1
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Talha-Dean T, Tarn Y, Mukherjee S, John JW, Huang D, Verzhbitskiy IA, Venkatakrishnarao D, Das S, Lee R, Mishra A, Wang S, Ang YS, Johnson Goh KE, Lau CS. Nanoironing van der Waals Heterostructures toward Electrically Controlled Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31738-31746. [PMID: 38843175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Assembling two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW)-layered materials into heterostructures is an exciting development that sparked the discovery of rich correlated electronic phenomena. vdW heterostructures also offer possibilities for designer device applications in areas such as optoelectronics, valley- and spintronics, and quantum technology. However, realizing the full potential of these heterostructures requires interfaces with exceptionally low disorder which is challenging to engineer. Here, we show that thermal scanning probes can be used to create pristine interfaces in vdW heterostructures. Our approach is compatible at both the material- and device levels, and monolayer WS2 transistors show up to an order of magnitude improvement in electrical performance from this technique. We also demonstrate vdW heterostructures with low interface disorder enabling the electrical formation and control of quantum dots that can be tuned from macroscopic current flow to the single-electron tunneling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teymour Talha-Dean
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Yaoju Tarn
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Subhrajit Mukherjee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - John Wellington John
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ding Huang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ivan A Verzhbitskiy
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dasari Venkatakrishnarao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sarthak Das
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rainer Lee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shuhua Wang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Yee Sin Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Kuan Eng Johnson Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chit Siong Lau
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
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2
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Mimona MA, Mobarak MH, Ahmed E, Kamal F, Hasan M. Nanowires: Exponential speedup in quantum computing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31940. [PMID: 38845958 PMCID: PMC11153239 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This review paper examines the crucial role of nanowires in the field of quantum computing, highlighting their importance as versatile platforms for qubits and vital building blocks for creating fault-tolerant and scalable quantum information processing systems. Researchers are studying many categories of nanowires, including semiconductor, superconducting, and topological nanowires, to explore their distinct quantum features that play a role in creating various qubit designs. The paper explores the interdisciplinary character of quantum computing, combining the fields of quantum physics and materials science. This text highlights the significance of quantum gate operations in manipulating qubits for computation, thus creating the toolbox of quantum algorithms. The paper emphasizes the key research areas in quantum technology, such as entanglement engineering, quantum error correction, and a wide range of applications spanning from encryption to climate change modeling. The research highlights the importance of tackling difficulties related to decoding mitigation, error correction, and hardware scalability to fully utilize the transformative potential of quantum computing in scientific, technical, and computational fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Akter Mimona
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hosne Mobarak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Emtiuz Ahmed
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Kamal
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
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3
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Aslam MA, Leitner S, Tyagi S, Provias A, Tkachuk V, Pavlica E, Dienstleder M, Knez D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Yan D, Shi Y, Knobloch T, Waltl M, Schwingenschlögl U, Grasser T, Matković A. All van der Waals Semiconducting PtSe 2 Field Effect Transistors with Low Contact Resistance Graphite Electrodes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6529-6537. [PMID: 38789104 PMCID: PMC11157664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Contact resistance is a multifaceted challenge faced by the 2D materials community. Large Schottky barrier heights and gap-state pinning are active obstacles that require an integrated approach to achieve the development of high-performance electronic devices based on 2D materials. In this work, we present semiconducting PtSe2 field effect transistors with all-van-der-Waals electrode and dielectric interfaces. We use graphite contacts, which enable high ION/IOFF ratios up to 109 with currents above 100 μA μm-1 and mobilities of 50 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature and over 400 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 10 K. The devices exhibit high stability with a maximum hysteresis width below 36 mV nm-1. The contact resistance at the graphite-PtSe2 interface is found to be below 700 Ω μm. Our results present PtSe2 as a promising candidate for the realization of high-performance 2D circuits built solely with 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Awais Aslam
- Chair
of Physics, Department Physics, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical
Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Simon Leitner
- Chair
of Physics, Department Physics, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical
Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Shubham Tyagi
- Physical
Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandros Provias
- Institute
for Microelectronics, TU Wien, Gußhausstraße 27-29/E360, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Vadym Tkachuk
