1
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Li G, Ngo DT, Yan Y, Tan Q, Wang B, Resasco DE. Factors Determining Selectivity of Acid- and Base-Catalyzed Self- and Cross-Condensation of Acetone and Cyclopentanone. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gengnan Li
- Center for Interfacial Reaction Engineering, School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd St., Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Duong T. Ngo
- Center for Interfacial Reaction Engineering, School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd St., Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Yu Yan
- Center for Interfacial Reaction Engineering, School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd St., Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Qiaohua Tan
- Center for Interfacial Reaction Engineering, School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd St., Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Interfacial Reaction Engineering, School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd St., Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Daniel E. Resasco
- Center for Interfacial Reaction Engineering, School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd St., Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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2
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Yoo WJ, Ishitani H, Saito Y, Laroche B, Kobayashi S. Reworking Organic Synthesis for the Modern Age: Synthetic Strategies Based on Continuous-Flow Addition and Condensation Reactions with Heterogeneous Catalysts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5132-5145. [PMID: 32069417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
While organic synthesis carried out in most laboratories uses batch methods, there is growing interest in modernizing fine chemical synthesis through continuous-flow processes. As a synthetic method, flow processes have several advantages over batch systems in terms of environmental compatibility, efficiency, and safety, and recent advances have allowed for the synthesis of several complex molecules, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Nevertheless, due to several reasons related to the difficulties arising from byproduct formation during the flow process, such as lower yields, poor selectivities, clogging of columns due to poor solubility, catalyst poisoning, etc., successful examples of continuous-flow synthesis of complex organic molecules are still limited. In order to solve this bottleneck, the development of selective and atom-economical continuous-flow organic transformations are needed. This perspective highlights examples of atom-economical addition and condensation reactions with heterogeneous catalysts under continuous-flow conditions and their applications for the synthesis of complex organic molecules such as natural products and APIs. In order to realize new continuous-flow methodologies, based on addition and condensation reactions, in place of substitution reactions, the development of novel reactions and heterogeneous catalysts is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Yoo
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruro Ishitani
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Benjamin Laroche
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Role of water in cyclopentanone self-condensation reaction catalyzed by MCM-41 functionalized with sulfonic acid groups. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Chołuj A, Karczykowski R, Chmielewski MJ. Simple and Robust Immobilization of a Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst Inside MOFs by Acid–Base Reaction. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Chołuj
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Robert Karczykowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Michał J. Chmielewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
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5
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Xie G, Wei S, Zhang L, Ma X. Hollow Mesoporous Organic Polymeric Nanobowls and Nanospheres: Shell Thickness and Mesopore-Dependent Catalytic Performance in Sulfonation, Immobilization of Organocatalyst, and Enantioselective Organocascade. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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6
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Solid supported Hayashi–Jørgensen catalyst as an efficient and recyclable organocatalyst for asymmetric Michael addition reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Greco R, Caciolli L, Zaghi A, Pandoli O, Bortolini O, Cavazzini A, De Risi C, Massi A. A monolithic 5-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)tetrazole flow microreactor for the asymmetric aldol reaction in water–ethanol solvent. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00017c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic polystyrene monolithic column produces chiral β-hydroxyketones under benign, continuous-flow conditions with high long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caciolli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Anna Zaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Omar Pandoli
- Departamento de Química
- Pontificia Universidade Católica – PUC-Rio
- Brazil
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
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8
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de Lima Batista AP, Zahariev F, Slowing II, Braga AAC, Ornellas FR, Gordon MS. Silanol-Assisted Carbinolamine Formation in an Amine-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Surface: Theoretical Investigation by Fragmentation Methods. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:1660-9. [PMID: 26670797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aldol reaction catalyzed by an amine-substituted mesoporous silica nanoparticle (amine-MSN) surface was investigated using a large molecular cluster model (Si392O958C6NH361) combined with the surface integrated molecular orbital/molecular mechanics (SIMOMM) and fragment molecular orbital (FMO) methods. Three distinct pathways for the carbinolamine formation, the first step of the amine-catalyzed aldol reaction, are proposed and investigated in order to elucidate the role of the silanol environment on the catalytic capability of the amine-MSN material. The computational study reveals that the most likely mechanism involves the silanol groups actively participating in the reaction, forming and breaking covalent bonds in the carbinolamine step. Therefore, the active participation of MSN silanol groups in the reaction mechanism leads to a significant reduction in the overall energy barrier for the carbinolamine formation. In addition, a comparison between the findings using a minimal cluster model and the Si392O958C6NH361 cluster suggests that the use of larger models is important when heterogeneous catalysis problems are the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P de Lima Batista
