devices achieved high external quantum efficiencies up to 32.4% with extremely low efficiency roll-off and pure-green emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.24, 0.67).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yulin Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Shuni Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
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2
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Jin P, Wei X, Yin B, Xu L, Guo Y, Zhang C. Stepwise Charge/Energy Transfer in MR-TADF Molecule-Doped Exciplex for Ultralong Persistent Luminescence Activated with Visible Light. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2400158. [PMID: 38847332 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Organic long-persistent luminescence (OLPL), which relies on energy storage for delayed light emission by the charge separation state, has attracted intense attention in various optical applications. However, charge separation (CS) is efficient only under ultraviolet excitation in most OLPL systems because it requires a driving force from the large energy difference between the local excited (LE) and charge transfer (CT) states. In this study, a multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) molecule is incorporated into an exciplex system to achieve efficient OLPL in a composite material activated by visible light via a stepwise charge/energy transfer process. The enhanced absorption of the composite material facilitated a tenfold increase in the duration of the OLPL, which can last for several hours under visible light excitation. The excited state of the MR-TADF molecule tends to charge transfer to the acceptor, followed by energy transfer to the exciplex, which benefits from the small difference between the LE and CT states owing to the inherent CS characteristics of the opposing resonance effect. Afterglow displays of these composite materials are fabricated to demonstrate their considerable potential in encryption patterns and emergency lights, which take advantage of their excellent processability, visible light activation, and tunable luminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofang Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Baipeng Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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3
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Xie FM, Wang HY, Li HZ, Zhang K, Shen Y, Zou J, Li YQ, Tang JX. Intramolecular exciplex featuring a bis-sp 3 C-locked acceptor-donor-acceptor sandwich. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38842068 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00400k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Intramolecular exciplex systems featuring thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have garnered significant attention in the realm of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Nonetheless, the occurrence of organic sandwich intramolecular exciplexes remains rare due to structural limitations and synthetic challenges. Herein, we present a novel rigid acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) sandwich complex, dSFQP, characterized by two sp3 C-locking moieties. This compound exhibits TADF characteristics facilitated by a multiple through-space charge-transfer process. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirms the distinctive sandwich configuration. The parallel spatial arrangement and minimized A-D-A configuration enhance electronic interactions, resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield, rapid reverse intersystem crossing rate, and sluggish nonradiative decay rate. OLEDs employing dSFQP as the dopant achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28.5% with a low efficiency roll-off of merely 2.8% at 1000 cd m-2. Even at a high brightness of 10 000 cd m-2, the EQE remains notably high at 17.5%. Our current results provide an effective way to further innovate the design of new organic charge-transfer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ming Xie
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P. R. China.
| | - Han-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ze Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zou
- Guangzhou New Vision Opto-Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510730, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P. R. China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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4
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Ni F, Huang Y, Qiu L, Yang C. Synthetic progress of organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters via C-H activation and functionalization. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5904-5955. [PMID: 38717257 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have become increasingly prominent due to their promising applications across various fields, prompting a continuous demand for developing reliable synthetic methods to access them. This review aims to highlight the progress made in the last decade in synthesizing organic TADF compounds through C-H bond activation and functionalization. The review begins with a brief introduction to the basic features and design principles of TADF emitters. It then provides an overview of the advantages and concise development of C-H bond transformations in constructing TADF emitters. Subsequently, it summarizes both transition-metal-catalyzed and non-transition-metal-promoted C-H bond transformations used for the synthesis of TADF emitters. Finally, the review gives an outlook on further challenges and potential directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ni
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Yipan Huang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China.
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5
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Huang X, Liu J, Xu Y, Chen G, Huang M, Yu M, Lv X, Yin X, Zou Y, Miao J, Cao X, Yang C. B‒N covalent bond-involved π-extension of multiple resonance emitters enables high-performance narrowband electroluminescence. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae115. [PMID: 38707202 PMCID: PMC11067958 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-boron-embedded multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters show promise for achieving both high color-purity emission and high exciton utilization efficiency. However, their development is often impeded by a limited synthetic scope and excessive molecular weights, which challenge material acquisition and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) fabrication by vacuum deposition. Herein, we put forward a B‒N covalent bond-involved π-extension strategy via post-functionalization of MR frameworks, leading to the generation of high-order B/N-based motifs. The structurally and electronically extended π-system not only enhances molecular rigidity to narrow emission linewidth but also promotes reverse intersystem crossing to mitigate efficiency roll-off. As illustrated examples, ultra-narrowband sky-blue emitters (full-width at half-maximum as small as 8 nm in n-hexane) have been developed with multi-dimensional improvement in photophysical properties compared to their precursor emitters, which enables narrowband OLEDs with external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of up to 42.6%, in company with alleviated efficiency decline at high brightness, representing the best efficiency reported for single-host OLEDs. The success of these emitters highlights the effectiveness of our molecular design strategy for advanced MR-TADF emitters and confirms their extensive potential in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guohao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mingxin Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xialei Lv
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaojun Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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6
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Wu SJ, Fu XF, Zhang DH, Sun YF, Lu X, Lin FL, Meng L, Chen XL, Lu CZ. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with Nanosecond Emission Lifetimes and Minor Concentration Quenching: Achieving High-Performance Nondoped and Doped Blue OLEDs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401724. [PMID: 38575151 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneously achieving a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), ultrashort exciton lifetime, and suppressed concentration quenching in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is desirable yet challenging. Here, a novel acceptor-donor-acceptor type TADF emitter, namely, 2BO-sQA, wherein two oxygen-bridged triarylboron (BO) acceptors are arranged with cofacial alignment and positioned nearly orthogonal to the rigid dispirofluorene-quinolinoacridine (sQA) donor is reported. This molecular design enables the compound to achieve highly efficient (PLQYs up to 99%) and short-lived (nanosecond-scale) blue TADF with effectively suppressed concentration quenching in films. Consequently, the doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) base on 2BO-sQA achieve exceptional electroluminescence performance across a broad range of doping concentrations, maintaining maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) at over 30% for doping concentrations ranging from 10 to 70 wt%. Remarkably, the nondoped blue OLED achieves a record-high maximum EQE of 26.6% with a small efficiency roll-off of 14.0% at 1000 candelas per square meter. By using 2BO-sQA as the sensitizer for the multiresonance TADF emitter ν-DABNA, TADF-sensitized fluorescence OLEDs achieve high-efficiency deep-blue emission. These results demonstrate the feasibility of this molecular design in developing TADF emitters with high efficiency, ultrashort exciton lifetime, and minimal concentration quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Xi-Feng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Dong-Hai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yu-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Fu-Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lingyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
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7
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Feng Y, Xu Y, Qu C, Wang Q, Ye K, Liu Y, Wang Y. Structurally Tunable Donor-Bridge-Fluorophore Architecture Enables Highly Efficient and Concentration-Independent Narrowband Electroluminescence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403061. [PMID: 38782371 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Luminescent materials with narrowband emission have extraordinary significance for developing ultrahigh-definition display. B-N-containing multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials are strong contenders. However, their device performances pervasively encounter detrimental aggregation-caused quenching effect that is highly vulnerable to doping concentration, complicating device fabrication. Therefore, constructing highly efficient and concentration-independent MR-TADF emitters is of pragmatic importance for improving device controllability and reproducibility, simplifying manufacturing procedures, and conserving production costs. Here, by systematic arrangement of donor triphenylamine and fluorophore BNCz on distinct bridges, a spatial confinement strategy has been developed with a donor-bridge-fluorophore architecture. Structurally fine modulation and progressive evolution to construct molecular entities with congested steric hindrance effect that can suppress intermolecular interactions without substantially affecting the luminescence tone of fluorophore BNCz, resulting in highly efficient and concentration-independent narrowband emitters; through isomer engineering, two isomers BN-PCz-TPA and TPA-PCz-BN with different crystal stacking patterns are synthesized by altering the connection mode between triphenylamine and BNCz. As a result, BN-PCz-TPA-based device showcases maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 36.3% with narrow full-width at half-maximum of 27 nm at 10 wt% doping concentration. Even at 20 wt% doping concentration, the maximum EQE remains at 32.5% and the emission spectrum is almost unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yincai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qingyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Jihua Laboratory, 28 Huandao South Road, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528200, P. R. China
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8
