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Langa F, de la Cruz P, Sharma GD. Organic Solar Cells Based on Non-Fullerene Low Molecular Weight Organic Semiconductor Molecules. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400361. [PMID: 39240557 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of narrow bandgap A-D-A- and ADA'DA-type non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (NFSMAs) along with small molecule donors (SMDs) have led to significant progress in all-small molecule organic solar cells. Remarkable power conversion efficiencies, nearing the range of 17-18 %, have been realized. These efficiency values are on par with those achieved in OSCs based on polymeric donors. The commercial application of organic photovoltaic technology requires the design of more efficient organic conjugated small molecule donors and acceptors. In recent years the precise tuning of optoelectronic properties in small molecule donors and acceptors has attracted considerable attention and has contributed greatly to the advancement of all-SM-OSCs. Several reviews have been published in this field, but the focus of this review concerns the advances in research on OSCs using SMDs and NFSMAs from 2018 to the present. The review covers the progress made in binary and ternary OSCs, the effects of solid additives on the performance of all-SM-OSCs, and the recently developed layer-by-layer deposition method for these OSCs. Finally, we present our perspectives and a concise outlook on further advances in all-SM-OSCs for their commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Langa
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur (Rai), 302031, India
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur (Rai), 302031, India
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2
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Gu X, Zeng R, Hou Y, Yu N, Qiao J, Li H, Wei Y, He T, Zhu J, Deng J, Tan S, Zhang C, Cai Y, Long G, Hao X, Tang Z, Liu F, Zhang X, Huang H. Precisely Regulating Intermolecular Interactions and Molecular Packing of Nonfused-Ring Electron Acceptors via Halogen Transposition for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407355. [PMID: 38837587 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The structure of molecular aggregates is crucial for charge transport and photovoltaic performance in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, the intermolecular interactions and aggregated structures of nonfused-ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) are precisely regulated through a halogen transposition strategy, resulting in a noteworthy transformation from a 2D-layered structure to a 3D-interconnected packing network. Based on the 3D electron transport pathway, the binary and ternary devices deliver outstanding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 17.46 % and 18.24 %, respectively, marking the highest value for NFREA-based OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Gu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuqi Hou
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Na Yu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yanan Wei
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Tengfei He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinge Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiawei Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Senke Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Cai'e Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yunhao Cai
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
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3
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Shen X, Xiong S, Lai H, Wang Y, Li H, Deng Z, He F. Chlorinated Oligomers with Regulate Planarity Achieving Superior Photovoltaic Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27463-27469. [PMID: 38743927 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Chlorine substitution, as an effective and low-cost modification strategy, has been applied in the design of donor and acceptor structures in organic solar cells. We synthesized a series of chlorinated dimerized acceptors to investigate the effect of chlorine numbers and locations on the photovoltaic properties. The results show that the planarity and morphology of DYV-γ-2Cl are greatly improved due to the appropriate numbers and positions of the substituted chlorine atoms. Therefore, the device based on PM6:DYV-γ-2Cl achieves a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.54% among the three oligomeric acceptors with optimized molecular planarity and film morphology. This work demonstrated the positive effect of suitable numbers and the substitution positions of chlorines on the molecular arrangement and photovoltaic properties of the corresponding dimerized acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Shen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shilong Xiong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Heng Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zihao Deng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Abu Alrub S, Ali AI, Hussein RK, Alghamdi SK, Eladly SA. DFT and TD-DFT Investigations for the Limitations of Lengthening the Polyene Bridge between N,N-dimethylanilino Donor and Dicyanovinyl Acceptor Molecules as a D-π-A Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5586. [PMID: 38891775 PMCID: PMC11172313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
One useful technique for increasing the efficiency of organic dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is to extend the π-conjugated bridges between the donor (D) and the acceptor (A) units. The present study used the DFT and TD-DFT techniques to investigate the effect of lengthening the polyene bridge between the donor N, N-dimethyl-anilino and the acceptor dicyanovinyl. The results of the calculated key properties were not all in line with expectations. Planar structure was associated with increasing the π-conjugation linker, implying efficient electron transfer from the donor to the acceptor. A smaller energy gap, greater oscillator strength values, and red-shifted electronic absorption were also observed when the number of polyene units was increased. However, some results indicated that the potential of the stated dyes to operate as effective dye-sensitized solar cells is limited when the polyene bridge is extended. Increasing the polyene units causes the HOMO level to rise until it exceeds the redox potential of the electrolyte, which delays regeneration and impedes the electron transport cycle from being completed. As the number of conjugated units increases, the terminal lobes of HOMO and LUMO continue to shrink, which affects the ease of intramolecular charge transfer within the dyes. Smaller polyene chain lengths yielded the most favorable results when evaluating the efficiency of electron injection and regeneration. This means that the charge transfer mechanism between the conduction band of the semiconductor and the electrolyte is not improved by extending the polyene bridge. The open circuit voltage (VOC) was reduced from 1.23 to 0.70 V. Similarly, the excited-state duration (τ) decreased from 1.71 to 1.23 ns as the number of polyene units increased from n = 1 to n = 10. These findings are incompatible with the power conversion efficiency requirements of DSSCs. Therefore, the elongation of the polyene bridge in such D-π-A configurations rules out its application in solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Abu Alrub
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed I. Ali
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Saraya El Koba, El Sawah Street, Cairo 11281, Egypt
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Rageh K. Hussein
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suzan K. Alghamdi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Madinah 44256, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sally A. Eladly
- Basic Science Department, Modern Academy of Engineering and Technology, Cairo 11439, Egypt;
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Máximo-Canadas M, Borges I. Absorption spectra of p-nitroaniline derivatives: charge transfer effects and the role of substituents. J Mol Model 2024; 30:120. [PMID: 38564015 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Push-pull compounds are model systems and have numerous applications. By changing their substituents, properties are modified and new molecules for different applications can be designed. The work investigates the gas-phase electronic absorption spectra of 15 derivatives of push-pull para-nitroaniline (pNA). This molecule has applications in pharmaceuticals, azo dyes, corrosion inhibitors, and optoelectronics. Both electron-donor and electron-withdrawing groups were investigated. Employing machine learning-derived Hammett's constants σm, σm0, σR, and σI, correlations between substituents and electronic properties were obtained. Overall, the σm0 constants presented the best correlation with HOMO and LUMO energies, whereas the σR constants best agreed with the transition energy of the first band and HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Electron-donors, which have lower σR values, redshift the absorption spectrum and reduce the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Conversely, electron-withdrawing groups (higher σR's) blueshift the spectrum and increase the energy gap. The second band maximum energies, studied here for the first time, showed no correlation with σ but tended to increase with σ. A comprehensive charge transfer (CT) analysis of the main transition of all systems was also carried out. We found that donors (lower σ's) slightly enhance the CT character of the unsubstituted pNA, whereas acceptors (higher σ's) decrease it, leading to increased local excitations within the aromatic ring. The overall CT variation is not large, except for pNA-SO2H, which considerably decreases the total CT value. We found that the strong electron donors pNA-OH, pNA-OCH3, and pNA-NH2, which have the smallest HOMO-LUMO energy gaps and lowest σ's, have potential for optoelectronic applications. The results show that none of the studied molecules is fluorescent in the gas phase. However, pNA-NH2 and pNA-COOH in cyclohexane and water reveal fluorescence upon solvation. METHODS We investigated theoretically employing the second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)) ab initio wave function and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) the gas-phase electronic absorption spectra of 15 derivatives of p-nitroaniline (pNA). The investigated substituents include both electron-donor (C6H5, CCH, CH3, NH2, OCH3, and OH,) and electron-withdrawing (Br, CCl3, CF3, Cl, CN, COOH, F, NO2, and SO2H) substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Máximo-Canadas
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil.
