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Pecori Giraldi F, Ferraù F, Ragonese M, Cannavò S. Endocrine disruptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and cortisol secretion. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02371-w. [PMID: 38637430 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endocrine disruptors exert a plethora of effects in endocrine tissues, from altered function to carcinogenesis. Given its lipophilic nature, the adrenal cortex represents an ideal target for endocrine disruptors and thus, possibly, xenobiotic-induced adrenocortical dysfunction. However, there is no clear understanding of the effect of endocrine disruptors on adrenal steroidogenesis, in particular as regards the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway, one of the key mediators. METHODS The present review recapitulates available evidence on the effects of AHR ligands on adrenal steroidogenesis, with focus on cortisol secretion. RESULTS Short-term exposure to AHR ligands most often induced a stress-like corticosteroid response followed by decreased responsiveness to stressors with long-term exposure. This was observed in several experimental models across species as well as in animals and humans in real-life settings. Prenatal exposure led to different effects according to sex of the offspring, as observed in murine models and in children from mothers in several countries. In vitro findings proved highly dependent on the experimental setting, with reduced cortisol response and steroidogenic enzyme synthesis mostly observed in fish and increased cortisol synthesis and secretion observed in murine and human adrenal cell lines. Of note, no AHR-binding element was detected in steroidogenic enzyme promoters, suggesting the involvement of additional factors. CONCLUSION Our review provides evidence for the impact of AHR ligands on adrenocortical function and indicates further avenues of research to better clarify its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pecori Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 19, Milan, Italy.
| | - F Ferraù
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi,", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Ragonese
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi,", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Cannavò
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi,", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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2
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Salminen A. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) reveals evidence of antagonistic pleiotropy in the regulation of the aging process. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:489. [PMID: 35987825 PMCID: PMC9392714 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis is a well-known evolutionary theory to explain the aging process. It proposes that while a particular gene may possess beneficial effects during development, it can exert deleterious properties in the aging process. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has a significant role during embryogenesis, but later in life, it promotes several age-related degenerative processes. For instance, AhR factor (i) controls the pluripotency of stem cells and the stemness of cancer stem cells, (ii) it enhances the differentiation of embryonal stem cells, especially AhR signaling modulates the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells, (iii) it also stimulates the differentiation of immunosuppressive Tregs, Bregs, and M2 macrophages, and finally, (iv) AhR signaling participates in the differentiation of many peripheral tissues. On the other hand, AhR signaling is involved in many processes promoting cellular senescence and pathological processes, e.g., osteoporosis, vascular dysfunction, and the age-related remodeling of the immune system. Moreover, it inhibits autophagy and aggravates extracellular matrix degeneration. AhR signaling also stimulates oxidative stress, promotes excessive sphingolipid synthesis, and disturbs energy metabolism by catabolizing NAD+ degradation. The antagonistic pleiotropy of AhR signaling is based on the complex and diverse connections with major signaling pathways in a context-dependent manner. The major regulatory steps include, (i) a specific ligand-dependent activation, (ii) modulation of both genetic and non-genetic responses, (iii) a competition and crosstalk with several transcription factors, such as ARNT, HIF-1α, E2F1, and NF-κB, and (iv) the epigenetic regulation of target genes with binding partners. Thus, not only mTOR signaling but also the AhR factor demonstrates antagonistic pleiotropy in the regulation of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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3
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Pan Z, Liu Q, Xu J, Li W, Lin H. Microplastic contamination in seafood from Dongshan Bay in southeastern China and its health risk implication for human consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119163. [PMID: 35305345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has been a considerable concern due to its ubiquity in the environment and its potential to harm human health. Unfortunately, the exact levels of MP in various species of seafood species have not been established. It is also unclear whether or not consuming seafood contaminated with MPs directly jeopardizes human health. Here, eight popular species of seafood in Dongshan Bay, China were investigated to determine the presence of MP pollution and its implications on human health. The abundance, color, size, shape, type, surface morphology, danger of the MPs extracted from the seafood were analyzed. Results showed that the average MP abundance in the shellfish and fish was 1.88 ± 1.44 and 1.98 ± 1.98 items individual-1, respectively. The heavy presence of fibers may be attributed to the shellfish and fish's feeding behaviors as well as their habitat and environment. The sizes of MPs found were below 1.0 mm. The main types of MP found in the shellfish were PES and PET, whereas the main types found in the fish were PS and PES. Risk assessment suggested that MPs in the shellfish (risk Level V) posed a greater and more direct threat to human health if the shellfish is eaten whole. The MPs in the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of fish (risk Level IV) have a relatively limited effect on human health since GITs are seldom consumed by humans unless the fish is heavily processed (canned or dried). MPs-induced health risk is predicted using a technique called molecular docking. The results of this study not only establish levels of MP pollution in popular seafood species but also help understand the implications of consuming MP-contaminated seafood on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Pan
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Fujian Provincial Station for Field Observation and Research of Island and Costal Zone in Zhangzhou, Zhangzhou, 363216, China; Observation and Research Station of Island and Coastal Ecosystem in the Western Taiwan Strait, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Qianlong Liu
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Weiwen Li
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Effects of dietary whole grain buckwheat and oat on benzo[a]pyrene-induced genotoxicity, oxidative and pyroptotic injury in liver of mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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5
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The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR): A Novel Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031516. [PMID: 35163440 PMCID: PMC8836075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a cytoplasmic transcription factor that is well-known for regulating xenobiotic metabolism. Studies in knockout and transgenic mice indicate that the AHR plays a vital role in the development of liver and regulation of reproductive, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, and immune homeostasis. In this focused review on lung diseases associated with acute injury and alveolar development, we reviewed and summarized the current literature on the mechanistic role(s) and therapeutic potential of the AHR in acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Pre-clinical studies indicate that endogenous AHR activation is necessary to protect neonatal and adult lungs against hyperoxia- and cigarette smoke-induced injury. Our goal is to provide insight into the high translational potential of the AHR in the meaningful management of infants and adults with these lung disorders that lack curative therapies.
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6
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The Role of AhR in the Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Friend and Foe. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102729. [PMID: 34685709 PMCID: PMC8534784 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, has been considered to be involved in aging phenotypes across several species. This receptor is a highly conserved biosensor that is activated by numerous exogenous and endogenous molecules, including microbiota metabolites, to mediate several physiological and toxicological functions. Brain aging hallmarks, which include glial cell activation and inflammation, increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence, increase the vulnerability of humans to various neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, many studies have implicated AhR signaling pathways in the aging process and longevity across several species. This review provides an overview of the impact of AhR pathways on various aging hallmarks in the brain and the implications for AhR signaling as a mechanism in regulating aging-related diseases of the brain. We also explore how the nature of AhR ligands determines the outcomes of several signaling pathways in brain aging processes.
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Larigot L, Benoit L, Koual M, Tomkiewicz C, Barouki R, Coumoul X. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Its Diverse Ligands and Functions: An Exposome Receptor. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:383-404. [PMID: 34499523 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052220-115707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcriptional factor that regulates multiple functions following its activation by a variety of ligands, including xenobiotics, natural products, microbiome metabolites, and endogenous molecules. Because of this diversity, the AhR constitutes an exposome receptor. One of its main functions is to regulate several lines of defense against chemical insults and bacterial infections. Indeed, in addition to its well-established detoxication function, it has several functions at physiological barriers, and it plays a critical role in immunomodulation. The AhR is also involved in the development of several organs and their homeostatic maintenance. Its activity depends on the type of ligand and on the time frame of the receptor activation, which can be either sustained or transient, leading in some cases to opposite modes of regulations as illustrated in the regulation of different cancer pathways. The development of selective modulators and their pharmacological characterization are important areas of research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Larigot
- INSERM UMR-S1124, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Louise Benoit
- INSERM UMR-S1124, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; .,Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Meriem Koual
- INSERM UMR-S1124, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; .,Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Céline Tomkiewicz
- INSERM UMR-S1124, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S1124, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; .,Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S1124, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
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Choudhary M, Malek G. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A Mediator and Potential Therapeutic Target for Ocular and Non-Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186777. [PMID: 32947781 PMCID: PMC7555571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which senses environmental, dietary or metabolic signals to mount a transcriptional response, vital in health and disease. As environmental stimuli and metabolic products have been shown to impact the central nervous system (CNS), a burgeoning area of research has been on the role of the AHR in ocular and non-ocular neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we summarize our current knowledge, of AHR-controlled cellular processes and their impact on regulating pathobiology of select ocular and neurodegenerative diseases. We catalogue animal models generated to study the role of the AHR in tissue homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss the potential of targeting the AHR pathway as a therapeutic strategy, in the context of the maladies of the eye and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Choudhary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2351 Erwin Road, P.O. Box 3802, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Goldis Malek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2351 Erwin Road, P.O. Box 3802, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.M.)
