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Hao D, Gong Y, Wu J, Shen Q, Zhang Z, Zhi J, Zou R, Kong W, Kong L. A Self-Sensing and Self-Powered Wearable System Based on Multi-Source Human Motion Energy Harvesting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311036. [PMID: 38342584 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices play an indispensable role in modern life, and the human body contains multiple wasted energies available for wearable devices. This study proposes a self-sensing and self-powered wearable system (SS-WS) based on scavenging waist motion energy and knee negative energy. The proposed SS-WS consists of a three-degree-of-freedom triboelectric nanogenerator (TDF-TENG) and a negative energy harvester (NEH). The TDF-TENG is driven by waist motion energy and the generated triboelectric signals are processed by deep learning for recognizing the human motion. The triboelectric signals generated by TDF-TENG can accurately recognize the motion state after processing based on Gate Recurrent Unit deep learning model. With double frequency up-conversion, the NEH recovers knee negative energy generation for powering wearable devices. A model wearing the single energy harvester can generate the power of 27.01 mW when the movement speed is 8 km h-1, and the power density of NEH reaches 0.3 W kg-1 at an external excitation condition of 3 Hz. Experiments and analysis prove that the proposed SS-WS can realize self-sensing and effectively power wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daning Hao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Yuchen Gong
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 644000, China
- Tangshan Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Tangshan, 063008, China
| | - Jiaoyi Wu
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 644000, China
- School of Information Science and Technical, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Qianhui Shen
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zutao Zhang
- Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, 611730, China
| | - Jinyi Zhi
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Rui Zou
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Weihua Kong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Lingji Kong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 644000, China
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2
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Wei L, Wang SJ. Motion Tracking of Daily Living and Physical Activities in Health Care: Systematic Review From Designers' Perspective. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e46282. [PMID: 38709547 PMCID: PMC11106703 DOI: 10.2196/46282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motion tracking technologies serve as crucial links between physical activities and health care insights, facilitating data acquisition essential for analyzing and intervening in physical activity. Yet, systematic methodologies for evaluating motion tracking data, especially concerning user activity recognition in health care applications, remain underreported. OBJECTIVE This study aims to systematically review motion tracking in daily living and physical activities, emphasizing the critical interaction among devices, users, and environments from a design perspective, and to analyze the process involved in health care application research. It intends to delineate the design and application intricacies in health care contexts, focusing on enhancing motion tracking data's accuracy and applicability for health monitoring and intervention strategies. METHODS Using a systematic review, this research scrutinized motion tracking data and their application in health care and wellness, examining studies from Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and PubMed databases. The review used actor network theory and data-enabled design to understand the complex interplay between humans, devices, and environments within these applications. RESULTS Out of 1501 initially identified studies, 54 (3.66%) were included for in-depth analysis. These articles predominantly used accelerometer and gyroscope sensors (n=43, 80%) to monitor and analyze motion, demonstrating a strong preference for these technologies in capturing both dynamic and static activities. While incorporating portable devices (n=11, 20%) and multisensor configurations (n=16, 30%), the application of sensors across the body (n=15, 28%) and within physical spaces (n=17, 31%) highlights the diverse applications of motion tracking technologies in health care research. This diversity reflects the application's alignment with activity types ranging from daily movements to specialized scenarios. The results also reveal a diverse participant pool, including the general public, athletes, and specialized groups, with a focus on healthy individuals (n=31, 57%) and athletes (n=14, 26%). Despite this extensive application range, the focus primarily on laboratory-based studies (n=39, 72%) aimed at professional uses, such as precise activity identification and joint functionality assessment, emphasizes a significant challenge in translating findings from controlled environments to the dynamic conditions of everyday physical activities. CONCLUSIONS This study's comprehensive investigation of motion tracking technology in health care research reveals a significant gap between the methods used for data collection and their practical application in real-world scenarios. It proposes an innovative approach that includes designers in the research process, emphasizing the importance of incorporating data-enabled design framework. This ensures that motion data collection is aligned with the dynamic and varied nature of daily living and physical activities. Such integration is crucial for developing health applications that are accessible, intuitive, and tailored to meet diverse user needs. By leveraging a multidisciplinary approach that combines design, engineering, and health sciences, the research opens new pathways for enhancing the usability and effectiveness of health technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Stephen Jia Wang
- School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, China (Hong Kong)
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Hao D, Li Y, Wu J, Zeng L, Zhang Z, Chen H, Liu W. A self-powered and self-sensing knee negative energy harvester. iScience 2024; 27:109105. [PMID: 38375224 PMCID: PMC10875156 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Wearable devices realize health monitoring, information transmission, etc. In this study, the human-friendliness, adaptability, reliability, and economy (HARE) principle for designing human energy harvesters is first proposed and then a biomechanical energy harvester (BMEH) is proposed to recover the knee negative energy to generate electricity. The proposed BMEH is mounted on the waist of the human body and connected to the ankles by ropes for driving. Double-rotor mechanism and half-wave rectification mechanism design effectively improves energy conversion efficiency with higher power output density for more stable power output. The experimental results demonstrate that the double-rotor mechanism increases the output power of the BMEH by 70% compared to the single magnet-rotor mechanism. And the output power density of BMEH reaches 0.07 W/kg at a speed of 7 km/h. Furthermore, the BMEH demonstrates the excitation mode detection accuracy of 99.8% based on the Gate Recurrent Unit deep learning model with optimal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daning Hao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Tangshan Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Tangshan 063008, China
