1
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Benegiamo G, von Alvensleben GV, Rodríguez-López S, Goeminne LJ, Bachmann AM, Morel JD, Broeckx E, Ma JY, Carreira V, Youssef SA, Azhar N, Reilly DF, D’Aquino K, Mullican S, Bou-Sleiman M, Auwerx J. The genetic background shapes the susceptibility to mitochondrial dysfunction and NASH progression. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213867. [PMID: 36787127 PMCID: PMC9960245 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a global health concern without treatment. The challenge in finding effective therapies is due to the lack of good mouse models and the complexity of the disease, characterized by gene-environment interactions. We tested the susceptibility of seven mouse strains to develop NASH. The severity of the clinical phenotypes observed varied widely across strains. PWK/PhJ mice were the most prone to develop hepatic inflammation and the only strain to progress to NASH with extensive fibrosis, while CAST/EiJ mice were completely resistant. Levels of mitochondrial transcripts and proteins as well as mitochondrial function were robustly reduced specifically in the liver of PWK/PhJ mice, suggesting a central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH progression. Importantly, the NASH gene expression profile of PWK/PhJ mice had the highest overlap with the human NASH signature. Our study exposes the limitations of using a single mouse genetic background in metabolic studies and describes a novel NASH mouse model with features of the human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Benegiamo
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Giorgia Benegiamo:
| | | | - Sandra Rodríguez-López
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludger J.E. Goeminne
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexis M. Bachmann
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-David Morel
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Broeckx
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Jing Ying Ma
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Nabil Azhar
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Maroun Bou-Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Correspondence to Johan Auwerx:
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2
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Morel JD, Sleiman MB, Li TY, von Alvensleben G, Bachmann AM, Hofer D, Broeckx E, Ma JY, Carreira V, Chen T, Azhar N, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Breyer M, Reilly D, Mullican S, Auwerx J. Mitochondrial and NAD+ metabolism predict recovery from acute kidney injury in a diverse mouse population. JCI Insight 2023; 8:164626. [PMID: 36752209 PMCID: PMC9977436 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney failure and chronic kidney disease are global health issues steadily rising in incidence and prevalence. Animal models on a single genetic background have so far failed to recapitulate the clinical presentation of human nephropathies. Here, we used a simple model of folic acid-induced kidney injury in 7 highly diverse mouse strains. We measured plasma and urine parameters, as well as renal histopathology and mRNA expression data, at 1, 2, and 6 weeks after injury, covering the early recovery and long-term remission. We observed an extensive strain-specific response ranging from complete resistance of the CAST/EiJ to high sensitivity of the C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and PWK/PhJ strains. In susceptible strains, the severe early kidney injury was accompanied by the induction of mitochondrial stress response (MSR) genes and the attenuation of NAD+ synthesis pathways. This is associated with delayed healing and a prolonged inflammatory and adaptive immune response 6 weeks after insult, heralding a transition to chronic kidney disease. Through a thorough comparison of the transcriptomic response in mouse and human disease, we show that critical metabolic gene alterations were shared across species, and we highlight the PWK/PhJ strain as an emergent model of transition from acute kidney injury to chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Morel
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Terytty Yang Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo von Alvensleben
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexis M. Bachmann
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dina Hofer
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Broeckx
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jing Ying Ma
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Tao Chen
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nabil Azhar
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Matthew Breyer
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dermot Reilly
