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Bortolamiol E, Botter E, Cavarzerani E, Mauceri M, Demitri N, Rizzolio F, Visentin F, Scattolin T. Rational Design of Palladium(II) Indenyl and Allyl Complexes Bearing Phosphine and Isocyanide Ancillary Ligands with Promising Antitumor Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:345. [PMID: 38257258 PMCID: PMC10819880 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A new class of palladium-indenyl complexes characterized by the presence of one bulky alkyl isocyanide and one aryl phosphine serving as ancillary ligands has been prepared, presenting high yields and selectivity. All the new products were completely characterized using spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques (NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS), and, for most of them, it was also possible to define their solid-state structures via X-ray diffractometry, revealing that the indenyl fragment always binds to the metal centre with a hapticity intermediate between ƞ3 and ƞ5. A reactivity study carried out using piperidine as a nucleophilic agent proved that the indenyl moiety is the eligible site of attack rather than the isocyanide ligand or the metal centre. All complexes were tested as potential anticancer agents against three ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, A2780cis, and OVCAR-5) and one breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231), displaying comparable activity with respect to cisplatin, which was used as a positive control. Moreover, the similar cytotoxicity observed towards A2780 and A2780cis cells (cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant, respectively) suggests that our palladium derivatives presumably act with a mechanism of action different than that of the clinically approved platinum drugs. For comparison, we also synthesized Pd-ƞ3-allyl derivatives, which generally showed a slightly higher activity towards ovarian cancer cells and lower activity towards breast cancer cells with respect to their Pd-indenyl congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bortolamiol
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia, Italy; (E.B.); (E.B.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Eleonora Botter
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia, Italy; (E.B.); (E.B.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia, Italy; (E.B.); (E.B.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Matteo Mauceri
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia, Italy; (E.B.); (E.B.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia, Italy; (E.B.); (E.B.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (F.R.)
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia, Italy; (E.B.); (E.B.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Gundekari S, Karmee SK. Catalytic Conversion of Levulinic Acid into 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:242. [PMID: 38202825 PMCID: PMC10780552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomass-derived furanics play a pivotal role in chemical industries, with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF), a hydrogenated product of levulinic acid (LA), being particularly significant. 2-MTHF finds valuable applications in the fuel, polymer, and chemical sectors, serving as a key component in P-series biofuel and acknowledged as a renewable solvent for various chemical processes. Numerous research groups have explored catalytic systems to efficiently and selectively convert LA to 2-MTHF, using diverse metal-supported catalysts in different solvents under batch or continuous process conditions. This comprehensive review delves into the impact of metal-supported catalysts, encompassing co-metals and co-catalysts, on the synthesis of 2-MTHF from LA. The article also elucidates the influence of different reaction parameters, such as temperature, type and quantity of hydrogen source, and time. Furthermore, the review provides insights into reaction mechanisms for all documented catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedhar Gundekari
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, KL (Deemed to be) University, R.V.S Nagar, Moinabad-Chilkur Rd, Aziznagar 500075, Telangana, India
| | - Sanjib Kumar Karmee
- The Odisha Renewable Energy Research Institute (ORERI), Subarnapur 767018, Odisha, India
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3
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Gao P, Rahman MM, Zamalloa A, Feliciano J, Szostak M. Classes of Amides that Undergo Selective N-C Amide Bond Activation: The Emergence of Ground-State Destabilization. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13371-13391. [PMID: 36054817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ground-state destabilization of the N-C(O) linkage represents a powerful tool to functionalize the historically inert amide bond. This burgeoning reaction manifold relies on the availability of amide bond precursors that participate in weakening of the nN → π*C=O conjugation through N-C twisting, N pyramidalization, and nN electronic delocalization. Since 2015, acyl N-C amide bond activation through ground-state destabilization of the amide bond has been achieved by transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative addition of the N-C(O) bond, generation of acyl radicals, and transition-metal-free acyl addition. This Perspective summarizes contributions of our laboratory in the development of new ground-state-destabilized amide precursors enabled by twist and electronic activation of the amide bond and synthetic utility of ground-state-destabilized amides in cross-coupling reactions and acyl addition reactions. The use of ground-state-destabilized amides as electrophiles enables a plethora of previously unknown transformations of the amide bond, such as acyl coupling, decarbonylative coupling, radical coupling, and transition-metal-free coupling to forge new C-C, C-N, C-O, C-S, C-P, and C-B bonds. Structural studies of activated amides and catalytic systems developed in the past decade enable the view of the amide bond to change from the "traditionally inert" to "readily modifiable" functional group with a continuum of reactivity dictated by ground-state destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Alfredo Zamalloa
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jessica Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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4
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Liu C, Szostak M. Amide N-C Bond Activation: A Graphical Overview of Acyl and Decarbonylative Coupling. SYNOPEN 2023; 7:88-101. [PMID: 38037650 PMCID: PMC10686541 DOI: 10.1055/a-2035-6733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This Graphical Review provides an overview of amide bond activation achieved by selective oxidative addition of the N-C(O) acyl bond to transition metals and nucleophilic acyl addition, resulting in acyl and decarbonylative coupling together with key mechanistic details pertaining to amide bond distortion underlying this reactivity manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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5
