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Ayub A, Hasan MK, Mahmud Z, Hossain MS, Kabir Y. Dissecting the multifaceted roles of autophagy in cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic applications. Med Oncol 2024; 41:183. [PMID: 38902544 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cytoplasmic defense mechanism that cells use to break and reprocess their intracellular components. This utilization of autophagy is regarded as a savior in nutrient-deficient and other stressful conditions. Hence, autophagy keeps contact with and responds to miscellaneous cellular tensions and diverse pathways of signal transductions, such as growth signaling and cellular death. Importantly, autophagy is regarded as an effective tumor suppressor because regular autophagic breakdown is essential for cellular maintenance and minimizing cellular damage. However, paradoxically, autophagy has also been observed to promote the events of malignancies. This review discussed the dual role of autophagy in cancer, emphasizing its influence on tumor survival and progression. Possessing such a dual contribution to the malignant establishment, the prevention of autophagy can potentially advocate for the advancement of malignant transformation. In contrast, for the context of the instituted tumor, the agents of preventing autophagy potently inhibit the advancement of the tumor. Key regulators, including calpain 1, mTORC1, and AMPK, modulate autophagy in response to nutritional conditions and stress. Oncogenic mutations like RAS and B-RAF underscore autophagy's pivotal role in cancer development. The review also delves into autophagy's context-dependent roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). It also discusses the therapeutic effectiveness of autophagy for several cancers. The recent implication of autophagy in the control of both innate and antibody-mediated immune systems made it a center of attention to evaluating its role concerning tumor antigens and treatments of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afia Ayub
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Sabbir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Yearul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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2
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Wang Y, Liang ZJ, Gale RP, Liao HZ, Ma J, Gong TJ, Shao YQ, Liang Y. Chronic myeloid leukaemia: Biology and therapy. Blood Rev 2024; 65:101196. [PMID: 38604819 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is caused by BCR::ABL1. Tyrosine kinase-inhibitors (TKIs) are the initial therapy. Several organizations have reported milestones to evaluate response to initial TKI-therapy and suggest when a change of TKI should be considered. Achieving treatment-free remission (TFR) is increasingly recognized as the optimal therapy goal. Which TKI is the best initial therapy for which persons and what depth and duration of molecular remission is needed to achieve TFR are controversial. In this review we discuss these issues and suggest future research directions.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Remission Induction
- Biology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Liang
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hua-Ze Liao
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Harbin Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Tie-Jun Gong
- Harbin Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin 150010, China.
| | - Ying-Qi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Yang Liang
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
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3
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Song Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Wang H, Liu Y, Hu Z. Histone lysine demethylase 3B regulates autophagy via transcriptional regulation of GABARAPL1 in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:87. [PMID: 37326062 PMCID: PMC10552699 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a highly conserved self‑digestion process that is critical for maintaining homeostasis in response to various stresses. The autophagy‑related protein family, including the GABA type A receptor‑associated protein (GABARAP) and microtubule‑associated protein 1 light chain 3 subfamilies, is crucial for autophagosome biogenesis. Although the regulatory machinery of autophagy in the cytoplasm has been widely studied, its transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms still require more targeted investigations. The present study identified histone lysine demethylase 3B (KDM3B) as a crucial component of autophagy on a panel of leukemia cell lines, including K562, THP1 and U937, resulting in transcriptional activation of the autophagy‑related gene GABA type A receptor‑associated protein like 1 (GABARAPL1). KDM3B expression promoted autophagosome formation and affected the autophagic flux in leukemia cells under the induction of external stimuli. Notably, RNA‑sequencing and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis showed that KDM3B knockout inhibited the expression of GABARAPL1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‑quantitative PCR and luciferase assay showed that KDM3B was associated with the GABARAPL1 gene promoter under stimulation and enhanced its transcription. The present findings demonstrated that KDM3B was critical for regulating the GABARAPL1 gene and influencing the process of autophagy in leukemia cells. These results provide a new insight for exploring the association between autophagy and KDM3B epigenetic regulation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042
- Granduate School, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042
- Granduate School, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042
| | - Zhenbo Hu
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Yang B, Shao X, Ying M. Driving the degradation of oncofusion proteins for targeted cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103584. [PMID: 37061213 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Oncofusion proteins drive the development of about 16.5% of human cancers {AuQ: Edit OK?}, functioning as the unique pathogenic factor in some cancers. The targeting of oncofusion proteins is an attractive strategy to treat malignant tumors. Recently, triggering the degradation of oncofusion proteins has been shown to hold great promise as a therapeutic strategy. Here, we review the recent findings on the mechanisms that maintain the high stability of oncofusion proteins. Then, we summarize strategies to target the degradation of oncofusion proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and the caspase-dependent pathway. By examining oncofusion protein degradation in cancer, we not only gain better insight into the carcinogenic mechanisms that involve oncofusion proteins, but also raise the possibility of treating oncofusion-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingqian Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejing Shao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Meidan Ying