| | - Jiaoyi Wu
- School of Information Science and Technical, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Tangshan Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Tangshan 063008, China
| | - Zutao Zhang
- Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Tangshan Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Tangshan 063008, China
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Park J, Lee Y, Cho S, Choe A, Yeom J, Ro YG, Kim J, Kang DH, Lee S, Ko H. Soft Sensors and Actuators for Wearable Human-Machine Interfaces. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1464-1534. [PMID: 38314694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Haptic human-machine interfaces (HHMIs) combine tactile sensation and haptic feedback to allow humans to interact closely with machines and robots, providing immersive experiences and convenient lifestyles. Significant progress has been made in developing wearable sensors that accurately detect physical and electrophysiological stimuli with improved softness, functionality, reliability, and selectivity. In addition, soft actuating systems have been developed to provide high-quality haptic feedback by precisely controlling force, displacement, frequency, and spatial resolution. In this Review, we discuss the latest technological advances of soft sensors and actuators for the demonstration of wearable HHMIs. We particularly focus on highlighting material and structural approaches that enable desired sensing and feedback properties necessary for effective wearable HHMIs. Furthermore, promising practical applications of current HHMI technology in various areas such as the metaverse, robotics, and user-interactive devices are discussed in detail. Finally, this Review further concludes by discussing the outlook for next-generation HHMI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngoh Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungse Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayoung Choe
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghee Yeom
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Goo Ro
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjae Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
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5
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Liang Q, Zhang D, He T, Zhang Z, Wang H, Chen S, Lee C. Fiber-Based Noncontact Sensor with Stretchability for Underwater Wearable Sensing and VR Applications. ACS NANO 2024; 18:600-611. [PMID: 38126347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of artificial intelligent wearable devices has led to an increasing need for seamless information exchange between humans, machines, and virtual spaces, often relying on touch sensors as the primary interaction medium. Additionally, the demand for underwater detection technologies is on the rise owing to the prevalent wet and submerged environment. Here, a fiber-based capacitive sensor with superior stretchability and hydrophobicity is proposed, designed to cater to noncontact and underwater applications. The sensor is constructed using bacterial cellulose (BC)@BC/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (BBT) helical fiber as the matrix and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as the hydrophobic modified agent, forming a hydrophobic silylated BC@BC/CNT (SBBT) helical fiber by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. These fibers exhibit an impressive contact angle of 132.8°. The SBBT helicalfiber-based capacitive sensor presents capabilities for both noncontact and underwater sensing, which exhibits a significant capacitance change of -0.27 (at a distance of 0.5 cm). We have achieved interactive control between real space and virtual space through intelligent data analysis technology with minimal interference from the presence of water. This work has laid a solid foundation of noncontact sensing with attributes such as degradability, stretchability, and hydrophobicity. Moreover, it offers promising solutions for barrier-free communication in virtual reality (VR) and underwater applications, providing avenues for smart human-machine interfaces for submerged use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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Yuan J, Zhang Y, Wei C, Zhu R. A Fully Self-Powered Wearable Leg Movement Sensing System for Human Health Monitoring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303114. [PMID: 37590377 PMCID: PMC10582417 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Energy-autonomous wearable human activity monitoring is imperative for daily healthcare, benefiting from long-term sustainable uses. Herein, a fully self-powered wearable system, enabling real-time monitoring and assessments of human multimodal health parameters including knee joint movement, metabolic energy, locomotion speed, and skin temperature, which are fully self-powered by highly-efficient flexible thermoelectric generators (f-TEGs) is proposed and developed. The wearable system is composed of f-TEGs, fabric strain sensors, ultra-low-power edge computing, and Bluetooth. The f-TEGs worn on the leg not only harvest energy from body heat and supply power sustainably for the whole monitoring system, but also serve as zero-power motion sensors to detect limb movement and skin temperature. The fabric strain sensor made by printing PEDOT: PSS on pre-stretched nylon fiber-wrapped rubber band enables high-fidelity and ultralow-power measurements on highly-dynamic knee movements. Edge computing is elaborately designed to estimate multimodal health parameters including time-varying metabolic energy in real-time, which are wirelessly transmitted via Bluetooth. The whole monitoring system is operated automatically and intelligently, works sustainably in both static and dynamic states, and is fully self-powered by the f-TEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and InstrumentsDepartment of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yuzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and InstrumentsDepartment of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Caise Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and InstrumentsDepartment of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and InstrumentsDepartment of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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7
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Tao Q, Liu S, Zhang J, Jiang J, Jin Z, Huang Y, Liu X, Lin S, Zeng X, Li X, Tao G, Chen H. Clinical applications of smart wearable sensors. iScience 2023; 26:107485. [PMID: 37636055 PMCID: PMC10448028 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart wearable sensors are electronic devices worn on the body that collect, process, and transmit various physiological data. Compared to traditional devices, their advantages in terms of portability and comfort have made them increasingly important in the medical field. This review takes a unique clinical physician's standpoint, diverging from conventional sensor-type-based classifications, and provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse clinical applications of wearable sensors in recent years. In this review, we categorize these applications according to different diseases, encompassing skin diseases and injuries, cardiovascular diseases, abnormal human motion, as well as endocrine and metabolic disorders. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives hindering the development of sensors for clinical use, emphasizing the critical need for interdisciplinary collaboration between medical and engineering professionals. Overall, this review would serve as an important reference for the future direction of sensor devices in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Suwen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zilin Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuqiong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shiying Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Guangming Tao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