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Marella M, Yao X, Carreira V, Bustamante MF, Clark HB, Jackson CC, Zudaire E, Schecter JM, Glover TD, Shenton J, Cornax I. Comprehensive BCMA Expression Profiling in Adult Normal Human Brain Suggests a Low Risk of On-target Neurotoxicity in BCMA-targeting Multiple Myeloma Therapy. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:273-287. [PMID: 35193424 PMCID: PMC8971684 DOI: 10.1369/00221554221079579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a target for the treatment of multiple myeloma with cytolytic therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cells or T-cell redirecting antibodies. To better understand the potential for "on-target/off-tumor" toxicity caused by BCMA-targeting cytolytic therapies in the brain, we investigated normal brain BCMA expression. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay using the E6D7B commercial monoclonal antibody was applied to 107 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain samples (cerebrum, basal ganglia, cerebellum, brainstem; 63 unique donors). Although immunoreactivity was observed in a small number of neurons in brain regions including the striatum, thalamus, midbrain, and medulla, this immunoreactivity was considered nonspecific and not reflective of BCMA expression because it was distinct from the membranous and Golgi-like pattern seen in positive control samples, was not replicated when a different IHC antibody (D6 clone) was used, and was not corroborated by in situ hybridization data. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data from 478 donors in the GTEx and Allen BrainSpan databases demonstrated low levels of BCMA RNA expression in the striatum of young donors with levels becoming negligible beyond 30 years of age. We concluded that BCMA protein is not present in normal adult human brain, and therefore on-target toxicity in the brain is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang Yao
- Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, LLC, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - H Brent Clark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ingrid Cornax
- Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, LLC, San Diego, California
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4
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Carreira V, Standeven AM, Ma JY, Hardisty J, Cohen SM, Kerns WD, Snook S. Inhibitors of TGFβR1/ALK4/JNK3/Flt1 Kinases in Cynomolgus Macaques Lead to the Rapid Induction of Renal Epithelial Tumors. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:51-61. [PMID: 33483736 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two young cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) given a small molecule kinase inhibitor ((S)-4-((2-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)nicotinamide [SCIO-120]) via nasogastric intubation gavage, once-daily for 21 days at 400 mg/kg/day, developed an unusual epithelial proliferative process in the renal parenchyma. Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of the lesions confirmed an invasive malignant epithelial neoplasm (carcinoma). A similar renal neoplasm was seen in a third macaque after a 14-day exposure to a second kinase inhibitor in the same chemical series ((S) 4-((2-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-N-cyclopropylnicotinamide [SCIO-974]). Despite remarkably short latency periods, exposure to these kinase inhibitors was likely causally associated with the induction of the renal tumors, as renal carcinomas are exceedingly rare spontaneously in macaques. Both SCIO-120 and SCIO-974 were designed as potent TGFβR1 inhibitors (IC50s 37 and 39 nM, respectively). SCIO-120 and SCIO-974 inhibited additional kinases, most notably closely related ALK4 (IC50 = 34 and 20 nM, respectively), c-Jun n-Terminal kinase 3 (JNK3, IC50 = 10 and 20 nM, respectively), and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (29 and 76 nM, respectively). TGFβR1 has been specifically implicated in epithelial proliferative disorders, including neoplasia. Neither SCIO-120 nor SCIO-974 was genotoxic based on bacterial reverse mutation and/or clastogenicity screening assays. The rapid appearance of renal carcinomas in primates following short-term treatment with nongenotoxic kinase inhibitors is remarkable and suggests that the compounds had noteworthy tumor-enhancing effects, hypothetically linked to their TGFβR1 inhibition activity. These observations have implications for mechanisms of carcinogenesis and TGFβR1 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew M Standeven
- Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jing Ying Ma
- Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Jerry Hardisty
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories (EPL), Sterling, Virginia 20166, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3135, USA
| | - Williams D Kerns
- Department of Nonclinical Drug Development, Accellient Partners, Evergreen, Colorado, USA
| | - Sandra Snook
- Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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5