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Pediatric Cancer Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Zhu X, Zhang F, You Y, Wang H, Yuan S, Wu B, Zhu R, Liu D, Yan F, Wang Z. S-Ketamine Exerts Antidepressant Effects by Regulating Rac1 GTPase Mediated Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus of Stressed Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:299-314. [PMID: 35083636 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have found that ketamine has a rapid and lasting antidepressant effect, especially in the case of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The molecular mechanisms, however, remain unclear. In this study, we observe the effects of S-Ketamine on the expression of Rac1, neuronal morphology, and synaptic transmission function in the hippocampus of stressed rats. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to construct stressed rats. The rats were given a different regimen of ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 (50 µg, ICV) treatment. The depression-like behavior of rats was evaluated by sucrose preference test and open-field test. The protein expression of Rac1, GluA1, synapsin1, and PSD95 in the hippocampus was detected by Western blot. Pull-down analysis was used to examine the activity of Rac1. Golgi staining and electrophysiological study were used to observe the neuronal morphology and long-term potentiation (LTP). Our results showed that ketamine can up-regulate the expression and activity of Rac1; increase the spine density and the expression of synaptic-related proteins such as GluA1, Synapsin1, and PSD95 in the hippocampus of stressed rats; reduce the CUMS-induced LTP impairments; and consequently improve depression-like behavior. However, Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 could have effectively reversed ketamine-mediated changes in the hippocampus of rats and counteracted its antidepressant effects. The specific mechanism of S-Ketamine's antidepressant effect may be related to the up-regulation of the expression and activity of Rac1 in the hippocampus of stressed rats, thus enhancing synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bishan Hospital, Bishan, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Yufeng You
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongbai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Su Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Banglin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rongyu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Fuxia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Zaiping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China.
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6
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Chin MY, Ang KH, Davies J, Alquezar C, Garda VG, Rooney B, Leng K, Kampmann M, Arkin MR, Kao AW. Phenotypic Screening Using High-Content Imaging to Identify Lysosomal pH Modulators in a Neuronal Cell Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1505-1516. [PMID: 35522480 PMCID: PMC9121341 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are intracellular organelles responsible for the degradation of diverse macromolecules in a cell. A highly acidic pH is required for the optimal functioning of lysosomal enzymes. Loss of lysosomal intralumenal acidity can disrupt cellular protein homeostasis and is linked to age-related diseases such as neurodegeneration. Using a new robust lysosomal pH biosensor (FIRE-pHLy), we developed a cell-based fluorescence assay for high-throughput screening (HTS) and applied it to differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The goal of this study was twofold: (1) to screen for small molecules that acidify lysosomal pH and (2) to identify molecular targets and pathways that regulate lysosomal pH. We conducted a screen of 1835 bioactive compounds with annotated target information to identify lysosomal pH modulators (both acidifiers and alkalinizers). Forty-five compounds passed the initial hit selection criteria, using a combined analysis approach of population-based and object-based data. Twenty-three compounds were retested in dose-response assays and two compounds, OSI-027 and PP242, were identified as top acidifying hits. Overall, data from this phenotypic HTS screen may be used to explore novel regulatory pathways of lysosomal pH regulation. Additionally, OSI-027 and PP242 may serve as useful tool compounds to enable mechanistic studies of autophagy activation and lysosomal acidification as potential therapeutic pathways for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Y. Chin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kean-Hooi Ang
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Julia Davies
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Carolina Alquezar
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
| | - Virginia G. Garda
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Brendan Rooney
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kun Leng
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michelle R. Arkin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Aimee W. Kao
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
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7
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Seo W, Silwal P, Song IC, Jo EK. The dual role of autophagy in acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:51. [PMID: 35526025 PMCID: PMC9077970 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe hematologic malignancy prevalent in older patients, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets for AML is problematic. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent catabolic pathway involved in the tumorigenesis and/or treatment of various cancers. Mounting evidence has suggested that autophagy plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of AML and anticancer responses. In this review, we describe recent updates on the multifaceted functions of autophagy linking to genetic alterations of AML. We also summarize the latest evidence for autophagy-related genes as potential prognostic predictors and drivers of AML tumorigenesis. We then discuss the crosstalk between autophagy and tumor cell metabolism into the impact on both AML progression and anti-leukemic treatment. Moreover, a series of autophagy regulators, i.e., the inhibitors and activators, are described as potential therapeutics for AML. Finally, we describe the translation of autophagy-modulating therapeutics into clinical practice. Autophagy in AML is a double-edged sword, necessitating a deeper understanding of how autophagy influences dual functions in AML tumorigenesis and anti-leukemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyoung Seo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Ik-Chan Song