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Moeed S, Bousbih R, Ayub AR, Jafar NNA, Aljohani M, Jabir MS, Amin MA, Zubair H, Majdi H, Waqas M, Hadia NMA, Khera RA. A theoretical investigation for improving the performance of non-fullerene organic solar cells through side-chain engineering of BTR non-fused-ring electron acceptors. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 131:108792. [PMID: 38797085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In the current quantum chemical study, indacenodithiophene donor core-based the end-capped alterations of the reference chromophore BTR drafted eight A2-A1-D-A1-A2 type small non-fullerene acceptors. All the computational simulations were executed under MPW1PW91/6-31G (d, p) level of DFT. The UV-Vis absorption, open circuit voltage, electron affinity, ionization potential, the density of states, reorganization energy, orbital analysis, and non-covalent interactions were studied and compared with BTR. Several molecules of our modeled series BT1-BT8 have shown distinctive features that are better than those of the BTR. The open circuit voltage (VOC) of BT5 has a favorable impact, allowing it to replace BTR in the field of organic solar cells. The charge carrier motilities for proposed molecules generated extraordinary findings when matched to the reference one (BTR). Further charge transmission was confirmed by creating the complex with a PM6 donor molecule. The remarkable dipole moment contributes to the formation of non-covalent bond interactions with chloroform, resulting in superior charge mobility. Based on these findings, it can be said that every tailored molecule has the potential to surpass chromophore molecule (BTR) in OSCs. So, all tailored molecules may enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic cells due to the involvement of potent terminal electron-capturing acceptor2 moieties. Considering these obtained results, these newly presented molecules can be regarded for developing efficient solar devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Moeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - R Bousbih
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Raza Ayub
- Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Nadhir N A Jafar
- Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, 56001, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Aljohani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Iraq
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hira Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Majdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - N M A Hadia
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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9
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Yu JR, Tan HJ, Gao XQ, Wang B, Long ZQ, Liu JL, Lin ZZ, Li XY, Zhu ZL, Jian JX, Tong QX, Lee CS. Stepwise Toward Pure Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by Synergetically Locking and Shielding Carbonyl/Nitrogen-Based MR-TADF Emitters. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401664. [PMID: 38704673 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Deep-blue multi-resonance (MR) emitters with stable and narrow full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) are of great importance for widening the color gamut of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, most planar MR emitters are vulnerable to intermolecular interactions from both the host and guest, causing spectral broadening and exciton quenching in thin films. Their emission in the solid state is environmentally sensitive, and the color purity is often inferior to that in solutions. Herein, a molecular design strategy is presented that simultaneously narrows the FWHM and suppresses intermolecular interactions by combining intramolecular locking and peripheral shielding within a carbonyl/nitrogen-based MR core. Intramolecularly locking carbonyl/nitrogen-based bears narrower emission of 2,10-dimethyl-12,12-diphenyl-4H-benzo[9,1]quinolizino[3,4,5,6,7-defg]acridine-4,8(12H)-dione in solution and further with peripheral-shielding groups, deep-blue emitter (12,12-diphenyl-2,10-bis(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)-4H-benzo[9,1]quinolizino[3,4,5,6,7-defg]acridine-4,8(12H)-dione, DPQAO-F) exhibits ultra-pure emission with narrow FWHM (c.a., 24 nm) with minimal variations (∆FWHM ≤ 3 nm) from solution to thin films over a wide doping range. An OLED based on DPQAO-F presents a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 19.9% and color index of (0.134, 0.118). Furthermore, the hyper-device of DPQAO-F exhibits a record-high EQEmax of 32.7% in the deep-blue region, representing the first example of carbonyl/nitrogen-based OLED that can concurrently achieve narrow bandwidth in the deep-blue region and a high electroluminescent efficiency surpassing 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Rong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ji Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Qi Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Long
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Lin Zhu
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Xin Jian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Xiao Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 000000, P. R. China
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10
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Mamada M, Aoyama A, Uchida R, Ochi J, Oda S, Kondo Y, Kondo M, Hatakeyama T. Efficient Deep-Blue Multiple-Resonance Emitters Based on Azepine-Decorated ν-DABNA for CIE y below 0.06. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402905. [PMID: 38695744 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Ultrapure deep-blue emitters are in high demand for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Although color coordinates serve as straightforward parameters for assessing color purity, precise control over the maximum wavelength and full-width at half-maximum is necessary to optimize OLED performance, including luminance efficiency and luminous efficacy. Multiple-resonance (MR) emitters are promising candidates for achieving ideal luminescence properties; consequently, a wide variety of MR frameworks have been developed. However, most of these emitters experience a wavelength displacement from the ideal color, which limits their practical applicability. Therefore, a molecular design that is compatible with MR emitters for modulating their energy levels and color output is particularly valuable. Here, it is demonstrated that the azepine donor unit induces an appropriate blue-shift in the emission maximum while maintaining efficient MR characteristics, including high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission, and a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate. OLEDs using newly developed MR emitters based on the ν-DABNA framework simultaneously exhibit a high quantum efficiency of ≈30%, luminous efficacy of ≈20 lm W-1, exceptional color purity with Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinates as low as (0.14, 0.06), and notably high operational stability. These results demonstrate unprecedentedly high levels compared with those observed in previously reported deep-blue emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akio Aoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Ryota Uchida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Junki Ochi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Susumu Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kondo
- SK JNC Japan Co., Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- JNC Co., Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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11
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Pandey V, Pandey T. Understanding the bio-crystallization: An insight to therapeutic relevance. Biophys Chem 2024; 308:107216. [PMID: 38479205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of biomedical engineering and materials science, the synthesis of biomaterials plays a pivotal role in advancing therapeutic strategies for regeneration of tissues. The deliberate control of crystallization processes in biomaterial synthesis has emerged as a key avenue for tailoring the properties of these materials, enabling the design of innovative solutions for a wide array of medical applications. This review delves into the interplay between controlled crystallization and biomaterial synthesis, exploring its multifaceted applications in the therapeutic domains. The investigation encompasses a wide spectrum of matrices, ranging from small molecules to large biomolecules, highlighting their unique contributions in modulating crystallization processes. Furthermore, the review critically assesses the analytical techniques and methodologies employed to probe and characterize the depths of crystallization dynamics. Advanced imaging, spectroscopic, and computational tools are discussed in the context of unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing nucleation and crystallization processes within the organic matrix. Finally we delve in the applications of such advance material in therapeutics of hard and soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, School for Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Tejasvi Pandey
- Department of Forensic Sciences, School for Bioengineering and Biosciences Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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12
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Izu AE, Matxain JM, Casanova D. Reverse intersystem crossing mechanisms in doped triangulenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11459-11468. [PMID: 38563957 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has emerged as one of the most promising strategies in the quest for organic light emitting diodes with optimal performance. This computational study dissects the mechanistic intricacies of the central photophysical step, reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) in N and B doped triangulenes as potential multi-resonance TADF compounds. Optimal molecular patterns conducive to efficient rISC, encompassing dopant atom size, number, and distribution, are identified. Additionally, we assess various electronic structure methods for characterizing TADF-relevant molecular systems. The findings identify the distinct role of the direct and mediated mechanisms in rISC, and provide insights into the design of advanced TADF chromophores for next-generation OLED technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier E Izu
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jon M Matxain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
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13
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Jin JM, Liu D, Chen WC, Shi C, Chen G, Wang X, Xing L, Ying W, Ji S, Huo Y, Su SJ. Synergetic Modulation of Steric Hindrance and Excited State for Anti-Quenching and Fast Spin-Flip Multi-Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorophore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401120. [PMID: 38326521 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials hold great promise for advanced high-resolution organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. However, persistent challenges, such as severe aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and slow spin-flip, hinder their optimal performance. We propose a synergetic steric-hindrance and excited-state modulation strategy for MR-TADF emitters, which is demonstrated by two blue MR-TADF emitters, IDAD-BNCz and TIDAD-BNCz, bearing sterically demanding 8,8-diphenyl-8H-indolo[3,2,1-de]acridine (IDAD) and 3,6-di-tert-butyl-8,8-diphenyl-8H-indolo[3,2,1-de]acridine (TIDAD), respectively. These rigid and bulky IDAD/TIDAD moieties, with appropriate electron-donating capabilities, not only effectively mitigate ACQ, ensuring efficient luminescence across a broad range of dopant concentrations, but also induce high-lying charge-transfer excited states that facilitate triplet-to-singlet spin-flip without causing undesired emission redshift or spectral broadening. Consequently, implementation of a high doping level of IDAD-BNCz resulted in highly efficient narrowband electroluminescence, featuring a remarkable full-width at half-maximum of 34 nm and record-setting external quantum efficiencies of 34.3 % and 31.8 % at maximum and 100 cd m-2, respectively. The combined steric and electronic effects arising from the steric-hindered donor introduction offer a compelling molecular design strategy to overcome critical challenges in MR-TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Denghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, 515200, Jieyang, P. R. China