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Senese PB, Doherty K, Bullough D, Carreira V, Gralinski M. Effect of TSN3015 on the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Chamanza R, Naylor SW, Carreira V, Amuzie C, Ma JY, Bradley AE, Blankenship B, McDorman K, Louden C. Normal Anatomy, Histology, and Spontaneous Pathology of the Kidney, and Selected Renal Biomarker Reference Ranges in the Cynomolgus Monkey. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:612-633. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623319859263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To further our understanding of the nonhuman primate kidney anatomy, histology, and incidences of spontaneous pathology, we retrospectively examined kidneys from a total of 505 control Cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis; 264 male and 241 females) aged 2 to 6 years, from toxicity studies. Kidney weights, urinalysis, and kidney-related clinical biochemistry parameters were also evaluated. Although the functional anatomy of the monkey kidney is relatively similar to that of other laboratory animals and humans, a few differences and species-specific peculiarities exist. Unlike humans, the macaque kidney is unipapillate, with a relatively underdeveloped papilla, scarce long loops of Henle, and a near-equivalent cortical to medullary ratio. The most common spontaneous microscopic findings were interstitial infiltrates or interstitial nephritis and other tubular lesions, but several forms of glomerulopathy that may be interpreted as drug-induced were occasionally observed. Common incidental findings of little pathological significance included: papillary mineralization, epithelial pigment, multinucleate cells, cuboidal metaplasia of the Bowman’s capsule, and urothelial inclusions. Kidney weights, and some clinical chemistry parameters, showed age- and sex-related variations. Taken together, these data will aid the toxicologic pathologist to better evaluate the nonhuman primate kidney and assess the species’ suitability as a model for identifying and characterizing drug-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Chamanza
- Nonclinical Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Vinicius Carreira
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chidozie Amuzie
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Jing Ying Ma
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Calvert Louden
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, USA
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7
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Carreira V, Palanisamy G, Quist E, Nelson K, Fossey S, Zimmerman B, Ramaiah L, Schafer KA. Practical Strategies for Navigating Toxicologic Pathology in One's Early Career…and Beyond! Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:1037-1048. [PMID: 30352538 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318805716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The toxicologic pathologist plays a vital role in the scientific community, using their unique blend of diagnostic and investigative skills to advance biomedical research, public health, drug discovery, or regulatory practices. But what exactly do toxicologic pathologists contribute? Where do these specialized professionals work? How can toxicologic pathologists maximize their efficiency and potential? To enlighten students and trainees, as well as early- or mid-career toxicologic pathologists, or even those approaching retirement, the Career Development and Outreach Committee of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) sponsored a career development workshop entitled "Practical Strategies for Navigating Toxicologic Pathology in One's Early Career…and Beyond!" in conjunction with the STP 37th annual symposium. The workshop featured toxicologic pathologists from contract research organizations and the pharmaceutical industry, who provided their perspectives on career preparation, evolving veterinary pathologist roles within various sectors of toxicologic pathology, the fundamentals of safety assessment, logistics of projects involving good laboratory practices, tools for effective interpretation and communication of anatomic and clinical pathology results, and a recap of scientific resources available to support the toxicologic pathologist in his or her journey. This article provides brief summaries of the talks presented during this career development workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erin Quist
- 3 Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith Nelson
- 4 MPI Research (A Charles River Laboratories Company), Mattawan, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Lila Ramaiah
- 7 Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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8
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Elmore SA, Carreira V, Labriola CS, Mahapatra D, McKeag SR, Rinke M, Shackelford C, Singh B, Talley A, Wallace SM, Wancket LM, Willson CJ. Proceedings of the 2018 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:865-897. [PMID: 30282530 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318800734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 2018 annual National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri," was held in Indianapolis, Indiana, at the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's 37th annual meeting. The goal of this symposium was to present and discuss challenging diagnostic pathology and/or nomenclature issues. This article presents summaries of the speakers' talks along with select images that were used by the audience for voting and discussion. Various lesions and other topics covered during the symposium included seminiferous tubule dysgenesis in rats, ameloblast and odontoblast degeneration/necrosis in a Sprague Dawley rat, intestinal leiomyositis in a beagle dog, gallbladder mucinous hyperplasia, focus of hepatocellular alteration and bile duct alteration in otters, renal tubule cytoplasmic vacuolation with basophilic granules in mice treated swith antisense oligonucleotide therapy, a uterine choriocarcinoma in a rhesus macaque, and rete ovarii proliferative ovarian lesions in various aged rat strains. One particularly provocative lesion was a malignant neoplastic proliferation in the renal pelvic region of a cynomolgus macaque from a 21-day study. Additional challenging lesions included thyroid proliferative lesions in zebra fish and gross findings in fish larvae during routine chemical screening. The Rabbit and Minipig International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria Organ Working Groups also presented a series of challenging lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Elmore