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Zhang J, Rahman M, Zhao Q, Feliciano J, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Nickel(II) from Caffeine and Theophylline: Sustainable Alternative to Imidazol-2-ylidenes. Organometallics 2022; 41:1806-1815. [PMID: 36213557 PMCID: PMC9534456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Xanthines, such as caffeine and theophylline, are abundant natural products that are often present in foods. Leveraging renewable and benign resources for ligand design in organometallic chemistry and catalysis is one of the major missions of green and sustainable chemistry. In this Special Issue on Sustainable Organometallic Chemistry, we report the first nickel-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from Xanthines. Well-defined, air- and moisture-stable, half-sandwich, cyclopentadienyl [CpNi(NHC)I] nickel-NHC complexes are prepared from the natural products caffeine and theophylline. The model complex has been characterized by x-ray crystallography. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties is presented. High activity in the model Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is demonstrated. The data show that nickel-N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from both Earth abundant 3d transition metal and renewable natural products represent a sustainable alternative to the classical imidazol-2-ylidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jessica Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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6
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Hu Z, Wang Y, Ma P, Wu X, Wang J. Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Cross-Coupling of Aromatic Esters with Arylboronic Acids via Chelation Assistance. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21537-21545. [PMID: 35785273 PMCID: PMC9245102 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
10-Arylbenzo[h]quinolines were synthesized by cross-coupling of ethyl benzo[h]quinoline-10-carboxylate with arylboronic acids via group-directed Ni(0) catalyzation. The catalytic system combining Ni(COD)2 (10 mol %) with PCy3 (20 mol %) and t-BuOK (3 equiv) was optimal for the above transformations. A series of arylboronic acids reacted with ethyl benzo[h]quinoline-10-carboxylates for the production of various substituted 10-phenyl[h]quinolines in moderate and good yields under optimized reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Peng Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiaqian Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Institute
of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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7
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Liu Y, Voloshkin VA, Scattolin T, Peng M, Van Hecke K, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. Versatile and highly efficient trans‐[Pd(NHC)Cl2(DMS/THT)] precatalysts for C‐C and C‐N coupling reactions in green solvents. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Liu
- Universiteit Gent Chemistry BELGIUM
| | | | | | - Min Peng
- Universiteit Gent Chemistry BELGIUM
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8
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Jordan A, Hall CGJ, Thorp LR, Sneddon HF. Replacement of Less-Preferred Dipolar Aprotic and Ethereal Solvents in Synthetic Organic Chemistry with More Sustainable Alternatives. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6749-6794. [PMID: 35201751 PMCID: PMC9098182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents comprise just over 40% of all organic solvents utilized in synthetic organic, medicinal, and process chemistry. Unfortunately, many of the common "go-to" solvents are considered to be "less-preferable" for a number of environmental, health, and safety (EHS) reasons such as toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or for practical handling reasons such as flammability and volatility. Recent legislative changes have initiated the implementation of restrictions on the use of many of the commonly employed dipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), and for ethers such as 1,4-dioxane. Thus, with growing legislative, EHS, and societal pressures, the need to identify and implement the use of alternative solvents that are greener, safer, and more sustainable has never been greater. Within this review, the ubiquitous nature of dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents is discussed with respect to the physicochemical properties that have made them so appealing to synthetic chemists. An overview of the current legislative restrictions being imposed on the use of dipolar aprotic and ethereal solvents is discussed. A variety of alternative, safer, and more sustainable solvents that have garnered attention over the past decade are then examined, and case studies and examples where less-preferable solvents have been successfully replaced with a safer and more sustainable alternative are highlighted. Finally, a general overview and guidance for solvent selection and replacement are included in the Supporting Information of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jordan
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratory, 6 Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2GA, U.K
| | - Callum G J Hall
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland G1 1XL, U.K.,GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Lee R Thorp
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Helen F Sneddon
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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9
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Yi W, Sun W, Hu X, Liu C, Jin L. Recent Advance of Ketones Synthesis from Carboxylic Esters. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202201028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Liu Y, Scattolin T, Gobbo A, Beliš M, Van Hecke K, Nolan SP, Cazin CSJ. A Simple Synthetic Route to Well‐Defined [Pd(NHC)Cl(1‐
t
Bu‐indenyl)] Pre‐catalysts for Cross‐Coupling Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Alberto Gobbo
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Marek Beliš
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
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11