| | - Chengxiang Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Longjiang Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Ying
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, 515200, Jieyang, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, 515200, Jieyang, P. R. China
- Analytical & Testing Center, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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14
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Mahaan R, Narendran MG, John Alphin J, John Bosco A. Combined DFT and QM/MM Modeling on Multifunctional TADF Sensitizers and Hot-Exciton Emitters via Carborane Triads for Blue Hyperfluorescent OLEDs. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2611-2628. [PMID: 38506799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The scarcity of novel luminogens significantly impedes the advancement of TADF sensitizers and hot exciton emitters, attracting considerable attention for their potential to enhance energy conversion efficiencies in hyperfluorescent OLEDs. In this study, a systematic investigation is employed to design and develop multifunctional materials based on carborane cores through DFT and TD-DFT methods. In pursuit of this objective, 45 carborane triad-type molecules were systematically designed using four donors and two acceptor units. Electronic structure calculations revealed that (i) the singlet, triplet, ΔEST, and SOC values exhibit an increased trend as the carborane core shifts from ortho to meta to para, while an increase in donor strength on the core leads to a decrease in these values. (ii) Moreover, there is a decrease in reorganization energies, absorption wavelengths, ISC, and RISC rates as the carborane switches from ortho to meta to para while witnessing an increase in donor strength. The QM/MM study reveals that para carborane's restricted intramolecular motions improve its solid-state aggregation over ortho carborane and solution phases. Interestingly, carborane triads featuring P-DMB and P-BODIPY acceptor units satisfy the desired criteria for multifunctional TADF sensitizers and hot exciton emitters, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Mahaan
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Moorthy Gnanasekar Narendran
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joseph John Alphin
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruljothy John Bosco
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Park JY, Kwon NY, Koh CW, Park SH, Kang MJ, Kwak H, Park CY, Chae WS, Hong CS, Park S, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Precision-Engineered Medium-Sized Molecular Host and Emitter for Ensuring Consistent Performance in Solution-Processed Narrowband OLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16553-16562. [PMID: 38570940 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, two novel multiple resonance (MR) emitters, DtCzBN and Cy-DtCzBN, were designed based on the well-known BCzBN structure and synthesized for narrowband solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Cy-DtCzBN possesses a dimeric V-shaped structure formed by coupling two individual DtCzBN units via a nonconjugated cyclohexane linker. When compared with DtCzBN, Cy-DtCzBN, as a medium-sized molecule, was found to maintain the optical and photophysical properties of the corresponding monomeric unit, DtCzBN, but exhibits high thermal stability, excellent solubility, and good film-forming ability. Additionally, solution-processed OLEDs were fabricated by using two sets of molecules: one set of small molecular hosts and emitters (i.e., mCP and DtCzBN) and the other set of medium-sized molecular hosts and emitters (i.e., Cy-mCP and Cy-DtCzBN). Notably, devices using medium-sized molecular hosts and emitters exhibited similar optical and photophysical properties but showed significantly improved reproducibility and thermal stability compared with those based on small molecular hosts and emitters. Our current study provides some insights into molecular design strategies for thermally stable hosts and emitters, which are highly suitable for solution-processed OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Yeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Sik Chae
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seop Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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16
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Ochi J, Yamasaki Y, Tanaka K, Kondo Y, Isayama K, Oda S, Kondo M, Hatakeyama T. Highly efficient multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence material toward a BT.2020 deep-blue emitter. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2361. [PMID: 38565868 PMCID: PMC10987657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
An ultrapure deep-blue multi-resonance-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence material (DOB2-DABNA-A) is designed and synthesized. Benefiting from a fully resonating extended helical π-conjugated system, this compound has a small ΔEST value of 3.6 meV and sufficient spin-orbit coupling to exhibit a high-rate constant for reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC = 1.1 × 106 s-1). Furthermore, an organic light-emitting diode employing DOB2-DABNA-A as an emitter is fabricated; it exhibits ultrapure deep-blue emission at 452 nm with a small full width at half maximum of 24 nm, corresponding to Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.145, 0.049). The high kRISC value reduces the efficiency roll-off, resulting in a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.6% at 1000 cd m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Ochi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kojiro Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kondo
- SK JNC Japan Co., Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Kohei Isayama
- SK JNC Japan Co., Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Susumu Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- JNC Co., Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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17
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Cho HH, Congrave DG, Gillett AJ, Montanaro S, Francis HE, Riesgo-Gonzalez V, Ye J, Chowdury R, Zeng W, Etherington MK, Royakkers J, Millington O, Bond AD, Plasser F, Frost JM, Grey CP, Rao A, Friend RH, Greenham NC, Bronstein H. Suppression of Dexter transfer by covalent encapsulation for efficient matrix-free narrowband deep blue hyperfluorescent OLEDs. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:519-526. [PMID: 38480865 PMCID: PMC10990937 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Hyperfluorescence shows great promise for the next generation of commercially feasible blue organic light-emitting diodes, for which eliminating the Dexter transfer to terminal emitter triplet states is key to efficiency and stability. Current devices rely on high-gap matrices to prevent Dexter transfer, which unfortunately leads to overly complex devices from a fabrication standpoint. Here we introduce a molecular design where ultranarrowband blue emitters are covalently encapsulated by insulating alkylene straps. Organic light-emitting diodes with simple emissive layers consisting of pristine thermally activated delayed fluorescence hosts doped with encapsulated terminal emitters exhibit negligible external quantum efficiency drops compared with non-doped devices, enabling a maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.5%. To explain the high efficiency in the absence of high-gap matrices, we turn to transient absorption spectroscopy. It is directly observed that Dexter transfer from a pristine thermally activated delayed fluorescence sensitizer host can be substantially reduced by an encapsulated terminal emitter, opening the door to highly efficient 'matrix-free' blue hyperfluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Cho
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel G Congrave
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Stephanie Montanaro
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Haydn E Francis
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Víctor Riesgo-Gonzalez
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Weixuan Zeng
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc K Etherington
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jeroen Royakkers
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Millington
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew D Bond
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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18
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Lee KW, Wan Y, Huang Z, Zhao Q, Li S, Lee CS. Organic Optoelectronic Materials: A Rising Star of Bioimaging and Phototherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306492. [PMID: 37595570 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, many organic optoelectronic materials (OOMs), especially those used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells (OSCs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), are explored for biomedical applications including imaging and photoexcited therapies. In this review, recently developed OOMs for fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy, are summarized. Relationships between their molecular structures, nanoaggregation structures, photophysical mechanisms, and properties for various biomedical applications are discussed. Mainly four kinds of OOMs are covered: thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials in OLEDs, conjugated small molecules and polymers in OSCs, and charge-transfer complexes in OFETs. Based on the OOMs unique optical properties, including excitation light wavelength and exciton dynamics, they are respectively exploited for suitable biomedical applications. This review is intended to serve as a bridge between researchers in the area of organic optoelectronic devices and those in the area of biomedical applications. Moreover, it provides guidance for selecting or modifying OOMs for high-performance biomedical uses. Current challenges and future perspectives of OOMs are also discussed with the hope of inspiring further development of OOMs for efficient biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Wai Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yingpeng Wan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhongming Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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19
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Li MY, Wu H, Fan XC, Huang F, Yu J, Wang K, Zhang XH. Expanding Multiple-Resonance Structure of a Double-Borylated Skeleton by Fusing with Indolocarbazole a Multiple-Resonance Donor for Narrowband Green Emission. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2312098. [PMID: 38461523 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Double-borylated multiple-resonance (MR) skeletons are promising templates for high performance, while the chemical design space is relatively limited. Peripheral segments are often used to decorate/fuse MR skeletons and modulate the photophysics but they can also cause unwanted spectral broadening. Herein, a narrowband MR emitter ICzDBA by fusing an MR-featured donor segment indolocarbazole into a double-borylated MR skeleton is developed. In ICzDBA, the nitrogen atom located away from the core benzene ring can also contribute to the generation of the overall MR-featured distribution through the long-range conjugation effect, along with the other boron/nitrogen atoms on the phenyl center. Thus, ICzDBA in toluene displays a narrowband emission peaking at 507 nm with a full width at half maximum of merely 20 nm (0.09 eV). Moreover, organic light-emitting diode devices using ICzDBA emitter exhibit ultrapure green emission with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.27, 0.70) and a high external quantum efficiency of 32.5%. These results manifest the importance of MR characters of peripheral decorations/fusions in preserving the narrowband features of MR skeletons, which provides a solution for further expanding MR structures with well-maintained narrowband characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Yuan Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Feng Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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20
