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Ghosh A, Mondal M, Nath Manna R, Bhaumik A. Targeted synthesis of a metal-free thiadiazolate based nitrogen and sulfur rich porous organic polymer for an unprecedented hydrogen evolution in the electrochemical water splitting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:415-424. [PMID: 38118188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Water splitting is a long-standing quest to material research for mitigating the global energy crisis. Despite high efficiency shown by several high cost noble metal containing electrocatalysts in the water splitting reaction, scientists are focused on alternate metal-free carbon or polymer based materials with comparable activity to make the process economical. In this article, we have strategically designed a noble metal-free thiadiazole (TDA) and triazine (Trz) linked porous organic polymer (TDA-Trz-POP) having N- and S-rich surface. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), solid state 13C magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analyses have been performed to predict its probable framework structure. This scrunch paper type TDA-Trz-POP shows an extravagant potential for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a low overpotential (129.2 mV w.r.t. RHE for 10 mA cm-2 current density) and low Tafel slope (82.1 mV deg-1). Again, this metal-free catalyst shows oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 410 mV overpotential w.r.t RHE for 10 mA cm-2 current density with a lower Tafel slope of 104.5 mV deg-1. This bifunctional activity was further tested in two electrodes set-up under different pH conditions. The porosity seems to be a blessing in the electrocatalytic performance of this metal-free electrocatalyst material. Further, the mystery behind the activity of both HER and OER has been resolved through the density functional theory (DFT) analysis. This work provides an insight to the material scientists for low cost, metal-free material design for the efficient water splitting reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghosh
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mousumi Mondal
- Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Rabindra Nath Manna
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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2
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Tran DD, Vuong HT, Nguyen DV, Ly PP, Minh Phan PD, Khoi VH, Mai PT, Hieu NH. Revisiting the roles of dopants in g-C 3N 4 nanostructures for piezo-photocatalytic production of H 2O 2: a case study of selenium and sulfur. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2327-2340. [PMID: 37056618 PMCID: PMC10089114 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from oxygen and water has become an exciting research hotspot in the scientific community due to the importance of this fine chemical in various fields. Besides, piezo-photocatalysis is an emerging star for generating H2O2 from these green reagents. For developing catalysts for this specific application, doping heteroatoms into carbon-based materials such as graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) is a growing fascination among worldwide scientists. However, systematic study on the effects of doping precursors on the catalytic results is still rare. Herein, we fabricated sulfur (S) and selenium (Se) doped g-C3N4 with various doping precursors to evaluate the effects of these agents on the production of H2O2 under light and ultrasound irradiation. Based on the results, Se-doped g-C3N4 gave an outstanding catalytic performance compared to S-doped g-C3N4, even in a significantly low quantity of Se. In order to fully understand the chemical, physical, optical, and electronic properties of pristine g-C3N4 and its derivatives, the as-prepared materials were thoroughly analyzed with various tools. Thus, this study would give more profound insights into doping techniques for carbon-based materials and encourage further research on the design and development of piezo-photocatalysts for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dat Do Tran
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Hoai-Thanh Vuong
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Duc-Viet Nguyen
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan Ulsan South Korea
| | - Pho Phuong Ly
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Pham Duc Minh Phan
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Vu Hoang Khoi
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan Ulsan South Korea
| | - Phong Thanh Mai
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Hieu
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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3
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Barrio J, Pedersen A, Favero S, Luo H, Wang M, Sarma SC, Feng J, Ngoc LTT, Kellner S, Li AY, Jorge Sobrido AB, Titirici MM. Bioinspired and Bioderived Aqueous Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2311-2348. [PMID: 36354420 PMCID: PMC9999430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and sustainable electrochemical systems able to provide clean-energy fuels and chemicals is one of the main current challenges of materials science and engineering. Over the last decades, significant advances have been made in the development of robust electrocatalysts for different reactions, with fundamental insights from both computational and experimental work. Some of the most promising systems in the literature are based on expensive and scarce platinum-group metals; however, natural enzymes show the highest per-site catalytic activities, while their active sites are based exclusively on earth-abundant metals. Additionally, natural biomass provides a valuable feedstock for producing advanced carbonaceous materials with porous hierarchical structures. Utilizing resources and design inspiration from nature can help create more sustainable and cost-effective strategies for manufacturing cost-effective, sustainable, and robust electrochemical materials and devices. This review spans from materials to device engineering; we initially discuss the design of carbon-based materials with bioinspired features (such as enzyme active sites), the utilization of biomass resources to construct tailored carbon materials, and their activity in aqueous electrocatalysis for water splitting, oxygen reduction, and CO2 reduction. We then delve in the applicability of bioinspired features in electrochemical devices, such as the engineering of bioinspired mass transport and electrode interfaces. Finally, we address remaining challenges, such as the stability of bioinspired active sites or the activity of metal-free carbon materials, and discuss new potential research directions that can open the gates to the implementation of bioinspired sustainable materials in electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Barrio