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9
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Elastin-derived peptide VGVAPG affects the proliferation of mouse cortical astrocytes with the involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ), and elastin-binding protein (EBP). Cytokine 2019; 126:154930. [PMID: 31760184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During aging and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, elastin molecules are degraded and elastin-derived peptides are released into the brain microenvironment. Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly (VGVAPG) is a repeating hexapeptide in the elastin molecule. It is well documented that the peptide sequence binds with high affinity to elastin-binding protein (EBP) located on the cell surface, thereby transducing a molecular signal into the cell. The aim of our study was to investigate whether EBP, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) are involved in VGVAPG-stimulated proliferation. Primary astrocytes were maintained in DMEM/F12 medium without phenol red, supplemented with 10 or 1% charcoal/dextran-treated fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of VGVAPG peptide, and resazurin reduction was measured. In addition, Glb1, Pparγ, and Ahr genes were silenced. After 48 h of exposure to 10 nM and 1 µM of VGVAPG peptide, the level of estradiol (E2) and the expression of Ki67 and S100B proteins were measured. The results showed that at a wide range of concentrations, VGVAPG peptide increased the metabolism of astrocytes depending on the concentration of FBS. After silencing of Glb1, Pparγ, and Ahr genes, VGVAPG peptide did not affect the cell metabolism which suggests the involvement of all the mentioned receptors in its mechanism of action. Interestingly, in the low-FBS medium, the silencing of Glb1 gene did not result in complete inhibition of VGVAPG-stimulated proliferation. On the other hand, in the medium with 10% FBS VGVAPG increased Ki67 expression after Pparγ silencing, whereas in the medium with 1% FBS VGVAPG decreased Ki67 expression. Following the application of Ahr siRNA, VGVAPG peptide decreased the production of E2 and increased the expression of Ki67 and S100B proteins.
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10
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Wu PY, Chuang PY, Chang GD, Chan YY, Tsai TC, Wang BJ, Lin KH, Hsu WM, Liao YF, Lee H. Novel Endogenous Ligands of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mediate Neural Development and Differentiation of Neuroblastoma. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4031-4042. [PMID: 31404492 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling has been suggested to play roles in various physiological functions independent of its xenobiotic activity, including cell cycle regulation, immune response, and embryonic development. Several endogenous ligands were also identified by high-throughput screening techniques. However, the mechanism by which these molecules mediate AHR signaling in certain functions is still elusive. In this study, we investigated the possible pathway through which AHR and its endogenous ligands regulate neural development. We first identified two neuroactive steroids, 3α,5α-tetrahydrocorticosterone and 3α,5β-tetrahydrocorticosterone (5α- and 5β-THB), as novel AHR endogenous ligands through the use of an ultrasensitive dioxin-like compound bioassay and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). We then treated zebrafish embryos with 5α- and 5β-THB, which enhance the expression of neurogenesis marker HuC. Furthermore, 5α- and 5β-THB both enhanced the expression of myelinating glial cell markers, sex determining region Y-box 10 (Sox10), and myelin-associated proteins myelin basic protein (Mbp) and improved the mobility of zebrafish larvae via the Ahr2 pathway. These results indicated that AHR mediates zebrafish neurogenesis and gliogenesis, especially the differentiation of oligodendrocyte or Schwann cells. Additionally, we showed that these molecules may induce neuroblastoma (NB) cell differentiation suggesting therapeutic potential of 5α- and 5β-THB in NB treatment. In summary, our results reveal that 5α- and 5β-THB are endogenous ligands of AHR and have therapeutic potential for NB treatment. By the interaction with THB, AHR signaling regulates various aspects of neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Chuang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Geen-Dong Chang
- Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Tsai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jeng Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Liao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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11
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Larigot L, Juricek L, Dairou J, Coumoul X. AhR signaling pathways and regulatory functions. BIOCHIMIE OPEN 2018; 7:1-9. [PMID: 30003042 PMCID: PMC6039966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Animals and humans are exposed each day to a multitude of chemicals in the air, water and food. They have developed a battery of enzymes and transporters that facilitate the biotransformation and elimination of these compounds. Moreover, a majority of these enzymes and transporters are inducible due to the activation of xenobiotic receptors which act as transcription factors for the regulation of their target genes (such as xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, see below §4 for the AhR). These receptors include several members of the nuclear/steroid receptor family (CAR for Constitutive Androstane Receptor, PXR for Pregnane X Receptor) but also the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor or AhR, a member of the bHLH-PAS family (basic Helix-Loop-Helix - Period/ARNT/Single minded). In addition to the regulation of xenobiotic metabolism, numerous alternative functions have been characterized for the AhR since its discovery. These alternative functions will be described in this review along with its endogenous functions as revealed by experiments performed on knock-out animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Larigot
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ludmila Juricek
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- CNRS 8601, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
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12
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Singh AJ, Chang CN, Ma HY, Ramsey SA, Filtz TM, Kioussi C. FACS-Seq analysis of Pax3-derived cells identifies non-myogenic lineages in the embryonic forelimb. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7670. [PMID: 29769607 PMCID: PMC5956100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle in the forelimb develops during embryonic and fetal development and perinatally. While much is known regarding the molecules involved in forelimb myogenesis, little is known about the specific mechanisms and interactions. Migrating skeletal muscle precursor cells express Pax3 as they migrate into the forelimb from the dermomyotome. To compare gene expression profiles of the same cell population over time, we isolated lineage-traced Pax3+ cells (Pax3EGFP) from forelimbs at different embryonic days. We performed whole transcriptome profiling via RNA-Seq of Pax3+ cells to construct gene networks involved in different stages of embryonic and fetal development. With this, we identified genes involved in the skeletal, muscular, vascular, nervous and immune systems. Expression of genes related to the immune, skeletal and vascular systems showed prominent increases over time, suggesting a non-skeletal myogenic context of Pax3-derived cells. Using co-expression analysis, we observed an immune-related gene subnetwork active during fetal myogenesis, further implying that Pax3-derived cells are not a strictly myogenic lineage, and are involved in patterning and three-dimensional formation of the forelimb through multiple systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun J Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Chih-Ning Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.,Molecular Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yen Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Theresa M Filtz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
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Park JH, Lee JM, Lee EJ, Hwang WB, Kim DJ. Indole-3-Carbinol Promotes Goblet-Cell Differentiation Regulating Wnt and Notch Signaling Pathways AhR-Dependently. Mol Cells 2018; 41:290-300. [PMID: 29562732 PMCID: PMC5935097 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an in vitro model of intestinal organoids derived from intestinal crypts, we examined effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a phytochemical that has anticancer and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-activating abilities and thus is sold as a dietary supplement, on the development of intestinal organoids and investigated the underlying mechanisms. I3C inhibited the in vitro development of mouse intestinal organoids. Addition of α-naphthoflavone, an AhR antagonist or AhR siRNA transfection, suppressed I3C function, suggesting that I3C-mediated interference with organoid development is AhR-dependent. I3C increased the expression of Muc2 and lysozyme, lineage-specific genes for goblet cells and Paneth cells, respectively, but inhibits the expression of IAP, a marker gene for enterocytes. In the intestines of mice treated with I3C, the number of goblet cells was reduced, but the number of Paneth cells and the depth and length of crypts and villi were not changed. I3C increased the level of active nonphosphorylated β-catenin, but suppressed the Notch signal. As a result, expression of Hes1, a Notch target gene and a transcriptional repressor that plays a key role in enterocyte differentiation, was reduced, whereas expression of Math1, involved in the differentiation of secretory lineages, was increased. These results provide direct evidence for the role of AhR in the regulation of the development of intestinal stem cells and indicate that such regulation is likely mediated by regulation of Wnt and Notch signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hung Park
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140,
Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140,
Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140,
Korea
| | - Won-Bhin Hwang
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140,
Korea
| | - Da-Jeong Kim
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140,
Korea
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14
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Voriconazole-induced photocarcinogenesis is promoted by aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent COX-2 upregulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5050. [PMID: 29568008 PMCID: PMC5864729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Voriconazole (VRCZ) induces the development of UV-associated skin cancers. The mechanism underlying the VRCZ-induced carcinogenesis has been largely unknown. Here, we showed that VRCZ metabolites plus UVA generated reactive oxygen species and resultant DNA damage of the epidermis, but did not induce substantial apoptosis in human keratinocytes (KCs). Furthermore, VRCZ per se stimulates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and upregulates COX-2, which is a pivotal enzyme for the promotion of UV-associated tumors, in an AhR-ARNT dependent manner of the classical (genomic) pathway. Our findings suggest that the phototoxic moieties of VRCZ metabolites may participate in the initiation phase of VRCZ skin cancer, while VRCZ per se promotes the tumor development. Therefore, during VRCZ therapy, sun exposure protection is essential to prevent photocarcinogenesis caused by VRCZ metabolites plus UV. Chemoprevention with selective COX-2 inhibitors may be helpful to repress the development of skin cancers derived from DNA-damaged KCs.