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Song J, Lv X, Gu J, Yam C, Meng L. Designing thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with through-space charge transfer: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6420-6428. [PMID: 38317611 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05495k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Recently, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules with through-space charge transfer (TSCT) features have been widely applied in developing organic light-emitting diodes with high luminescence efficiencies. The performance of TSCT-TADF molecules depends highly on their molecular structures. Therefore, theoretical investigation plays a significant role in designing novel highly efficient TSCT-TADF molecules. Herein, we theoretically investigate two recently reported TSCT-TADF molecules, 1'-(2,12-di-t-butyl[1,4]benzoxaborinino[2,3,4-kl]phenoxaborinin-7-yl)-10-phenyl-10H-spiro[acridine-9,9'-fluorene] (AC-BO) and 1-(2,12-di-t-butyl[1,4]benzoxaborinino[2,3,4-kl]phenoxaborinin-7-yl)-9',9'-dimethyl-9'H-spiro [fluorene-9,5'-quinolino[3,2,1-de]acridine](QAC-BO). The calculated photophysical properties (e.g. excited state energy levels and luminescence properties) for these two compounds are in good agreement with experimental data. Based on the systematic analysis of structure-performance relationships, we design three novel TSCT-TADF molecules with high molecular rigidity and evident TSCT features, i.e., DQAC-DBO, DQAC-SBO, and DQAC-NBO. They exhibit deep-blue light emissions and fast reverse intersystem crossing rates (KRISCs). Our calculations demonstrate that the nearly coplanar orientation of the donor and acceptor is critical to achieve remarkable KRISCs and fluorescence efficiencies in TSCT-TADF molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Junjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Lingyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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21
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Wang Z, Qu C, Liang J, Zhuang X, Liu Y, Wang Y. High-Efficiency and Narrowband Green Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Two Diverse Boron Multi-Resonant Skeletons. Molecules 2024; 29:841. [PMID: 38398593 PMCID: PMC10892125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Up to now, highly efficient narrowband thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules constructed by oxygen-bridged boron with an enhancing multiple resonance (MR) effect have been in urgent demand for solid-state lighting and full-color displays. In this work, a novel MR-TADF molecule, BNBO, constructed by the oxygen-bridged boron unit and boron-nitrogen core skeleton as an electron-donating moiety, is successfully designed and synthesized via a facile one-step synthesis. Based on BNBO as an efficient green emitter, the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) shows a sharp emission peak of 508 nm with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 36 nm and realizes quite high peak efficiency values, including an external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 24.3% and a power efficiency (PEmax) of 62.3 lm/W. BNBO possesses the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) property of donor-acceptor (D-A) materials and multiple resonance characteristics, which provide a simple strategy for narrowband oxygen-boron materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.W.); (C.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.W.); (C.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jie Liang
- Jihua Laboratory, 28 Huandao South Road, Foshan 528200, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuming Zhuang
- Jihua Laboratory, 28 Huandao South Road, Foshan 528200, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.W.); (C.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.W.); (C.Q.); (Y.W.)
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22
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Hua T, Li N, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Wang L, Chen Z, Miao J, Cao X, Wang X, Yang C. Narrowband Near-Infrared Multiple-Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters towards High-Performance and Stable Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318433. [PMID: 38148704 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials are highly coveted for their high efficiency and narrowband emission in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Nevertheless, the development of near-infrared (NIR) MR-TADF emitters remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we design two new NIR MR-TADF emitters, PXZ-R-BN and BCz-R-BN, by embedding 10H-phenoxazine (PXZ) and 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (BCz) fragments to increase the electron-donating ability or extending π-conjugation on the framework of para-boron fusing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Both compounds emit in the NIR region, with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 49 nm (0.13 eV) for PXZ-R-BN and 43 nm (0.11 eV) for BCz-R-BN in toluene. To sensitize the two NIR MR-TADF emitters in OLEDs, a new platinum complex, Pt-1, is designed as a sensitizer. The PXZ-R-BN-based sensitized OLEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of nearly 30 % with an emission band at 693 nm, and exceptional long operational stability with an LT97 (time to 97 % of the initial luminance) value of 39084 h at an initial radiance of 1000 mW sr-1 m-2 . The BCz-R-BN-based OLEDs reach EQEmax values of 24.2 % with an emission band at 713 nm, which sets a record value for NIR OLEDs with emission bands beyond 700 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hua
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Information Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Lian Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhanxiang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhong Wang
- Information Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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23
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Mamada M, Hayakawa M, Ochi J, Hatakeyama T. Organoboron-based multiple-resonance emitters: synthesis, structure-property correlations, and prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1624-1692. [PMID: 38168795 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Boron-based multiple-resonance (MR) emitters exhibit the advantages of narrowband emission, high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), and sufficient stability during the operation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Thus, such MR emitters have been widely applied as blue emitters in triplet-triplet-annihilation-driven fluorescent devices used in smartphones and televisions. Moreover, they hold great promise as TADF or terminal emitters in TADF-assisted fluorescence or phosphor-sensitised fluorescent OLEDs. Herein we comprehensively review organoboron-based MR emitters based on their synthetic strategies, clarify structure-photophysical property correlations, and provide design guidelines and future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Junki Ochi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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24
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Chen J, Liu Z, Chen L, Zou P, Tang BZ, Zhao Z. Exploring Robust Delayed Fluorescence Materials via Structural Rigidification for Realizing Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with High Efficiencies and Small Roll-Offs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306800. [PMID: 37823676 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have been widely studied for the fabrication of high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but the serious efficiency roll-offs still remain unsolved in most cases. Herein, it is wish to report a series of robust green TADF compounds containing rigid xanthenone acceptor and acridine-based spiro donors. The enhancement in molecular rigidity not only endows the compounds with improved thermal stability but also results in reduced geometric vibrations and thus lowered reorganization energies. These compounds exhibit distinct merits of high thermal stabilities, excellent photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (96%-97%), large horizontal dipole orientation ratios (87.4%-92.1%) and fast TADF rates (1.4-1.5 × 106 s-1 ). The OLEDs using them as emitters furnish superb electroluminescence performances with outstanding external quantum efficiencies (ηext s) of up to 37.4% and very small efficiency roll-offs. Moreover, highly efficient hyperfluorescence OLEDs are obtained by using them as sensitizers for the green mutilresonance TADF emitter BN2, delivering excellent ηext s of up to 34.2% and improved color purity. These results disclose the high potential of these TADF compounds as emitters and sensitizers for OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhangshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Peng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, Guangdong
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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25
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Wang Q, Huang T, Qu Y, Song X, Xu Y, Wang Y. Frontier Molecular Orbital Engineering of Aromatic Donor Fusion: Modularly Constructing Highly Efficient Narrowband Yellow Electroluminescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4948-4957. [PMID: 38235687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-performance multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials with narrowband yellow emission is highly critical for various applications in industries, such as the automotive, aerospace, and microelectronic industries. However, the modular construction approaches to expeditiously access narrowband yellow-emitting materials is relatively rare. Here, a unique molecular design concept based on frontier molecular orbital engineering (FMOE) of aromatic donor fusion is proposed to strategically address this issue. Donor fusion is a modular approach with a "leveraging effect"; through direct polycyclization of donor attached to the MR parent core, it is facile to achieve red-shifted emission by a large margin. As a result, two representative model molecules, namely BN-Cz and BN-Cb, have been constructed successfully. The BN-Cz- and BN-Cb-based sensitized organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) exhibit bright yellow emission with peaks of 560 and 556 nm, full-width at half-maxima (fwhm's) of 49 and 45 nm, Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.44, 0.55) and (0.43, 0.56), and maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 32.9% and 29.7%, respectively. The excellent optoelectronic performances render BN-Cz and BN-Cb one of the most outstanding yellow-emitting MR-TADF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yupei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxian Song
- Jihua Laboratory, 28 Huandao South Road, Foshan 528200, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
- Jihua Hengye Electronic Materials CO. LTD., Foshan 528200, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yincai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Jihua Hengye Electronic Materials CO. LTD., Foshan 528200, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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26
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Liang L, Qu C, Fan X, Ye K, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Duan L, Wang Y. Carbonyl- and Nitrogen-Embedded Multi-Resonance Emitter with Ultra-Pure Green Emission and High Electroluminescence Efficiencies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316710. [PMID: 38061992 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters with narrow emission spectra have garnered significant attention in future organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. However, current C=O/N-embedded MR-TADF systems still lack satisfactory performance in terms of electroluminescence bandwidths and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs). In this study, a C=O/N-embedded green MR-TADF emitter, featuring two acridone units incorporated in a sterically protected 11-ring fused core skeleton, is successfully synthesized through finely controlling the reaction selectivity. The superior combination of multiple intramolecular fusion and steric wrapping strategies in the design of the emitter not only imparts an extremely narrow emission spectrum and a high fluorescence quantum yield to the emitter but also mitigates aggregation-induced spectral broadening and fluorescence quenching. Therefore, the emitter exhibits leading green OLED performance among C=O/N-based MR-TADF systems, achieving an EQE of up to 37.2 %, a full width at half maximum of merely 0.11 eV (24 nm), and a Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinate of (0.20, 0.73). This study marks a significant advance in the realization of ideal C=O/N-based MR-TADF emitters and holds profound implications for the design and synthesis of other MR-TADF systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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27