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8
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Wu T, Deng H, Sun Z, Zhang X, Lee C, Zhang X. Intelligent soft robotic fingers with multi-modality perception ability. iScience 2023; 26:107249. [PMID: 37502261 PMCID: PMC10368832 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of industry 4.0, automatic sorting is becoming prevalent in production lines. Herein, we developed a bionic sensing system to achieve real-time object recognition. The system consists of 9 single-layer triboelectric nanogenerators (SL-TENGs) as touch sensors and 3 comb-shaped TENGs (CS-TENGs) as bending sensors, with a sensitivity of 110 V/kPa and stable output after 20,000 press cycles. These sensors were attached to a manipulator composed of three soft actuators, serving as soft robotic fingers. An enhanced electrical output of these sensors was achieved successfully, demonstrating their feasibility in detecting grasping location, contact pressure, and bending curvature. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) with 98.96% accuracy extracted information from the sensors, enabling the manipulator to serve as an intelligent sensing system with multi-modality perception ability. This robotic manipulator successfully integrated TENG-based self-powered sensors, soft actuators, and artificial intelligence, demonstrating the potential for future digital twin applications, particularly in automatic component sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjing Wu
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Haitao Deng
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhongda Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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9
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Wang C, He T, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Lee C. Artificial intelligence enhanced sensors - enabling technologies to next-generation healthcare and biomedical platform. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:17. [PMID: 37528436 PMCID: PMC10394931 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The fourth industrial revolution has led to the development and application of health monitoring sensors that are characterized by digitalization and intelligence. These sensors have extensive applications in medical care, personal health management, elderly care, sports, and other fields, providing people with more convenient and real-time health services. However, these sensors face limitations such as noise and drift, difficulty in extracting useful information from large amounts of data, and lack of feedback or control signals. The development of artificial intelligence has provided powerful tools and algorithms for data processing and analysis, enabling intelligent health monitoring, and achieving high-precision predictions and decisions. By integrating the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and health monitoring sensors, it becomes possible to realize a closed-loop system with the functions of real-time monitoring, data collection, online analysis, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations. This review focuses on the development of healthcare artificial sensors enhanced by intelligent technologies from the aspects of materials, device structure, system integration, and application scenarios. Specifically, this review first introduces the great advances in wearable sensors for monitoring respiration rate, heart rate, pulse, sweat, and tears; implantable sensors for cardiovascular care, nerve signal acquisition, and neurotransmitter monitoring; soft wearable electronics for precise therapy. Then, the recent advances in volatile organic compound detection are highlighted. Next, the current developments of human-machine interfaces, AI-enhanced multimode sensors, and AI-enhanced self-sustainable systems are reviewed. Last, a perspective on future directions for further research development is also provided. In summary, the fusion of artificial intelligence and artificial sensors will provide more intelligent, convenient, and secure services for next-generation healthcare and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore.
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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10
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Guo ZH, Zhang Z, An K, He T, Sun Z, Pu X, Lee C. A Wearable Multidimensional Motion Sensor for AI-Enhanced VR Sports. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0154. [PMID: 37250953 PMCID: PMC10211429 DOI: 10.34133/research.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Regular exercise paves the way to a healthy life. However, conventional sports events are susceptible to weather conditions. Current motion sensors for home-based sports are mainly limited by operation power consumption, single-direction sensitivity, or inferior data analysis. Herein, by leveraging the 3-dimensional printing technique and triboelectric effect, a wearable self-powered multidimensional motion sensor has been developed to detect both the vertical and planar movement trajectory. By integrating with a belt, this sensor could be used to identify some low degree of freedom motions, e.g., waist or gait motion, with a high accuracy of 93.8%. Furthermore, when wearing the sensor at the ankle position, signals generated from shank motions that contain more abundant information could also be effectively collected. By means of a deep learning algorithm, the kicking direction and force could be precisely differentiated with an accuracy of 97.5%. Toward practical application, a virtual reality-enabled fitness game and a shooting game were successfully demonstrated. This work is believed to open up new insights for the development of future household sports or rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hao Guo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - ZiXuan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Kang An
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,
North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Zhongda Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xiong Pu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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11