- Department
of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial
College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
| | - Angus Pedersen
- Department
of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial
College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
| | - Silvia Favero
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
| | - Hui Luo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
| | - Mengnan Wang
- Department
of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial
College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
| | - Saurav Ch. Sarma
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
| | - Jingyu Feng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, LondonE1 4NS, England, U.K.
| | - Linh Tran Thi Ngoc
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, LondonE1 4NS, England, U.K.
| | - Simon Kellner
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
| | - Alain You Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
| | - Ana Belén Jorge Sobrido
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, LondonE1 4NS, England, U.K.
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.
- Advanced
Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi980-8577, Japan
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4
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Wang L, Li R, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Xiao X, Zhang Z, Chen T, Zhao Y. Tetracycline degradation mechanism of peroxymonosulfate activated by oxygen-doped carbon nitride. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6368-6377. [PMID: 36845579 PMCID: PMC9943927 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00345k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, oxygen-doped carbon nitride (O-C3N4) was prepared by thermal polymerization and was applied to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for tetracycline (TC) degradation. Experiments were performed to comprehensively evaluate the degradation performance and mechanism. The oxygen atom replaced the nitrogen atom of the triazine structure, which improves the specific surface area of the catalyst, enriches the pore structure and achieves higher electron transport capacity. The characterization results showed that 0.4 O-C3N4 had the best physicochemical properties, and the degradation experiments showed that the 0.4 O-C3N4/PMS system had a higher TC removal rate in 120 min (89.94%) than the unmodified graphitic-phase C3N4/PMS system (52.04%). Cycling experiments showed that O-C3N4 has good reusability and structural stability. Free radical quenching experiments showed that the O-C3N4/PMS system had free radical and non-radical pathways for TC degradation and that the main active species was singlet oxygen (1O2). Intermediate product analysis showed that TC was mineralized to H2O and CO2 mainly by the ring opening, deamination, and demethylation reactions. The results of this study show that the 0.4 O-C3N4/PMS system is simple to prepare and is efficient at removing TC from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing 210042 China +86 13951930765
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China +86 15961238081
| | - Ruyi Li
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing 210042 China +86 13951930765
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing 210042 China +86 13951930765
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China +86 15961238081
| | - Yuexiang Gao
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing 210042 China +86 13951930765
| | - Xian Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China +86 15961238081
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing 210042 China +86 13951930765
| | - Ting Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing 210042 China +86 13951930765
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China +86 15961238081
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5
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Zhou B, Gao R, Zou JJ, Yang H. Surface Design Strategy of Catalysts for Water Electrolysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202336. [PMID: 35665595 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen, a new energy carrier that can replace traditional fossil fuels, is seen as one of the most promising clean energy sources. The use of renewable electricity to drive hydrogen production has very broad prospects for addressing energy and environmental problems. Therefore, many researchers favor electrolytic water due to its green and low-cost advantages. The electrolytic water reaction comprises the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Understanding the OER and HER mechanisms in acidic and alkaline processes contributes to further studying the design of surface regulation of electrolytic water catalysts. The OER and HER catalysts are mainly reviewed for defects, doping, alloying, surface reconstruction, crystal surface structure, and heterostructures. Besides, recent catalysts for overall water splitting are also reviewed. Finally, this review paves the way to the rational design and synthesis of new materials for highly efficient electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ruijie Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ji-Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 200237, China
| | - Huaming Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 200237, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Mineral Materials and Application, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- State Key Lab of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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6