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Ye K, Li G, Li F, Shi C, Jiang Z, Zhang F, Li Q, Su J, Song D, Yuan A. B-embedded disulfide-bridged π-conjugated compounds: structures and optical tuning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2395-2401. [PMID: 38168797 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Two novel B-embedded disulfide-bridged π-conjugated compounds (BS-CZ and BS-N) bearing different electron donor groups (phenyl carbazole and triphenylamine) have been prepared and show different optical mechanisms. The compound BS-CZ exhibits significant multiple resonance thermal activation delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) properties with a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST = 0.16 eV) and a narrow half-peak full width (FWHM = 33 nm), while the compound BS-N shows traditional fluorescence luminescence (FL) characteristics with a larger ΔEST (0.28 eV) and FWHM (57 nm). Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations show that the lowest excited singlet state (S1) of the compound BS-CZ exhibits local excited (LE) state characteristics, while the charge transfer (CT) state characteristics can be found in S1 of the compound BS-N. Considering good optical performance, the compound BS-CZ is used as an emitting layer of the organic light-emitting diode device and achieved saturated blue emission (473 nm) with a narrow FWHM (39 nm), and CIE color coordinates of (0.12, 0.21). This work provides an important strategy for the optical mechanism regulation and photoelectric applications of B-embedded disulfide-bridged π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishun Ye
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Gang Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
- CSMC Technologies Fab2 Co., Ltd, Wuxi, 214028, China
| | - Feiyang Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Fuzheng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Qiuxia Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Jie Su
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Dandan Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
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28
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Li G, Xu K, Zheng J, Fang X, Lou W, Zhan F, Deng C, Yang YF, Zhang Q, She Y. High-Performance Ultraviolet Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by Double Boron-Oxygen-Embedded Benzo[ m]tetraphene Emitters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1667-1680. [PMID: 38175122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes (UV OLEDs) have attracted increasing attention because of their promising applications in healthcare, industry, and agriculture; however, their development has been hindered by the shortage of robust UV emitters. Herein, we embedded double boron-oxygen units into nonlinear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BO-PAHs) to regulate their molecular configurations and excited-state properties, enabling novel bent BO-biphenyl (BO-bPh) and helical BO-naphthyl (BO-Nap) emitters with hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) characteristics. They could be facilely synthesized in gram-scale amounts via a highly efficient two-step route. BO-bPh and BO-Nap showed strong UV and violet-blue photoluminescence in toluene with full width at half-maximum values of 25 and 37 nm, along with quantum efficiencies of 98 and 99%, respectively. A BO-bPh-based OLED showed high color purity UV electroluminescence peaking at 394 nm with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.166, 0.021). Moreover, the device demonstrated a record-high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.3%, achieved by successful hot exciton utilization. This work demonstrates the promising potential of double BO-PAHs as robust emitters for future UV OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Lou
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhan
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chao Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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Guo Y, Zhao Z, Hua L, Liu Y, Xu B, Zhang Y, Yan S, Ren Z. Adjusting the Electron-Withdrawing Ability of Acceptors in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Conjugated Polymers for High-Performance OLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1225-1233. [PMID: 38112452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Constructing high-performance solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) conjugated polymers remains a challenging issue. The electron-withdrawing ability of acceptors in TADF units significantly affects the TADF properties of the conjugated polymers. Herein, we have designed three TADF conjugated polymers, in which phenoxazine donors and anthracen-9(10H)-one acceptors are incorporated into the polymeric backbones and side chains, respectively, and the carbazole derivative is copolymerized as the host. By incorporating different heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, with slightly different electronegativities into anthracen-9(10H)-one, the effect of the electron-withdrawing ability of the acceptor on the performance of conjugated TADF polymer-based OLEDs is thus systematically studied. It is found that the introduction of a nitrogen atom can enhance the spin-orbital coupling and RISC process due to the modulated energy levels and nature of the excited states. As a result, the solution-processed OLEDs based on the prepared polymer p-PXZ-XN display an excellent comprehensive performance with an EQEmax of 17.6%, a low turn-on voltage of 2.8 V, and a maximum brightness of 14750 cd m-2. Notably, the efficiency roll-off is quite low, maintaining 15.1% at 1000 cd m-2, 12.1% at 3000 cd m-2, and 6.1% at 10000 cd m-2, which ranks in the first tier among the reported TADF conjugated polymers. This work provides a guideline for constructing high-efficiency TADF polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhennan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuzhuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Avula S, Jhun BH, Jo U, Heo S, Lee JY, You Y. Achieving Long-Wavelength Electroluminescence Using Two-Coordinate Gold(I) Complexes: Overcoming the Energy Gap Law. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305745. [PMID: 37953418 PMCID: PMC10767458 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-coordinate coinage metal complexes have emerged as promising emitters for highly efficient organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). However, achieving efficient long-wavelength electroluminescence emission from these complexes remains as a daunting challenge. To address this challenge, molecular design strategies aimed at bolstering the photoluminescence quantum yield (Φ) of Au(I) complex emitters in low-energy emission regions are investigated. By varying amido ligands, a series of two-coordinate Au(I) complexes is developed that exhibit photoluminescence peak wavelengths over a broad range of 533-750 nm. These complexes, in particular, maintain Φ values up to 10% even in the near-infrared emission region, overcoming the constraints imposed by an energy gap. Quantum chemical calculations and photophysical analyses reveal the action of radiative control, which serves to overcome the energy gap law, becomes more pronounced as the overlap between hole and electron distributions (Sr (r)) in the excited state increases. It is further elucidated that Sr (r) increases with the distance between the hole-distribution centroid and the nitrogen atom in an amido ligand. Finally, multilayer OLEDs involving the Au(I) complex emitters exhibit performances beyond the borderline of the electroluminescence wavelength-external quantum efficiency space set by previous devices of coinage metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivas Avula
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hak Jhun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Unhyeok Jo
- School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Seunga Heo
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
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31
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Ye Z, Wu H, Xu Y, Hua T, Chen G, Chen Z, Yin X, Huang M, Xu K, Song X, Huang Z, Lv X, Miao J, Cao X, Yang C. Deep-Blue Narrowband Hetero[6]helicenes Showing Circularly Polarized Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Toward High-Performance OLEDs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308314. [PMID: 37963185 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Helicenes exhibit substantial potential as circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) active molecules. However, their application in circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) is typically hindered by the challenge of integrating both high color purity and efficient triplet-harvesting capability, particularly in the blue spectral region. Herein, a series of hetero[6]helicene-based emitters that is strategically engineered through the helical extension of a deep-blue double-boron-based multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) motif, is introduced. Importantly, the helical extension does not cause apparent structural deformation or perturb frontier molecular orbitals; thus, preserving the deep-blue emission and MR-TADF characteristics of the parent molecule. This approach also leads to reduced reorganization energy, resulting in emitters with narrower linewidth and higher photoluminescence quantum yield. Further, the helical motif enhances the racemization barrier and leads to improved CPL performance with luminescence dissymmetry factor values up to 1.5 × 10-3 . Exploiting these merits, devices incorporating the chiral dopants demonstrate deep-blue emission within the Broadcast Service Television 2020 color-gamut range, record external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 29.3%, and have distinctive circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) signals. Overall, the authors' findings underscore the helical extension as a promising strategy for designing narrowband chiroptical materials and advancing high-definition displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Han Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Tao Hua
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guohao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhanxiang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaojun Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiufang Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xialei Lv
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Jing YY, Yang Y, Li N, Ye Z, Wang X, Cao X, Yang C. Indolo[3,2-b]indole-based multi-resonance emitters for efficient narrowband pure-green organic light-emitting diodes. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4624. [PMID: 37950413 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) utilizing multi-resonance (MR) emitters show great potential in ultrahigh-definition display benefitting from superior merits of MR emitters such as high color purity and photoluminescence quantum yields. However, the scarcity of narrowband pure-green MR emitters with novel backbones and facile synthesis has limited their further development. Herein, two novel pure-green MR emitters (IDIDBN and tBuIDIDBN) are demonstrated via replacing the carbazole subunits in the bluish-green BCzBN skeleton with new polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) units, 5-phenyl-5,10-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]indole (IDID) and 5-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-5,10-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]indole (tBuIDID), to simultaneously enlarge the π-conjugation and enhance the electron-donating strength. Consequently, a successful red shift from aquamarine to pure-green is realized for IDIDBN and tBuIDIDBN with photoluminescence maxima peaking at 529 and 532 nm, along with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.25, 0.71) and (0.28, 0.70). Furthermore, both emitters revealed narrowband emission with small full width at half-maximum (FWHM) below 28 nm. Notably, the narrowband pure-green emission was effectively preserved in corresponding devices, which afford elevated maximum external quantum efficiencies of 16.3% and 18.3% for IDIDBN and tBuIDIDBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Jing