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6
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Mei L, Xia X, Sun R, Pan Y, Min J, Lu X, Jen AKY, Chen XK. Molecular-Level Insight into Impact of Additives on Film Formation and Molecular Packing in Y6-based Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305977. [PMID: 37919095 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Additive engineering is widely utilized to optimize film morphology in active layers of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the role of additive in film formation and adjustment of film morphology remains unclear at the molecular level. Here, taking high-efficiency Y6-based OSC films as an example, this work thus employs all-atom molecular-dynamics simulations to investigate how introduction of additives with different π-conjugation degree thermodynamically and dynamically impacts nanoscale molecular packings. These results demonstrate that the van der Waals (vdW) interactions of the Y6 end groups with the studied additives are strongest. The larger the π-conjugation degree of the additive molecules, the stronger the vdW interactions between additive and Y6 molecules. Due to such vdW interactions, the π-conjugated additive molecules insert into the neighboring Y6 molecules, thus opening more space for relaxation of Y6 molecules to trigger more ordered packing. Increasing the interactions between the Y6 end groups and the additive molecules not only accelerates formation of the Y6 ordered packing, but also induces shorter Y6-intermolecular distances. This work reveals the fundamental molecular-level mechanism behind film formation and adjustment of film morphology via additive engineering, providing an insight into molecular design of additives toward optimizing morphologies of organic semiconductor films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 30 Guanghua Street, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xian-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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Kim Y, Hwang K, Yang D, Choi Y, Kim Y, Moon Y, Park JJ, Lee M, Kim DY. Enhanced N-type Semiconducting Performance of Asymmetric Monochlorinated Isoindigo-based Semiregioregular Polymers under Dynamic Forces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38427782 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The asymmetric monochlorination strategy not only effectively addresses the steric issues in conventional dichlorination but also enables the development of promising acceptor units and semiregioregular polymers. Herein, monochlorinated isoindigo (1CIID) is successfully designed and synthesized by selectively introducing single chlorine (Cl) atoms. Furthermore, the 1CIID copolymerizes with two donor counterparts, centrosymmetric 2,2'-bithiophene (2T) and axisymmetric 4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT), forming two polymers, P1CIID-2T and P1CIID-DTBT. These polymers exhibit notable differences in backbone linearity and dipole moments, influenced by the symmetry of their donor counterparts. In particular, P1CIID-2T, which contains a centrosymmetric 2T unit, demonstrates a linear backbone and a significant dipole moment of 10.20 D. These properties contribute to the favorable film morphology of P1CIID-2T, characterized by highly ordered crystallinity in the presence of fifth-order (500) X-ray diffraction peaks. Notably, P1CIID-2T exhibits a significant improvement in molecular alignment under dynamic force, resulting in over 8-fold improvement in the performance of organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices, with superior electron mobility up to 1.22 cm2 V-1 s-1. This study represents the first synthesis of asymmetric monochlorinated isoindigo-based conjugated polymers, highlighting the potential of asymmetric monochlorination for developing n-type semiconducting polymers. Moreover, our findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between the molecular structure and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyo Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungtae Hwang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeollabuk-do, Wanju-gun 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseul Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Yina Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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8
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Zhou X, Yang S, Li Q, Bai G, Wang C, Han C. Energy level measurement for organic semiconductors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2768-2779. [PMID: 38189553 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04270g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Along with the miniaturization and versatility of organic optoelectronic devices, it is desired to achieve a profound comprehension of the charge transport mechanism and even the basic device physics. The basis of these studies is the acquisition of relevant information about energy levels. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of five commonly-used techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet electron spectroscopy, inverse photoemission electron spectroscopy, low energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy and hot electron spectroscopy. According to the advantages and disadvantages, working mechanism, and application conditions, researchers will screen out a reliable and suitable characterization method, quickly and accurately. This should be beneficial for the efficient promotion of organic electronics and save valuable time for the related research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Shixing Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Qingxia Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Guoliang Bai
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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9
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Chang M, Zhang C, Li N, Wang C, Sui D, Wang F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wu H, Meng L. Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency Approaching 15% by Fine-Selecting the Third Component. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300350. [PMID: 37535659 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonfullerene acceptors with mediate bandgap play a crucial role in ternary devices as the third component, further boosting the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, three F-series acceptors (F-H, F-Cl, and F-2Cl) with mediate bandgap are selected and introduced into the PM6:BDT-Br binary system as third component to find the detailed influence of end groups with chlorine (Cl) atom substitution on the performance of ternary organic solar cells. Due to the increased substitution of Cl atoms on the end groups, F-Cl and F-2Cl as guest acceptors reveal a superior ability to regulate the morphology of blend films, contributing to the ordered packing properties and high crystallinity. As a result, F-Cl and F-2Cl based ternary OSCs achieve significantly improved PCEs of 13.89% and 14.67%, respectively, compared with the binary devices (12.70%). On the contrary, F-H without Cl atom displays a poor compatibility with the host system, resulting in an inferior ternary device with a low PCE of 10.79%. This work indicates that F-series acceptors with mediate bandgap are a promising class of third component for high-performance ternary OSCs. And introducing more Cl atoms substitution on the end groups, especially F-2Cl, will own a broad applicability for other binary devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Chang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Dong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Yinxia Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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10
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Yu K, Zhou T, Liang W, Zhou X, Xu X, Yu L, Hou B, Huang Y, Chen F, Liao Y, Hu H. High-Performance Nonfused Electron Acceptor with Precisely Controlled Side Chain Fluorination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45158-45166. [PMID: 37708412 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Modification of the molecular packing of nonfullerene acceptors through fluorination represents one of the most promising strategies to achieve highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, three nonfused electron acceptors, namely, DTCBT-Fx (x = 0, 5, 9) with precisely controlled amounts of fluorine atoms in the side chains are designed and synthesized, and the effect of side chain fluorination is systematically studied. The results demonstrate that the light absorption, energy levels, molecular ordering, and film morphology could be effectively tuned by precisely controlling the side chain fluorination. DTCBT-F5 with an appropriate fluorine functionalization exhibits suitable miscibility with the donor polymer (PM6), leading to diminished charge recombination and improved charge carrier mobility. Consequently, a promising power conversion efficiency of 12.7% was obtained for DTCBT-F5-based solar cells, which outperforms those OSCs based on DTCBT-F0 (11.4%) and DTCBT-F9 (11.6%), respectively. This work demonstrates that precise control of the fluorine functionalization in side chains of nonfused electron acceptors is an effective strategy for realizing highly efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenting Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- College of Chemistry and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liyang Yu