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Federico Zahariev
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Igor I Slowing
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Ornellas
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mark S Gordon
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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9
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Ötvös SB, Szloszár A, Mándity IM, Fülöp F. Heterogeneous Dipeptide-Catalyzed α-Amination of Aldehydes in a Continuous-Flow Reactor: Effect of Residence Time on Enantioselectivity. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Bartók M. Advances in Immobilized Organocatalysts for the Heterogeneous Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reactions. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2015.1039432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Hayden S, Glasnov T, Kappe CO. Nafion-H-Catalyzed High-Temperature/High-Pressure Synthesis of a Triarylmethane in Continuous-Flow Mode. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Wu T, Wan J, Ma X. Aqueous asymmetric aldol reaction catalyzed by nanomagnetic solid acid SO42−/Zr(OH)4–Fe3O4. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Atodiresei I, Vila C, Rueping M. Asymmetric Organocatalysis in Continuous Flow: Opportunities for Impacting Industrial Catalysis. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Atodiresei
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carlos Vila
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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14
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Rodríguez-Escrich C, Pericàs MA. Organocatalysis on Tap: Enantioselective Continuous Flow Processes Mediated by Solid-Supported Chiral Organocatalysts. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Finelli FG, Miranda LSM, de Souza ROMA. Expanding the toolbox of asymmetric organocatalysis by continuous-flow process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3708-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08748h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite all the organic chemistry reaction methodologies already developed for the continuous-flow process, asymmetric synthesis is one that has gained less attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G. Finelli
- Institute of Natural Products Research
- Center of Health Sciences
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- CEP 21941902
- Brazil
| | - Leandro S. M. Miranda
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group
- Chemistry Institute
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- CEP 21941909
- Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O. M. A. de Souza
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group
- Chemistry Institute
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- CEP 21941909
- Brazil
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16
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Demuynck ALW, Goesten MG, Ramos-Fernandez EV, Dusselier M, Vanderleyden J, Kapteijn F, Gascon J, Sels BF. Induced Chirality in a Metal-Organic Framework by Postsynthetic Modification for Highly Selective Asymmetric Aldol Reactions. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Ricci A. Asymmetric organocatalysis at the service of medicinal chemistry. ISRN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:531695. [PMID: 24971178 PMCID: PMC4041019 DOI: 10.1155/2014/531695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of the most representative and up-to-date examples of homogeneous asymmetric organocatalysis to the synthesis of molecules of interest in medicinal chemistry is reported. The use of different types of organocatalysts operative via noncovalent and covalent interactions is critically reviewed and the possibility of running some of these reactions on large or industrial scale is described. A comparison between the organo- and metal-catalysed methodologies is offered in several cases, thus highlighting the merits and drawbacks of these two complementary approaches to the obtainment of very popular on market drugs or of related key scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ricci
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, School of Science, University of Bologna, V. Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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18
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Szőllősi G, Csámpai A, Somlai C, Fekete M, Bartók M. Unusual enantioselectivities in heterogeneous organocatalyzed reactions: Reversal of direction using proline di- versus tri-peptides in the aldol addition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Gurka A, Bucsi I, Kovács L, Szőllősi G, Bartók M. Reversal of the enantioselectivity in aldol addition over immobilized di- and tripeptides: studies under continuous flow conditions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reversal of the enantioselectivity in the heterogeneous asymmetric direct aldol reactions obtained over resin supported di- versus tripeptides was studied in a continuous-flow system.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Gurka
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Bucsi
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lenke Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Szőllősi
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group