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15
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Wang YC, Tsai CF, Chuang HL, Chang YC, Chen HS, Lee JN, Tsai EM. Benzyl butyl phthalate promotes breast cancer stem cell expansion via SPHK1/S1P/S1PR3 signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29563-76. [PMID: 27129165 PMCID: PMC5045417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms unique to breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is required to control breast cancer metastasis. We found that phthalates promote BCSCs in human breast cancer cell cultures and xenograft tumors. A toxic phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor in breast cancer cells to stimulate sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1)/sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) signaling and enhance formation of metastasis-initiating BCSCs. BBP induced histone modifications in S1PR3 in side population (SP) cells, but not in non-SP cells. SPHK1 or S1PR3 knockdown in breast cancer cells effectively reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Our findings suggest S1PR3 is a determinant of phthalate-driven breast cancer metastasis and a possible therapeutic target for regulating BCSC populations. Furthermore, the association between breast carcinogenesis and environmental pollutants has important implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Applied Research Laboratories, National Laboratory Animal Center, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chih Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Nan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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16
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Hale MD, Galligan TM, Rainwater TR, Moore BC, Wilkinson PM, Guillette LJ, Parrott BB. AHR and CYP1A expression link historical contamination events to modern day developmental effects in the American alligator. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:1050-1061. [PMID: 28764121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that initiates a transcriptional pathway responsible for the expression of CYP1A subfamily members, key to the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds. Toxic planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, including dioxin and PCBs, are capable of activating the AHR, and while dioxin and PCB inputs into the environment have been dramatically curbed following strict regulatory efforts in the United States, they persist in the environment and exposures remain relevant today. Little is known regarding the effects that long-term chronic exposures to dioxin or dioxin-like compounds might have on the development and subsequent health of offspring from exposed individuals, nor is much known regarding AHR expression in reptilians. Here, we characterize AHR and CYP1A gene expression in embryonic and juvenile specimen of a long-lived, apex predator, the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), and investigate variation in gene expression profiles in offspring collected from sites conveying differential exposures to environmental contaminants. Both age- and tissue-dependent patterning of AHR isoform expression are detected. We characterize two downstream transcriptional targets of the AHR, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, and describe conserved elements of their genomic architecture. When comparisons across different sites are made, hepatic expression of CYP1A2, a direct target of the AHR, appears elevated in embryos from a site associated with a dioxin point source and previously characterized PCB contamination. Elevated CYP1A2 expression is not persistent, as site-specific variation was absent in juveniles originating from field-collected eggs but reared under lab conditions. Our results illustrate the patterning of AHR gene expression in a long-lived environmental model species, and indicate a potential contemporary influence of historical contamination. This research presents a novel opportunity to link contamination events to critical genetic pathways during embryonic development, and carries significant potential to inform our understanding of potential health effects in wildlife and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hale
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Thomas M Galligan
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Program, Hollings Marine Laboratory and the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, United States
| | - Thomas R Rainwater
- Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC 29442, United States
| | - Brandon C Moore
- Department of Biology, Sewanee: the University of the South, Sewanee, TN 37383, United States
| | - Philip M Wilkinson
- Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center Heritage Preserve, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Georgetown, SC 29440, United States
| | - Louis J Guillette
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Program, Hollings Marine Laboratory and the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, United States
| | - Benjamin B Parrott
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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17
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Juricek L, Carcaud J, Pelhaitre A, Riday TT, Chevallier A, Lanzini J, Auzeil N, Laprévote O, Dumont F, Jacques S, Letourneur F, Massaad C, Agulhon C, Barouki R, Beraneck M, Coumoul X. AhR-deficiency as a cause of demyelinating disease and inflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9794. [PMID: 28851966 PMCID: PMC5575046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor(AhR) is among the most important receptors which bind pollutants; however it also regulates signaling pathways independently of such exposure. We previously demonstrated that AhR is expressed during development of the central nervous system(CNS) and that its deletion leads to the occurrence of a congenital nystagmus. Objectives of the present study are to decipher the origin of these deficits, and to identify the role of the AhR in the development of the CNS. We show that the AhR-knockout phenotype develops during early infancy together with deficits in visual-information-processing which are associated with an altered optic nerve myelin sheath, which exhibits modifications in its lipid composition and in the expression of myelin-associated-glycoprotein(MAG), a cell adhesion molecule involved in myelin-maintenance and glia-axon interaction. In addition, we show that the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines is increased in the impaired optic nerve and confirm that inflammation is causally related with an AhR-dependent decreased expression of MAG. Overall, our findings demonstrate the role of the AhR as a physiological regulator of myelination and inflammatory processes in the developing CNS. It identifies a mechanism by which environmental pollutants might influence CNS myelination and suggest AhR as a relevant drug target for demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Juricek
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Julie Carcaud
- CNRS UMR8119, Centre de Neurophysique, Physiologie, Pathologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Alice Pelhaitre
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Thorfinn T Riday
- CNRS FR 3636, Glia-Glia and Glia-Neuron Interactions Group, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Aline Chevallier
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Justine Lanzini
- CNRS UMR8638 Chimie Organique, Médicinale et Extractive et Toxicologie Expérimentale, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- CNRS UMR8638 Chimie Organique, Médicinale et Extractive et Toxicologie Expérimentale, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- CNRS UMR8638 Chimie Organique, Médicinale et Extractive et Toxicologie Expérimentale, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dumont
- Plate-Forme Séquençage et Génomique, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Jacques
- Plate-Forme Séquençage et Génomique, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Frank Letourneur
- Plate-Forme Séquençage et Génomique, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Charbel Massaad
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Cendra Agulhon
- CNRS FR 3636, Glia-Glia and Glia-Neuron Interactions Group, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Beraneck
- CNRS UMR8119, Centre de Neurophysique, Physiologie, Pathologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
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18
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Abstract
Why the interest in dioxins, a group of structurally related chemicals which have a common mechanism of action, a common spectrum of biological responses and are environmentally and biologically persistent? A plethora of effects have been reported in people, wildlife, and domestic animals since chloracne was first described in 1899. Cattle, horses, sheep, and chickens have all been shown to be affected during poisoning episodes with polychlorinated byphenyls (PCBs). Fish, birds, and marine mammals have shown adverse outcomes, such as loss of reproduction and immune suppression, at environmental levels. And in the laboratory, species from all vertebrate classes have been used to study the biological effects from exposure to dioxins [1]. While chloracne is diagnostic of poisoning by dioxins, it is only associated with high levels of exposure. However, industrial accidents such as in Nitro, West Virginia, in 1949, Seveso, Italy in 1976, the polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) flame retardant poisoning in Michigan in 1973, and the Binghamton office building fire in 1981, all resulted in some chloracne. In addition, other human poisonings, such as that due to PCB/polychorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) contaminated rice oil in Japan in 1968 ("Yusho") and Taiwan in 1979 ("Yucheng"), demonstrated a wide range of toxic effects, both on those who ingested the contaminated oil and on their children born afterwards. Intentional poisoning by 2,3,7,8-tetrachloridibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) congener, occurred to five people in Vienna in 1999, and to the Ukrainian President in 2004 [2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Birnbaum
- Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH and Director, National Toxicology Program, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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19
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Wright EJ, De Castro KP, Joshi AD, Elferink CJ. Canonical and non-canonical aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathways. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 2:87-92. [PMID: 32296737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research on the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) has unveiled its involvement in the toxicity of halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and a myriad of normal physiological processes. The molecular dissection of AhR biology has centered on a canonical signaling pathway in an effort to mechanistically reconcile the diverse pathophysiological effects of exposure to environmental pollutants. As a consequence, we now know that canonical signaling can explain many but not all of the AhR-mediated effects. Here we describe recent findings that point to non-canonical signaling pathways, and focus on a novel AhR interaction with the Krüppel-like Factor 6 protein responsible for previously un-recognized epigenetic changes in the chromatin affecting gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0654, USA
| | - Karen Pereira De Castro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0654, USA
| | - Aditya D Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0654, USA
| | - Cornelis J Elferink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0654, USA
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20