- Information Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiyu Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zeyuan Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinzhong Wang
- Information Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Wang J, Yang Y, Gu F, Zhai X, Yao C, Zhang J, Jiang C, Xi X. Molecular Engineering Modulating the Singlet-Triplet Energy Splitting of Indolocarbazole-Based TADF Emitters Exhibiting AIE Properties for Nondoped Blue OLEDs with EQE of Nearly 20. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59643-59654. [PMID: 38090754 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nature, for the construction of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), is still insufficient. This can be attributed to the challenges encountered in molecular design, including the inherent trade-off between radiative decay and reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), as well as small singlet-triplet energy splitting (ΔEST) and the requirement for high photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL). Herein, we present the design of three highly efficient blue TADF molecules with AIE characteristics by combining π-extended donors with different acceptors to modulate the differences in the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing abilities. This approach not only ensures high emission efficiency by suppressing close π-π stacking, weakening nonradiative relaxation, and enhancing radiative transition but also maintains the equilibrium ratio between the triplet and singlet excitons by facilitating the process of RISC. These emitters exhibit AIE and TADF properties, featuring quick radiative rates and low nonradiative rates. The ΦPL of these emitters reached an impressive 88%. Based on their excellent comprehensive performance, nondoped PICzPMO and PICzPMO OLEDs achieved excellent electroluminescence performance, exhibiting maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of up to 19.5%, while the doped device achieved a higher EQEmax of 20.8%. This work demonstrated that by fusing π-extended large rigid donors with different acceptors, it is possible to regulate the difference in electron-donating and electron-withdrawing abilities, resulting in a small ΔEST, high ΦPL, and fast RISC process, which is a highly feasible strategy for designing efficient TADF molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Yuguang Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Fei Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Xuesong Zhai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Chuang Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advance Materials Technology (EBEAM), Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuifeng Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Xinguo Xi
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
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Mahaan R, John Bosco A. Sulfur Oxidation State and Substituents Influenced Multifunctional Organic Luminophores in BTP Core for OLEDs: A Computational Study on RTP, TADF Emitter and Sensitizer. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10570-10582. [PMID: 38063023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of triplet excitons in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) molecules has become a subject of significant attention and interest in recent studies. This study employed density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT theoretical methods to delve into the intricate relationship between the molecular structure and properties of molecules designed with the oxidation of sulfur atoms (S, SO, and SO2) in benzothiazinophenothiazine (BTP) core units. The calculations revealed that as the oxidation state of the sulfur atom increased, the BTP derivatives exhibited elevated ionization potentials (IPs), electron affinities (EAs), and triplet energies (ET), accompanied by reduced reorganization energies (λ), singlet energies (ES), and a S1-T1 energy gap (ΔEST). Additionally, the decrease in the exchange energy prompts a shift in the excited-state properties of molecules, transitioning them from hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) to charge transfer (CT) in the S1 state while maintaining their HLCT character in the T1 state. The sulfur oxidation process systematically decreases spin-orbit coupling magnitudes in the S1-T1 and T1-S0 pathways while increasing the KRISC rate, signifying a reduced propensity for phosphorescence radiative decay in oxidized molecules. Thorough investigations have explored the screening effect and orbital mixing of lone pair electrons in sulfur atoms, satisfying the desired criteria for a multifunctional RTP, TADF emitter and sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Mahaan
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Aruljothy John Bosco
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
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35
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Xu Y, Wang Q, Cai X, Li C, Jiang S, Wang Y. Frontier Molecular Orbital Engineering: Constructing Highly Efficient Narrowband Organic Electroluminescent Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312451. [PMID: 37724466 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
It is of great strategic significance to develop highly efficient narrowband organic electroluminescent materials that can be utilized to manufacture ultra-high-definition (UHD) displays and meet or approach the requirements of Broadcast Television 2020 (B.T.2020) color gamut standards. This motif poses challenges for molecular design and synthesis, especially for developing generality, diversity, scalability, and robustness of molecular structures. The emergence of multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters has ingeniously solved the problems and demonstrated bright application prospects in the field of UHD displays, sparking a research boom. This Minireview summarizes the research endeavors of narrowband organic electroluminescent materials, with emphasis on the tremendous contribution of frontier molecular orbital engineering (FMOE) strategy. It combines the outstanding advantages of MR framework and donor-acceptor (D-A) structure, and can achieve red-shift and narrowband emission simultaneously, which is of great significance in the development of long-wavelength narrowband emitters with emission maxima especially exceeding 500 nm. We hope that this Minireview would provide some inspiration for what could transpire in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yincai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qingyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xinliang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shimei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Jihua Hengye Electronic Materials CO. LTD., Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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36
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Luo S, Wang J, Li N, Song XF, Wan X, Li K, Yang C. Regulation of Multiple Resonance Delayed Fluorescence via Through-Space Charge Transfer Excited State towards High-Efficiency and Stable Narrowband Electroluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310943. [PMID: 37851366 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
B- and N-embedded multiple resonance (MR) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters usually suffer from slow reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process and aggregation-caused emission quenching. Here, we report the design of a sandwich structure by placing the B-N MR core between two electron-donating moieties, inducing through-space charge transfer (TSCT) states. The proper adjusting of the energy levels brings about a 10-fold higher RISC rate in comparison with the parent B-N molecule. In the meantime, a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 91 % and a good color purity were maintained. Organic light-emitting diodes based on the new MR emitter achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 31.7 % and small roll-offs at high brightness. High device efficiencies were also obtained for a wide range of doping concentrations of up to 20 wt % thanks to the steric shielding of the B-N core. A good operational stability with LT95 of 85.2 h has also been revealed. The dual steric and electronic effects resulting from the introduction of a TSCT state offer an effective molecular design to address the critical challenges of MR-TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Fang Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xintong Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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37
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Wang X, Wang A, Zhao M, Marom N. Inverted Lowest Singlet and Triplet Excitation Energy Ordering of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Flakes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:10910-10919. [PMID: 38033187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), only 25% of electrically generated excitons are in a singlet state, S1, and the remaining 75% are in a triplet state, T1. In thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) chromophores the transition from the nonradiative T1 state to the radiative S1 state can be thermally activated, which improves the efficiency of OLEDs. Chromophores with inverted energy ordering of S1 and T1 states, S1 < T1, are superior to TADF chromophores, thanks to the absence of an energy barrier for the transition from T1 to S1. We benchmark the performance of time-dependent density functional theory using different exchange-correlation functionals and find that scaled long-range corrected double-hybrid functionals correctly predict the inverted singlet-triplet gaps of N-substituted phenalene derivatives. We then show that the inverted energy ordering of S1 and T1 is an intrinsic property of graphitic carbon nitride flakes. A design strategy of new chromophores with inverted singlet-triplet gaps is proposed. The color of emitted light can be fine-tuned through flake size and amine substitution on flake vertices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wang
- School of Foundational Education, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266114, China
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Aizhu Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Noa Marom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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38
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Li P, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhou C, Chen R. Achieving narrowband emissions with tunable colors for multiple resonance-thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials: effect of boron/nitrogen number and position. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27877-27884. [PMID: 37815320 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The boron/nitrogen (B/N)-based multiple resonance-thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials with tunable colors have attracted widespread attention owing to their great potential in next-generation display, white lighting, and imaging applications. Numerous MR-TADF emitters with different B/N number and position have been reported to realize full-color narrowband emissions. To gain a better understanding of the effect of B/N number and position on the photo-electronic properties, geometric and electronic properties, Huang-Rhys factors and reorganization energies, charger transfer and absorption/emission properties were analyzed in detail to determine the structure-property relationship for the investigated molecules. The calculated results show that the molecules with para-atoms having the same electronic characteristics (para-B-π-B/para-N-π-N) exhibited smaller structural relaxations upon excitation, and the molecules with increased B/N atoms showed more obvious short-range charge transfer (SRCT) properties. Besides, the para-B-π-N and para-B-π-B/para-N-π-N substructures could reduce and enhance the donor and acceptor strengths, respectively, leading to tunable HOMO-LUMO gaps and emission colors. Such theoretical insights well rationalize the experimental results, revealing that the small reorganization energy and dominant SRCT property should be two key factors in realizing narrowband emissions of MR-TADF materials. These findings and understandings could give an in-depth insight into the structure-property relationship, providing molecular design strategies for the exploration of narrowband MR-TADF materials with tunable emission colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yewen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cefeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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Chen MY, Huang F, Wu H, Cheng YC, Wang H, Hu YN, Fan XC, Yu J, Wang K, Zhang XH. Integrating the atomically separated frontier molecular orbital distribution of two multiple resonance frameworks through a single bond for high-efficiency narrowband emission. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4224-4231. [PMID: 37538049 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00881a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Atomically separated frontier molecular orbital (FMO) distribution plays a crucial role in achieving narrowband emissions for multiple resonance (MR)-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters. Directly peripherally decorating a MR framework with donor or acceptor groups is a common strategy for developing MR emitters. However, this approach always induces bonding features and thus spectral broadening as a side effect. How direct donor/acceptor decoration enhances atomic FMO separation while avoiding bonding features has not been explored. For this aim, two MR derivatives are synthesized by integrating two MR frameworks at different sites. Following resonance alignment, DOBNA-m-CzBN avoids breaking nonbonding FMO features at the single connecting bond and shows enhanced MR characteristics, with a sharp emission at 491 nm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 24 nm/118 meV. Conversely, DOBNA-p-CzBN emerges as a bonding feature due to its continuous π-conjugation extension, with a broadened FWHM of 26 nm/132 meV peaking at 497 nm. Impressively, both emitters exhibit outstanding external quantum efficiencies of 37.8-38.6% in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), demonstrating improved performance with rigid acceptor decoration. Distinctly, the electroluminescence of DOBNA-m-CzBN shows a narrower FWHM than that of DOBNA-p-CzBN. This work for the first time reports the enhancement of atomic FMO separation for MR emitters via peripheral decoration through a single bond and provides a more comprehensive illustration for further development of MR emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Ya-Nan Hu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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Wu C, Tong K, Shi K, Jin Z, Wu Y, Mu Y, Huo Y, Tang M, Yang C, Meng H, Kang F, Wei G. New [3+2+1] Iridium Complexes as Effective Phosphorescent Sensitizers for Efficient Narrowband Saturated-Blue Hyper-OLEDs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301112. [PMID: 37653609 PMCID: PMC10582407 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Two newly designed and synthesized [3+2+1] iridium complexes through introducing bulky trimethylsiliyl (TMS) groups are doped with a terminal emitter of v-DABNA to form an coincident overlapping spectra between the emission of these two phosphors and the absorption of v-DABNA, creating cascade resonant energy transfer for efficient triplet harvesting. To boost the color quality and efficiency, the fabricated hyper-OLEDs have been optimized to achieve a high external quantum efficiency of 31.06%, which has been among the highest efficiency results reported for phosphor sensitized saturated-blue hyper-OLEDs, and pure blue emission peak at 467 nm with the full width at half maxima (FWHM) as narrow as 18 nm and the CIEy values down to 0.097, satisfying the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) requirement for saturated blue OLEDs display. Surprisingly, such hyper-OLEDs have obtained the converted lifetime (LT50 ) up to 4552 h at the brightness of 100 cd m-2 , demonstrating effective Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. Therefore, employing these new bulky TMS substituent [3+2+1] iridium(III) complexes for effective sensitizers can greatly pave the way for further development of high efficiency and stable blue OLEDs in display and lighting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wu
- Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI)Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Kai‐Ning Tong
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Kefei Shi
- Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI)Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Zhaoyun Jin
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Yuan Wu
- PURI Materials, IncShenzhen518133China
| | - Yingxiao Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
| | - Man‐Chung Tang
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Chen Yang
- PURI Materials, IncShenzhen518133China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI)Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Guodan Wei
- Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI)Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
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41
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Zhang T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Kong S, Huang R, Ka-Man Au V, Yu T, Huang W. Highly Twisted Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Molecules and Their Applications in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301896. [PMID: 37288654 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have attracted great potential in the field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Among thousands of TADF materials, highly twisted TADF emitters have become a hotspot in recent years. Compared with traditional TADF materials, highly twisted TADF emitters tend to show multi-channel charge-transfer characters and form rigid molecular structures. This is advantageous for TADF materials, as non-radiative decay processes can be suppressed to facilitate efficient exciton utilization. Accordingly, OLEDs with excellent device performances have also been reported. In this Review, we have summarized recent progress in highly twisted TADF materials and related devices, and give an overview of the molecular design strategies, photophysical studies, and the performances of OLED devices. In addition, the challenges and perspectives of highly twisted TADF molecules and the related OLEDs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuting Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongjuan Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Vonika Ka-Man Au
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, 315103, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
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Liu Q, Deng Y, Ren B, Lan X, Zhang Y, Guo R, Li C, Xiong G, Sun Y, Zhao Z. Unraveling the Position Effect of Spiroxanthene-Based n-Type Hosts for High-Performance TADF-OLEDs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2517. [PMID: 37764546 PMCID: PMC10537283 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
For developing high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters, the diphenyltriazine (TRZ) unit was introduced onto the 2'- and 3'-positions of xanthene moiety of spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] (SFX) to construct n-type host molecules, namely 2'-TRZSFX and 3'-TRZSFX. The outward extension of the TRZ unit, induced by the meta-linkage, resulted in a higher planarity between the TRZ unit and xanthene moiety in the corresponding 3'-TRZSFX. Additionally, this extension led to a perched T1 level, as well as a lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level when compared with 2'-TRZSFX. Meanwhile, the 3'-TRZSFX molecules in the crystalline state presented coherent packing along with the interaction between TRZ units; the similar packing motif was spaced apart from xanthene moieties in the 2'-TRZSFX crystal. These endowed 3'-TRZSFX superior electron transport capacity in single-carrier devices relative to the 2'-TRZSFX-based device. Hence, the 3'-TRZSFX-based TADF-OLED showed remarkable electroluminescent (EL) performance under the operating luminance from turn-on to ca. 1000 cd·m-2 with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 23.0%, thanks to its matched LUMO level with 4CzIPN emitter and better electron transport capacity. Interestingly, the 2'-TRZSFX-based device, with an EQEmax of 18.8%, possessed relatively low roll-off and higher efficiency when the operating luminance exceeded 1000 cd·m-2, which was attributed to the more balanced carrier transport under high operating voltage. These results were elucidated by the analysis of single-crystal structures and the measurements of single-carrier devices, combined with EL performance. The revealed position effect of the TRZ unit on xanthene moiety provides a more informed strategy to develop SFX-based hosts for highly efficient TADF-OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Liu
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (G.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yun Deng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Baoyi Ren
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (G.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xia Lan
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (G.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (G.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Runda Guo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Chensheng Li
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (G.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Gang Xiong
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (G.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yaguang Sun
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (G.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
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Bai W, Xuan T, Zhao H, Dong H, Cheng X, Wang L, Xie RJ. Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes with an External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 30. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302283. [PMID: 37246938 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are strong candidates for next-generation display and lighting technologies due to their high color purity and low-cost solution-processed fabrication. However, PeLEDs are not superior to commercial organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in efficiency, as some key parameters affecting their efficiency, such as the charge carrier transport and light outcoupling efficiency, are usually overlooked and not well optimized. Here, ultrahigh-efficiency green PeLEDs are reported with quantum efficiencies surpassing a milestone of 30% by regulating the charge carrier transport and near-field light distribution to reduce electron leakage and achieve a high light outcoupling efficiency of 41.82%. Ni0.9 Mg0.1 Ox films are applied with a high refractive index and increased hole carrier mobility as the hole injection layer to balance the charge carrier injection and insert the polyethylene glycol layer between the hole transport layer and the perovskite emissive layer to block the electron leakage and reduce the photon loss. Therefore, with the modified structure, the state-of-the-art green PeLEDs achieve a world record external quantum efficiency of 30.84% (average = 29.05 ± 0.77%) at a luminance of 6514 cd m-2 . This study provides an interesting idea to construct super high-efficiency PeLEDs by balancing the electron-hole recombination and enhancing the light outcoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Xuan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haorui Dong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xinru Cheng