- H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Bartók
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group
- H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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20
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Tsubogo T, Ishiwata T, Kobayashi S. Asymmetrische Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Kupplungen unter kontinuierlichen Durchflussbedingungen mit chiralen Heterogenkatalysatoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201210066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Tsubogo T, Ishiwata T, Kobayashi S. Asymmetric Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation under Continuous-Flow Conditions with Chiral Heterogeneous Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6590-604. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201210066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Bortolini O, Cavazzini A, Giovannini PP, Greco R, Marchetti N, Massi A, Pasti L. A combined kinetic and thermodynamic approach for the interpretation of continuous-flow heterogeneous catalytic processes. Chemistry 2013; 19:7802-8. [PMID: 23589216 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous proline-catalyzed aldol reaction was investigated under continuous-flow conditions by means of a packed-bed microreactor. Reaction-progress kinetic analysis (RPKA) was used in combination with nonlinear chromatography for the interpretation, under synthetically relevant conditions, of important mechanistic aspects of the heterogeneous catalytic process at a molecular level. The information gathered by RPKA and nonlinear chromatography proved to be highly complementary and allowed for the assessment of optimal operating variables. In particular, the determination of the rate-determining step was pivotal for optimizing the feed composition. On the other hand, the competitive product inhibition was responsible for the unexpected decrease in the reaction yield following an apparently obvious variation in the feed composition. The study was facilitated by a suitable 2D instrumental arrangement for simultaneous flow reaction and online flow-injection analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Zhao
- Bayer Technology & Engineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 82 Mu Hua Road, Shanghai Chemical Industry Park, Shanghai 201507, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuiling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
People’s Republic of China
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24
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Arakawa Y, Wennemers H. Enamine catalysis in flow with an immobilized peptidic catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:242-245. [PMID: 23161643 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pep talk: An immobilized peptidic catalyst achieves more than 600 turnovers in a continuous-flow system, allowing the production of chiral γ-nitroaldehydes with excellent stereoselectivities on a scale of >450 mmol (>100 g). Such a high efficiency opens the way for more practical applications of enamine catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Arakawa
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Gioia C, Ricci A, Bernardi L, Bourahla K, Tanchoux N, Robitzer M, Quignard F. Chitosan Aerogel Beads as a Heterogeneous Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in the Presence of Water: An Assessment of the Effect of Additives. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Heravi MM, Asadi S. Recent applications of organocatalysts in asymmetric aldol reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Asymmetric aldol reaction in a continuous-flow reactor catalyzed by a highly reusable heterogeneous peptide. J Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Abstract
Organocatalysts have been extensively studied for the past few decades as alternatives to transition-metal catalysts. Immobilizing organocatalysts on polymer supports allows easy recovery and simple product purification after a reaction. Select examples of recent reports that describe the potential advantages of using soluble polymers to prepare soluble polymer-supported organocatalysts useful in organic synthesis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chin Yang
- 1Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
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30
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Ayats C, Henseler AH, Pericàs MA. A solid-supported organocatalyst for continuous-flow enantioselective aldol reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:320-5. [PMID: 22442839 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric aldol reactions catalyzed by a novel polystyrene-immobilized proline derivative occur in short reaction times with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and shows very high reusability. The high activity depicted by the supported catalyst and its chemical and mechanical stability have allowed its application in packed-bed reactors for continuous flow processing. This system can produce enantio- and diastereomerically pure aldol adducts under continuous flow conditions with a residence time of 26 min. Furthermore, the reactor allowed processing of four different aldol products in sequence without any decrease in both catalytic activity and optical purity. The effective catalyst loading could be reduced to 1.6% (six-fold reduction of catalyst loading compared to the corresponding batch process).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Ayats
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Tarragona, Spain
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31
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Montroni E, Sanap SP, Lombardo M, Quintavalla A, Trombini C, Dhavale DD. A New Robust and Efficient Ion-Tagged Proline Catalyst Carrying an Amide Spacer for the Asymmetric Aldol Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Wu C, Fu X, Li S. Simple and inexpensive threonine-based organocatalysts for the highly diastereo- and enantioselective direct large-scale syn-aldol and anti-Mannich reactions of α-hydroxyacetone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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