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Brauze D, Zawierucha P, Kiwerska K, Bednarek K, Oleszak M, Rydzanicz M, Jarmuz-Szymczak M. Induction of expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent genes in human HepaRG cell line modified by shRNA and treated with β-naphthoflavone. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 425:59-75. [PMID: 27796684 PMCID: PMC5225230 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates a variety of biological responses to ubiquitous environmental pollutants. In this study, the effects of administration of β-naphthoflavone (BNF), a potent AhR ligand, on the expression of AhR-dependent genes were examined by microarray and qPCR analysis in both, differentiated and undifferentiated HepaRG cell lines. To prove that BNF-induced changes of investigated genes were indeed AhR-dependent, we knock down the expression of AhR by stable transfection of HepaRG cells with shRNA. Regardless of genetical identity, our results clearly demonstrate different expression profiles of AhR-dependent genes between differentiated and undifferentiated HepaRG cells. Genes involved in metabolism of xenobiotics constitute only minute fraction of all genes regulated by AhR in HepaRG cells. Participation of AhR in induction of expression of genes associated with regulation of apoptosis or involved in cell proliferation as well as AhR-dependent inhibition of genes connected to cell adhesion could support suggestion of involvement of AhR not only in initiation but also in progression of carcinogenesis. Among the AhR-dependent genes known to be involved in metabolism of xenobiotics, cytochromes P4501A1 and 1B1 belong to the most inducible by BNF. On the contrary, expression of GSTA1 and GSTA2 was significantly inhibited after BNF treatment of HepaRG cells. Among the AhR-dependent genes that are not involved in metabolism of xenobiotics SERPINB2, STC2, ARL4C, and TIPARP belong to the most inducible by BNF. Our results imply involvement of Ah receptor in regulation of CYP19A1, the gene-encoding aromatase, and an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Brauze
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zawierucha
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Anatomy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kiwerska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kinga Bednarek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Oleszak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Rydzanicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 3c, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Regulations and Advisories. Toxicol Ind Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/074823370001600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Wincent E, Kubota A, Timme-Laragy A, Jönsson ME, Hahn ME, Stegeman JJ. Biological effects of 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) in vivo are enhanced by loss of CYP1A function in an Ahr2-dependent manner. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 110-111:117-29. [PMID: 27112072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist that is efficiently metabolized by AHR-regulated cytochrome P4501 enzymes. FICZ is a proposed physiological AHR ligand that induces its own degradation as part of a regulatory negative feedback loop. In vitro studies in cells show that CYP1 inhibition in the presence of FICZ results in enhanced AHR activation, suggesting that FICZ accumulates in the cell when its metabolism is blocked. We used zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to investigate the in vivo effects of FICZ when CYP1A is knocked down or inhibited. Embryos were injected with morpholino antisense oligonucleotides targeting CYP1A (CYP1A-MO), Ahr2, or a combination of both. FICZ exposure of non-injected embryos or embryos injected with control morpholino had little effect. In CYP1A-MO-injected embryos, however, FICZ dramatically increased mortality, incidence and severity of pericardial edema and circulation failure, reduced hatching frequency, blocked swim bladder inflation, and strongly potentiated expression of Ahr2-regulated genes. These effects were substantially reduced in embryos with a combined knockdown of Ahr2 and CYP1A, indicating that the toxicity was mediated at least partly by Ahr2. Co-exposure to the CYP1 inhibitor alpha-naphthoflavone (αNF) and FICZ had similar effects as the combination of CYP1A-MO and FICZ. HPLC analysis of FICZ-exposed embryos showed increased levels of FICZ after concomitant CYP1A-MO injection or αNF co-exposure. Together, these results show that a functioning CYP1/AHR feedback loop is crucial for regulation of AHR signaling by a potential physiological ligand in vivo and further highlights the role of CYP1 enzymes in regulating biological effects of FICZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wincent
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1050, USA.
| | - Akira Kubota
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1050, USA.
| | - Alicia Timme-Laragy
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1050, USA.
| | - Maria E Jönsson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1050, USA.
| | - John J Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1050, USA.
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23
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Park JH, Choi AJ, Kim SJ, Cheong SW, Jeong SY. AhR activation by 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibit the development of mouse intestinal epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 43:44-53. [PMID: 26950395 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays a central role in immune homeostasis in the intestine. AhR, a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays an important role in diverse physiological processes. The intestines are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous AhR ligands. Thus, AhR may regulate the intestinal homeostasis, directly acting on the development of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). In this study, we demonstrated that 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) inhibited the in vitro development of mouse intestinal organoids. The number of Paneth cells in the small intestine and the depth of crypts of the small and large intestines were reduced in mice administrated with FICZ. Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric assays revealed that AhR was highly expressed in Lgr5(+) stem cells. FICZ inhibited Wnt signaling lowering the level of β-catenin protein. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that FICZ increased expression of Lgr5, Math1, BMP4, and Indian Hedgehog while inhibiting that of Lgr4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hung Park
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Kyungnam, 641-773, Korea.
| | - Ah-Jeong Choi
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Kyungnam, 641-773, Korea
| | - Soo-Ji Kim
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Kyungnam, 641-773, Korea
| | - Seon-Woo Cheong
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Kyungnam, 641-773, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Kyungnam, 641-773, Korea
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24
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Vázquez-Gómez G, Rubio-Lightbourn J, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ. MECANISMOS DE ACCIÓN DEL RECEPTOR DE HIDROCARBUROS DE ARILOS EN EL METABOLISMO DEL BENZO[A]PIRENO Y EL DESARROLLO DE TUMORES. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recqb.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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25
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Park JH, Choi AJ, Kim SJ, Jeong SY. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Inhibits Flt3L/GM-CSF-induced-bone Marrow-derived CD103(+) Dendritic Cell Differentiation Regulating Phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5. Immune Netw 2015; 15:278-90. [PMID: 26770182 PMCID: PMC4700404 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.6.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system maintains oral tolerance to harmless antigens or nutrients. One mechanism of oral tolerance is mediated by regulatory T cell (Treg)s, of which differentiation is regulated by a subset of dendritic cell (DC)s, primarily CD103+ DCs. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays an important role in regulating immunity. The intestines are exposed to various AhR ligands, including endogenous metabolites and phytochemicals. It was previously reported that AhR activation induced tolerogenic DCs in mice or in cultures of bone marrow-derived DCs. However, given the variety of tolerogenic DCs, which type of tolerogenic DCs is regulated by AhR remains unknown. In this study, we found that AhR ligand 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) inhibited the development of CD103+ DCs from mouse bone marrow cells stimulated with Flt3L and GM-CSF. DIM interfered with phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5 inhibiting the expression of genes, including Id2, E2-2, IDO-1, and Aldh1a2, which are associated with DC differentiation and functions. Finally, DIM suppressed the ability of CD103+ DCs to induce Foxp3+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hung Park
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
| | - Ah-Jeong Choi
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
| | - Soo-Ji Kim
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
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26
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Wang Q, Kurita H, Carreira V, Ko CI, Fan Y, Zhang X, Biesiada J, Medvedovic M, Puga A. Ah Receptor Activation by Dioxin Disrupts Activin, BMP, and WNT Signals During the Early Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Functions. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:346-57. [PMID: 26572662 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The AHR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates gene-environment interactions. Genome-wide expression profiling during differentiation of mouse ES cells into cardiomyocytes showed that AHR activation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; Dioxin (TCDD), its prototypical ligand, disrupted the expression of multiple homeobox transcription factors and inhibited cardiomyocyte contractility. Here we treated ES cells with TCDD at daily differentiation intervals to investigate whether TCDD-induced loss of contractility had a developmental window of sensitivity. Surprisingly, contractility was an AHR-dependent TCDD target solely between differentiation days 0 and 3 during the period of panmesoderm development, when TCDD also disrupted expression of genes in the TGFβ/BMP2/4 and wingless-type MMTV integration site (WNT)signaling pathways, suppressed the secretion of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP4), WNT3a, and WNT5a and elevated the secretion of Activin A, as determined by ELISA of the secreted proteins in the culture medium. Supplementing the culture medium with BMP4, WNT3a, or WNT5a during the first 3 days of differentiation successfully countered TCDD-induced impairment of contractility, while anti-WNT3a, or anti-WNT5a antibodies or continuous Noggin (a BMP4 antagonist) or Activin A treatment inhibited the contractile phenotype. In Ahr(+/+), but not in Ahr(-) (/) (-) ES cells, TCDD treatment significantly increased mitochondrial copy number, suggestive of mitochondrial stress and remodeling. Sustained AHR activation during ES cell differentiation appears to disrupt the expression of signals critical to the ontogeny of cardiac mesoderm and cause the loss of contractility in the resulting cardiomyocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Hisaka Kurita
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Vinicius Carreira
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Chia-I Ko
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Yunxia Fan
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