- Laboratory
of Organic Matter Physics, University of
Nova Gorica, Vipavska
13, Nova Gorica SI-5000, Slovenia
| | - Egon Pavlica
- Laboratory
of Organic Matter Physics, University of
Nova Gorica, Vipavska
13, Nova Gorica SI-5000, Slovenia
| | | | - Daniel Knez
- Institute
of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz), Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research
Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dayu Yan
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Youguo Shi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Theresia Knobloch
- Institute
for Microelectronics, TU Wien, Gußhausstraße 27-29/E360, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Michael Waltl
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Single-Defect Spectroscopy at the Institute
for Microelectronics, TU Wien, Gußhausstraße 27-29/E360, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Udo Schwingenschlögl
- Physical
Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tibor Grasser
- Institute
for Microelectronics, TU Wien, Gußhausstraße 27-29/E360, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Aleksandar Matković
- Chair
of Physics, Department Physics, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical
Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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4
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Chuang HJ, Stevens CE, Rosenberger MR, Lee SJ, McCreary KM, Hendrickson JR, Jonker BT. Enhancing Single Photon Emission Purity via Design of van der Waals Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5529-5535. [PMID: 38668677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Quantum emitters are essential components of quantum photonic circuitry envisioned beyond the current optoelectronic state-of-the-art. Two dimensional materials are attractive hosts for such emitters. However, the high single photon purity required is rarely realized due to the presence of spectrally degenerate classical light originating from defects. Here, we show that design of a van der Waals heterostructure effectively eliminates this spurious light, resulting in purities suitable for a variety of quantum technological applications. Single photon purity from emitters in monolayer WSe2 increases from 60% to 92% by incorporating this monolayer in a simple graphite/WSe2 heterostructure. Fast interlayer charge transfer quenches a broad photoluminescence background by preventing radiative recombination through long-lived defect bound exciton states. This approach is generally applicable to other 2D emitter materials, circumvents issues of material quality, and offers a path forward to achieve the ultrahigh single photon purities ultimately required for photon-based quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Jen Chuang
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Christopher E Stevens
- KBR Inc., Beavercreek, Ohio 45431, United States
- Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | | | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Kathleen M McCreary
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Joshua R Hendrickson
- Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Berend T Jonker
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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5
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McRae AC, Wei G, Huang L, Yigen S, Tayari V, Champagne AR. Mechanical Control of Quantum Transport in Graphene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313629. [PMID: 38558481 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
2D materials (2DMs) are fundamentally electro-mechanical systems. Their environment unavoidably strains them and modifies their quantum transport properties. For instance, a simple uniaxial strain can completely turn off the conductance of ballistic graphene or switch on/off the superconducting phase of magic-angle bilayer graphene. This article reports measurements of quantum transport in strained graphene transistors which agree quantitatively with models based on mechanically-induced gauge potentials. A scalar potential is mechanically induced in situ to modify graphene's work function by up to 25 meV. Mechanically generated vector potentials suppress the ballistic conductance of graphene by up to 30% and control its quantum interferences. The data are measured with a custom experimental platform able to precisely tune both the mechanics and electrostatics of suspended graphene transistors at low-temperature over a broad range of strain (up to 2.6%). This work opens many opportunities to harness quantitative strain effects in 2DM quantum transport and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C McRae
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Linxiang Huang
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Serap Yigen
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vahid Tayari
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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6
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Laukkanen P, Punkkinen M, Kuzmin M, Kokko K, Liu X, Radfar B, Vähänissi V, Savin H, Tukiainen A, Hakkarainen T, Viheriälä J, Guina M. Bridging the gap between surface physics and photonics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:044501. [PMID: 38373354 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad2ac9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Use and performance criteria of photonic devices increase in various application areas such as information and communication, lighting, and photovoltaics. In many current and future photonic devices, surfaces of a semiconductor crystal are a weak part causing significant photo-electric losses and malfunctions in applications. These surface challenges, many of which arise from material defects at semiconductor surfaces, include signal attenuation in waveguides, light absorption in light emitting diodes, non-radiative recombination of carriers in solar cells, leakage (dark) current of photodiodes, and light reflection at solar cell interfaces for instance. To reduce harmful surface effects, the optical and electrical passivation of devices has been developed for several