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
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8
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Rein T. Harnessing autophagy to fight SARS-CoV-2: An update in view of recent drug development efforts. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:155-160. [PMID: 34668225 PMCID: PMC9088732 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is an attractive option for identifying new treatment strategies, in particular in extraordinary situations of urgent need such as the current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Recently, the World Health Organization announced testing of three drugs as potential Covid-19 therapeutics that are known for their dampening effect on the immune system. Thus, the underlying concept of selecting these drugs is to temper the potentially life-threatening overshooting of the immune system reacting to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This viewpoint discusses the possibility that the impact of these and other drugs on autophagy contributes to their therapeutic effect by hampering the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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9
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Delvecchio VS, Fierro C, Giovannini S, Melino G, Bernassola F. Emerging roles of the HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases in hematological malignancies. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:39. [PMID: 35201500 PMCID: PMC8777521 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination-mediated proteolysis or regulation of proteins, ultimately executed by E3 ubiquitin ligases, control a wide array of cellular processes, including transcription, cell cycle, autophagy and apoptotic cell death. HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases can be distinguished from other subfamilies of E3 ubiquitin ligases because they have a C-terminal HECT domain that directly catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to their substrate proteins. Deregulation of HECT-type E3-mediated ubiquitination plays a prominent role in cancer development and chemoresistance. Several members of this subfamily are indeed frequently deregulated in human cancers as a result of genetic mutations and altered expression or activity. HECT-type E3s contribute to tumorigenesis by regulating the ubiquitination rate of substrates that function as either tumour suppressors or oncogenes. While the pathological roles of the HECT family members in solid tumors are quite well established, their contribution to the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies has only recently emerged. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the involvement of the HECT-type E3s in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Simona Delvecchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fierro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Giovannini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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10
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Huang TT, Wang X, Qiang SJ, Zhao ZN, Wu ZX, Ashby CR, Li JZ, Chen ZS. The Discovery of Novel BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Using a Pharmacophore Modeling and Virtual Screening Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649434. [PMID: 33748144 PMCID: PMC7969810 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) typically results from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 to produce the bcr-abl oncogene that when translated, yields the p210 BCR-ABL protein in more than 90% of all CML patients. This protein has constitutive tyrosine kinase activity that activates numerous downstream pathways that ultimately produces uncontrolled myeloid proliferation. Although the use of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib have increased the overall survival of CML patients, their use is limited by drug resistance and severe adverse effects. Therefore, there is the need to develop novel compounds that can overcome these problems that limit the use of these drugs. Therefore, in this study, we sought to find novel compounds using Hypogen and Hiphip pharmacophore models based on the structures of clinically approved BCR-ABL TKIs. We also used optimal pharmacophore models such as three-dimensional queries to screen the ZINC database to search for potential BCR-ABL inhibitors. The hit compounds were further screened using Lipinski’s rule of five, ADMET and molecular docking, and the efficacy of the hit compounds was evaluated. Our in vitro results indicated that compound ZINC21710815 significantly inhibited the proliferation of K562, BaF3/WT, and BaF3/T315I leukemia cells by inducing cell cycle arrest. The compound ZINC21710815 decreased the expression of p-BCR-ABL, STAT5, and Crkl and produced apoptosis and autophagy. Our results suggest that ZINC21710815 may be a potential BCR-ABL inhibitor that should undergo in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Zhen-Nan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Charles R Ashby
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Jia-Zhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
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11
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Singh AK, Awasthi D, Dubey M, Nagarkoti S, Chandra T, Barthwal MK, Tripathi AK, Dikshit M. Expression of inducible NOS is indispensable for the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect of imatinib in BCR-ABL positive cells. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:853-866. [PMID: 33527482 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0820-514r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by constitutive BCR-ABL kinase activity, an aggressive proliferation of immature cells, and reduced differentiation. Targeting tyrosine kinase activity of BCR-ABL with imatinib is an effective therapy for the newly diagnosed CML patients; however, 20%-30% of the patients initially treated with imatinib eventually experience treatment failure. Therefore, early identification of these patients is of high clinical relevance. In the present study, we by undertaking a direct comparison of inducible NOS (iNOS) status in neutrophils from healthy volunteers, newly diagnosed, imatinib responder, and resistant CML patients as well as by conducting in vitro studies in K562 cells demonstrated that inhibition of BCR-ABL by imatinib or siRNA significantly enhanced NO generation and iNOS expression. Indeed, patients exhibiting treatment failure or imatinib resistance were less likely to induce NO generation/iNOS expression. Our findings further demonstrated that imatinib mediated antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect in BCR-ABL+ cells associated with enhanced iNOS expression, and it was significantly prevented in the presence of L-NAME, 1400W, or iNOS siRNA. Overexpression of iNOS in K562 cells expectedly enhanced imatinib sensitivity on cytostasis and apoptosis, even at lower concentration (0.1 μM) of imatinib. Mechanistically, imatinib or BCR-ABL siRNA following deglutathionylation of NF-κB, enhanced its binding to iNOS promoter and induced iNOS transcription. Deglutathionylation of procaspase-3 however associated with increased caspase-3 activity and cell apoptosis. Taken together, results obtained suggest that monitoring NO/iNOS level could be useful to identify patients likely to be responsive or resistant to imatinib and can be used to personalized alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Megha Dubey