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Shivanna B, Zhang S, Patel A, Jiang W, Wang L, Welty SE, Moorthy B. Omeprazole Attenuates Pulmonary Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation and Potentiates Hyperoxia-Induced Developmental Lung Injury in Newborn Mice. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148:276-87. [PMID: 26272953 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in human preterm infants and a similar lung phenotype characterized by alveolar simplification in newborn mice. Omeprazole (OM) is a proton pump inhibitor that is used to treat humans with gastric acid related disorders. OM-mediated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation attenuates acute hyperoxic lung injury (HLI) in adult mice. Whether OM activates pulmonary AhR and protects C57BL/6J newborn mice against hyperoxia-induced developmental lung (alveolar and pulmonary vascular simplification, inflammation, and oxidative stress) injury (HDLI) is unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that OM will activate pulmonary AhR and mitigate HDLI in newborn mice. Newborn mice were treated daily with i.p. injections of OM at doses of 10 (OM10) or 25 (OM25) mg/kg while being exposed to air or hyperoxia (FiO2 of 85%) for 14 days, following which their lungs were harvested to determine alveolarization, pulmonary vascularization, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular injury, and AhR activation. To our surprise, hyperoxia-induced alveolar and pulmonary vascular simplification, inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular injury were augmented in OM25-treated animals. These findings were associated with attenuated pulmonary vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression and decreased pulmonary AhR activation in the OM25 group. We conclude that contrary to our hypothesis, OM decreases functional activation of pulmonary AhR and potentiates HDLI in newborn mice. These observations are consistent with our previous findings, which suggest that AhR activation plays a protective role in HDLI in newborn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Shivanna
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ananddeep Patel
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lihua Wang
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stephen E Welty
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Carreira VS, Fan Y, Wang Q, Zhang X, Kurita H, Ko CI, Naticchioni M, Jiang M, Koch S, Medvedovic M, Xia Y, Rubinstein J, Puga A. Ah Receptor Signaling Controls the Expression of Cardiac Development and Homeostasis Genes. Toxicol Sci 2015; 147:425-35. [PMID: 26139165 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital abnormality and one of the leading causes of newborn death throughout the world. Despite much emerging scientific information, the precise etiology of this disease remains elusive. Here, we show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) regulates the expression of crucial cardiogenesis genes and that interference with endogenous AHR functions, either by gene ablation or by agonist exposure during early development, causes overlapping structural and functional cardiac abnormalities that lead to altered fetal heart physiology, including higher heart rates, right and left ventricle dilation, higher stroke volume, and reduced ejection fraction. With striking similarity between AHR knockout (Ahr(-/-)) and agonist-exposed wild type (Ahr(+/+)) embryos, in utero disruption of endogenous AHR functions converge into dysregulation of molecular mechanisms needed for attainment and maintenance of cardiac differentiation, including the pivotal signals regulated by the cardiogenic transcription factor NKH2.5, energy balance via oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle and global mitochondrial function and homeostasis. Our findings suggest that AHR signaling in the developing mammalian heart is central to the regulation of pathways crucial for cellular metabolism, cardiogenesis, and cardiac function, which are potential targets of environmental factors associated with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius S Carreira
- *Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics and
| | - Yunxia Fan
- *Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics and
| | - Qing Wang
- *Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics and
| | - Xiang Zhang
- *Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics and
| | - Hisaka Kurita
- *Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics and
| | - Chia-I Ko
- *Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics and
| | - Mindi Naticchioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Sheryl Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- *Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics and
| | - Ying Xia
- *Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics and
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Alvaro Puga
- *Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics and
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Kobayashi Y, Hirano T, Omotehara T, Hashimoto R, Umemura Y, Yuasa H, Masuda N, Kubota N, Minami K, Yanai S, Ishihara-Sugano M, Mantani Y, Yokoyama T, Kitagawa H, Hoshi N. Immunohistochemical analysis of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxicity on the developmental dentate gyrus and hippocampal fimbria in fetal mice. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1355-61. [PMID: 26096965 PMCID: PMC4667650 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioxins are widespread persistent environmental contaminants with adverse impacts on humans and experimental animals. Behavioral and cognitive functions are impaired by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure. TCDD exerts its toxicity via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor. The hippocampus, which plays important roles in episodic memory and spatial function, is considered vulnerable to TCDD-induced neurotoxicity, because it contains the AhR. We herein investigated the effects of TCDD toxicity on hippocampal development in embryonic mice. TCDD was administered to dams at 8.5 days postcoitum with a single dose of 20, 200, 2,000 and 5,000 ng/kg body weight (groups T20, T200, T2000 and T5000, respectively), and the brains were dissected from their pups at embryonic day 18.5. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) immunoreactivities in the dentate gyrus (DG) were reduced in the T5000 group. Granular GFAP immunoreactivity was observed in the hippocampal fimbria, and the number of immunoreactive fimbria was significantly decreased in the T5000 group. The number of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA)-positive cells was decreased in all TCDD-exposed groups and significantly reduced in the T20, T200 and T5000 groups. Together, these results demonstrate that maternal TCDD exposure has adverse impacts on neural stem cells (NSCs), neural precursor cells (NPCs) and granular cells in the DG and disrupts the NSC maintenance and timing of differentiation in the hippocampal fimbria, which in turn interrupt neuronal development in future generations of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Zalc A, Rattenbach R, Auradé F, Cadot B, Relaix F. Pax3 and Pax7 play essential safeguard functions against environmental stress-induced birth defects. Dev Cell 2015; 33:56-66. [PMID: 25800090 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental teratogenic pollutant leads to severe birth defects. However, the biological events underlying these developmental abnormalities remain undefined. Here, we report a molecular link between an environmental stress response pathway and key developmental genes during craniofacial development. Strikingly, mutant mice with impaired Pax3/7 function display severe craniofacial defects. We show that these are associated with an upregulation of the signaling pathway mediated by the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the receptor to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), revealing a genetic interaction between Pax3 and AHR signaling. Activation of AHR signaling in Pax3-deficient embryos drives facial mesenchymal cells out of the cell cycle through the upregulation of p21 expression. Accordingly, inhibiting AHR activity rescues the cycling status of these cells and the facial closure of Pax3/7 mutants. Together, our findings demonstrate that the regulation of AHR signaling by Pax3/7 is required to protect against TCDD/AHR-mediated teratogenesis during craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Zalc
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Myology Research Center, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE 3617, Institut de Myologie, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM U955 IMRB, Team 10, 94000 Creteil, France; UPEC Paris Est-Creteil University, Faculty of Medicine, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Revital Rattenbach
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Myology Research Center, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE 3617, Institut de Myologie, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM U955 IMRB, Team 10, 94000 Creteil, France; UPEC Paris Est-Creteil University, Faculty of Medicine, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Frédéric Auradé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Myology Research Center, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE 3617, Institut de Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Cadot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Myology Research Center, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE 3617, Institut de Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Myology Research Center, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE 3617, Institut de Myologie, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM U955 IMRB, Team 10, 94000 Creteil, France; UPEC Paris Est-Creteil University, Faculty of Medicine, 94000 Creteil, France; Etablissement Français du Sang, 94017 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, 94700 Maison-Alfort, France.
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31
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Interplay between Dioxin-mediated signaling and circadian clock: a possible determinant in metabolic homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11700-12. [PMID: 24987953 PMCID: PMC4139808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rotation of the earth on its axis creates the environment of a 24 h solar day, which organisms on earth have used to their evolutionary advantage by integrating this timing information into their genetic make-up in the form of a circadian clock. This intrinsic molecular clock is pivotal for maintenance of synchronized homeostasis between the individual organism and the external environment to allow coordinated rhythmic physiological and behavioral function. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a master regulator of dioxin-mediated toxic effects, and is, therefore, critical in maintaining adaptive responses through regulating the expression of phase I/II drug metabolism enzymes. AhR expression is robustly rhythmic, and physiological cross-talk between AhR signaling and circadian rhythms has been established. Increasing evidence raises a compelling argument that disruption of endogenous circadian rhythms contributes to the development of disease, including sleep disorders, metabolic disorders and cancers. Similarly, exposure to environmental pollutants through air, water and food, is increasingly cited as contributory to these same problems. Thus, a better understanding of interactions between AhR signaling and the circadian clock regulatory network can provide critical new insights into environmentally regulated disease processes. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the reciprocal interactions between dioxin-mediated AhR signaling and the circadian clock including how these pathways relate to health and disease, with emphasis on the control of metabolic function.