decades, especially with the methods of semiconductor technology. Because atomic scale control and knowledge of surface-related phenomena have become relevant to increase the performance of different devices, it might be useful to enhance the bridging of surface physics to photonics. Toward that target, we review some evolving research subjects with open questions and possible solutions, which hopefully provide example connecting points between photonic device passivation and surface physics. One question is related to the properties of the wet chemically cleaned semiconductor surfaces which are typically utilized in device manufacturing processes, but which appear to be different from crystalline surfaces studied in ultrahigh vacuum by physicists. In devices, a defective semiconductor surface often lies at an embedded interface formed by a thin metal or insulator film grown on the semiconductor crystal, which makes the measurements of its atomic and electronic structures difficult. To understand these interface properties, it is essential to combine quantum mechanical simulation methods. This review also covers metal-semiconductor interfaces which are included in most photonic devices to transmit electric carriers to the semiconductor structure. Low-resistive and passivated contacts with an ultrathin tunneling barrier are an emergent solution to control electrical losses in photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Laukkanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Punkkinen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikhail Kuzmin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalevi Kokko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Behrad Radfar
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Vähänissi
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hele Savin
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Antti Tukiainen
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu Hakkarainen
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Viheriälä
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mircea Guina
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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7
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Lau CS, Das S, Verzhbitskiy IA, Huang D, Zhang Y, Talha-Dean T, Fu W, Venkatakrishnarao D, Johnson Goh KE. Dielectrics for Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Applications. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37257134 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite over a decade of intense research efforts, the full potential of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides continues to be limited by major challenges. The lack of compatible and scalable dielectric materials and integration techniques restrict device performances and their commercial applications. Conventional dielectric integration techniques for bulk semiconductors are difficult to adapt for atomically thin two-dimensional materials. This review provides a brief introduction into various common and emerging dielectric synthesis and integration techniques and discusses their applicability for 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Dielectric integration for various applications is reviewed in subsequent sections including nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, flexible electronics, valleytronics, biosensing, quantum information processing, and quantum sensing. For each application, we introduce basic device working principles, discuss the specific dielectric requirements, review current progress, present key challenges, and offer insights into future prospects and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit Siong Lau
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sarthak Das
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ivan A Verzhbitskiy
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ding Huang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Teymour Talha-Dean
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dasari Venkatakrishnarao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kuan Eng Johnson Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
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8
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Sun W, Krajewska CJ, Kaplan AEK, Šverko T, Berkinsky DB, Ginterseder M, Utzat H, Bawendi MG. Elastic Phonon Scattering Dominates Dephasing in Weakly Confined Cesium Lead Bromide Nanocrystals at Cryogenic Temperatures. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2615-2622. [PMID: 36926921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have emerged as a potential next-generation single quantum emitter (QE) material for quantum optics and quantum information science. Optical dephasing processes at cryogenic temperatures are critical to the quality of a QE, making a mechanistic understanding of coherence losses of fundamental interest. We use photon-correlation Fourier spectroscopy (PCFS) to obtain a lower bound to the optical coherence times of single PNCs as a function of temperature. We find that 20 nm CsPbBr3 PNCs emit nearly exclusively into a narrow zero-phonon line from 4 to 13 K. Remarkably, no spectral diffusion is observed at time scales of 10 μs to 5 ms. Our results suggest that exciton dephasing in this temperature range is dominated by elastic scattering from phonon modes with characteristic frequencies of 1-3 meV, while inelastic scattering is minimal due to weak exciton-phonon coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chantalle J Krajewska
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander E K Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tara Šverko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David B Berkinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthias Ginterseder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hendrik Utzat