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Li J, Yin J, Wee MGV, Chinnappan A, Ramakrishna S. A Self-Powered Piezoelectric Nanofibrous Membrane as Wearable Tactile Sensor for Human Body Motion Monitoring and Recognition. ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2023; 5:1-14. [PMID: 37361108 PMCID: PMC10088646 DOI: 10.1007/s42765-023-00282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have drawn vast interest for their convenience to be worn on body to monitor and track body movements or exercise activities in real time. However, wearable electronics rely on powering systems to function. Herein, a self-powered, porous, flexible, hydrophobic and breathable nanofibrous membrane based on electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber has been developed as a tactile sensor with low-cost and simple fabrication for human body motion detection and recognition. Specifically, effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and barium titanate (BTO) as additives to the fiber morphology as well as mechanical and dielectric properties of the piezoelectric nanofiber membrane were investigated. The fabricated BTO@PVDF piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) exhibits the high β-phase content and best overall electrical performances, thus selected for the flexible sensing device assembly. Meanwhile, the nanofibrous membrane demonstrated robust tactile sensing performance that the device exhibits durability over 12,000 loading test cycles, holds a fast response time of 82.7 ms, responds to a wide pressure range of 0-5 bar and shows a high relative sensitivity, especially in the small force range of 11.6 V/bar upon pressure applied perpendicular to the surface. Furthermore, when attached on human body, its unique fibrous and flexible structure offers the tactile sensor to present as a health care monitor in a self-powered manner by translating motions of different movements to electrical signals with various patterns or sequences. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42765-023-00282-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Li
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117081 Singapore
| | - Jing Yin
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117081 Singapore
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei Gui Vanessa Wee
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117081 Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077 Singapore
| | - Amutha Chinnappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117081 Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117081 Singapore
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12
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Lee J, So H. 3D-printing-assisted flexible pressure sensor with a concentric circle pattern and high sensitivity for health monitoring. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:44. [PMID: 37033109 PMCID: PMC10076430 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a flexible pressure sensor is fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a concentric circle pattern (CCP) obtained through a fused deposition modeling (FDM)-type three-dimensional (3D) printer and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the active layer. Through layer-by-layer additive manufacturing, the CCP surface is generated from a thin cone model with a rough surface by the FDM-type 3D printer. A novel compression method is employed to convert the cone shape into a planar microstructure above the glass transition temperature of a polylactic acid (PLA) filament. To endow the CCP surface with conductivity, PDMS is used to replicate the compressed PLA, and PEDOT:PSS is coated by drop-casting. The size of the CCP is controlled by changing the printing layer height (PLH), which is one of the 3D printing parameters. The sensitivity increases as the PLH increases, and the pressure sensor with a 0.16 mm PLH exhibits outstanding sensitivity (160 kPa-1), corresponding to a linear pressure range of 0-0.577 kPa with a good linearity of R 2 = 0.978, compared to other PLHs. This pressure sensor exhibits stable and repeatable operation under various pressures and durability under 6.56 kPa for 4000 cycles. Finally, monitoring of various health signals such as those for the wrist pulse, swallowing, and pronunciation of words is demonstrated as an application. These results support the simple fabrication of a highly sensitive, flexible pressure sensor for human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 South Korea
| | - Hongyun So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 South Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 South Korea
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13
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He T, Wen F, Yang Y, Le X, Liu W, Lee C. Emerging Wearable Chemical Sensors Enabling Advanced Integrated Systems toward Personalized and Preventive Medicine. Anal Chem 2023; 95:490-514. [PMID: 36625107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Xianhao Le
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Weixin Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
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14
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Gan W, Mok TN, Chen J, She G, Zha Z, Wang H, Li H, Li J, Zheng X. Researching the application of virtual reality in medical education: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:3. [PMID: 36597093 PMCID: PMC9808681 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with traditional tendon repair teaching methods, using a virtual reality (VR) simulator to teach tendon suturing can significantly improve medical students' exercise time, operation flow and operation knowledge. At present, the purpose of this study is to explore the long-term influence of VR simulator teaching on the practice performance of medical students. METHOD This is a one-year long-term follow-up study of a randomized controlled study. A total of 117 participants who completed the initial study were invited to participate in the follow-up study. Participants in the VR group and the control group were required to complete a questionnaire developed by the authors and the teachers in the teaching and research department and to provide their surgical internship scores and Objective Structure Clinical Examination(OSCE) graduation scores. RESULTS Of the 117 invitees, 108 completed the follow-up. The answers to the questions about career choice and study habits were more positive in the VR group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The total score for clinical practice in the VR group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the OSCE examination, the scores for physical examination, suturing and knotting and image reading were higher in the VR group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of the one-year long-term follow-up indicated that compared with medical students experiencing the traditional teaching mode, those experiencing the VR teaching mode had more determined career pursuit and active willingness to learn, better evaluations from teachers in the process of surgical clinical practice, and better scores in physical examination, suturing and knotting and image reading in the OSCE examination. In the study of nonlinear dynamics to cultivate a good learning model for medical students, the VR teaching model is expected to become an effective and stable initial sensitive element. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(25/05/2021, ChiCTR2100046648); http://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=90180 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Gan
- Institute of Orthopedics Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tsz-Ngai Mok
- Institute of Orthopedics Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyuan Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guorong She
- Institute of Orthopedics Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengang Zha
- Institute of Orthopedics Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No 28 Fuxing Road, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Jieruo Li