- College of Chemistry and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bo Hou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, U.K
| | - Yangen Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fengkun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Huawei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education/National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
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11
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Qiu D, Lai X, Lai H, Pu M, Rehman T, Zhu Y, He F. Trifluoromethylation in the Design and Synthesis of High-Performance Wide Bandgap Polymer Donors for Quasiplanar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41590-41597. [PMID: 37610376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
New strategies for the molecular design to construct efficient electron-deficient units for D-A-type donor copolymers are urgently needed. Halogenation of electron-deficient units (A) has been shown to be the most effective strategy reported to date with which to produce high-performance donor polymers. Herein, we have constructed two different trifluoromethyl-substituted polymer donors, PBQP-CF3 and PBQ-CF3. The trifluoromethylation process typically involves complex protocols, which are not widely used in the synthesis of polymer donors. Accordingly, we have developed a single-step, one-pot synthesis of the new trifluoromethyl-substituted electron-deficient unit (A) of PBQ-CF3. The strong electron-withdrawing ability of the trifluoromethyl group ensures deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels, and the non-covalent bonding interactions of the fluorine atoms are beneficial to the regulation of aggregation properties. Thus, both of the trifluoromethyl-substituted polymer donors obtained much higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) than PBDP-H (6.66%). PBQ-CF3 exhibits a deeper HOMO energy level, better aggregation behavior, and higher hole mobility than PBQP-CF3. PBQ-CF3-based quasiplanar heterojunction (Q-PHJ) devices therefore achieve simultaneously enhanced open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF) and an impressive PCE (16.02%), which is much higher than that obtained by PBQP-CF3-based devices (12.57%). This work reveals a promising path to synthesis of the trifluoromethylation polymer donors and demonstrates that the trifluoromethylation strategy can be used to enhance the photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Qiu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingrui Pu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Tahir Rehman
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
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12
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Silva JV, Sueyoshi S, Snape TJ, Lal S, Giarolla J. Pteridine reductase (PTR1): initial structure-activity relationships studies of potential leishmanicidal arylindole derivatives compounds. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 34:661-687. [PMID: 37606690 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2247331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a public health concern, especially in Brazil and India. The drugs available for therapy are old, cause toxicity and have reports of resistance. Therefore, this paper aimed to carry out initial structure-activity relationships (applying molecular docking and dynamic simulations) of arylindole scaffolds against the pteridine reductase (PTR1), which is essential target for the survival of the parasite. Thus, we used a series of 43 arylindole derivatives as a privileged skeleton, which have been evaluated previously for different biological actions. Compound 7 stood out among its analogues presenting the best results of average number of interactions with binding site (2.00) and catalytic triad (1.00). Additionally, the same compound presented the best binding free energy (-32.33 kcal/mol) in dynamic simulations. Furthermore, with computational studies, it was possible to comprehend and discuss the influences of the substituent sizes, positions of substitutions in the aromatic ring and electronic influences. Therefore, this study can be a starting point for the structural improvements needed to obtain a good leishmanicidal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Sueyoshi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T J Snape
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - S Lal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, India
| | - J Giarolla
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Feng Z, Gupta G, Mamlouk M. Degradation of QPPO-based anion polymer electrolyte membrane at neutral pH. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20235-20242. [PMID: 37416914 PMCID: PMC10321057 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02889e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical stability of anion polymer electrolyte membranes (AEMs) determines the durability of an AEM water electrolyzer (AEMWE). The alkaline stability of AEMs has been widely investigated in the literature. However, the degradation of AEM at neutral pH closer to the practical AEMWE operating condition is neglected, and the degradation mechanism remains unclear. This paper investigated the stability of quaternized poly(p-phenylene oxide) (QPPO)-based AEMs under different conditions, including Fenton solution, H2O2 solution and DI water. The pristine PPO and chloromethylated PPO (ClPPO) showed good chemical stability in the Fenton solution, and only limited weight loss was observed, 2.8% and 1.6%, respectively. QPPO suffered a high mass loss (29%). Besides, QPPO with higher IEC showed a higher mass loss. QPPO-1 (1.7 mmol g-1) lost nearly twice as much mass as QPPO-2 (1.3 mmol g-1). A strong correlation between the degradation rate of IEC and H2O2 concentration was obtained, which implied that the reaction order is above 1. A long-term oxidative stability test at pH neutral condition was also conducted by immersing the membrane in DI at 60 °C water for 10 months. The membrane breaks into pieces after the degradation test. The possible degradation mechanism is that oxygen or OH˙ radicals attack the methyl group on the rearranged ylide, forming aldehyde or carboxyl attached to the CH2 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Feng
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University Merz Court Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Chemical Engineering, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK
| | - Mohamed Mamlouk
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University Merz Court Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
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14
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Yang Q, Chen H, Lv J, Huang P, Han D, Deng W, Sun K, Kumar M, Chung S, Cho K, Hu D, Dong H, Shao L, Zhao F, Xiao Z, Kan Z, Lu S. Balancing the Efficiency and Synthetic Accessibility of Organic Solar Cells with Isomeric Acceptor Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207678. [PMID: 37171812 PMCID: PMC10369256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development of organic semiconductor materials and on-going improvement of device technology, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have surpassed the threshold of 19%. Now, the low production cost of organic photovoltaic materials and devices have become an imperative demand for its practical application and future commercialization. Herein, the feasibility of simplified synthesis for cost-effective small-molecule acceptors via end-cap isomeric engineering is demonstrated, and two constitutional isomers, BTP-m-4Cl and BTP-o-4Cl, are synthesized and compared in parallel. These two non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have very similar optoelectronic properties but nonuniform morphological and crystallographic characteristics. Consequently, the OSCs composed of PM6:BTP-m-4Cl realize PCE of 17.2%, higher than that of the OSCs with PM6:BTP-o-4Cl (≈16%). When ternary OSCs are fabricated with PM6:BTP-m-4Cl:BTP-o-4Cl, the averaged PCE value reaches 17.95%, presenting outstanding photovoltaic performance. Most excitingly, the figure of merit (FOM) values of PM6:BTP-m-4Cl, PM6:BTP-o-4Cl, and PM6:BTP-m-4Cl:BTP-o-4Cl based devices are 0.190, 0.178, and 0.202 respectively. The FOM values of these systems are all among the top ones of the current high-efficiency OSC systems, revealing high cost-effectiveness of the two NFAs. This work provides a general but accessible strategy to minimize the efficiency-cost gap and promises the economic prospects of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianguang Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jie Lv
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Peihao Huang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Deman Han
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Beijing, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Sun
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, North Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Dingqin Hu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Li Shao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Fuqing Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