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Tulika Chandra
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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12
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8-Hydroxydaidzein, an Isoflavone from Fermented Soybean, Induces Autophagy, Apoptosis, Differentiation, and Degradation of Oncoprotein BCR-ABL in K562 Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110506. [PMID: 33207739 PMCID: PMC7696406 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Hydroxydaidzein (8-OHD, 7,8,4′-trihydoxyisoflavone) is a hydroxylated derivative of daidzein isolated from fermented soybean products. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-proliferative effects and the underlying mechanisms of 8-OHD in K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. We found that 8-OHD induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and cell cycle arrest at the S phase by upregulating p21Cip1 and downregulating cyclin D2 (CCND2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) expression. 8-OHD also induced autophagy, caspase-7-dependent apoptosis, and the degradation of BCR-ABL oncoprotein. 8-OHD promoted Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1)-mediated megakaryocytic differentiation as an increased expression of marker genes, CD61 and CD42b, and the formation of multi-lobulated nuclei in enlarged K562 cells. A microarray-based transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 3174 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after 8-OHD (100 μM) treatment for 48 h. Bioinformatics analysis of DEGs showed that hemopoiesis, cell cycle regulation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT)-mediated apoptosis/anti-apoptosis networks were significantly regulated by 8-OHD. Western blot analysis confirmed that 8-OHD significantly induced the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, both of which may be responsible, at least in part, for the stimulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and differentiation in K562 cells. This is the first report on the anti-CML effects of 8-OHD and the combination of experimental and in silico analyses could provide a better understanding for the development of 8-OHD on CML therapy.
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13
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Yin Z, Huang G, Gu C, Liu Y, Yang J, Fei J. Discovery of Berberine that Targetedly Induces Autophagic Degradation of both BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL T315I through Recruiting LRSAM1 for Overcoming Imatinib Resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4040-4053. [PMID: 32098768 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Imatinib, the breakpoint cluster region protein (BCR)/Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ABL) inhibitor, is widely used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, imatinib resistance develops in many patients. Therefore, new drugs with improved therapeutic effects are urgently needed. Berberine (BBR) is a potent BCR-ABL inhibitor for imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Protein structure analysis and virtual screening were used to identify BBR targets in CML. Molecular docking analysis, surface plasmon resonance imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance assays, and thermoshift assays were performed to confirm the BBR target. The change in BCR-ABL protein expression after BBR treatment was assessed by Western blotting. The effects of BBR were assessed in vitro in cell lines, in vivo in mice, and in human CML bone marrow cells as a potential strategy to overcome imatinib resistance. RESULTS We discovered that BBR bound to the protein tyrosine kinase domain of BCR-ABL. BBR inhibited the activity of BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL with the T315I mutation, and it also degraded these proteins via the autophagic lysosome pathway by recruiting E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LRSAM1. BBR inhibited the cell viability and colony formation of CML cells and prolonged survival in CML mouse models with imatinib sensitivity and resistance. CONCLUSIONS The results show that BBR directly binds to and degrades BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL T315I via the autophagic lysosome pathway by recruiting LRSAM1. The use of BBR is a new strategy to improve the treatment of patients with CML with imatinib sensitivity or resistance.See related commentary by Elf, p. 3899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangdong, China.,Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiping Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangdong, China.,Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunming Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangdong, China.,Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangdong, China.,Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangdong, China.,Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Fei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangdong, China.,Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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14