- Institute of Orthopedics Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Institute of Orthopedics Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Feng J, Zhou H, Cao Z, Zhang E, Xu S, Li W, Yao H, Wan L, Liu G. 0.5 m Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficient Blue Energy Harvesting of All-Sea Areas. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204407. [PMID: 36253135 PMCID: PMC9762320 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to harvest ocean wave blue energy is flourishing, yet the research horizon has been limited to centimeter-level TENG. Here, for the first time, a TENG shell is advanced for ocean energy harvesting to 0.5 m and an excellent frictional areal density of 1.03 cm-1 and economies of scale are obtained. The unique structure of the multi-arch shape is adopted to untie the difficulty of fully getting the extensive friction layer contact. An inside steel plate is vertically placed in the center of every TENG block, which can activate the TENG to achieve complete contact even at a tilt angle of 7 degrees. The proposed half-meter TENG (HM-TENG) has a broad response band from 0.1 to 2 Hz, a total transferred charge quantity up to 67.2 µC, and one single TENG can deliver an open-circuit voltage of 368 V. Coupled with the self-stabilizing and susceptible features the ellipsoid shell brings, the HM-TENG can readily accommodate itself to the all-weather, all-sea wave energy harvesting. Muchmore, the HM-TENG is also applied to RF signal transmitters. This work takes the first step toward near-meter-scale enclosures and provides a new direction for large-scale wave energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Feng
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
| | - Enyang Zhang
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
| | - Shuxing Xu
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
| | - Wangtao Li
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
| | - Huilu Yao
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
| | - Linyu Wan
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
| | - Guanlin Liu
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
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16
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Zhu M, Sun Z, Lee C. Soft Modular Glove with Multimodal Sensing and Augmented Haptic Feedback Enabled by Materials' Multifunctionalities. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14097-14110. [PMID: 35998364 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Immersive communications rely on smart perception based on diversified and augmented sensing and feedback technologies. However, the increasing of functional components also raises the issue of increased system complexity. Here, we propose a modular soft glove with multimodal sensing and feedback functions by exploring and utilizing the multiple properties of glove materials. With a single design of basic structure, the main functional unit possesses triboelectric-based sensing of static and dynamic contact, vibration, strain, and pneumatic actuation. Additionally, the same unit is also capable of offering pneumatic tactile haptic feedback and electroresistive thermal haptic feedback. Together with a machine learning algorithm, the proposed glove not only performs real-time detection of dexterous hand motion and direct feedback but also realizes intelligent object recognition and augmented feedback, which significantly enhance the communication and perception of more comprehensive information. In general, this glove utilizes a facile designed sensing and feedback device to achieve dual-way and multimodal communication among humans, machines, and the virtual world via smart perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Zhu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhongda Sun
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Center for Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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17
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Duan G, Li Y, Tan C. A Bridge-Shaped Vibration Energy Harvester with Resonance Frequency Tunability under DC Bias Electric Field. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081227. [PMID: 36014149 PMCID: PMC9416463 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A vibration piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) is usually designed with a resonance frequency at the external excitation frequency for higher energy conversion efficiency. Here, we proposed a bridge-shaped PEH capable of tuning its resonance frequency by applying a direct current (DC) electric field on piezoelectric elements. A theoretical model of the relationship between the resonance frequency and DC electric field was first established. Then, a verification experiment was carried out and the results revealed that the resonance frequency of the PEH can be tuned by applying a DC electric field to it. In the absence of an axial preload, the resonance frequency of the PEH can be changed by about 18.7 Hz under the DC electric field range from −0.25 kV/mm to 0.25 kV/mm. With an axial preload of 5 N and 10 N, the resonance frequency bandwidth of the PEH can be tuned to about 13.4 Hz and 11.2 Hz, respectively. Further experimental results indicate that the output power and charging response of the PEH can also be significantly enhanced under a DC electric field when the excitation frequency deviates from the resonance frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Duan
- School of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China;
- School of Civil Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Yingwei Li
- School of Civil Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
- School of Intelligent Construction, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Chi Tan
- School of Civil Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
- Wuhan Dislocation Technology Company, Wuhan 430072, China
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18
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A Bibliometric Analysis of Low-Cost Piezoelectric Micro-Energy Harvesting Systems from Ambient Energy Sources: Current Trends, Issues and Suggestions. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060975. [PMID: 35744589 PMCID: PMC9227358 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The scientific interest in piezoelectric micro-energy harvesting (PMEH) has been fast-growing, demonstrating that the field has made a major improvement in the long-term evolution of alternative energy sources. Although various research works have been performed and published over the years, only a few attempts have been made to examine the research's influence in this field. Therefore, this paper presents a bibliometric study into low-cost PMEH from ambient energy sources within the years 2010-2021, outlining current research trends, analytical assessment, novel insights, impacts, challenges and recommendations. The major goal of this paper is to provide a bibliometric evaluation that is based on the top-cited 100 articles employing the Scopus databases, information and refined keyword searches. This study analyses various key aspects, including PMEH emerging applications, authors' contributions, collaboration, research classification, keywords analysis, country's networks and state-of-the-art research areas. Moreover, several issues and concerns regarding PMEH are identified to determine the existing constraints and research gaps, such as technical, modeling, economics, power quality and environment. The paper also provides guidelines and suggestions for the development and enhancement of future PMEH towards improving energy efficiency, topologies, design, operational performance and capabilities. The in-depth information, critical discussion and analysis of this bibliometric study are expected to contribute to the advancement of the sustainable pathway for PMEH research.