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15
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Pang B, Liao C, Xu X, Yu L, Li R, Peng Q. Benzo[d]thiazole Based Wide Bandgap Donor Polymers Enable 19.54% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Along with Desirable Batch-to-Batch Reproducibility and General Applicability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300631. [PMID: 36870079 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The limited selection pool of high-performance wide bandgap (WBG) polymer donors is a bottleneck problem of the nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) based organic solar cells (OSCs) that impedes the further improvement of their photovoltaic performances. Herein, a series of new WBG polymers, namely PH-BTz, PS-BTz, PF-BTz, and PCl-BTz, are developed by using the bicyclic difluoro-benzo[d]thiazole (BTz) as the acceptor block and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) derivatives as the donor units. By introducing S, F, and Cl atoms to the alkylthienyl sidechains on BDT, the resulting polymers exhibit lowered energy levels and enhanced aggregation properties. The fluorinated PBTz-F not only exhibits a low-lying HOMO level, but also has stronger face-on packing order and results in more uniform fibril-like interpenetrating networks in the related PF-BTz:L8-BO blend. A high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.57% is achieved. Moreover, PBTz-F also exhibits a good batch-to-batch reproducibility and general applicability. In addition, ternary blend OSCs based on the host PBTz-F:L8-BO blend and PM6 guest donor exhibits a further enhanced PCE of 19.54%, which is among the highest values of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chentong Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab, Suffolk, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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16
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Ren R, Jiao Z, Li Z, Tian Y, Liu B, Yue G. Polarization-induced proton adsorption and charge separation in pyrene-based conjugated microporous polymers via substituent regulation for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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17
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Wang R, Xia D, Jiang X, Zhao C, Zhou S, Fang H, Wang J, Tang Z, Xiao C, Li W. N-Annulated Perylene Bisimide-Based Double-Cable Polymers with Open-Circuit Voltage Approaching 1.20 V in Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47952-47960. [PMID: 36222398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have introduced single/double-sided N-annulated perylene bisimide (PBI) with deep energy levels into double-cable polymers with poly[1-(5-(4,8-bis(4-chloro-5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-6-methylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-4H,8H-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione] (PBDB-T-Cl) as a donor backbone, marking as s-PPNR and as-PPNR, according to the molecular symmetry. Both double-cable polymers displayed a high open-circuit voltage approaching 1.20 V in light of high energy level discrepancy between electron-donating and electron-withdrawing parts, which is the highest open-circuit voltage among double-cable-based single-component organic solar cell (SCOSC) devices. Additionally, the asymmetric polymer displayed improved absorption spectra, thereby promoting crystallization and phase separation. Consequently, the as-PPNR-based SCOSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency of 5.05% along with a higher short-circuit current density and fill factor than their s-PPNR-based counterparts. In this work, we have successfully incorporated N-annulated PBI into double-cable polymers and revealed the important effects on structural symmetry and phase separation of double-cable polymers for higher SCOSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, P. R. China
| | - Shengxi Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Haisheng Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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18
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Unfused-ring Acceptors with Dithienobenzotriazole Core for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Zhao M, Zhou X, Tan P, He F, Ma Y. Stability of the Charged Nonfullerene Acceptors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8553-8557. [PMID: 36067392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As an electric current passes through an organic semiconductor, a small number of organic molecules will inevitably act as a polaron state that is similar to an ionic charged state. The continuous device operation of organic semiconducting molecules is directly associated with the stability of the charged state. Herein, we choose the high-performance Y-series of nonfullerene acceptors to investigate the stability by a spectro-electrochemical technique. The results reveal the discoloration of molecules in the charged state and can be partially recovered after neutralization with about 10% irreversible part. It is found that the degree of the irreversible process is associated with halogen substituents at the end groups, and the irreversible reactions are also discussed. Our results reveal that the stability of a charged state can be improved by the fine-tuning of the molecular structures, and the local charge density can also be rapidly reduced by the high carrier mobility, the key factor to improving the stability of nonfullerene acceptors for better practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe Distinct, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xuehong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe Distinct, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Pu Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe Distinct, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe Distinct, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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20
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Gao W, Jiang M, Wu Z, Fan B, Jiang W, Cai N, Xie H, Lin FR, Luo J, An Q, Woo HY, Jen AK. Intramolecular Chloro–Sulfur Interaction and Asymmetric Side‐Chain Isomerization to Balance Crystallinity and Miscibility in All‐Small‐Molecule Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205168. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Korea University Seoul 136-713 Republic of Korea
| | - Baobing Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Wenlin Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Ning Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Hua Xie
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Francis R. Lin
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Jingdong Luo
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Korea University Seoul 136-713 Republic of Korea
| | - Alex K.‐Y. Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-2120 USA
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
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21
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Impact of end capped modification on BT-CIC molecule for high-performance photovoltaic attributes: a DFT approach. J Mol Model 2022; 28:218. [PMID: 35821346 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of utilizing structural modeling techniques to design efficient organic solar cells, a quantum chemical density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) study have been carried out for the examination of the photovoltaic properties of four BT-ClC-based novel non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) molecules. The designed entities (BT1-BT4) have an A-π-D-π-A configuration with seven fused ring-based BDT central core and newly substituted peripheral acceptor moieties. The optical parameters (absorption maxima, light-harvesting efficiency, first excitation energies, and dipole moments), electronic properties (frontier molecular orbitals, density of states, and molecular electrostatic potential), and charge transfer characteristics (open-circuit voltage, transition density matrix, and fill factor) of the investigated molecules were evaluated using the selected B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level of theory. The systematic computational analysis reveals that under the influence of terminal acceptor groups, there is an augmentation in the absorption range, and reduction in the band gap values. The electron withdrawing effect of acceptor moieties is evident from the electronic density distribution on the HOMO-LUMO orbitals, along with the density of state (DOS) graphs. Transition density matrix (TDM) analyses reveal consistent charge transfer in the newly devised entities. Reorganization energies computed for electron and hole are significantly lower than the reference, making the transfer of charge carriers efficient. Open-circuit voltage (Voc) of reported acceptor entities, theoretically computed with PTB7-Th donor, revealed maximum output. Furthermore, the estimated fill factor (FF) of the investigated molecules predicted an increase in power conversion efficiencies. Consequently, all the computed parameters favor the applicability of our designed molecules in the field of organic photovoltaics by virtue of their excellent charge mobilities, increased absorption maximum values, and reduced band gaps.