- 1 Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Caralyn S Labriola
- 3 Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Debabrata Mahapatra
- 4 Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sean R McKeag
- 5 Covance Laboratories, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cynthia Shackelford
- 7 Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bhanu Singh
- 8 Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley Talley
- 9 Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shannon M Wallace
- 10 Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Sterling, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Cynthia J Willson
- 4 Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Hailey JR, Maleeff BE, Thomas HC, Pearse G, Klapwijk JC, Cristofori PG, Berridge B, Kimbrough CL, Parker GA, Morton D, Elmore S, Hardisty JF, Dybdal NO, Rehagen DA, Fikes JD, Lamb M, Biddle K, Buetow BS, Carreira V, Nyska A, Tripathi NK, Workman HC, Bienvenu JG, Brees I, Turk JR, Adler RR. A Diagnostic Approach for Rodent Progressive Cardiomyopathy and Like Lesions in Toxicology Studies up to 28 Days in the Sprague Dawley Rat (Part 2 of 2). Toxicol Pathol 2018; 45:1055-1066. [PMID: 29233079 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317743948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To test the diagnostic approach described in part 1 of this article, 2 exercises were completed by pathologists from multiple companies/agencies. Pathologist's examination of whole slide image (WSI) heart sections from rats using personal diagnostic approaches (exercise #1) corroborated conclusions from study #1. Using the diagnostic approach described in part 1, these pathologists examined the same WSI heart sections (exercise #2) to determine whether that approach increased consistency of diagnosis of rodent progressive cardiomyopathy (PCM) lesions. In exercise #2, there was improved consistency of categorization of small borderline morphologies and mild lesions, but a decrement in consistency of categorizing minimal lesions. Exercises 1 and 2 suggest the described diagnostic approach is representative of that in use by the majority of toxicologic pathologists across companies/agencies and that application by all may improve diagnostic consistency of PCM/like lesions. Additionally, a criterion of approximately 5% heart section involvement is suggested for separating mild from moderate or greater severity. While evidence is not absolute, until further investigation shows otherwise, microscopic changes resembling PCM, but located in the epicardial and subepicardial region of the right ventricle, may be considered as part of the spectrum of PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heath C Thomas
- 3 Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gail Pearse
- 4 GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Elmore
- 8 National Institute of Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jerry F Hardisty
- 9 Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Noel O Dybdal
- 10 Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Martin Lamb
- 12 Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Abraham Nyska
- 15 Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Timrat, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rick R Adler
- 2 GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Hailey JR, Maleeff BE, Thomas HC, Pearse G, Klapwijk JC, Cristofori PG, Berridge B, Kimbrough CL, Parker GA, Morton D, Elmore S, Hardisty JF, Dybdal NO, Rehagen DA, Fikes JD, Lamb M, Biddle K, Buetow BS, Carreira V, Nyska A, Tripathi NK, Workman HC, Bienvenu JG, Brees I, Turk JR, Adler RR. A Diagnostic Approach for Rodent Progressive Cardiomyopathy and Like Lesions in Toxicology Studies up to 28 Days in the Sprague Dawley Rat (Part 1 of 2). Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:1043-1054. [PMID: 29173114 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317743938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous rodent progressive cardiomyopathy (PCM) in the Sprague Dawley rat may confound identification and/or interpretation of potential test article (TA)-related cardiotoxicity. Pathologists apply diagnostic term(s) and thresholds for diagnosing and assigning severity grades for PCM and/or PCM-like (PCM/like) lesions consistently within a study, which is necessary to identify and interpret TA-related findings. Due to differences in training and/or experiences, diagnostic terms and thresholds may vary between pathologists. Harmonized terminology and thresholds across studies will generate better historical control data, will likely enhance interpretation of study data, and may further enhance our understanding of the spontaneous change. An assessment of the diagnostic approaches of a group of 37 pathologists identified an approach that is relatively easily applied; and if adopted, it could enhance diagnostic consistency across studies. This approach uses the single "slash" term "necrosis/inflammatory cell infiltrate (NICI)" as the diagnosis for the spectrum of lesions seen in younger rats, uses no threshold for diagnosis (e.g., diagnose all lesions clearly identifiable as PCM/like), and uses aggregate lesion size of approximately ≥45% of the field of view (FOV) using a 10×/22 eyepiece and the 40× objective or approximately ≥100% of the FOV using the 60× objective as the criterion separating minimal from mild severities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heath C Thomas