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Powell JB, Ghotbaddini M. Cancer-promoting and Inhibiting Effects of Dietary Compounds: Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 3. [PMID: 25258701 PMCID: PMC4172379 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0501.1000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic aromatic amines and dioxin-like compounds are environmental carcinogens shown to initiate cancer in a number of tissue types including prostate and breast. These environmental carcinogens elicit their effects through interacting with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand activated transcription factor. Naturally occurring compounds found in fruits and vegetables shown to have anti-carcinogenic effects also interact with the AhR. This review explores dietary and environmental exposure to chemical carcinogens and beneficial natural compounds whose effects are elicited by the AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann B Powell
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Maryam Ghotbaddini
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA USA
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Ko CI, Wang Q, Fan Y, Xia Y, Puga A. Pluripotency factors and Polycomb Group proteins repress aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression in murine embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2013; 12:296-308. [PMID: 24316986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor and environmental sensor that regulates expression of genes involved in drug-metabolism and cell cycle regulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, Ahr ablation in mice and studies with orthologous genes in invertebrates suggest that AHR may also play a significant role in embryonic development. To address this hypothesis, we studied the regulation of Ahr expression in mouse embryonic stem cells and their differentiated progeny. In ES cells, interactions between OCT3/4, NANOG, SOX2 and Polycomb Group proteins at the Ahr promoter repress AHR expression, which can also be repressed by ectopic expression of reprogramming factors in hepatoma cells. In ES cells, unproductive RNA polymerase II binds at the Ahr transcription start site and drives the synthesis of short abortive transcripts. Activation of Ahr expression during differentiation follows from reversal of repressive marks in Ahr promoter chromatin, release of pluripotency factors and PcG proteins, binding of Sp factors, establishment of histone marks of open chromatin, and engagement of active RNAPII to drive full-length RNA transcript elongation. Our results suggest that reversible Ahr repression in ES cells holds the gene poised for expression and allows for a quick switch to activation during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-I Ko
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yunxia Fan
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Stobbe-Maicherski N, Wolff S, Wolff C, Abel J, Sydlik U, Frauenstein K, Haarmann-Stemmann T. The interleukin-6-type cytokine oncostatin M induces aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression in a STAT3-dependent manner in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. FEBS J 2013; 280:6681-90. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Wolff
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine; Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Christian Wolff
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine; Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Josef Abel
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine; Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Ulrich Sydlik
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine; Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Katrin Frauenstein
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine; Duesseldorf Germany
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Wang Q, Chen J, Ko CI, Fan Y, Carreira V, Chen Y, Xia Y, Medvedovic M, Puga A. Disruption of aryl hydrocarbon receptor homeostatic levels during embryonic stem cell differentiation alters expression of homeobox transcription factors that control cardiomyogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:1334-43. [PMID: 24058054 PMCID: PMC3855521 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates the expression of xenobiotic detoxification genes and is a critical mediator of gene-environment interactions. Many AHR target genes identified by genome-wide gene expression profiling have morphogenetic functions, suggesting that AHR may play a role in embryonic development. OBJECTIVES To characterize the developmental functions of the AHR, we studied the consequences of AHR activation by the agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-doxin (TCDD), and the result of its repression by the antagonists 6,2,4-trimethoxyflavone and CH 223191 or by short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated Ahr knockdown during spontaneous differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into cardiomyocytes. METHODS We generated an AHR-positive cardiomyocyte lineage differentiated from mouse ES cells that expresses puromycin resistance and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the Cyp1a1 (cytochrome P450 1a1) promoter. We used RNA sequencing (RNA.Seq) to analyze temporal trajectories of TCDD-dependent global gene expression in these cells during differentiation. RESULTS Activation, inhibition, and knockdown of Ahr significantly inhibited the formation of contractile cardiomyocyte nodes. Global expression analysis of AHR-positive cells showed that activation of the AHR/TCDD axis disrupted the concerted expression of genes that regulate multiple signaling pathways involved in cardiac and neural morphogenesis and differentiation, including dozens of genes encoding homeobox transcription factors and Polycomb and trithorax group proteins. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of AHR expression levels resulted in gene expression changes that perturbed cardiomyocyte differentiation. The main function of the AHR during development appears to be the coordination of a complex regulatory network responsible for attainment and maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis.
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36
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Indoxyl 3-sulfate stimulates Th17 differentiation enhancing phosphorylation of c-Src and STAT3 to worsen experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Toxicol Lett 2013; 220:109-17. [PMID: 23639249 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although AhR activation regulates CD4T cell differentiation, how it works has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, using in vitro Th17 differentiation model, we examined effects of AhR activation by indoxyl 3-sulfate (I3S), a uremic toxin, on Th17 differentiation and investigated underlying mechanisms. I3S increased expression of RORγt, the master transcription factor for Th17 differentiation, and stimulated Th17 differentiation, in a comparative manner as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a prototypical AhR ligand. Activation of STAT3, which is phosphorylated by the IL-6 signaling pathways and thus is necessary for Th17 differentiation, was strongly stimulated by I3S and TCDD. Phosphorylation of c-Src, which was shown to be activated by AhR ligands, was also increased by I3S and TCDD, and blocking of c-Src activity by 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2) inhibited phosphorylation of both c-Src and STAT3, raising a possibility that stimulatory activities of I3S and TCDD on Th17 differentiation could be exerted via increased phosphorylation of c-Src, which in turn stimulates STAT3 activation. Finally, we found that I3S worsened experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is primarily mediated by Th17 cells, enhancing the frequency of IL-17-producing cells in draining lymph nodes.
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37
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Rico-Leo EM, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Fernandez-Salguero PM. Dioxin receptor expression inhibits basal and transforming growth factor β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7841-7856. [PMID: 23382382 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.425009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have emphasized the role of the dioxin receptor (AhR) in maintaining cell morphology, adhesion, and migration. These novel AhR functions depend on the cell phenotype, and although AhR expression maintains mesenchymal fibroblasts migration, it inhibits keratinocytes motility. These observations prompted us to investigate whether AhR modulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). For this, we have used primary AhR(+/+) and AhR(-/-) keratinocytes and NMuMG cells engineered to knock down AhR levels (sh-AhR) or to express a constitutively active receptor (CA-AhR). Both AhR(-/-) keratinocytes and sh-AhR NMuMG cells had increased migration, reduced levels of epithelial markers E-cadherin and β-catenin, and increased expression of mesenchymal markers Snail, Slug/Snai2, vimentin, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin. Consistently, AhR(+/+) and CA-AhR NMuMG cells had reduced migration and enhanced expression of epithelial markers. AhR activation by the agonist FICZ (6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole) inhibited NMuMG migration, whereas the antagonist α-naphthoflavone induced migration as did AhR knockdown. Exogenous TGFβ exacerbated the promigratory mesenchymal phenotype in both AhR-expressing and AhR-depleted cells, although the effects on the latter were more pronounced. Rescuing AhR expression in sh-AhR cells reduced Snail and Slug/Snai2 levels and cell migration and restored E-cadherin levels. Interference of AhR in human HaCaT cells further supported its role in EMT. Interestingly, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays showed that AhR associates in common protein complexes with E-cadherin and β-catenin, suggesting the implication of AhR in cell-cell adhesion. Thus, basal or TGFβ-induced AhR down-modulation could be relevant in the acquisition of a motile EMT phenotype in both normal and transformed epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Rico-Leo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Pedro M Fernandez-Salguero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
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Functional deficiency of aryl hydrocarbon receptor augments oxygen toxicity-induced alveolar simplification in newborn mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 267:209-17. [PMID: 23337360 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoxia contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. New BPD is characterized as having alveolar simplification. We reported previously that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) deficiency increased susceptibility to hyperoxic lung injury in adult mice, and this was associated with decreased expression of cytochrome P450 1A enzymes and increased lung inflammation. Whether AhR protects newborn mice against hyperoxia-induced alveolar simplification is unknown. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that decreased activation of the pulmonary AhR augments hyperoxia-induced alveolar simplification and lung inflammation in newborn mice. Experimental groups included one-day old wild type (WT) and AhR dysfunctional (AhRd) mice exposed to 21% O₂ (air) or 85% O₂ (hyperoxia) for 14 days. Exposure of newborn WT mice to hyperoxia resulted in increased protein, enzyme and mRNA expression of the AhR-regulated lung cytochrome P450 1A1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, and microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 enzymes, suggesting that hyperoxia increases activation of the pulmonary AhR. On the other hand, in the AhRd mice, hyperoxia induced the AhR-regulated enzymes to a lesser extent probably due to the dysfunctional AhR in these mice. Alveolar simplification and lung inflammation was increased in mice exposed to hyperoxia compared with those exposed to air, and AhRd mice were more susceptible to hyperoxia-induced alveolar simplification and lung inflammation compared with WT mice. These findings suggest that decreased activation of the pulmonary AhR in newborn AhRd mice augments hyperoxia-induced alveolar simplification and lung inflammation in these mice.