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22
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Wang W, Miao X, Cai G, Ding L, Li Y, Li T, Zhu Y, Tao L, Jia Y, Liang Y, Lu X, Fang Y, Yi Y, Lin Y. Enhancing Transition Dipole Moments of Heterocyclic Semiconductors via Rational Nitrogen-Substitution for Sensitive Near Infrared Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201600. [PMID: 35545992 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Designing ultrastrong near-infrared (NIR) absorbing organic semiconductors is a critical prerequisite for sensitive NIR thin film organic photodetectors (OPDs), especially in the region of beyond 900 nm, where the absorption coefficient of commercial single crystalline silicon (c-Si) is below 103 cm-1 . Herein, a pyrrolo[3,2-b]thieno[2,3-d]pyrrole heterocyclic core (named as BPPT) with strong electron-donating property and stretched geometry is developed. Relative to their analogue Y6, BPPT-contained molecules, BPPT-4F and BPPT-4Cl, show substantially upshifted and more delocalized highest occupied molecular orbitals, and larger transition dipole moments, leading to bathochromic and hyperchromic absorption spectra extending beyond 1000 nm with very large absorption coefficients (up to 3.7-4.3 × 105 cm-1 ) as thin films. These values are much higher than those (104 to 1 × 105 cm-1 ) of typical organic semiconductors, and 1-2 orders higher than those of commercial inorganic materials, such as c-Si, Ge, and InGaAs. The OPDs based on BPPT-4F or BPPT-4Cl blending polymer PBDB-T show high detectivity of above 1012 Jones in a wide wavelength range of 310-1010 nm with excellent peak values of 1.3-2.2 × 1013 Jones, respectively, which are comparable with and even better than those commercial inorganic photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaodan Miao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guilong Cai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Li Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liting Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yixiao Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuanxin Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yanjun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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23
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Gao W, Jiang M, Wu Z, Fan B, Jiang W, Cai N, Xie H, Lin FR, Luo J, An Q, Woo HY, Jen AKY. Intramolecular Choloro‐Sulfur Interaction and Asymmetric Side‐Chain Isomerization to Balance Crystallinity and Miscibility in All‐Small‐Molecule Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- City University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong CHINA
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 100081 Beijing CHINA
| | - Ziang Wu
- Korea University Department of Chemistry 136-713 Seoul KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Baobing Fan
- City University of Hong Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering 999077 Hong Kong CHINA
| | - Wenlin Jiang
- City University of Hong Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering 999077 Hong Kong CHINA
| | - Ning Cai
- Guangdong University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry 510006 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Hua Xie
- Wuhan University School of Water Resources and Hydropower 430072 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Francis R. Lin
- City University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry 999077 Hong Kong CHINA
| | - Jingdong Luo
- City University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry 999077 Hong Kong CHINA
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Beijing Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 100081 Beijing CHINA
| | - Han Young Woo
- Korea University Department of Chemistry Seoul KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Alex K.-Y. Jen
- City University of Hong Kong Chemistry Tat Chee Ave 999077 Kowloon CHINA
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24
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Zhu XM, Bao SN, Yang H, Fan HY, Fan CL, Li XX, Hu KW, Cao HY, Cui CH, Li YF. Nonfused-Core-Small-Molecule-Acceptor-Based Polymer Acceptors for All-Polymer Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Xu S, Wang W, Liu H, Yu X, Qin F, Luo H, Zhou Y, Li Z. A New Diazabenzo[k]fluoranthene-based D-A Conjugated Polymer Donor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200276. [PMID: 35567333 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of wide-bandgap polymer donors having complementary absorption and compatible energy levels with near-infared (NIR) absorbing nonfullerene acceptors is highly important for realizing high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a new thiophene-fused diazabenzo[k]fluoranthene derivative has been successfully synthesized as the electron-deficient unit to construct an efficient donor-acceptor (D-A) type alternating copolymer donor, namely PABF-Cl, using the chlorinated benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene as the copolymerization unit. PABF-Cl exhibits a wide optical bandgap of 1.93 eV, a deep highest occupied molecular level of -5.36 eV, and efficient hole transport. As a result, OSCs with the best power conversion efficiency of 11.8% has been successfully obtained by using PABF-Cl as the donor to blend with a NIR absorbing BTP-eC9 acceptor. Our work thus provides a new design of electron-deficient unit for constructing high performance D-A type polymer donors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoheng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fei Qin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hao Luo
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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26
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Souza JPA, Benatto L, Candiotto G, Roman LS, Koehler M. Binding Energy of Triplet Excitons in Nonfullerene Acceptors: The Effects of Fluorination and Chlorination. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1393-1402. [PMID: 35192353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One strategy to improve the photovoltaic properties of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), employed in state-of-art organic solar cells, is the rational fluorination or chlorination of these molecules. Although this modification improves important acceptor properties, little is known about the effects on the triplet states. Here, we combine the polarizable continuum model with an optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functional to investigate this issue. We find that fluorination or chlorination of NFAs decreases the degree of the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) overlap along these molecules. Consequently, the energy gap between T1 and S1 states, ΔEST = ES1 - ET1, also decreases. This effect reduces the binding energy of triplet excitons, which favors their dissociation into free charges. Furthermore, the reduction of ΔEST can contribute to mitigating the losses produced by the nonradiative deactivation of the T1 excitons. Interestingly, although Cl has a lower electronegativity than F, chlorination is more effective to reduce ΔEST. Since the chlorination of NFAs is easier than fluorination, Cl substitution can be a useful approach to enhance solar energy harvesting using triplet excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P A Souza
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L Benatto
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - G Candiotto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L S Roman
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M Koehler
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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27
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Yan L, Liang Z, Si J, Gong P, Wang Y, Liu X, Tong J, Li J, Hou X. Ultrafast Kinetics of Chlorinated Polymer Donors: A Faster Excitonic Dissociation Path. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6945-6957. [PMID: 35081710 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Halogen-substituted donor/acceptor materials are widely regarded as a promising strategy toward improved power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in polymer solar cells (PSCs). A chlorinated polymer donor, PClBTA-PS, and its non-chlorinated analogue, PBTA-PS, are synthesized. The PClBTA-PS-based devices show significant enhancements in terms of open-circuit voltage (VOC = 0.82 V) and fill factor (FF = 76.20%). In addition, a PCE of 13.20% is obtained, which is significantly higher than that for the PBTA-PS-based devices (PCE = 7.63%). Grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering shows that the chlorinated polymer enables better π-π stacking in both pure and blend films. DFT and TD-DFT calculations as well as ultrafast photophysics measurements indicate that chlorinated PClBTA-PS has a smaller bonding energy and a longer spontaneous-emission lifetime. The results also reveal that the charge-transfer-state excitons in PClBTA-PS:IT4Cl blend films split into the charge-separated (CS) state via a faster dissociation path, which produces a higher yield of the CS state. Overall, this study provides a deeper understanding of how a halogen-substituted polymer can improve PSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Yan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinhai Si