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Jun Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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Zou Y, He J, Li N, Hu Y, Luo S, Cao X, Yang C. Precisely regulating the double-boron-based multi-resonance framework towards pure-red emitters: high-performance OLEDs with CIE coordinates fully satisfying the BT. 2020 standard. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3712-3718. [PMID: 37403802 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00800b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we propose a new simple and effective strategy for designing pure-red multi-resonance (MR) emitters through precisely regulating the double-boron-based MR framework. The two designed emitters exhibit ultrapure red emission together with superb photophysical properties, and further enable high-performance, high color-purity red OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiawei He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sai Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Xie FM, Li HZ, Zhang K, Wang HY, Li YQ, Tang JX. Rational Multidimensional Shielded Multiple Resonance Emitter Suppresses Concentration Quenching and Spectral Broadening for Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39669-39676. [PMID: 37579002 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based on multiple resonance (MR) effects are promising for high-definition organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with narrowband emission and high efficiency. However, they still face the challenges of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and spectral broadening. Solution-processable MR-TADF emitters with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of >20% and a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of <30 nm have rarely been reported. To construct ACQ-resistant emitters without sacrificing color purity, the aggregation-induced MR-TADF material 6TBN with a rigid B,N-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon core and four carbazole substituents as well as 12 tert-butyl groups on the periphery is designed. The multidimensional shielded effect largely limits the ACQ, intermolecular interactions, and spectral broadening. Consequently, solution-processed OLEDs based on 6TBN exhibit a maximum EQE of 23.0% and high color purity with a fwhm of 25 nm. Furthermore, the nondoped device achieves a high efficiency (12.3%) and merely a slight widening of the fwhm to 27 nm. This work provides a feasible strategy to achieve MR-TADF materials with resistance to concentration quenching and high color purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ming Xie
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ze Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Yang Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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Hu J, Jiang S, Zhang D, Zhao T, Lin F, Meng L, Chen X, Lu C. Rational Design of Highly Efficient Orange-Red/Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters with Submicrosecond Emission Lifetimes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300808. [PMID: 37279379 PMCID: PMC10427351 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of orange-red/red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with both high emission efficiencies and short lifetimes is highly desirable for electroluminescence (EL) applications, but remains a formidable challenge owing to the strict molecular design principles. Herein, two new orange-red/red TADF emitters, namely AC-PCNCF3 and TAC-PCNCF3, composed of pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile-derived electron-acceptor (PCNCF3) and acridine electron-donors (AC/TAC) are developed. These emitters in doped films exhibit excellent photophysical properties, including high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 0.91, tiny singlet-triplet energy gaps of 0.01 eV, and ultrashort TADF lifetimes of less than 1 µs. The TADF-organic light-emitting diodes employing the AC-PCNCF3 as emitter achieve orange-red and red EL with high external quantum efficiencies of up to 25.0% and nearly 20% at doping concentrations of 5 and 40 wt%, respectively, both accompanied by well-suppressed efficiency roll-offs. This work provides an efficient molecular design strategy for developing high-performance red TADF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Xuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional MaterialsXiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenFujian361021China
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional MaterialsXiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenFujian361021China
| | - Dong‐Hai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional MaterialsXiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenFujian361021China
| | - Tianxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional MaterialsXiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenFujian361021China
| | - Fu‐Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional MaterialsXiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenFujian361021China
| | - Lingyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional MaterialsXiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenFujian361021China
| | - Xu‐Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional MaterialsXiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenFujian361021China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of ChinaFuzhouFujian350108China
| | - Can‐Zhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional MaterialsXiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenFujian361021China
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of ChinaFuzhouFujian350108China
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47
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Jing YY, Li N, Cao X, Wu H, Miao J, Chen Z, Huang M, Wang X, Hu Y, Zou Y, Yang C. Precise modulation of multiple resonance emitters toward efficient electroluminescence with pure-red gamut for high-definition displays. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8296. [PMID: 37506207 PMCID: PMC10381944 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Multiple resonance (MR) compounds have garnered substantial attention for their prospective utility in wide color gamut displays. Nevertheless, developing red MR emitters with both high efficiency and saturated emission color remains demanding. We herein introduce a comprehensive strategy for spectral tuning in the red region by simultaneously regulating the π-conjugation and electron-donating strengths of a double boron-embedded MR skeleton while preserving narrowband characteristics. The proof-of-concept materials manifested emissions from orange-red to deep red, with bandwidths below 0.12 eV. The pure-red device based on CzIDBNO displayed superior color purity with CIE coordinates of (0.701, 0.298), approaching the Broadcast Television 2020 standard. In concert with high photoluminescence quantum yield and strong horizontal dipole orientation, CzIDBNO also achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 32.5% and a current efficiency of 20.2 cd A-1, outstripping prior reported organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with CIEx exceeding 0.68. These findings offer a roadmap for designing high-performance emitters with exceptional color purity for future OLED material research advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Jing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoeletronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Information Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Han Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhanxiang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinzhong Wang
- Information Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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48
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Ma B, Ding Z, Liu D, Zhou Z, Zhang K, Dang D, Zhang S, Su SJ, Zhu W, Liu Y. A Feasible Strategy for a Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter Over 900 nm Based on Phenalenone Derivatives. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301197. [PMID: 37154226 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) suffer from the low external electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiency (EQE), which is a critical obstacle for potential applications. Herein, 1-oxo-1-phenalene-2,3-dicarbonitrile (OPDC) is employed as an electron-withdrawing aromatic ring, and by incorporating with triphenylamine (TPA) and biphenylphenylamine (BBPA) donors, two novel NIR emitters with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics, namely OPDC-DTPA and OPDC-DBBPA, are first developed and compared in parallel. Intense NIR emission peaks at 962 and 1003 nm are observed in their pure films, respectively. Contributed by the local excited (LE) characteristics in the triplet (T1 ) state in synergy with the charge transfer (CT) characteristics for the singlet (S1 ) state to activate TADF emission, the solution processable doped NIR OLEDs based on OPDC-DTPA and OPDC-DBBPA yield EL peaks at 834 and 906 nm, accompanied with maximum EQEs of 0.457 and 0.103 %, respectively, representing the state-of-the-art EL performances in the TADF emitter-based NIR-OLEDs in the similar EL emission regions so far. This work manifests a simple and effective strategy for the development of NIR TADF emitters with long wavelength and efficiency synchronously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Denghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxin Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Dongfeng Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shiyue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
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49
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Gawale Y, Ansari R, Naveen KR, Kwon JH. Forthcoming hyperfluorescence display technology: relevant factors to achieve high-performance stable organic light emitting diodes. Front Chem 2023; 11:1211345. [PMID: 37377883 PMCID: PMC10291061 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1211345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the decade, there have been developments in purely organic thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, achieving narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and high external quantum efficiency (EQE) is crucial for real display industries. To overcome these hurdles, hyperfluorescence (HF) technology was proposed for next-generation OLEDs. In this technology, the TADF material was considered a sensitizing host, the so-called TADF sensitized host (TSH), for use of triplet excitons via the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) pathway. Since most of the TADF materials show bipolar characteristics, electrically generated singlet and triplet exciton energies can be transported to the final fluorescent emitter (FE) through Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) rather than Dexter energy transfer (DET). This mechanism is possible from the S1 state of the TSH to the S1 state of the final fluorescent dopant (FD) as a long-range energy transfer. Considering this, some reports are available based on hyperfluorescence OLEDs, but the detailed analysis for highly efficient and stable devices for commercialization was unclear. So herein, we reviewed the relevant factors based on recent advancements to build a highly efficient and stable hyperfluorescence system. The factors include an energy transfer mechanism based on spectral overlapping, TSH requirements, electroluminescence study based on exciplex and polarity system, shielding effect, DET suppression, and FD orientation. Furthermore, the outlook and future positives with new directions were discussed to build high-performance OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jang Hyuk Kwon
- *Correspondence: Kenkera Rayappa Naveen, ; Jang Hyuk Kwon,
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50
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Huang Z, Xie H, Miao J, Wei Y, Zou Y, Hua T, Cao X, Yang C. Charge Transfer Excited State Promoted Multiple Resonance Delayed Fluorescence Emitter for High-Performance Narrowband Electroluminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37276361 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters are promising candidates for narrowband organic light-emitting diodes, but their electroluminescent performance is typically hindered by the slow reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC). Herein, we present an effective strategy to introduce a multichannel reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) pathway with large spin-orbit coupling by orthogonally linking an electron-donating unit to the MR framework. Through delicate manipulation of the excited-state energy levels, an additional intersegmental charge transfer triplet state could be "silently" induced without perturbing the MR character of the lowest excited singlet state. The proof-of-concept emitter CzBN3 not only affords 23-fold increase of kRISC compared with its prototypical MR skeleton but also realizes close-to-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, large radiative rate constant, and very narrow emission spectrum. These merits enable high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of up to 37.1% and alleviated efficiency roll-off in the sensitizer-free device (EQE1000 = 30.4%), and a further boost of efficiency (EQEmax/1000 = 42.3/34.1%) is realized in the hyperfluorescent device. The state-of-the-art electroluminescent performance validates the superiority of our molecular design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Honghui Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yaxiong Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tao Hua
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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