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Tanida T, Tasaka K, Akahoshi E, Ishihara-Sugano M, Saito M, Kawata S, Danjo M, Tokumoto J, Mantani Y, Nagahara D, Tabuchi Y, Yokoyama T, Kitagawa H, Kawata M, Hoshi N. Fetal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin transactivates aryl hydrocarbon receptor-responsive element III in the tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons of the mouse midbrain. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:117-26. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanida
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Ken Tasaka
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Eiichi Akahoshi
- Frontier Research Laboratory, Corporate Research and Development Center; Toshiba Corporation; 1 Komukai-Toshiba cho, Saiwai Kawasaki 212-8582 Japan
| | - Mitsuko Ishihara-Sugano
- Frontier Research Laboratory, Corporate Research and Development Center; Toshiba Corporation; 1 Komukai-Toshiba cho, Saiwai Kawasaki 212-8582 Japan
| | - Michiko Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Shigehisa Kawata
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Megumi Danjo
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Junko Tokumoto
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Youhei Mantani
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Daichi Nagahara
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center; University of Toyama; 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yokoyama
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawata
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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Powell JB, Goode GD, Eltom SE. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A Target for Breast Cancer Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4:1177-1186. [PMID: 25068070 PMCID: PMC4111475 DOI: 10.4236/jct.2013.47137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates a battery of genes in response to exposure to a broad class of environmental poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). AhR is historically characterized for its role in mediating the toxicity and adaptive responses to these chemicals, however mounting evidence has established a role for it in ligand-independent physiological processes and pathological conditions, including cancer. The AhR is overexpressed and constitutively activated in advanced breast cancer cases and was shown to drive the progression of breast cancer. In this article we will review the current state of knowledge on the possible role of AhR in breast cancer and how it will be exploited in targeting AhR for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann B Powell
- Department of Biological Sciences & Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Gennifer D Goode
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, USA
| | - Sakina E Eltom
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, USA
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Guyot E, Chevallier A, Barouki R, Coumoul X. The AhR twist: ligand-dependent AhR signaling and pharmaco-toxicological implications. Drug Discov Today 2012; 18:479-86. [PMID: 23220635 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor which is activated by diverse compounds and regulates the expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes. Recent studies have unraveled unsuspected physiological roles and novel alternative ligand-specific pathways for this receptor. In this review, we discuss these novel aspects and focus on the different responses elicited by the diverse endogenous and/or exogenous AhR ligands. In addition to challenging the relevance of the 'agonist/antagonist' classification of ligands, we introduce the concept of AhR plasticity as a primordial factor in the generation of these pathways. Finally, we suggest several promising perspectives for the pharmacological modulation of these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Guyot
- INSERM UMR-S 747, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
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Li D, Takao T, Tsunematsu R, Morokuma S, Fukushima K, Kobayashi H, Saito T, Furue M, Wake N, Asanoma K. Inhibition of AHR transcription by NF1C is affected by a single-nucleotide polymorphism, and is involved in suppression of human uterine endometrial cancer. Oncogene 2012. [PMID: 23208493 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in carcinogenesis has been suggested in many studies. Upregulation of AHR has been reported in some cancer species, and an association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AHR and cancer risk or cancer development has also been reported. This evidence suggests the involvement of some specific SNPs in AHR transcriptional regulation in the process of carcinogenesis or cancer development, but there have been no studies to elucidate the mechanism involved. In this study, we identified the transcription factor Nuclear Factor 1-C (NF1C) as a candidate to regulate AHR transcription in a polymorphism-dependent manner. SNP rs10249788 was included in a consensus binding site for NF1C. Our results suggested that NF1C preferred the C allele to the T allele at rs10249788 for binding. Forced expression of NF1C suppressed the activity of the AHR promoter with C at rs10249788 stronger than that with T. Moreover, expression analysis of human uterine endometrial cancer (HEC) specimens showed greater upregulation of AHR and downregulation of NF1C than those of normal endometrium specimens. Sequence analysis showed HEC patients at advanced stages tended to possess T/T alleles more frequently than healthy women. We also demonstrated that NF1C suppressed proliferation, motility and invasion of HEC cells. This function was at least partially mediated by AHR. This study is the first to report that a polymorphism on the AHR regulatory region affected transcriptional regulation of the AHR gene in vitro. Because NF1C is a tumor suppressor, our new insights into AHR deregulation and its polymorphisms could reveal novel mechanisms of genetic susceptibility to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that is bound and activated by many toxic ubiquitous environmental contaminants, including the halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The AhR belongs to a family of proteins that contain basic helix-loop-helix/Per-ARNT-SIM (bHLH/PAS) domains. The circadian clock protein, BMAL1, is also a bHLH-PAS transcription factor and has been shown to interact with the AhR. AhRs are expressed in nearly every mammalian tissue, including the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), and previous studies have suggested that activation of the AhR with dioxins affects rhythmicity in circadian clocks. In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor with the potent dioxin, TCDD, alters the organization of the mammalian circadian system by measuring bioluminescence from tissues explanted from PER2::LUCIFERASE mice. They found that in vitro treatment of explanted tissues with TCDD did not alter the periods, amplitudes, or damping rates of the PER2::LUC rhythms compared with controls. Likewise, in vivo treatment with TCDD had no effect on the phase relationship between central and peripheral oscillators. Together, these data demonstrate that activation of the AhR with TCDD does not directly or systemically alter the mouse circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Pendergast
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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de Thonel A, Le Mouël A, Mezger V. Transcriptional regulation of small HSP-HSF1 and beyond. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1593-612. [PMID: 22750029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The members of the small heat shock protein (sHSP) family are molecular chaperones that play major roles in development, stress responses, and diseases, and have been envisioned as targets for therapy, particularly in cancer. The molecular mechanisms that regulate their transcription, in normal, stress, or pathological conditions, are characterized by extreme complexity and subtlety. Although historically linked to the heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), the stress-induced or developmental expression of the diverse members, including HSPB1/Hsp27/Hsp25, αA-crystallin/HSPB4, and αB-crystallin/HSPB5, relies on the combinatory effects of many transcription factors. Coupled with remarkably different cis-element architectures in the sHsp regulatory regions, they confer to each member its developmental expression or stress-inducibility. For example, multiple regulatory pathways coordinate the spatio-temporal expression of mouse αA-, αB-crystallin, and Hsp25 genes during lens development, through the action of master genes, like the large Maf family proteins and Pax6, but also HSF4. The inducibility of Hsp27 and αB-crystallin transcription by various stresses is exerted by HSF-dependent mechanisms, by which concomitant induction of Hsp27 and αB-crystallin expression is observed. In contrast, HSF-independent pathways can lead to αB-crystallin expression, but not to Hsp27 induction. Not surprisingly, deregulation of the expression of sHSP is associated with various pathologies, including cancer, neurodegenerative, or cardiac diseases. However, many questions remain to be addressed, and further elucidation of the developmental mechanisms of sHsp gene transcription might help to unravel the tissue- and stage-specific functions of this fascinating class of proteins, which might prove to be crucial for future therapeutic strategies. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Small HSPs in physiology and pathology.