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pingping Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Organic Semiconductor Materials and Application Technology, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Organic Semiconductor Materials and Application Technology, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junfeng Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Organic Semiconductor Materials and Application Technology, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Organic Semiconductor Materials and Application Technology, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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28
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Zhou X, Zhang J, Bai G, Wang C, He W, Sun X, Zhang J, Miao J. A novel energy level detector for molecular semiconductors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2717-2728. [PMID: 35072681 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01842f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multifunction of molecule-based devices is always achieved by improving their charge transport characteristics. These characteristics depend strongly on the energy levels of molecular semiconductors, which fundamentally govern the working principle and device performance. Therefore, an accurate measurement of these energy levels is crucial for evaluating the availability of the prepared materials and thus optimizing the device performance. Here, an easy-to-operate three-terminal hot electron transistor has been developed, which comprises a molecular optoelectronic device that records the charge transport. It achieves exceptional properties including the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit level, highest occupied molecular orbit level, higher energy states, and higher electronic bandgap. When compared with existing techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, inverse photoemission spectroscopy, and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, the hot electron transistor provides in-situ characterization and categorizes the measured energy information as intrinsic properties of the molecular semiconductor. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth understanding of the fundamental device-physics, which provides promising guidance for performance optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Juansu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Guoliang Bai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Wenxiang He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, P. R. China
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29
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Gao X, Xu Y, Yu R, Song X, Tao X, Tao Y. Estimating donor:acceptor compatibility for polymer solar cells through nonfused-ring acceptors with benzoxadiazole core and different halogenated terminal groups. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04513c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Novel nonfused-ring electron acceptors based on a benzoxadiazole-derived core are developed to estimate different miscibility-driven morphologies and donor:acceptor compatibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Gao
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ruitao Yu
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Song
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xianwang Tao
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Youtian Tao
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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30
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Yang B, Yuan L, Gong J, Liu Z, Wu Y, Chen H. The Halogenation Effects of Electron Acceptor ITIC for Organic Photovoltaic Nano-Heterojunctions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3417. [PMID: 34947765 PMCID: PMC8708652 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular engineering plays a critical role in the development of electron donor and acceptor materials for improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The halogenated acceptor materials in OPVs have shown high PCE. Here, to investigate the halogenation mechanism and the effects on OPV performances, based on the density functional theory calculations with the optimally tuned screened range-separated hybrid functional and the consideration of solid polarization effects, we addressed the halogenation effects of acceptor ITIC, which were modeled by bis-substituted ITIC with halogen and coded as IT-2X (X = F, Cl, Br), and PBDB-T:ITIC, PBDB-T:IT-2X (X = F, Cl, Br) complexes on their geometries, electronic structures, excitations, electrostatic potentials, and the rate constants of charge transfer, exciton dissociation (ED), and charge recombination processes at the heterojunction interface. The results indicated that halogenation of ITIC slightly affects molecular geometric structures, energy levels, optical absorption spectra, exciton binding energies, and excitation properties. However, the halogenation of ITIC significantly enlarges the electrostatic potential difference between the electron acceptor and donor PBDB-T with the order from fluorination and chlorination to bromination. The halogenation also increases the transferred charges of CT states for the complexes. Meanwhile, the halogenation effects on CT energies and electron process rates depend on different haloid elements. No matter which kinds of haloid elements were introduced in the halogenation of acceptors, the ED is always efficient in these OPV devices. This work provides an understanding of the halogenation mechanism, and is also conducive to the designing of novel materials with the aid of the halogenation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Cairong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Lihua Yuan
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Jijun Gong
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Zijiang Liu
- Department of Physics, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Youzhi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
| | - Hongshan Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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31
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Wang H, Chao P, Chen H, Zhu Y, Zheng W, He F. Enhancement of All-Polymer Solar Cells by Addition of a Chlorinated Polymer and Formation of an Energy Cascade in a Nonhalogenated Solvent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58754-58762. [PMID: 34871498 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) containing a three-component photoactive layer with cascading energy alignments could benefit the charge transfer and improve the open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency. Herein, we report the incorporation of a derived chlorinated polymer, J52-Cl, as a guest donor into the donor J52 and acceptor N2200 blend film. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital levels of J52-Cl are between the corresponding energy levels of J52 and N2200, and this leads to generation of a cascade of energy levels. Photoluminescence measurements and the J-V of devices containing the donors indicated that this incorporation of J52-Cl could promote the charge transfer of the solar cells. The contribution from J52-Cl reduced the energy loss of J52-based binary devices significantly from 0.932 to 0.797 eV and the nonradiative energy loss from 0.399 to 0.269 eV, leading to an enhancement of Voc from 0.79 to 0.93 V. This introduction of chlorinated polymers also improves the intermolecular interactions and leads to a favorable morphology with appropriate phase separation and interpenetrating networks. As expected, the power conversion efficiency of ternary all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) processed in o-xylene solvent was increased from 8.55 to 11.02%. These results indicate that the ternary devices with the appropriate cascade of energy levels can fine tune the device's open-circuit voltage and finally improve the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pengjie Chao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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32