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Lock EH, Lee J, Choi DS, Bedford RG, Karna SP, Roy AK. Materials Innovations for Quantum Technology Acceleration: A Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2201064. [PMID: 37021584 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A broad perspective of quantum technology state of the art is provided and critical stumbling blocks for quantum technology development are identified. Innovations in demonstrating and understanding electron entanglement phenomena using bulk and low-dimensional materials and structures are summarized. Correlated photon-pair generation via processes such as nonlinear optics is discussed. Application of qubits to current and future high-impact quantum technology development is presented. Approaches for realizing unique qubit features for large-scale encrypted communication, sensing, computing, and other technologies are still evolving; thus, materials innovation is crucially important. A perspective on materials modeling approaches for quantum technology acceleration that incorporate physics-based AI/ML, integrated with quantum metrology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya H Lock
- Materials Science and Technology Division, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Jonghoon Lee
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXAN, 2179 12th St, WPAFB, OH, 45433, USA
- ARCTOS Technology Solutions, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Beavercreek, OH, 45432, USA
| | - Daniel S Choi
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, FCDD-RLW, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Beavercreek, MD, 21015, USA
| | - Robert G Bedford
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXAN, 2179 12th St, WPAFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Shashi P Karna
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, FCDD-RLW, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Beavercreek, MD, 21015, USA
| | - Ajit K Roy
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXAN, 2179 12th St, WPAFB, OH, 45433, USA
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10
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Tesi L, Stemmler F, Winkler M, Liu SSY, Das S, Sun X, Zharnikov M, Ludwigs S, van Slageren J. Modular Approach to Creating Functionalized Surface Arrays of Molecular Qubits. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208998. [PMID: 36609776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The quest for developing quantum technologies is driven by the promise of exponentially faster computations, ultrahigh performance sensing, and achieving thorough understanding of many-particle quantum systems. Molecular spins are excellent qubit candidates because they feature long coherence times, are widely tunable through chemical synthesis, and can be interfaced with other quantum platforms such as superconducting qubits. A present challenge for molecular spin qubits is their integration in quantum devices, which requires arranging them in thin films or monolayers on surfaces. However, clear proof of the survival of quantum properties of molecular qubits on surfaces has not been reported so far. Furthermore, little is known about the change in spin dynamics of molecular qubits going from the bulk to monolayers. Here, a versatile bottom-up method is reported to arrange molecular qubits as functional groups of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on surfaces, combining molecular self-organization and click chemistry. Coherence times of up to 13 µs demonstrate that qubit properties are maintained or even enhanced in the monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tesi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Friedrich Stemmler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mario Winkler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sherri S Y Liu
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Saunak Das
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiuming Sun
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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11
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Xu DD, Vong AF, Lebedev D, Ananth R, Wong AM, Brown PT, Hersam MC, Mirkin CA, Weiss EA. Conversion of Classical Light Emission from a Nanoparticle-Strained WSe 2 Monolayer into Quantum Light Emission via Electron Beam Irradiation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208066. [PMID: 36373540 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state single photon emitters (SPEs) within atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently attracted interest as scalable quantum light sources for quantum photonic technologies. Among TMDs, WSe2 monolayers (MLs) are promising for the deterministic fabrication and engineering of SPEs using local strain fields. The ability to reliably produce isolatable SPEs in WSe2 is currently impeded by the presence of numerous spectrally overlapping states that occur at strained locations. Here nanoparticle (NP) arrays with precisely defined positions and sizes are employed to deterministically create strain fields in WSe2 MLs, thus enabling the systematic investigation and control of SPE formation. Using this platform, electron beam irradiation at NP-strained locations transforms spectrally overlapped sub-bandgap emission states into isolatable, anti-bunched quantum emitters. The dependence of the emission spectra of WSe2 MLs as a function of strain magnitude and exposure time to electron beam irradiation is quantified and provides insight into the mechanism for SPE production. Excitons selectively funnel through strongly coupled sub-bandgap states introduced by electron beam irradiation, which suppresses spectrally overlapping emission pathways and leads to measurable anti-bunched behavior. The findings provide a strategy to generate isolatable SPEs in 2D materials with a well-defined energy range.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Albert F Vong
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Dmitry Lebedev
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Riddhi Ananth
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Alexa M Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Paul T Brown
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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12