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Niu Y, Yang X, Chen Y, Jin X, Li L, Guo Y, Li X, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Wang H. EVI1 induces autophagy to promote drug resistance via regulation of ATG7 expression in leukemia cells. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:961-971. [PMID: 31593983 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) is an oncogenic transcription factor, which is abnormally expressed in myeloid leukemia and other several solid cancers. It is associated with short survival as well as anticancer drug resistance. Autophagy is a protective mechanism that promotes cancer cell growth and survival under stressed conditions including clinical drug treatment. Here evidences are provided that EVI1 induces autophagy and mediated drug resistance in myeloid leukemia cells. Both knockdown using RNAi and pharmacological inhibition of autophagy significantly increase sensitivity to cytotoxic drug treatment in EVI1high cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that EVI1 regulated autophagy by directly binding to autophagy-related gene autophagy related 7 (ATG7) promoter and transcriptionally upregulating its expression. Notably, ATG7 expression was positively correlated with EVI1 in bone marrow mononuclear cells from myeloid leukemia patients. Acute myeloid leukemia patients with high level of EVI1 are associated with unfavorable overall survival, which was aggravated by simultaneous high expression of ATG7 in these patients. Furthermore, ChIP and firefly luciferase reporter assay identified an EVI1-binding site at 227 upstream promoter region of ATG7 which regulated its transcription. In addition, enforced expression of EVI1 also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and ATG7 mRNA levels as well as autophagy activity, whereas the increase was attenuated after treatment with reactive oxygen species scavenger, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in EVI1-induced autophagy. These findings demonstrate that EVI protects myeloid leukemia cell from anticancer drug treatment by inducing autophagy through dual control of ATG7. These results might present a new therapeutic approach for improving treatment outcome in myelogenous leukemia with EVI1high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xinyue Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Yilin Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xuelu Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Yecheng Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
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15
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Humbert M, Morán M, de la Cruz-Ojeda P, Muntané J, Wiedmer T, Apostolova N, McKenna SL, Velasco G, Balduini W, Eckhart L, Janji B, Sampaio-Marques B, Ludovico P, Žerovnik E, Langer R, Perren A, Engedal N, Tschan MP. Assessing Autophagy in Archived Tissue or How to Capture Autophagic Flux from a Tissue Snapshot. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E59. [PMID: 32245178 PMCID: PMC7150830 DOI: 10.3390/biology9030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation mechanism that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In human disease, autophagy pathways are frequently deregulated and there is immense interest in targeting autophagy for therapeutic approaches. Accordingly, there is a need to determine autophagic activity in human tissues, an endeavor that is hampered by the fact that autophagy is characterized by the flux of substrates whereas histology informs only about amounts and localization of substrates and regulators at a single timepoint. Despite this challenging task, considerable progress in establishing markers of autophagy has been made in recent years. The importance of establishing clear-cut autophagy markers that can be used for tissue analysis cannot be underestimated. In this review, we attempt to summarize known techniques to quantify autophagy in human tissue and their drawbacks. Furthermore, we provide some recommendations that should be taken into consideration to improve the reliability and the interpretation of autophagy biomarkers in human tissue samples.
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Grants
- none Bernese Cancer League
- none Stiftung für klinisch-experimentelle Tumorforschung
- none Werner and Hedy Berger-Janser Foundation for Cancer Research
- PI14/01085 and PI17/00093 FIS and FEDER funds from the EU
- CPII16/00023 ISCIII and FSE funds
- RTI2018-096748-B-100 the Spanish Minsitry of Science, Innovation and Universities
- none University Professor Training Fellowship, Ministry of Science, Innovation and University, Government of Spain
- PI18/00442 the State Plan for R & D + I2013-2016 and funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- none European Regional Development Fund
- C18/BM/12670304/COMBATIC Luxembourg National Research Fund
- NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013 Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE)
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028159 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030782 FEDER, through the COMPETE
- none National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT
- none ARRS - the Slovenian research agency, programme P1-0140: Proteolysis and its regulation
- KFS-3360-02-2014 the Swiss Cancer Research
- KFS-3409-02-2014 the Swiss Cancer Research
- 31003A_173219 Swiss National Science Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Humbert
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - María Morán
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital ‘12 de Octubre’ (‘imas12’), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University “Virgen del Rocío”/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University “Virgen del Rocío”/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tabea Wiedmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sharon L. McKenna
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Cancer Research at UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, and Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Balduini
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Bassam Janji
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) Group, Department of Oncology—Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paula Ludovico
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eva Žerovnik
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Nikolai Engedal
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
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16
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Zhao Q, Ren C, Liu L, Chen J, Shao Y, Sun N, Sun R, Kong Y, Ding X, Zhang X, Xu Y, Yang B, Yin Q, Yang X, Jiang B. Discovery of SIAIS178 as an Effective BCR-ABL Degrader by Recruiting Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) E3 Ubiquitin Ligase. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9281-9298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quanju Zhao
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Linyi Liu
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Yubao Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Renhong Sun
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Biao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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17