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Singh D, Raj KK, Azad UP, Pandey R. In situ transformed three heteroleptic Co(II)-MOFs as potential electrocatalysts for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Liu J, Wang C, Song Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z, He L, Du M. Two-dimensional triazine-based porous framework as a novel metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst for zinc-air batty. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 591:253-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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8
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Peramaiah K, Ramalingam V, Fu HC, Alsabban MM, Ahmad R, Cavallo L, Tung V, Huang KW, He JH. Optically and Electrocatalytically Decoupled Si Photocathodes with a Porous Carbon Nitride Catalyst for Nitrogen Reduction with Over 61.8% Faradaic Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100812. [PMID: 33792108 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical (PEC) approach is attractive as a promising route for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) toward ammonia (NH3 ) synthesis. However, the challenges in synergistic management of optical, electrical, and catalytic properties have limited the efficiency of PEC NRR devices. Herein, to enhance light-harvesting, carrier separation/transport, and the catalytic reactions, a concept of decoupling light-harvesting and electrocatalysis by employing a cascade n+ np+ -Si photocathode is implemented. Such a decoupling design not only abolishes the parasitic light blocking but also concurrently improves the optical and electrical properties of the n+ np+ -Si photocathode without compromising the efficiency. Experimental and density functional theory studies reveal that the porous architecture and N-vacancies promote N2 adsorption of the Au/porous carbon nitride (PCN) catalyst. Impressively, an n+ np+ -Si photocathode integrating the Au/PCN catalyst exhibits an outstanding PEC NRR performance with maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 61.8% and NH3 production yield of 13.8 µg h-1 cm-2 at -0.10 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is the highest FE at low applied potential ever reported for the PEC NRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Peramaiah
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinoth Ramalingam
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hui-Chun Fu
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Merfat M Alsabban
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21959, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafia Ahmad
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent Tung
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jr-Hau He
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, SAR 999077, Hong Kong
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9
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Jiang S, Li J, Fang J, Wang X. Fibrous-Structured Freestanding Electrodes for Oxygen Electrocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e1903760. [PMID: 31854101 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysts used for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions are critical materials in many renewable-energy devices, such as rechargeable metal-air batteries, regenerative fuel cells, and water-splitting systems. Compared with conventional electrodes made from catalyst powders, oxygen electrodes with a freestanding architecture are highly desirable because of their binder-free fabrication and effective elimination of catalyst agglomeration. Among all freestanding electrode structures that have been investigated so far, fibrous materials exhibit many unique advantages, such as a wide range of available fibers, low material and material-processing costs, large specific surface area, highly porous structure, and simplicity of fiber functionalization. Recent advances in the use of fibrous structures for freestanding electrocatalytic oxygen electrodes are summarized, including electrospun nanofibers, bacterial cellulose, cellulose fibrous structures, carbon clothes/papers, metal nanowires, and metal meshes. After detailed discussion of common techniques for oxygen electrode evaluation, freestanding electrode fabrication, and their electrocatalytic performance, current challenges and future prospects are also presented for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Jingliang Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Jian Fang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Xungai Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia
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10
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Jang H, Chung S, Lee J. In situ demonstration of anodic interface degradation during water electrolysis: Corrosion and passivation. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Noor T, Yaqoob L, Iqbal N. Recent Advances in Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Evolution Reaction using Noble‐Metal, Transition‐Metal, and Carbon‐Based Materials. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Noor
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Lubna Yaqoob
- School of Natural Sciences (SNS) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Naseem Iqbal
- U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H-12 Campus Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
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12
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Abstract
This study examines how the several major industries, associated with a carbon artifact production, essentially belong to one, closely knit family. The common parents are the geological fossils called petroleum and coal. The study also reviews the major developments in carbon nanotechnology and electrocatalysis over the last 30 years or so. In this context, the development of various carbon materials with size, dopants, shape, and structure designed to achieve high catalytic electroactivity is reported, and among them recent carbon electrodes with many important features are presented together with their relevant applications in chemical technology, neurochemical monitoring, electrode kinetics, direct carbon fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and supercapattery.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A C Sequeira
- CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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13