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Vanhees K, van Schooten FJ, Moonen EJ, Maas LM, van Waalwijk van Doorn-Khosrovani SB, Godschalk RWL. Maternal intake of quercetin during gestation alters ex vivo benzo[a]pyrene metabolism and DNA adduct formation in adult offspring. Mutagenesis 2012; 27:445-51. [PMID: 22334599 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in xenobiotic metabolism cannot entirely be explained by genetic diversity in metabolic enzymes. We suggest that maternal diet during gestation can contribute to variation in metabolism by creating an in utero environment that shapes the offspring's defence against chemical carcinogens. Therefore, pregnant mice were supplemented with the natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist quercetin (1 mmol quercetin/kg feed) until delivery. Next, it was investigated whether the adult offspring at the age of 12 weeks had altered biotransformation of the environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). In utero quercetin exposure resulted in significantly enhanced gene expression of Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, Nqo1 and Ugt1a6 in liver of foetuses at Day 14.5 of gestation. Despite cessation of supplementation after delivery, altered gene expression persisted into adulthood, but in a tissue- and gender-dependent manner. Expression of Phase I enzymes (Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1) was up-regulated in the liver of adult female mice in utero exposed to quercetin, whereas expression of Phase II enzymes (Gstp1, Nqo1 and Ugt1a6) was predominantly enhanced in the lung tissue of female mice. Epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to this adapted gene expression, as the repetitive elements (SINEB1) were hypomethylated in liver of female mice prenatally exposed to quercetin. Studies on ex vivo metabolism of B[a]P by lung and liver microsomes showed that the amount of B[a]P-9,10-dehydrodiol, B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol and 3-hydroxy-B[a]P did not change, but the amount of unmetabolised B[a]P was significantly lower after incubation with lung microsomes from offspring that received quercetin during gestation. Moreover, ex vivo B[a]P-induced DNA adduct formation was significantly lower for liver microsomes of offspring that were exposed to quercetin during gestation. These results suggest that prenatal diet leads to persistent alterations in Phase I and II enzymes of adult mice and may affect cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vanhees
- Department of Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Jacobs H, Dennefeld C, Féret B, Viluksela M, Håkansson H, Mark M, Ghyselinck NB. Retinoic acid drives aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression and is instrumental to dioxin-induced toxicity during palate development. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1590-5. [PMID: 21807577 PMCID: PMC3226489 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palate development depends on complex events and is very sensitive to disruption. Accordingly, clefts are the most common congenital malformations worldwide, and a connection is proposed with fetal exposure to toxic factors or environmental contaminants, such as dioxins. There is increasing evidence that dioxin interferes with all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), a hormone-like signal derived from vitamin A, which plays an essential role during embryonic development. Although similarities have been described between dioxin-induced toxicity and the outcome of altered atRA signaling during palate development, their relationship needs to be clarified. OBJECTIVES We used a genetic approach to understand the interaction between atRA and dioxin and to identify the cell type targeted by dioxin toxicity during secondary palate formation in mice. METHODS We analyzed the phenotype of mouse embryos harboring an atRA-sensitive reporter transgene or bearing null mutations for atRA-synthesizing enzymes (RALDH) or atRA receptors (RAR) and maternally exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at gestation day 10.5. RESULTS We found that an intact atRA signal was required to enable TCDD to induce cleft palate. This mandatory atRA signal was generated through the activity of RALDH3 in the nasal epithelium and was transduced by RARγ (RARG) in the nasal mesenchyme, where it notably controlled aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) transcript levels. TCDD also did not alter the developmental pattern of atRA signaling during palate formation. CONCLUSIONS TCDD-induced alteration of secondary palate development in the mouse appears to depend on atRA signaling, which controls AHR expression. This mechanism is likely conserved throughout vertebrate evolution and may therefore be relevant in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Jacobs
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Brooks J, Eltom SE. Malignant transformation of mammary epithelial cells by ectopic overexpression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2011; 11:654-69. [PMID: 21486221 DOI: 10.2174/156800911795655967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand activated basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds to environmental poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and mediates their toxic and carcinogenic responses. There is ample documentation for the role of AhR in PAH-induced carcinogenicity. However, in this report we addressed whether overexpression of AhR alone is sufficient to induce carcinogenic transformation in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Retroviral expression vectors were used to develop a series of stable cell lines expressing varying levels of AhR protein in an immortalized normal HMEC with relatively low endogenous AhR expression. The resulting increase in AhR expression and activity correlated with the development of cellular malignant phenotypes, most significantly epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Clones overexpressing AhR by more than 3-fold, exhibited a 50% decrease in population doubling time. Cell cycle analysis revealed that this increase in proliferation rates was due to an enhanced cell cycle progression by increasing the percentage of cells transiting into S- and G2/M phases. Cells overexpressing AhR exhibited enhanced motility and migration. Importantly, these cells acquired the ability to invade matrigel matrix, where more than 80% of plated cells invaded the matrigel matrix within 24 h, whereas none of parental or the vector control HMEC were able to invade matrigel. Collectively, these data provide evidence for a direct role of AhR in the progression of breast carcinoma. The results suggest a novel therapeutic target that could be considered for treatment and prevention of breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brooks
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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Sánchez-Martín FJ, Fernández-Salguero PM, Merino JM. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent induction of apoptosis by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cerebellar granule cells from mouse. J Neurochem 2011; 118:153-62. [PMID: 21534955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a prototypical environmental contaminant with neurotoxic properties that alters neurodevelopment and behavior. TCDD is a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is a key signaling molecule to fully understand the toxic and carcinogenic properties of dioxin. Much effort is underway to unravel the molecular mechanisms and the signaling pathways involved in TCDD-induced neurotoxicity, and to define its molecular targets in neurons. We have used cerebellar granule cells (CGC) from wild-type (AhR+/+) and AhR-null (AhR-/-) mice to characterize the cell death that takes place in neurons after TCDD toxicity. TCDD induced cell death in CGC cultures from wild-type mice with an EC(50) of 127±21 nM. On the contrary, when CGC neurons from AhR-null mice were treated with TCDD no significant cell death was observed. The role of AhR in TCDD-induced death was further assessed by using the antagonists resveratrol and α-naphtoflavone, which readily protected against TCDD toxicity in AhR+/+ CGC cultures. AhR+/+ CGC cultures treated with TCDD showed nuclear fragmentation, DNA laddering, and increased caspase 3 activity, similarly to what was found by the use of staurosporine, a well-established inducer of apoptosis. Finally, the AhR pathway was active in CGC because TCDD could induce the expression of the target gene cytochrome P450 1A2 in AhR+/+ CGC cultures. All together these results support the hypothesis that TCDD toxicity in CGC neurons involves the AhR and that it takes place mainly through an apoptotic process. AhR could be then considered a novel target in neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration whose down-modulation could block certain xenobiotic-related adverse effects in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Sánchez-Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Liu S, Piatigorsky J. Regulation of mouse small heat shock protein αb-crystallin gene by aryl hydrocarbon receptor. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17904. [PMID: 21494593 PMCID: PMC3073930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress-inducible small heat shock protein (shsp)/αB-crystallin gene is expressed highly in the lens and moderately in other tissues. Here we provide evidence that it is a target gene of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor. A sequence (−329/−323, CATGCGA) similar to the consensus xenobiotic responsive element (XRE), called here XRE-like, is present in the αBE2 region of αB-crystallin enhancer and can bind AhR in vitro and in vivo. αB-crystallin protein levels were reduced in retina, lens, cornea, heart, skeletal muscle and cultured muscle fibroblasts of AhR−/− mice; αB-crystallin mRNA levels were reduced in the eye, heart and skeletal muscle of AhR−/− mice. Increased AhR stimulated αB-crystallin expression in transfection experiments conducted in conjunction with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) and decreased AhR reduced αB-crystallin expression. AhR effect on aB-crystallin promoter activity was cell-dependent in transfection experiments. AhR up-regulated αB-crystallin promoter activity in transfected HeLa, NIH3T3 and COS-7 cells in the absence of exogenously added ligand (TCDD), but had no effect on the αB-crystallin promoter in C2C12, CV-1 or Hepa-1 cells with or without TCDD. TCDD enhanced AhR-stimulated αB-crystallin promoter activity in transfected αTN4 cells. AhR could bind to an XRE-like site in the αB-crystallin enhancer in vitro and in vivo. Finally, site-specific mutagenesis experiments showed that the XRE-like motif was necessary for both basal and maximal AhR-induction of αB-crystallin promoter activity. Our data strongly suggest that AhR is a regulator of αB-crystallin gene expression and provide new avenues of research for the mechanism of tissue-specific αB-crystallin gene regulation under normal and physiologically stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JP); (SL)
| | - Joram Piatigorsky
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JP); (SL)
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Abel J, Haarmann-Stemmann T. An introduction to the molecular basics of aryl hydrocarbon receptor biology. Biol Chem 2011; 391:1235-48. [PMID: 20868221 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Depending on their chemical structure and properties, environmental chemicals and other xenobiotics that enter the cell can affect cellular function by either nonselective binding to cellular macromolecules or by interference with cellular receptors, which would initiate a more defined cell biological response. One of these intracellular chemosensor molecules is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor of the bHLH/PAS family that is known to mediate the biochemical and toxic effects of dioxins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds. Numerous investigations have revealed that the AhR is not only a master regulator of drug metabolism activated by anthropogenic chemicals, but is also triggered by natural and endogenous ligands and can influence cell biological endpoints such as growth and differentiation. Cutting-edge research has identified new intriguing functions of the AhR, such as during proteasomal degradation of steroid hormone receptors, the cellular UVB stress response and the differentiation of certain T-cell subsets. In this review we provide both a survey of the fundamental basics of AhR biology and an insight into new functional aspects of AhR signaling to further stimulate research on this intriguing transcription factor at the interface between toxicology, cell biology and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Abel
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf gGmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, Germany
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