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Huang X, Li Y, Shou L, Li L, Chen Z, Ye X, Qian W. The molecular mechanisms underlying BCR/ABL degradation in chronic myeloid leukemia cells promoted by Beclin1-mediated autophagy. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5197-5208. [PMID: 31239774 PMCID: PMC6559765 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s202442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The development of drug resistance and the persistence of leukemia stem cells are major obstacles for the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The induction of autophagic death in tumor cells represents a new route for leukemia treatment. Our previous study showed that infection of CML cells with oncolytic viruses carrying the autophagy gene Beclin1 downregulated BCR/ABL protein expression and significantly increased the killing effect of the oncolytic viruses on CML cells via autophagy activation. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of BCR/ABL and Beclin1-dependent CML cell killing remain unclear. Methods: A physical interaction between BCR/ABL and Beclin1 was characterized via GST-pulldown, co-IP and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Cell proliferation was examined via CCK-8 and clone formation assays. The expression levels of the related proteins were measured via Western blotting. Autophagosomes were observed under transmission electron microscopy. Lentiviral vectors carrying Atg7/UVRAG shRNA or the Beclin1 gene were used to modulate the expression levels of the indicated genes. Immunofluorescence were performed to examine colocalization of BCR/ABL and p62/SQSTM1. CD34+CD38− cells were isolated from bone marrow samples from CML patients via fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Results: In this study, we observed that Beclin1 directly interacts with BCR/ABL. Beclin1 inhibited the activity of the BCR/ABL promoter to downregulate the level of BCR/ABL protein and to promote the downstream colocalization of p62/SQSTM1 and BCR/ABL to autolysosomes for degradation via activation of the autophagy signaling pathway. In CML cell lines, primary cells and CD34+CD38− leukemia stem cells, Beclin1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell growth and proliferation and induced autophagy. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy induction via Beclin1 overexpression might offer new approaches for treating TKI-resistant CML and for promoting the clearance of leukemia stem cells, both of which have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Shou
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Huzhou City, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China.,Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
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Zhu HQ, Gao FH. Regulatory Molecules and Corresponding Processes of BCR-ABL Protein Degradation. J Cancer 2019; 10:2488-2500. [PMID: 31258755 PMCID: PMC6584333 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCR-ABL fusion protein with strong tyrosine kinase activity is one of the molecular biological bases of leukemia. Imatinib (Gleevec), a specific targeted drug for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), was developed for inhibiting the kinase activity of the BCR-ABL fusion protein. Despite the positive clinical efficacy of imatinib, the proportion of imatinib resistance has gradually increased. The main reason for the resistance is a decrease in sensitivity to imatinib caused by mutation or amplification of the BCR-ABL gene. In response to this phenomenon, the new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein was developed to solve the problem. However this strategy only selectively inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL protein without eliminating the BCR-ABL protein, it does not fundamentally cure the BCR-ABL-positive leukemia patients. With the accumulation of the knowledge of cellular molecular biology, it has become possible to specifically eliminate certain proteins by cellular proteases in a specific way. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy to induce the degradation of the BCR-ABL fusion protein is superior to the strategy of inhibiting its activity. The protein degradation strategy is also a solution to the TKI resistance caused by different BCR-ABL gene point mutations. In order to provide possible exploration directions and clues for eliminating the BCR-ABL fusion protein in tumor cells, we summarize the significant molecules involved in the degradation pathway of the BCR-ABL protein, as well as the reported potent compounds that can target the BCR-ABL protein for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng-Hou Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
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19
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Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by BCRABL1 in a cell with the biological potential, intrinsic or acquired, to cause leukemia. This cell is commonly termed the CML leukemia stem cell (LSC). In humans a CML LSC is operationally-defined by ≥1 in vitro or in vivo assays of human leukemia cells transferred to immune-deficient mice. Results of these assays are sometimes discordant. There is also the unproved assumption that biological features of a CML LSC are stable. These considerations make accurate and precise identification of a CML LSC difficult or impossible. In this review, we consider biological features of CML LSCs defined by these assays. We also consider whether CML LSCs are susceptible to targeting by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and other drugs, and whether elimination of CML LSCs is needed to achieve therapy-free remission or cure CML.
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20
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Autophagy as a molecular target for cancer treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 134:116-137. [PMID: 30981885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic mechanism, by which eukaryotic cells recycle or degrades internal constituents through membrane-trafficking pathway. Thus, autophagy provides the cells with a sustainable source of biomolecules and energy for the maintenance of homeostasis under stressful conditions such as tumor microenvironment. Recent findings revealed a close relationship between autophagy and malignant transformation. However, due to the complex dual role of autophagy in tumor survival or cell death, efforts to develop efficient treatment strategies targeting the autophagy/cancer relation have largely been unsuccessful. Here we review the two-faced role of autophagy in cancer as a tumor suppressor or as a pro-oncogenic mechanism. In this sense, we also review the shared regulatory pathways that play a role in autophagy and malignant transformation. Finally, anti-cancer therapeutic agents used as either inhibitors or inducers of autophagy have been discussed.