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Njoku CB, Kriek RJ. Sol-gel Synthesis of Ce0.8Sr0.2Co1-(x+y)NixFeyO3-δ (x = 0.1, 0.2, and y = 0.2, 0.5, 0.7)—a Nanocomposite-Type Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-020-00624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Riyajuddin S, Tarik Aziz SK, Kumar S, Nessim GD, Ghosh K. 3D‐Graphene Decorated with g‐C
3
N
4
/Cu
3
P Composite: A Noble Metal‐free Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sk. Riyajuddin
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology Mohali (160062 India
| | - S. K. Tarik Aziz
- Department of Chemistry Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA)Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology Mohali (160062 India
| | - Gilbert D. Nessim
- Department of Chemistry Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA)Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology Mohali (160062 India
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15
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Huang Y, Wang Y, Tang C, Wang J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhang J. Atomic Modulation and Structure Design of Carbons for Bifunctional Electrocatalysis in Metal-Air Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803800. [PMID: 30247779 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the extensive research and development of renewable energy technologies, there is an increasing interest in developing metal-free carbons as a new class of bifunctional electrocatalysts for boosting the performance of metal-air batteries. Along with significant understanding of the electrocatalytic nature and the rapid development of techniques, the activities of carbon electrocatalysts are well-tailored by introducing particular dopants/defects and structure regulation. Herein, the recent advances regarding the rational design of carbon-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction are summarized, with a special focus on the bifunctional applications in Zn-air and Li-air batteries. Specifically, the atomic modulation strategies to regulate the electrocatalytic activities of carbons and structure modification are summarized to gain deep insights into bifunctional mechanisms and boost advanced Zn-air and Li-air batteries. The current challenges and future perspectives are also addressed to accelerate the exploration of promising bifunctional carbon catalysts for renewable energy technologies, particularly metal-air batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yueqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yaobing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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16
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Liu D, Dai L, Lin X, Chen JF, Zhang J, Feng X, Müllen K, Zhu X, Dai S. Chemical Approaches to Carbon-Based Metal-Free Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804863. [PMID: 30644998 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly active and durable catalysts play a key role in clean energy technologies. However, the high cost, low reserves, and poor stability of noble-metal-based catalysts have hindered the large-scale development of renewable energy. Owing to their low cost, earth abundance, high activity, and excellent stability, carbon-based metal-free catalysts (CMFCs) are promising alternatives to precious-metal-based catalysts. Although many synthetic methods based on solution, surface/interface, solid state, and noncovalent chemistries have been developed for producing numerous CMFCs with diverse structures and functionalities, there is still a lack of effective approaches to precisely control the structures of active sites. Therefore, novel chemical approaches are needed for the development of highly active and durable CMFCs that are capable of replacing precious-metal catalysts for large-scale applications. Herein, a comprehensive and critical review on chemical approaches to CMFCs is given by summarizing important advancements, current challenges, and future perspectives in this emerging field. Through such a critical review, our understanding of CMFCs and the associated synthetic processes will be significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- BUCT-CWRU International Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liming Dai
- BUCT-CWRU International Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4Carbon), Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xuanni Lin
- BUCT-CWRU International Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- BUCT-CWRU International Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (Cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (Cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37831, USA
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17
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Co-CoO-Co3O4/N-doped carbon derived from metal-organic framework: The addition of carbon black for boosting oxygen electrocatalysis and Zn-Air battery. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Shaheer ARM, Karthik P, Karthik G, Shankar MV, Neppolian B. Dual role of a g-C3N4/carbon intra-Schottky junction in charge carrier generation and separation for efficient solar H2 production. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00757a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intra-Schottky junction facilitated charge carrier generation and separation in g-C3N4 for efficient solar H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Mahammed Shaheer
- SRM Research Institute
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- Chennai – 603203
- India
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology
| | - P. Karthik
- SRM Research Institute
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- Chennai – 603203
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - G. Karthik
- Department of Nuclear Physics
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600024
- India
| | - M. V. Shankar
- Nanocatalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- Yogi Vemana University
- Kadapa – 516005
- India
| | - B. Neppolian
- SRM Research Institute
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- Chennai – 603203
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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19