- 3 Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gail Pearse
- 4 GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Elmore
- 8 National Institute of Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jerry F Hardisty
- 9 Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Noel O Dybdal
- 10 Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Martin Lamb
- 12 Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Abraham Nyska
- 15 Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Timrat, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rick R Adler
- 2 GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Carreira V. Book Review: Pathology for Toxicologists: Principles and Practices of Laboratory Animal Pathology for Study Personnel. Toxicol Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623317741076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Carreira V. Book Review: Pathology for Toxicologists: Principles and Practices of Laboratory Animal Pathology for Study Personnel. Int J Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581817720152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Carreira
- Senior Pathologist, Vet Path Services, Inc, Pathology, Mason, OH, USA
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13
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Wang Q, Kurita H, Carreira V, Ko CI, Fan Y, Zhang X, Biesiada J, Medvedovic M, Puga A. Ah Receptor Activation by Dioxin Disrupts Activin, BMP, and WNT Signals During the Early Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Functions. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:346-57. [PMID: 26572662 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The AHR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates gene-environment interactions. Genome-wide expression profiling during differentiation of mouse ES cells into cardiomyocytes showed that AHR activation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; Dioxin (TCDD), its prototypical ligand, disrupted the expression of multiple homeobox transcription factors and inhibited cardiomyocyte contractility. Here we treated ES cells with TCDD at daily differentiation intervals to investigate whether TCDD-induced loss of contractility had a developmental window of sensitivity. Surprisingly, contractility was an AHR-dependent TCDD target solely between differentiation days 0 and 3 during the period of panmesoderm development, when TCDD also disrupted expression of genes in the TGFβ/BMP2/4 and wingless-type MMTV integration site (WNT)signaling pathways, suppressed the secretion of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP4), WNT3a, and WNT5a and elevated the secretion of Activin A, as determined by ELISA of the secreted proteins in the culture medium. Supplementing the culture medium with BMP4, WNT3a, or WNT5a during the first 3 days of differentiation successfully countered TCDD-induced impairment of contractility, while anti-WNT3a, or anti-WNT5a antibodies or continuous Noggin (a BMP4 antagonist) or Activin A treatment inhibited the contractile phenotype. In Ahr(+/+), but not in Ahr(-) (/) (-) ES cells, TCDD treatment significantly increased mitochondrial copy number, suggestive of mitochondrial stress and remodeling. Sustained AHR activation during ES cell differentiation appears to disrupt the expression of signals critical to the ontogeny of cardiac mesoderm and cause the loss of contractility in the resulting cardiomyocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Hisaka Kurita
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Vinicius Carreira
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Chia-I Ko
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Yunxia Fan
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
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Carreira V, Fan Y, Wang Q, Zhang X, Kurita H, Ko CI, Natichioni M, Jiang M, Kock S, Medvedovic M, Rubinstein J, Puga A. The Ah receptor signaling pathway critically regulates cardiac development. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Sánchez-Martín FJ, Fan Y, Carreira V, Ovesen JL, Vonhandorf A, Xia Y, Puga A. Long-term Coexposure to Hexavalent Chromium and B[a]P Causes Tissue-Specific Differential Biological Effects in Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:52-64. [PMID: 25820237 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex mixtures of environmental agents often cause mixture-specific health effects that cannot be accounted for by a single mechanism. To study the biological effects of exposure to a mixture of chromium-VI and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), often found together in the environment, we exposed mice for 60 days to 0, 55, 550, or 5500 ppb Cr(VI) in drinking water followed by 90 days of coexposure to B[a]P at 0, 1.25, 12.5, or 125 mg/kg/day and examined liver and gastrointestinal (GI) tract for exposure effects. In the liver, the mixture caused more significant histopathology than expected from the sum of effects of the individual components, while in the GI tract, Cr(VI) alone caused significant enterocyte hypertrophy and increases in cell proliferation and DNA damage that were also observed in mice coexposed to B[a]P. Expression of genes involved in drug metabolism, tumor suppression, oxidative stress, and inflammation was altered in mixed exposures relative to control and to singly exposed mice. Drug metabolism and oxidative stress genes were upregulated and tumor suppressor and inflammation genes downregulated in the proximal GI tract, whereas most markers were upregulated in the distal GI tract and downregulated in the liver. Oral exposure to Cr(VI) and B[a]P mixtures appears to have tissue-specific differential consequences in liver and GI tract that cannot be predicted from the effects of each individual toxicant. Tissue specificity may be particularly critical in cases of extended exposure to mixtures of these agents, as may happen in the occupational setting or in areas where drinking water contains elevated levels of Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Yunxia Fan
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Vinicius Carreira
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Jerald L Ovesen
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Andrew Vonhandorf
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
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16
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Padró J, Carreira V, Corio C, Hasson E, Soto IM. Host alkaloids differentially affect developmental stability and wing vein canalization in cactophilic Drosophila buzzatii. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:2781-97. [PMID: 25366093 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Host shifts cause drastic consequences on fitness in cactophilic species of Drosophila. It has been argued that changes in the nutritional values accompanying host shifts may elicit these fitness responses, but they may also reflect the presence of potentially toxic secondary compounds that affect resource quality. Recent studies reported that alkaloids extracted from the columnar cactus Trichocereus terscheckii are toxic for the developing larvae of Drosophila buzzatii. In this study, we tested the effect of artificial diets including increasing doses of host alkaloids on developmental stability and wing morphology in D. buzzatii. We found that alkaloids disrupt normal wing venation patterning and affect viability, wing size and fluctuating asymmetry, suggesting the involvement of stress-response mechanisms. Theoretical implications are discussed in the context of developmental stability, stress, fitness and their relationship with robustness, canalization and phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Padró
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA - CONICET/UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Meng Q, Mongan M, Carreira V, Kurita H, Liu CY, Kao WWY, Xia Y. Eyelid closure in embryogenesis is required for ocular adnexa development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:7652-61. [PMID: 25377219 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mammalian eye development requires temporary fusion of the upper and lower eyelids in embryogenesis. Failure of lid closure in mice leads to an eye open at birth (EOB) phenotype. Many genetic mutant strains develop this phenotype and studies of the mutants lead to a better understanding of the signaling mechanisms of morphogenesis. The present study investigates the roles of lid closure in eye development. METHODS Seven mutant mouse strains were generated by different gene ablation strategies that inactivated distinct signaling pathways. These mice, including systemic ablation of Map3k1 and Dkk2, ocular surface epithelium (OSE) knockout of c-Jun and Egfr, conditional knockout of Shp2 in stratified epithelium (SE), as well as the Map3k1/Jnk1 and Map3k1/Rhoa compound mutants, all exhibited defective eyelid closure. The embryonic and postnatal eyes in these mice were characterized by histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Some eye abnormalities, such as smaller lens in the Map3k1-null mice and Harderian gland hypoplasia in the Dkk2-null mice, appeared to be mutant strain-specific, whereas other abnormalities were seen in all mutants examined. The common defects included corneal erosion/ulceration, meibomian gland hypoplasia, truncation of the eyelid tarsal muscles, failure of levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) extension into the upper eyelid and misplacement of the inferior oblique (IO) muscle and inferior rectus (IR) muscle. The muscle defects were traced to the prenatal fetuses. CONCLUSIONS In addition to providing a protective barrier for the ocular surface, eyelid closure in embryogenesis is required for the development of ocular adnexa, including eyelid and extraocular muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghang Meng
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Maureen Mongan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Vinicius Carreira