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19
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Advanced Implantable Biomedical Devices Enabled by Triboelectric Nanogenerators. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081366. [PMID: 35458075 PMCID: PMC9032723 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Implantable biomedical devices (IMDs) play essential roles in healthcare. Subject to the limited battery life, IMDs cannot achieve long-term in situ monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. The proposal and rapid development of triboelectric nanogenerators free IMDs from the shackles of batteries and spawn a self-powered healthcare system. This review aims to overview the development of IMDs based on triboelectric nanogenerators, divided into self-powered biosensors, in vivo energy harvesting devices, and direct electrical stimulation therapy devices. Meanwhile, future challenges and opportunities are discussed according to the development requirements of current-level self-powered IMDs to enhance output performance, develop advanced triboelectric nanogenerators with multifunctional materials, and self-driven close-looped diagnosis and treatment systems.
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20
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Shi Q, Yang Y, Sun Z, Lee C. Progress of Advanced Devices and Internet of Things Systems as Enabling Technologies for Smart Homes and Health Care. ACS MATERIALS AU 2022; 2:394-435. [PMID: 36855708 PMCID: PMC9928409 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, various devices (e.g., sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, etc.) and systems have been developed toward the realization of smart homes/buildings and personal health care. These advanced devices can be categorized into ambient devices and wearable devices based on their usage scenarios, to enable motion tracking, health monitoring, daily care, home automation, fall detection, intelligent interaction, assistance, living convenience, and security in smart homes. With the rapidly increasing number of such advanced devices and IoT systems, achieving fully self-sustained and multimodal intelligent systems is becoming more and more important to realize a sustainable and all-in-one smart home platform. Hence, in this Review, we systematically present the recent progress of the development of advanced materials, fabrication techniques, devices, and systems for enabling smart home and health care applications. First, advanced polymer, fiber, and fabric materials as well as their respective fabrication techniques for large-scale manufacturing are discussed. After that, functional devices classified into ambient devices (at home ambiance such as door, floor, table, chair, bed, toilet, window, wall, etc.) and wearable devices (on body parts such as finger, wrist, arm, throat, face, back, etc.) are presented for diverse monitoring and auxiliary applications. Next, the current developments of self-sustained systems and intelligent systems are reviewed in detail, indicating two promising research directions in this field. Last, conclusions and outlook pinpointed on the existing challenges and opportunities are provided for the research community to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongfeng Shi
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore,Center
for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore,Suzhou
Research Institute (NUSRI), National University
of Singapore, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore,Center
for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore,Suzhou
Research Institute (NUSRI), National University
of Singapore, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhongda Sun
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore,Center
for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore,Suzhou
Research Institute (NUSRI), National University
of Singapore, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore,Center
for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore,Suzhou
Research Institute (NUSRI), National University
of Singapore, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China,NUS
Graduate School - Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore,
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21
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Tang G, Wang Z, Hu X, Wu S, Xu B, Li Z, Yan X, Xu F, Yuan D, Li P, Shi Q, Lee C. A Non-Resonant Piezoelectric-Electromagnetic-Triboelectric Hybrid Energy Harvester for Low-Frequency Human Motions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1168. [PMID: 35407286 PMCID: PMC9000779 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of wireless communication and micro-power technologies, smart wearable devices with various functionalities appear more and more in our daily lives. Nevertheless, they normally possess short battery life and need to be recharged with external power sources with a long charging time, which seriously affects the user experience. To help extend the battery life or even replace it, a non-resonant piezoelectric-electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid energy harvester is presented to effectively harvest energy from low-frequency human motions. In the designed structure, a moving magnet is used to simultaneously excite the three integrated energy collection units (i.e., piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and triboelectric) with a synergistic effect, such that the overall output power and energy-harvesting efficiency of the hybrid device can be greatly improved under various excitations. The experimental results show that with a vibration frequency of 4 Hz and a displacement of 200 mm, the hybrid energy harvester obtains a maximum output power of 26.17 mW at 70 kΩ for one piezoelectric generator (PEG) unit, 87.1 mW at 500 Ω for one electromagnetic generator (EMG) unit, and 63 μW at 140 MΩ for one triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) unit, respectively. Then, the generated outputs are adopted for capacitor charging, which reveals that the performance of the three-unit integration is remarkably stronger than that of individual units. Finally, the practical energy-harvesting experiments conducted on various body parts such as wrist, calf, hand, and waist indicate that the proposed hybrid energy harvester has promising application potential in constructing a self-powered wearable system as the sustainable power source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Tang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Precision Drive & Control, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China; (G.T.); (Z.W.); (X.H.); (S.W.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (F.X.); (D.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Precision Drive & Control, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China; (G.T.); (Z.W.); (X.H.); (S.W.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (F.X.); (D.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Xin Hu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Precision Drive & Control, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China; (G.T.); (Z.W.); (X.H.); (S.W.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (F.X.); (D.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Shaojie Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Precision Drive & Control, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China; (G.T.); (Z.W.); (X.H.); (S.W.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (F.X.); (D.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Bin Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Precision Drive & Control, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China; (G.T.); (Z.W.); (X.H.); (S.W.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (F.X.); (D.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Zhibiao Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Precision Drive & Control, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China; (G.T.); (Z.W.); (X.H.); (S.W.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (F.X.); (D.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Precision Drive & Control, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China; (G.T.); (Z.W.); (X.H.); (S.W.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (F.X.); (D.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Fang Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Precision Drive & Control, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China; (G.T.); (Z.W.); (X.H.); (S.W.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (F.X.); (D.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Precision Drive & Control, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China; (G.T.); (Z.W.); (X.H.); (S.W.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (F.X.); (D.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Peisheng Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Precision Drive & Control, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China; (G.T.); (Z.W.); (X.H.); (S.W.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.); (F.X.); (D.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Qiongfeng Shi