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Park S, Kim Y, Choi C, Ahn H, Park T, Lee SH, Jang YH, Lee BH. Effect of Bulky Atom Substitution on Backbone Coplanarity and Electrical Properties of Cyclopentadithiophene-Based Semiconducting Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100709. [PMID: 34792255 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The effect of atomic substitution on the optoelectronic properties of a coplanar donor-acceptor (D-A) semiconducting polymer (SPs), prepared using cyclopentadithiophene (CDT) and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) moieties, is investigated. By substituting a carbon atom in the BT unit with CF or C-Cl, two random D-A SPs are prepared, and their optoelectronic properties are thoroughly investigated. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the fluorinated polymer has a slightly smaller dihedral angle (ϴ = 0.6°) than the pristine polymer (ϴ = 1.9°) in its lowest-energy conformation, implying efficient charge transport through the coplanar backbone of the fluorinated polymer. However, the chlorinated polymer shows the lowest energy at a relatively larger dihedral angle (ϴ = 139°) due to the steric hindrance induced by bulky chlorine atoms in the backbone, thereby leading to thin-film morphology, which is unfavorable for charge transport. Consequently, the fluorinated polymer yields the highest field-effect mobility (μ) of 0.57 cm2 V-1 s-1 , slightly higher than that of the pristine polymer (μ = 0.33 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), and the extended device lifetime of organic field-effect transistors over 12 d without any encapsulation layers. The results of this study provide design guidelines for air-stable D-A SPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwon Choi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POESTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taemin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Jang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
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33
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Ye S, Chen S, Li S, Pan Y, Xia X, Fu W, Zuo L, Lu X, Shi M, Chen H. Synergistic Effects of Chlorination and Branched Alkyl Side Chain on the Photovoltaic Properties of Simple Non-Fullerene Acceptors with Quinoxaline as the Core. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3599-3606. [PMID: 33973392 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To date, the fused-ring electron acceptors show the best photovoltaic performances, and the development of simple non-fullerene acceptors via intramolecular noncovalent interactions can reduce synthetic costs. In this work, four simple non-fullerene acceptors with an A-D-A'-D-A configuration (QCIC1, QCIC2, QCIC3, and QCIC4) were synthesized. They contained the same conjugated backbone (A': quinoxaline; D: cyclopentadithiophene; A: dicyano-indanone) but different halogen atoms and alkyl side chains. Due to the chlorination on the end-groups and the most and/or longest branched alkyl side chains on the backbone, the blended film composed of QCIC3 and donor poly{[2,6'-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo [1,2-b : 4,5-b']dithiophene]-alt-[5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c : 4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione)]} (PBDB-T) exhibited the strongest π-π stacking and the most suitable phase-separation domains among the four blended films. Therefore, the QCIC3-based organic solar cells yielded the highest power conversion efficiency of 10.55 %. This work provides a pathway to optimize the molecular arrangements and enhance the photovoltaic property of simple electron acceptors through subtle chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shounuan Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shuixing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Youwen Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Weifei Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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34
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Zhao T, Wang H, Pu M, Lai H, Chen H, Zhu Y, Zheng N, He F. Tuning the Molecular Weight of
Chlorine‐Substituted
Polymer Donors for Small Energy Loss
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingxing Zhao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Huan Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Mingrui Pu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China, University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China, University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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35
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Park SH, Kwon NY, Kim HJ, Cho E, Kang H, Harit AK, Woo HY, Yoon HJ, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Nonhalogenated Solvent-Processed High-Performance Indoor Photovoltaics Made of New Conjugated Terpolymers with Optimized Monomer Compositions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13487-13498. [PMID: 33710873 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated random terpolymers, PJ-25, PJ-50, and PJ-75 were successfully synthesized from three different monomers. Fluorine-substituted benzotriazole (2F-BTA) was incorporated into 4,8-bis(4-chlorothiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT-T-Cl) and a 1,3-bis(4-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-alkyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione (BDD)-based alternating copolymer PM7 as a third monomeric unit. The solubility of the random terpolymers in nonhalogenated solvents increased with the number of 2F-BTA units in PM7. The random terpolymers were mixed with 3,9-bis(2-methylene-((3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-6,7-difluoro)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (IT-4F) to fabricate organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Among the three terpolymers and two related binary copolymers (e.g., PM7 and J52-Cl), outdoor photovoltaic (PV) cells (AM 1.5G) based on the PJ-50:IT-4F blend showed a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.34%. In addition, PJ-50 was employed as a donor in indoor PV (IPV) cells and was blended with nonfullerene acceptors, which have different absorption ranges. Among them, the PJ-50:IT-4F-based IPV device had the highest PCE of 17.41% with a Jsc of 54.75 μA cm-2 and an FF of 0.77 under 160 μW cm-2 light-emitting diode (LED) light. The terpolymer introduced in this study can be regarded as a promising material for the fabrication of outdoor PV and IPV cells with excellent performance involving the use of an eco-friendly solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hungu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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36
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Che Y, Perepichka DF. Quantifying Planarity in the Design of Organic Electronic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1364-1373. [PMID: 33021029 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Planarity is essential for many organic electronic materials as it maximizes the intramolecular π-orbital overlap and enables efficient intermolecular interactions through π-stacking. We propose a statistical way of quantifying the planarity of a wide range of conjugated systems. The quantification takes into account all torsional conformations and their relative contribution to the overall structural disorder, through a planarity index ⟨cos2 ϕ⟩. The propensity for planarization and the effect of rotational disorder were examined for a series of commonly used building blocks. The application of the analysis to extended conjugated systems and the correlations between the gas-phase ⟨cos2 ϕ⟩ and crystallographically observed planarity in the solid state were explored. Our calculations also reveal a previously unrecognized effect of increasing band gap upon planarization for conjugated systems coupling strong electron donor and acceptor units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Che
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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37
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Wang L, Park JS, Lee HG, Kim GU, Kim D, Kim C, Lee S, Kim FS, Kim BJ. Impact of Chlorination Patterns of Naphthalenediimide-Based Polymers on Aggregated Structure, Crystallinity, and Device Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells and Organic Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56240-56250. [PMID: 33280373 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation properties of conjugated polymers can play a crucial role in their thin film structures and performance of electronic devices. Control of these aggregated structures is particularly important in producing efficient all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), considering that strong demixing of the polymer donor and polymer acceptor typically occurs during film formation because of the low entropic contribution to the thermodynamics of the system. Here, three naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based polymer acceptors with different backbone chlorination patterns are developed to investigate the effect of the chlorination patterns on the aggregation tendencies of the polymer acceptors, which greatly influence their crystalline structures, electrical properties, and device performances of the resultant all-PSCs and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The counterparts of NDI units, dichlorinated bithiophene (Cl2T2), monochlorinated bithiophene (ClT2), and