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Ma X, Guillet SG, Liu Y, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. Simple synthesis of [Ru(CO 3)(NHC)( p-cymene)] complexes and their use in transfer hydrogenation catalysis. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13012-13019. [PMID: 34581364 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel, efficient and facile protocol for the synthesis of a series of [Ru(NHC)(CO3)(p-cymene)] complexes is reported. This family of Ru-NHC complexes was obtained from imidazol(in)ium tetrafluoroborate or imidazolium hydrogen carbonate salts in moderate to excellent yields, employing sustainable weak base. The ruthenium complexes were successfully utilized in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones as highly active multifunctional catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sébastien G Guillet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yaxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Xie. P, Qin Z, Zhang S, Hong X. Understanding the Structure‐Activity Relationship of Ni‐Catalyzed Amide C−N Bond Activation using Distortion/Interaction Analysis. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Pei Xie.
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Zhi‐Xin Qin
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Shuo‐Qing Zhang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
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13
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Dardir AH, Casademont-Reig I, Balcells D, Ellefsen JD, Espinosa MR, Hazari N, Smith NE. Synthesis of Triarylmethanes via Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions of Diarylmethyl Esters. Organometallics 2021; 40:2332-2344. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amira H. Dardir
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Irene Casademont-Reig
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - David Balcells
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan D. Ellefsen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Matthew R. Espinosa
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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14
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Akkoç S. Importance of some factors on the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Akkoç
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences Suleyman Demirel University Isparta Turkey
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15
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Liu Y, Voloshkin VA, Scattolin T, Cavallo L, Dereli B, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. Conversion of Pd(I) off-cycle species into highly efficient cross-coupling catalysts. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5420-5427. [PMID: 33908994 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00929j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the facile conversion of [Pd2(μ-Cl)(μ-η3-R-allyl)(NHC)2] complexes, which are commonly considered undesirable off-cycle species in cross-coupling reactions, into active [PdCl(μ-Cl)(NHC)]2 pre-catalysts. All reactions proceed under mild conditions (40 °C, 1-2 hours in acetone) using inexpensive HCl as both an oxidant and chloride source. DFT calculations were performed to explore the possible mechanism of this transformation, which appears to involve a combination of two different pathways. Moreover this study provides insights into factors favoring and hindering Pd(i) dimer formation undesirable in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Vladislav A Voloshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Centre, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal-23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Busra Dereli
- KAUST Catalysis Centre, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal-23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Synthesis of stable α-fluoromethyl putative carbanions via a chemoselective reduction-monofluoromethylation sequence of diselenides under sustainable conditions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Ielo L, Miele M, Pillari V, Senatore R, Mirabile S, Gitto R, Holzer W, Alcántara AR, Pace V. Taking advantage of lithium monohalocarbenoid intrinsic α-elimination in 2-MeTHF: controlled epoxide ring-opening en route to halohydrins. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2038-2043. [PMID: 33599644 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic degradative α-elimination of Li carbenoids somehow complicates their use in synthesis as C1-synthons. Nevertheless, we herein report how boosting such an α-elimination is a straightforward strategy for accomplishing controlled ring-opening of epoxides to furnish the corresponding β-halohydrins. Crucial for the development of the method is the use of the eco-friendly solvent 2-MeTHF, which forces the degradation of the incipient monohalolithium, due to the very limited stabilizing effect of this solvent on the chemical integrity of the carbenoid. With this approach, high yields of the targeted compounds are consistently obtained under very high regiocontrol and, despite the basic nature of the reagents, no racemization of enantiopure materials is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. and University of Turin - Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Miele
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Veronica Pillari
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Salvatore Mirabile
- University of Messina - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Palatucci, 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- University of Messina - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Palatucci, 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- Complutense University of Madrid - Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. and University of Turin - Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
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18
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Simoens A, Scattolin T, Cauwenbergh T, Pisanò G, Cazin CSJ, Stevens CV, Nolan SP. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Metal–NHC Complexes**. Chemistry 2021; 27:5653-5657. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Simoens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Synthesis Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group Ghent University Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thibault Cauwenbergh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Gianmarco Pisanò
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Synthesis Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group Ghent University Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
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19
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He Z, Wang Z, Ru J, Wang Y, Liu T, Zeng Z. A Strategy for Accessing Aldehydes
via
Palladium‐Catalyzed C−O/C−N Bond Cleavage in the Presence of Hydrosilanes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu He
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zijia Wang
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Ru
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Wang
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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20