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Pang J, Mendes RG, Bachmatiuk A, Zhao L, Ta HQ, Gemming T, Liu H, Liu Z, Rummeli MH. Applications of 2D MXenes in energy conversion and storage systems. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:72-133. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00324f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 978] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of MXene materials and their energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Pang
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)
- University of Jinan
| | - Rafael G. Mendes
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
| | - Alicja Bachmatiuk
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
| | - Liang Zhao
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
- School of Energy
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Huy Q. Ta
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
- School of Energy
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Thomas Gemming
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
- School of Energy
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Mark H. Rummeli
- The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)
- Dresden
- Germany
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province
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20
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Yang J, Du M, Wang L, Li S, Wang G, Yang X, Zhang L, Fang Y, Zheng W, Yang G, Jiang X. Bacterial Cellulose as a Supersoft Neural Interfacing Substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33049-33059. [PMID: 30208275 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible neural interfaces hold great promise for treating neurological disorders and enhancing the mental and physical ability of human beings. Most of the currently available neural interfaces are made from rigid, dense inorganic materials that cause tissue damage. We present supersoft multichannel electrodes by depositing gold layers on thin bacterial cellulose (BC) (Au-BC electrodes). The Young's modulus of BC ( EBC = 120 kPa) is between those of the brain tissue ( Ebrain = 2.7-3.1 kPa) and the peripheral neural tissues ( Eperipheral nerve = 580-840 kPa). The bending stiffness of the Au-BC electrodes corresponds to 1/5200 of Au-polyimide electrodes with the same layout. Furthermore, the Au-BC electrodes are highly durable (conductivity >95% after 100 cycles of 180° bending). In vivo recording of brain electric activity demonstrates the great potential of the Au-BC electrodes for neural interfacing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchuan Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , Beijing , 100190 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nano-Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , 430074 , China
| | - Mingde Du
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , Beijing , 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Le Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , Beijing , 100190 , China
| | - Sixiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nano-Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , 430074 , China
| | - Guorui Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , Beijing , 100190 , China
| | - Xinglong Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , Beijing , 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , Beijing , 100190 , China
| | - Ying Fang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , Beijing , 100190 , China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , Beijing , 100190 , China
| | - Guang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nano-Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , 430074 , China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , Beijing , 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
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21
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Ren JT, Chen L, Weng CC, Yuan GG, Yuan ZY. Well-Defined Mo 2C Nanoparticles Embedded in Porous N-Doped Carbon Matrix for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33276-33286. [PMID: 30204413 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On the design of efficient and affordable electrocatalysts for water reduction half reaction, this paper fabricates molybdenum carbide nanoparticles uniformly loaded in highly porous N-doped carbon matrix derived from polyaniline-molybdate monolith with the use of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as template. The obtained molybdenum carbide-carbon hybrid catalysts (MoC@NCS) exhibit extraordinarily electrochemical hydrogen evolution activity with a small overpotential of 89 and 81 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline (1.0 M KOH) and acidic (0.5 M H2SO4) medium, respectively, even comparable to noble-metal Pt/C benchmark. Specially, MoC@NCS also shows excellent long-term durability in alkaline or acidic electrolyte. Furthermore, the obtained carbon matrix (NCS) featuring high content of N dopants and hierarchically porous architecture exhibits high catalytic efficiency for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte. For a further step, the obtained NCS coupled with the MoC@NCS, working as anodic and cathodic electrodes, in a two-electrode alkaline electrolyzer for overall water splitting, which can obtain a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at 1.69 V, along with robust operation durability. The synergistic effect of the porous carbon matrix of high nitrogen content and the molybdenum carbide nanoparticles of uniform distribution, together with hierarchically porous structure, should be responsible for the outstanding electrocatalytic HER performance. This work presents an easy and cost-effective strategy to prepare molybdenum-based materials with controlled size for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Ren
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Lei Chen
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Chen-Chen Weng
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Ge-Ge Yuan
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Zhong-Yong Yuan
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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22
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Yang X, Li K, Lv J, Chen X, Zang HY, Tan HQ, Wang YH, Li YG. N-doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanomeshes as Oxygen Reduction in pH-Universal Media and Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