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Hagarová I, Nemček L, Šebesta M, Zvěřina O, Kasak P, Urík M. Preconcentration and Separation of Gold Nanoparticles from Environmental Waters Using Extraction Techniques Followed by Spectrometric Quantification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911465. [PMID: 36232767 PMCID: PMC9570491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in environmental samples at ultratrace concentrations can be accurately performed by sophisticated and pricey analytical methods. This paper aims to challenge the analytical potential and advantages of cheaper and equally reliable alternatives that couple the well-established extraction procedures with common spectrometric methods. We discuss several combinations of techniques that are suitable for separation/preconcentration and quantification of AuNP in complex and challenging aqueous matrices, such as tap, river, lake, brook, mineral, and sea waters, as well as wastewaters. Cloud point extraction (CPE) has been successfully combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), chemiluminescence (CL), and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). The major advantage of this approach is the ability to quantify AuNP of different sizes and coatings in a sample with a volume in the order of milliliters. Small volumes of sample (5 mL), dispersive solvent (50 µL), and extraction agent (70 µL) were reported also for surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SA-DLLME) coupled with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). The limits of detection (LOD) achieved using different combinations of methods as well as enrichment factors (EF) varied greatly, being 0.004–200 ng L−1 and 8–250, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Hagarová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 845 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Nemček
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 845 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Šebesta
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 845 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ondřej Zvěřina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University in Brno, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Martin Urík
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 845 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-9014-9392
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13
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Mo L, Zhang F, Chen F, Xia L, Huang Y, Mo Y, Zhang L, Huang D, He S, Deng J, Hao E, Du Z. Progress on structural modification of Tetrandrine with wide range of pharmacological activities. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:978600. [PMID: 36052124 PMCID: PMC9424556 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.978600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine (Tet), derived from the traditional Chinese herb Fangji, is a class of natural alkaloids with the structure of bisbenzylisoquinoline, which has a wide range of physiological activities and significant pharmacfological effects. However, studies and clinical applications have revealed a series of drawbacks such as its poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and the fact that it can be toxic to humans. The results of many researchers have confirmed that chemical structural modifications and nanocarrier delivery can address the limited application of Tet and improve its efficacy. In this paper, we summarize the anti-tumor efficacy and mechanism of action, anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanism of action, and clinical applications of Tet, and describe the progress of Tet based on chemical structure modification and nanocarrier delivery, aiming to explore more diverse structures to improve the pharmacological activity of Tet and provide ideas to meet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Mo
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Office of the President, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yuemi Mo
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
| | - Lingqiu Zhang
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
| | - Daquan Huang
- Guangxi Dahai Sunshine Pharmaceutical, Nanning, China
| | - Shunli He
- Guangxi Heli Pharmaceutical, Nanning, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Jiagang Deng, ; Erwei Hao, ; Zhengcai Du,
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Jiagang Deng, ; Erwei Hao, ; Zhengcai Du,
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Jiagang Deng, ; Erwei Hao, ; Zhengcai Du,
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Kyrk T, Bravo M, McCandless GT, Lapidus SH, Chan JY. Investigating the A n+1B n X 3n+1 Homologous Series: A New Platform for Studying Magnetic Praseodymium Based Intermetallics. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19048-19057. [PMID: 35721977 PMCID: PMC9202054 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of the A n+1B n X3n+1 (A = lanthanide, B = transition metal, X = tetrel) homologous series provides a new platform to study the structure-property relationships of highly correlated electron systems. Several members of Ce n+1Co n Ge3n+1 (n = 1, 4, 5, 6, and ∞) show evidence of heavy electron behavior with complex magnetic interactions. While the Ce analogues have been investigated, only n = 1, 2, and ∞ of Pr n+1Co n Ge3n+1 have been synthesized, with n = 1 and 2 showing a nonsinglet magnetic ground state. The Pr analogues can provide a platform for direct comparison of highly correlated behavior. In this perspective, we discuss the impetus for synthesizing the Pr n+1Co n Ge3n+1 members and present the structural characterization of the n = 3 and n = 4 members. We lay the foundation for future investigations of the Pr n+1Co n Ge3n+1 family of compounds and highlight the importance of complementary methods to characterize new quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent
M. Kyrk
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor
University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Moises Bravo
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor
University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Gregory T. McCandless
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor
University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Saul H. Lapidus
- X-ray
Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Julia Y. Chan
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor
University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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