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21
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Therapeutic Modulation of Autophagy in Leukaemia and Lymphoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020103. [PMID: 30704144 PMCID: PMC6406467 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is a tightly orchestrated process where a pool of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high self-renewal potential can give rise to both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The HSPCs pool is reduced with ageing resulting in few HSPC clones maintaining haematopoiesis thereby reducing blood cell diversity, a phenomenon called clonal haematopoiesis. Clonal expansion of HSPCs carrying specific genetic mutations leads to increased risk for haematological malignancies. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that hematopoietic tumours develop in higher frequency in elderly people. Unfortunately, elderly patients with leukaemia or lymphoma still have an unsatisfactory prognosis compared to younger ones highlighting the need to develop more efficient therapies for this group of patients. Growing evidence indicates that macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is essential for health and longevity. This review is focusing on the role of autophagy in normal haematopoiesis as well as in leukaemia and lymphoma development. Attenuated autophagy may support early hematopoietic neoplasia whereas activation of autophagy in later stages of tumour development and in response to a variety of therapies rather triggers a pro-tumoral response. Novel insights into the role of autophagy in haematopoiesis will be discussed in light of designing new autophagy modulating therapies in hematopoietic cancers.
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A modified DAW-22 compound F-B1 inhibits Bcr/Abl and induces apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 30:159-166. [PMID: 30422832 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Bcr/Abl kinase is an oncogenic fusion protein that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Some small-molecule kinase inhibitors such as imatinib were developed in the treatment of CML; however, resistant to imatinib is an emerging problem of CML therapy. Hence, additional approaches or compounds targeting leukemogenic cells are required. F-B1 is a new compound obtained by modifying DAW-22, a natural sesquiterpenoid coumarin, which was isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Ferula ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov. F-B1 was found to inhibit the growth of myelogenous leukemia cell lines, that is, K562 cells bearing wild-type Bcr/Abl and imatinib-resistant K562G cells. F-B1 potently down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Bcr/Abl, followed by suppression of the downstream molecules such as Akt, externally regulated kinases, and nuclear factor κB. In addition, F-B1 also induced cell apoptosis by impairing the balance between proapoptotic protein Bax and antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and increased the activity of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in nude mouse xenografts. Experimental validation results together demonstrated that F-B1 can inhibit Bcr/Abl fusion proteins in K562 and K562G cells, implying that F-B1 might be a promising drug to treat CML, especially the imatinib-resistant CML.
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microRNA-199a/b-5p enhance imatinib efficacy via repressing WNT2 signaling-mediated protective autophagy in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 291:144-151. [PMID: 29890129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib (IM) is a first-line therapeutic drug for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a hematological disease. Mutations in the BCR-ABL domain increase formation of IM resistance in CML. However, not all patients are BCR-ABL domain-mutant dependent. Investigating non-mutant mechanisms in the development of acquired IM resistance is a critical issue. We explored the mechanisms which influence IM efficacy and resistance in CML. Higher protective autophagy was identified in IM-resistant K562 (K562R) cells. Inhibition of autophagy by the inhibitors, chloroquine and 3-methyladenine, enhanced IM's efficacy in K562R cells. In addition, microRNA (miR)-199a/b-5p were downregulated in K562R cells compared to parent cells. Overexpression of miR-199a/b-5p reduced autophagy and induced cell apoptosis, resulting in enhanced IM's efficacy in K562R cells. Moreover, expression levels of the Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 2 (WNT2), a positive regulator of autophagy, were significantly higher in K562R cells, and it was validated as a direct target gene of miR-199a/b-5p. Overexpressions of miR-199a/b-5p inhibited WNT2 downstream signaling. Furthermore, overexpression and knockdown of WNT2 influenced autophagy formation and CML drug sensitivity to IM. Overexpression of WNT2 could also reverse miR-199a/b-5p-enhanced IM efficacy in K562R cells. These results emphasized that miR-199a/b-5p inhibited autophagy via repressing WNT2 signaling and might provide novel therapeutic strategies for future IM-resistant CML therapy and drug development.