| | - Jiaqi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
| | - Hong-Ying Zang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
| | - Hua-Qiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
| | - Yong-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
| | - Yang-Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 China
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23
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Wang HF, Chen R, Feng J, Qiao M, Doszczeczko S, Zhang Q, Jorge AB, Titirici MM. Freestanding Non-Precious Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reactions. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Fan Wang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ruixuan Chen
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| | - Jingyu Feng
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| | - Mo Qiao
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| | - Szymon Doszczeczko
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ana Belen Jorge
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
- Materials Research Institute; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
- Materials Research Institute; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
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24
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Qi J, Zhang W, Cao R. Porous Materials as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710119 P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710119 P.R. China
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710119 P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 P.R. China
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25
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Yadav DK, Ganesan V, Sonkar PK, Gupta R. Templated Synthesis of Nickel−Iron Layered Double Hydroxide for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation: Towards the Development of Non-Precious-Metal Catalysts. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi- 221005 India
| | - Vellaichamy Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi- 221005 India
| | - Piyush Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi- 221005 India
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi- 221005 India
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26
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Wang J, Xu F, Jin H, Chen Y, Wang Y. Non-Noble Metal-based Carbon Composites in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Fundamentals to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605838. [PMID: 28234409 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen has been hailed as a clean and sustainable alternative to finite fossil fuels in many energy systems. Water splitting is an important method for hydrogen production in high purity and large quantities. To accelerate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rate, it is highly necessary to develop high efficiency catalysts and to select a proper electrolyte. Herein, the performances of non-noble metal-based carbon composites under various pH values (acid, alkaline and neutral media) for HER in terms of catalyst synthesis, structure and molecular design are systematically discussed. A detailed analysis of the structure-activity-pH correlations in the HER process gives an insight on the origin of the pH-dependence for HER, and provide guidance for future HER mechanism studies on non-noble metal-based carbon composites. Furthermore, this Review gives a fresh impetus to rational design of high-performance noble-metal-free composites catalysts and guide researchers to employ the established electrocatalysts in proper water electrolysis technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center for Chemistry of High-performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xu
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center for Chemistry of High-performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Jin
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center for Chemistry of High-performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center for Chemistry of High-performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center for Chemistry of High-performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
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27
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Guo D, Qi J, Zhang W, Cao R. Surface Electrochemical Modification of a Nickel Substrate to Prepare a NiFe-based Electrode for Water Oxidation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:394-400. [PMID: 27870261 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The slow kinetics of water oxidation greatly jeopardizes the efficiency of water electrolysis for H2 production. Developing highly active water oxidation electrodes with affordable fabrication costs is thus of great importance. Herein, a NiII FeIII surface species on Ni metal substrate was generated by electrochemical modification of Ni in a ferrous solution by a fast, simple, and cost-effective procedure. In the prepared NiII FeIII catalyst film, FeIII was incorporated uniformly through controlled oxidation of FeII cations on the electrode surface. The catalytically active NiII originated from the Ni foam substrate, which ensured the close contact between the catalyst and the support toward improved charge-transfer efficiency. The as-prepared electrode exhibited high activity and long-term stability for electrocatalytic water oxidation. The overpotentials required to reach water oxidation current densities of 50, 100, and 500 mA cm-2 are 276, 290, and 329 mV, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P.R. China
| | - Rui Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P.R. China
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28
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Tong Y, Yu X, Shi G. Cobalt disulfide/graphite foam composite films as self-standing electrocatalytic electrodes for overall water splitting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4821-4826. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08176b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unique inter-layer porous 3D cobalt disulfide/graphite foam (CoS2/GF) electrocatalytic electrode exhibits superior performance for overall water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tong