dichlorinated thienylene-vinylene-thienylene (Cl2TVT), are employed to synthesize a series of P(NDIOD-Cl2T2), P(NDIOD-ClT2), and P(NDIOD-Cl2TVT) polymers. The P(NDIOD-Cl2T2) polymer takes advantage of strong noncovalent bonding induced by its chlorine substituents, resulting in the formation of optimal face-on oriented crystalline structures which are suitable for efficient all-PSC devices. In comparison, the P(NDIOD-Cl2TVT) polymer forms bimodal crystalline structures in thin films to yield optimal performances in the resultant OFETs. When the three chlorinated polymers are applied to all-PSCs with the PBDTTTPD polymer donor, P(NDIOD-Cl2T2) achieves a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.22% with an appropriate blend morphology and high fill factor, outperforming P(NDIOD-ClT2) (PCE = 4.80%) and P(NDIOD-Cl2TVT) (PCE = 5.78%). Our observations highlight the effectiveness of the chlorination strategy for developing efficient polymer acceptors and demonstrate the important role of polymer aggregation in modulating the blend morphology and all-PSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyeong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Donguk Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Felix Sunjoo Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University (CAU), Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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38
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Hu H, Ghasemi M, Peng Z, Zhang J, Rech JJ, You W, Yan H, Ade H. The Role of Demixing and Crystallization Kinetics on the Stability of Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005348. [PMID: 33150638 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With power conversion efficiency now over 17%, a long operational lifetime is essential for the successful application of organic solar cells. However, most non-fullerene acceptors can crystallize and destroy devices, yet the fundamental underlying thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of acceptor crystallization have received limited attention. Here, room-temperature (RT) diffusion coefficients of 3.4 × 10-23 and 2.0 × 10-22 are measured for ITIC-2Cl and ITIC-2F, two state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptors. The low coefficients are enough to provide for kinetic stabilization of the morphology against demixing at RT. Additionally profound differences in crystallization characteristics are discovered between ITIC-2F and ITIC-2Cl. The differences as observed by secondary-ion mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and microscopy can be related directly to device degradation and are attributed to the significantly different nucleation and growth rates, with a difference in the growth rate of a factor of 12 at RT. ITIC-4F and ITIC-4Cl exhibit similar characteristics. The results reveal the importance of diffusion coefficients and melting enthalpies in controlling the growth rates, and that differences in halogenation can drastically change crystallization kinetics and device stability. It is furthermore delineated how low nucleation density and large growth rates can be inferred from DSC and microscopy experiments which could be used to guide molecular design for stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Hu
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Masoud Ghasemi
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeromy James Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Lee S, Jeong D, Kim C, Lee C, Kang H, Woo HY, Kim BJ. Eco-Friendly Polymer Solar Cells: Advances in Green-Solvent Processing and Material Design. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14493-14527. [PMID: 33103903 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent breakthroughs of polymer solar cells (PSCs) exhibiting a power conversion efficiency of over 17%, toxic and hazardous organic solvents such as chloroform and chlorobenzene are still commonly used in their fabrication, which impedes the practical application of PSCs. Thus, the development of eco-friendly processing methods suitable for industrial-scale production is now considered an imperative research focus. This Review provides a roadmap for the design of efficient photoactive materials that are compatible with non-halogenated green solvents (e.g., xylenes, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran). We summarize the recent development of green processing solvents and the processing methods to match with the efficient photoactive materials used in non-fullerene solar cells. We further review progress in the use of more eco-friendly solvents (i.e., water or alcohol) for achieving truly sustainable and eco-friendly PSC fabrication. For example, the concept of water- or alcohol-dispersed nanoparticles made of conjugated materials is introduced. Also, recent important progress and strategies to develop water/alcohol-soluble photoactive materials that completely eliminate the use of conventional toxic solvents are discussed. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the challenges facing the current green processing methods and materials, such as large-area coating techniques and long-term stability. We believe this Review will inform the development of PSCs that are truly clean and renewable energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dahyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Changkyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyunbum Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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40
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Che Y, Perepichka DF. Quantifying Planarity in the Design of Organic Electronic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Che
- Department of Chemistry McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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41
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Li Y, Meng H, Huang J, Zhan C. Structural Cutting of Non-fullerene Acceptors by Chlorination: Effects of Substituent Number on Device Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50541-50549. [PMID: 33136385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Effects of chlorination on photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells are yet largely unclear though it is emerging as a special yet effective strategy to design highly efficient non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Herein, a bi-chlorine-substituted NFA with regioregularity, namely, bichlorinated dithienothiophen[3.2-b]- pyrrolobenzothiadiazole (BTP-2Cl-δ), is synthesized and compared to the non-chlorinated BTP and tetra-chlorine-substituted BTP-4Cl to study the effects of Cl number on the photovoltaic performance. From BTP to BTP-2Cl-δ and BTP-4Cl, the three molecules show gradually red-shifted absorption peaks, narrowed band gaps, and lowered highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). Polymer solar cells are fabricated using PM6 as the donor and the three small molecules as the acceptors. From BTP to BTP-2Cl-δ, efficiencies (8.8 vs 15.4%) are significantly enhanced due to the better film morphology and strong crystallization of the BTP-2Cl-δ-based device, giving rise to boosted fill factors (FFs) and short-circuit current densities (JSC's). From BTP-2Cl-δ to BTP-4Cl, although JSC's (24.3 vs 25.0 mA cm-2) are slightly elevated due to the higher crystallinity of BTP-4Cl, leading to improved exciton dissociation and collection efficiencies, FFs (71.1 vs 68.0%) are obviously decreased owing to the unfavorable film morphology, unbalanced hole-electron mobilities, and higher charge recombination in BTP-4Cl-based devices. As such, the efficiency of the BTP-2Cl-δ-based device (15.4%) is superior to that of the BTP-4Cl-based device (14.5%). This work elucidates a design strategy by cutting the numbers of substituent chlorine to obtain desired energy levels and crystallization with optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Excitonic Materials Chemistry and Devices (EMC&D), College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot 010022, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huifeng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Excitonic Materials Chemistry and Devices (EMC&D), College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot 010022, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Excitonic Materials Chemistry and Devices (EMC&D), College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot 010022, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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42
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Sui Y, Shi Y, Deng Y, Li R, Bai J, Wang Z, Dang Y, Han Y, Kirby N, Ye L, Geng Y. Direct Arylation Polycondensation of Chlorinated Thiophene Derivatives to High-Mobility Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Riqing Li
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junhua Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nigel Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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