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Hisaka Kurita
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Chia-Yang Liu
- Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Winston W-Y Kao
- Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
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Smiley D, Smith MA, Carreira V, Jiang M, Koch SE, Kelley M, Rubinstein J, Jones WK, Tranter M. Increased fibrosis and progression to heart failure in MRL mice following ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Pathol 2014; 23:327-34. [PMID: 25035060 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac regenerative capacity of MRL/MpJ mouse remains a controversy. Although the MRL mouse has been reported to exhibit minimal scarring and subsequent cardiac regeneration after cryoinjury of the right ventricle, multiple studies have been unable to replicate this cardiac regenerative capacity after both cryogenic and coronary ligation cardiac injury. Therefore, we evaluated the cardiac regenerative wound-healing response and functional recovery of MRL mice compared to C57 mice, in response to a clinically relevant left ventricular (LV) coronary ligation. Male MRL/MpJ+/+ and C57BL/6 mice underwent left coronary artery ligation followed by reperfusion. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography [LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LV mass, wall thickness] at 24 hours post-ischemia and weekly for 13 weeks thereafter. Hearts were also analyzed histologically for individual cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Our results show that contrary to prior reports of cardiac regenerations, MRL mice progress to heart failure more rapidly following I/R injury as marked by a significant decrease in LVEF, increase in LVEDV, LV mass, individual myocyte size, and fibrosis in the post-ischemic myocardium. Therefore, we conclude that MRL mice do not exhibit regeneration of the LV or enhanced functional improvement in response to coronary ligation. However, unlike prior studies, we matched initial infarct size in MRL and C57 mice, used high frequency echocardiography, and histological analysis to reach this conclusion. The prospect of cardiac regeneration after ischemia in MRL mice seems to have attenuated interest, given the multiple negative studies and the promise of stem cell cardiac regeneration. However, our novel observation that MRL may possess an impaired compensated hypertrophy response makes the MRL mouse strain an interesting model in the study of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dia Smiley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Margaret A Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Vinicius Carreira
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sheryl E Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Melissa Kelley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - W Keith Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael Tranter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
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Rubinstein J, Lasko VM, Koch SE, Singh VP, Carreira V, Robbins N, Patel AR, Jiang M, Bidwell P, Kranias EG, Jones WK, Lorenz JN. Novel role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 in the regulation of cardiac performance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H574-84. [PMID: 24322617 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00854.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channels have been implicated in the regulation of cardiovascular function, but only recently has our laboratory described the vanilloid-2 subtype (TRPV2) in the cardiomyocyte, though its exact mechanism of action has not yet been established. This study tests the hypothesis that TRPV2 plays an important role in regulating myocyte contractility under physiological conditions. Therefore, we measured cardiac and vascular function in wild-type and TRPV2(-/-) mice in vitro and in vivo and found that TRPV2 deletion resulted in a decrease in basal systolic and diastolic function without affecting loading conditions or vascular tone. TRPV2 stimulation with probenecid, a relatively selective TRPV2 agonist, caused an increase in both inotropy and lusitropy in wild-type mice that was blunted in TRPV2(-/-) mice. We examined the mechanism of TRPV2 inotropy/lusitropy in isolated myocytes and found that it modulates Ca(2+) transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) loading. We show that the activity of this channel is necessary for normal cardiac function and that there is increased contractility in response to agonism of TRPV2 with probenecid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Rubinstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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20