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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22
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Luo J, Li Y, He M, Wang Z, Li C, Liu D, An J, Xie W, He Y, Xiao W, Li Z, Wang ZL, Tang W. Rehabilitation of Total Knee Arthroplasty by Integrating Conjoint Isometric Myodynamia and Real-Time Rotation Sensing System. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105219. [PMID: 35038245 PMCID: PMC8922106 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As the world population structure has already exhibited an inevitable trend of aging, technical advances that can provide better eldercare are highly desired. Knee osteoarthritis, one of the most common age-associated diseases, can be effectively treated via total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, patients are suffering from the recovery process due to inconvenience in post-hospital treatment. Here, a portable, modular, and wearable brace for self-assessment of TKA patients' rehabilitation is reported. This system mainly consists of a force transducer for isometric muscle strength measurement and an active angle sensor for knee bending detection. Clinical experiments on TKA patients demonstrate the feasibility and significance of the system. Specifically, via brace-based personalized healthcare, the TKA patients' rehabilitation process is quantified in terms of myodynamia, and a definite rehabilitation enhancement is obtained. Additionally, new indicators, that is, isometric muscle test score, for evaluating TKA rehabilitation are proposed. It is anticipated that, as the cloud database is employed and more rehabilitation data are collected in the near future, the brace system can not only facilitate rehabilitations of TKA patients, but also improve life quality for geriatric patients and open a new space for remote artificial intelligence medical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhe Luo
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of OrthopedicsXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008P. R. China
| | - Miao He
- Department of OrthopedicsXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008P. R. China
| | - Ziming Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Chengyu Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Di Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jie An
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of OrthopedicsXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008P. R. China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Department of OrthopedicsXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of OrthopedicsXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008P. R. China
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
- School of Material Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332‐0245USA
- CUSPEA Institute of TechnologyWenzhou325024P. R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
- Institute of Applied NanotechnologyJiaxing314031P. R. China
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23
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Zhang Q, Jin T, Cai J, Xu L, He T, Wang T, Tian Y, Li L, Peng Y, Lee C. Wearable Triboelectric Sensors Enabled Gait Analysis and Waist Motion Capture for IoT-Based Smart Healthcare Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103694. [PMID: 34796695 PMCID: PMC8811828 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gait and waist motions always contain massive personnel information and it is feasible to extract these data via wearable electronics for identification and healthcare based on the Internet of Things (IoT). There also remains a demand to develop a cost-effective human-machine interface to enhance the immersion during the long-term rehabilitation. Meanwhile, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) revealing its merits in both wearable electronics and IoT tends to be a possible solution. Herein, the authors present wearable TENG-based devices for gait analysis and waist motion capture to enhance the intelligence and performance of the lower-limb and waist rehabilitation. Four triboelectric sensors are equidistantly sewed onto a fabric belt to recognize the waist motion, enabling the real-time robotic manipulation and virtual game for immersion-enhanced waist training. The insole equipped with two TENG sensors is designed for walking status detection and a 98.4% identification accuracy for five different humans aiming at rehabilitation plan selection is achieved by leveraging machine learning technology to further analyze the signals. Through a lower-limb rehabilitation robot, the authors demonstrate that the sensory system performs well in user recognition, motion monitoring, as well as robot and gaming-aided training, showing its potential in IoT-based smart healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and RoboticsSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and AutomationShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- School of Artificial IntelligenceShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Tao Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and RoboticsSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and AutomationShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- School of Artificial IntelligenceShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Jianguo Cai
- Key Laboratory of C and PC Structures of Ministry of EducationNational Prestress Engineering Research CenterSoutheast UniversityNanjing211189China
| | - Liang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and RoboticsSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and AutomationShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- School of Artificial IntelligenceShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117583Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM)National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117583Singapore
| | - Tianhong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and RoboticsSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and AutomationShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- School of Artificial IntelligenceShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Yingzhong Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and RoboticsSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and AutomationShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Long Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and RoboticsSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and AutomationShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- School of Artificial IntelligenceShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Yan Peng
- School of Artificial IntelligenceShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117583Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM)National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117583Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI)Suzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou215123China
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24
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Gao S, Cao Q, Zhou N, Ao H, Jiang H. Design and Test of a Spoke-like Piezoelectric Energy Harvester. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020232. [PMID: 35208356 PMCID: PMC8875698 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With the development of industry IoT, microprocessors and sensors are widely used for autonomously transferring information to cyber-physics systems. Massive quantities and huge power consumption of the devices result in a severe increment of the chemical batteries, which is highly associated with problems, including environmental pollution, waste of human/financial resources, difficulty in replacement, etc. Driven by this issue, mechanical energy harvesting technology has been widely studied in the last few years as a great potential solution for battery substitution. Therefore, the piezoelectric generator is characterized as an efficient transformer from ambient vibration into electricity. In this paper, a spoke-like piezoelectric energy harvester is designed and fabricated with detailed introductions on the structure, materials, and fabrication. Focusing on improving the output efficiency and broadening the pulse width, on the one hand, the energy harvesting circuit is optimized by adding voltage monitoring and regulator modules. On the other hand, magnetic mass is adopted to employ the magnetic field of repulsive and upper repulsion–lower attraction mode. The spoke-like piezoelectric energy harvester suggests broadening the frequency domain and increasing the output performance, which is prepared for wireless sensors and portable electronics in remote areas and harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China; (S.G.); (Q.C.); (N.Z.); (H.J.)