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Gaoquan Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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29
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Gao Z, Qi J, Chen M, Zhang W, Cao R. An Electrodeposited NiSe for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions in Alkaline Solution. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Hu C, Dai L. Carbon-Based Metal-Free Catalysts for Electrocatalysis beyond the ORR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11736-58. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangang Hu
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4carbon); Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Liming Dai
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4carbon); Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
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31
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Hu C, Dai L. Kohlenstoffbasierte Metallfreie Katalysatoren für die Elektrokatalyse jenseits der ORR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangang Hu
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4carbon); Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Liming Dai
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4carbon); Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
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32
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33
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Li K, Zhang J, Wu R, Yu Y, Zhang B. Anchoring CoO Domains on CoSe 2 Nanobelts as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting in Neutral Media. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500426. [PMID: 27818899 PMCID: PMC5071745 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A facile in situ partial surface-oxidation strategy to integrate CoO domains with CoSe2 nanobelts on Ti mesh (denoted as CoO/CoSe2) via direct calcination of CoSe2-diethylenetriamine precursors is reported. The resulted self-supported CoO/CoSe2 exhibits an outstanding activity and stability in neutral media toward both hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidan Li
- Department of Chemistry School of Science, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry School of Science, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Chemistry School of Science, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yifu Yu
- Department of Chemistry School of Science, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry School of Science, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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34
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Ma TY, Cao JL, Jaroniec M, Qiao SZ. Interacting Carbon Nitride and Titanium Carbide Nanosheets for High-Performance Oxygen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yi Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Jian Liang Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Henan Polytechnic University; Henan Jiaozuo 454000 China
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Kent State University; Kent OH 44240 USA
| | - Shi Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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35
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Ma TY, Cao JL, Jaroniec M, Qiao SZ. Interacting Carbon Nitride and Titanium Carbide Nanosheets for High-Performance Oxygen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1138-42. [PMID: 26629779 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Free-standing flexible films, constructed from two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride and titanium carbide (with MXene phase) nanosheets, display outstanding activity and stability in catalyzing the oxygen-evolution reaction in alkaline aqueous system, which originates from the Ti-N(x) motifs acting as electroactive sites, and the hierarchically porous structure with highly hydrophilic surface. With this excellent electrocatalytic ability, comparable to that of the state-of-the-art precious-/transition-metal catalysts and superior to that of most free-standing films reported to date, they are directly used as efficient cathodes in rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Our findings reveal that the rational interaction between different two-dimensional materials can remarkably promote the oxygen electrochemistry, thus boosting the entire clean energy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yi Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jian Liang Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - Shi Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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36
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Duan J, Chen S, Jaroniec M, Qiao SZ. Heteroatom-Doped Graphene-Based Materials for Energy-Relevant Electrocatalytic Processes. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Duan
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Sheng Chen
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, United States
| | - Shi Zhang Qiao
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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37
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Zhuang X, Gehrig D, Forler N, Liang H, Wagner M, Hansen MR, Laquai F, Zhang F, Feng X. Conjugated microporous polymers with dimensionality-controlled heterostructures for green energy devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3789-96. [PMID: 25991493 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dimensionality for conjugated micro-porous polymers (CMP-nD, n = 0, 1, 2) is proven to be of great importance for tailoring their photophysical properties. Moreover, CMP-nD can further be converted into boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbons (nDBN, n = 0, 1, 2) with maintained 0D, 1D, and 2D nano-structures and highly efficient catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dominik Gehrig
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nina Forler
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Haiwei Liang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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