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Wang Q, Chen J, Ko CI, Fan Y, Carreira V, Chen Y, Xia Y, Medvedovic M, Puga A. Disruption of aryl hydrocarbon receptor homeostatic levels during embryonic stem cell differentiation alters expression of homeobox transcription factors that control cardiomyogenesis. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:1334-43. [PMID: 24058054 PMCID: PMC3855521 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates the expression of xenobiotic detoxification genes and is a critical mediator of gene-environment interactions. Many AHR target genes identified by genome-wide gene expression profiling have morphogenetic functions, suggesting that AHR may play a role in embryonic development. OBJECTIVES To characterize the developmental functions of the AHR, we studied the consequences of AHR activation by the agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-doxin (TCDD), and the result of its repression by the antagonists 6,2,4-trimethoxyflavone and CH 223191 or by short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated Ahr knockdown during spontaneous differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into cardiomyocytes. METHODS We generated an AHR-positive cardiomyocyte lineage differentiated from mouse ES cells that expresses puromycin resistance and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the Cyp1a1 (cytochrome P450 1a1) promoter. We used RNA sequencing (RNA.Seq) to analyze temporal trajectories of TCDD-dependent global gene expression in these cells during differentiation. RESULTS Activation, inhibition, and knockdown of Ahr significantly inhibited the formation of contractile cardiomyocyte nodes. Global expression analysis of AHR-positive cells showed that activation of the AHR/TCDD axis disrupted the concerted expression of genes that regulate multiple signaling pathways involved in cardiac and neural morphogenesis and differentiation, including dozens of genes encoding homeobox transcription factors and Polycomb and trithorax group proteins. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of AHR expression levels resulted in gene expression changes that perturbed cardiomyocyte differentiation. The main function of the AHR during development appears to be the coordination of a complex regulatory network responsible for attainment and maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Jin C, Chen J, Meng Q, Carreira V, Tam NNC, Geh E, Karyala S, Ho SM, Zhou X, Medvedovic M, Xia Y. Deciphering gene expression program of MAP3K1 in mouse eyelid morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2012. [PMID: 23201579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic eyelid closure involves forward movement and ultimate fusion of the upper and lower eyelids, an essential step of mammalian ocular surface development. Although its underlying mechanism of action is not fully understood, a functional mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1) is required for eyelid closure. Here we investigate the molecular signatures of MAP3K1 in eyelid morphogenesis. At mouse gestational day E15.5, the developmental stage immediately prior to eyelid closure, MAP3K1 expression is predominant in the eyelid leading edge (LE) and the inner eyelid (IE) epithelium. We used laser capture microdissection (LCM) to obtain highly enriched LE and IE cells from wild type and MAP3K1-deficient fetuses and analyzed genome-wide expression profiles. The gene expression data led to the identification of three distinct developmental features of MAP3K1. First, MAP3K1 modulated Wnt and Sonic hedgehog signals, actin reorganization, and proliferation only in LE but not in IE epithelium, illustrating the temporal-spatial specificity of MAP3K1 in embryogenesis. Second, MAP3K1 potentiated AP-2α expression and SRF and AP-1 activity, but its target genes were enriched for binding motifs of AP-2α and SRF, and not AP-1, suggesting the existence of novel MAP3K1-AP-2α/SRF modules in gene regulation. Third, MAP3K1 displayed variable effects on expression of lineage specific genes in the LE and IE epithelium, revealing potential roles of MAP3K1 in differentiation and lineage specification. Using LCM and expression array, our studies have uncovered novel molecular signatures of MAP3K1 in embryonic eyelid closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jin
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Kettering Laboratory, Suite 410, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
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Homena W, Rezende P, Camarozano A, Fonseca J, Pyramides A, Oliveira D, Magalhaes J, Carreira V. B-Type natriuretic peptide assessment in coronary arterial bypass graft surgery. Crit Care 2003. [PMCID: PMC3301013 DOI: 10.1186/cc2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W Homena
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Barra D'Or Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - P Rezende
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Barra D'Or Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A Camarozano
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Barra D'Or Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J Fonseca
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Barra D'Or Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A Pyramides
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Barra D'Or Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - D Oliveira
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Barra D'Or Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J Magalhaes
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Barra D'Or Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - V Carreira
- Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Barra D'Or Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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