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25
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Shi Q, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Shan X, Salam B, Lee C. Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) Enabled Floor Monitoring System for Smart Home Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18312-18326. [PMID: 34723468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To enable smart homes and relative applications, the floor monitoring system with embedded triboelectric sensors has been proven as an effective paradigm to capture the ample sensory information from our daily activities, without the camera-associated privacy concerns. Yet the inherent limitations of triboelectric sensors such as high susceptibility to humidity and long-term stability remain a great challenge to develop a reliable floor monitoring system. Here we develop a robust and smart floor monitoring system through the synergistic integration of highly reliable triboelectric coding mats and deep-learning-assisted data analytics. Two quaternary coding electrodes are configured, and their outputs are normalized with respect to a reference electrode, leading to highly stable detection that is not affected by the ambient parameters and operation manners. Besides, due to the universal electrode pattern design, all the floor mats can be screen-printed with only one mask, rendering higher facileness and cost-effectiveness. Then a distinctive coding can be implemented to each floor mat through external wiring, which permits the parallel-array connection to minimize the output terminals and system complexity. Further integrating with deep-learning-assisted data analytics, a smart floor monitoring system is realized for various smart home monitoring and interactions, including position/trajectory tracking, identity recognition, and automatic controls. Hence, the developed low-cost, large-area, reliable, and smart floor monitoring system shows a promising advancement of floor sensing technology in smart home applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongfeng Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology and National University of Singapore (SIMTech-NUS) Joint Lab on Large-area Flexible Hybrid Electronics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuechuan Shan
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology and National University of Singapore (SIMTech-NUS) Joint Lab on Large-area Flexible Hybrid Electronics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Printed Intelligent Device Group, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 637662, Singapore
| | - Budiman Salam
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology and National University of Singapore (SIMTech-NUS) Joint Lab on Large-area Flexible Hybrid Electronics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Printed Intelligent Device Group, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 637662, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology and National University of Singapore (SIMTech-NUS) Joint Lab on Large-area Flexible Hybrid Electronics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School - Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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26
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Liu L, Guo X, Liu W, Lee C. Recent Progress in the Energy Harvesting Technology-From Self-Powered Sensors to Self-Sustained IoT, and New Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2975. [PMID: 34835739 PMCID: PMC8620223 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the fast development of energy harvesting technology, micro-nano or scale-up energy harvesters have been proposed to allow sensors or internet of things (IoT) applications with self-powered or self-sustained capabilities. Facilitation within smart homes, manipulators in industries and monitoring systems in natural settings are all moving toward intellectually adaptable and energy-saving advances by converting distributed energies across diverse situations. The updated developments of major applications powered by improved energy harvesters are highlighted in this review. To begin, we study the evolution of energy harvesting technologies from fundamentals to various materials. Secondly, self-powered sensors and self-sustained IoT applications are discussed regarding current strategies for energy harvesting and sensing. Third, subdivided classifications investigate typical and new applications for smart homes, gas sensing, human monitoring, robotics, transportation, blue energy, aircraft, and aerospace. Lastly, the prospects of smart cities in the 5G era are discussed and summarized, along with research and application directions that have emerged.
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Grants
- Grant No. 2019YFB2004800, Project No. R-2020-S-002 the research grant of National Key Research and Development Program of China, China (Grant No. 2019YFB2004800, Project No. R-2020-S-002) at NUSRI, Suzhou, China;
- A18A4b0055 the research grant of RIE Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME) programmatic grant A18A4b0055 'Nanosystems at the Edge' at NUS, Singapore
- R-263-000-C91-305 the Singapore-Poland Joint Grant (R-263-000-C91-305) 'Chip Scale MEMS Micro-Spectrometer for Monitoring Harsh Industrial Gases' by Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Program, P
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore; (L.L.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinge Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore; (L.L.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore; (L.L.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore; (L.L.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School—Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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