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Lei P, Li G, Szostak M, Ling Y, An J, Nolan SP. Protocol for Palladium/N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Amides by N–C(O) Activation. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAmides are among the most important and ubiquitous functional groups in organic chemistry and process development. In this Practical Synthetic Procedure, a protocol for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of amides by selective N–C(O) bond activation catalyzed by commercially available, air- and moisture-stable palladium/N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes is described. The procedure described involves [Pd(IPr)(cin)Cl] [IPr = 2,6-(diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene, cin = cinnamyl] at 0.10 mol% at room temperature and is performed on decagram scale. Furthermore, a procedure for the synthesis of amide starting materials is accomplished via selective N-tert-butoxycarbonylation, which is the preferred method over N-acylation. The present protocol carries advantages of operational simplicity, commercial availability of catalysts, and excellent conversions at low catalyst loadings. The method is generally useful for activation of N–C(O) amide bonds in a broad spectrum of amide precursors. The protocol should facilitate the implementation of amide cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University
| | | | | | - Yun Ling
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University
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21
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Idris MA, Lee S. Palladium-Catalyzed Amide N–C Hiyama Cross-Coupling: Synthesis of Ketones. Org Lett 2020; 22:9190-9195. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aliyu Idris
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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22
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Mulks FF, Bole LJ, Davin L, Hernán‐Gómez A, Kennedy A, García‐Álvarez J, Hevia E. Ambient Moisture Accelerates Hydroamination Reactions of Vinylarenes with Alkali‐Metal Amides under Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian F. Mulks
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie (DCB) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Leonie J. Bole
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie (DCB) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Laia Davin
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St G11XL Glasgow UK
| | - Alberto Hernán‐Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgańica y Química Inorgańica Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid Spain
| | - Alan Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St G11XL Glasgow UK
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC) Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie (DCB) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St G11XL Glasgow UK
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23
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Mulks FF, Bole LJ, Davin L, Hernán‐Gómez A, Kennedy A, García‐Álvarez J, Hevia E. Ambient Moisture Accelerates Hydroamination Reactions of Vinylarenes with Alkali‐Metal Amides under Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19021-19026. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian F. Mulks
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie (DCB) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Leonie J. Bole
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie (DCB) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Laia Davin
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St G11XL Glasgow UK
| | - Alberto Hernán‐Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgańica y Química Inorgańica Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid Spain
| | - Alan Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St G11XL Glasgow UK
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC) Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie (DCB) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral St G11XL Glasgow UK
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24
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25
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Robust NHC-palladacycles-catalyzed Suzuki−Miyaura cross-coupling of amides via C-N activation. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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26
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Sherwood J. Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling is not an informative reaction to demonstrate the performance of new solvents. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1001-1005. [PMID: 32509031 PMCID: PMC7237806 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and study of new solvents has become important due to a proliferation of regulations preventing or limiting the use of many conventional solvents. In this work, the suitability of the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction to demonstrate the usefulness of new solvents was evaluated, including Cyrene™, dimethyl isosorbide, ethyl lactate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), propylene carbonate, and γ-valerolactone (GVL). It was found that the cross coupling is often unaffected by the choice of solvent, and therefore the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction provides limited information regarding the usefulness of any particular solvent for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Sherwood
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
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27
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Wang CA, Liu C, Szostak M. N-Acyl-5,5-Dimethylhydantoins: Mild Acyl-Transfer Reagents for the Synthesis of Ketones Using Pd–PEPPSI or Pd/Phosphine Catalysts. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Tai’an, Shandong 271000, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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28
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Tang Z, Luo Z, Wu H, Liu T, Zhu Y, Zeng Z. Water Phase, Room Temperature, Ligand-Free Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling: A Green Gateway to Aryl Ketones by C-N Bond Cleavage. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Zijia Wang
- College of Chemistry; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Zhao Tang
- Class Zheng, International Department; The Affiliated High School of SCNU; 516006 Guangzhou China
| | - Zhongfeng Luo
- College of Chemistry; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Wu
- College of Chemistry; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Chemistry; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- College of Chemistry; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- College of Chemistry; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Science; 345 LingLing Road 200032 Shanghai China
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