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24
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Russo M, Russo GL. Autophagy inducers in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:51-61. [PMID: 29438677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex, physiological process devoted to degrade and recycle cellular components. Proteins and organelles are first phagocytized by autophagosomes, then digested in lysosomes, and finally recycled to be utilized again during cellular metabolism. Moreover, autophagy holds an important role in the physiopathology of several diseases. In cancer, excellent works demonstrated the dual functions of autophagy in tumour biology: autophagy activation can promote cancer cells survival (protective autophagy), or contribute to cancer cell death (cytotoxic/nonprotective autophagy). A better understanding of the dichotomy roles of autophagy in cancer biology can help to identify or design new drugs able to induce/enhance (or block) autophagic flux. These features will necessary be tissue-dependent and confined to a specific time of treatment. The intent of this review is to focus on the different potentialities of autophagy inducers in cancer prevention versus therapy in order to elicit a desirable clinical response. Few promising synthetic and natural compounds have been identified and the pros and cons of their role in autophagy regulation is reviewed here. In the complex framework of autophagy modulation, "connecting the dots" is not a simple work and the lack of clinical studies further complicates the scenario, but the final goal to obtain clinically relevant autophagy inducers can reveal an unexpected landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
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25
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Liu T, Zhang Z, Yu C, Zeng C, Xu X, Wu G, Huang Z, Li W. Tetrandrine antagonizes acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia growth by forcing autophagy-mediated differentiation. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4308-4328. [PMID: 28901537 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The poor prognosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMKL) means there is a need to develop novel therapeutic methods to treat this condition. It was recently shown that inducing megakaryoblasts to undergo terminal differentiation is effective as a treatment for AMKL. This encouraged us to identify a compound that induces megakaryocyte differentiation, which could then act as a potent anti-leukaemia agent. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of tetrandrine on the expression of CD41 and cell morphology were investigated in AMKL cells. We used CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system to knock out ATG7 and verify the role of autophagy in tetrandrine-induced megakaryocyte differentiation. shNotch1 and CA-Akt were transfected into K562 cells to examine the downstream pathways of ROS signalling and the mechanistic basis of the tetrandrine-induced megakaryocyte differentiation. The anti-leukaemia effects of tetrandrine were analysed both in vitro and in vivo. KEY RESULTS A low dose of tetrandrine induced cell cycle arrest and megakaryocyte differentiation in AMKL cells via activation of autophagy. Molecularly, we demonstrated that this effect is mediated by activation of Notch1 and Akt and subsequent accumulation of ROS. In contrast, in normal mouse fetal liver cells, although tetrandrine induced autophagy, it did not affect cell proliferation or promote megakaryocyte differentiation, suggesting a specific effect of tetrandrine in malignant megakaryoblasts. Finally, tetrandrine also showed in vivo efficacy in an AMKL xenograft mouse model. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Modulating autophagy-mediated differentiation may be a novel strategy for treating AMKL, and tetrandrine has the potential to be developed as a differentiation-inducing agent for AMKL chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunjie Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guixian Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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26
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MicroRNA-140-5p regulates osteosarcoma chemoresistance by targeting HMGN5 and autophagy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:416. [PMID: 28341864 PMCID: PMC5428500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an important treatment modality for osteosarcoma. However, it often fails because of chemoresistance, especially multidrug resistance. Previously, we found several genes were involved in chemoresistance development. In this report, we used high-throughput microRNA (miRNA) expression analysis to reveal that expression of miR-140-5p was associated with chemosensitivity in osteosarcoma. The exact roles of miR-140-5p in the chemoresistance of osteosarcoma were then investigated, we found that knockdown of miR-140-5p enhanced osteosarcoma cells resistance to multiple chemotherapeutics while overexpression of miR-140-5p sensitized tumors to chemotherapy in vitro. Moreover, in vivo, knockdown of miR-140-5p also increased the osteosarcoma cells resistance to chemotherapy. Luciferase assay and Western blot analysis showed that HMGN5 was the direct target of miR-140-5p which could positively regulated autophagy. Silencing these target genes by siRNA or inhibition of autophagy sensitized osteosarcoma cells to chemotherapy. These findings suggest that a miR-140-5p/HMGN5/autophagy regulatory loop plays a critical role in chemoresistance in osteosarcoma. In conclusion, our data elucidated that miR-140-5p promoted autophagy mediated by HMGN5 and sensitized osteosarcoma cells to chemotherapy. These results suggest a potential application of miR-140-5p in overall survival, chemoresistance prognosis and treatment.
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27
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Autophagy, a key mechanism of oncogenesis and resistance in leukemia. Blood 2016; 129:547-552. [PMID: 27956388 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-07-692707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal pathway involved in degradation of intracellular material. It appears as an adaptation mechanism that is essential for cellular homeostasis in response to various stress conditions. Over the past decade, many studies have linked alteration of autophagy with cancer initiation and progression, autoimmune, inflammatory, metabolic, and degenerative diseases. This review highlights recent findings on the impact of autophagy on leukemic transformation of normal hematopoietic stem cells and summarizes its role on leukemic cell response to chemotherapy.
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28
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Shi D, Liu Y, Xi R, Zou W, Wu L, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Qu C, Xu B, Wang X. Caveolin-1 contributes to realgar nanoparticle therapy in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5823-5835. [PMID: 27853367 PMCID: PMC5106223 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s115158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by the t(9;22) (q34;q11)-associated Bcr-Abl fusion gene, which is an essential element of clinical diagnosis. As a traditional Chinese medicine, realgar has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases for >1,500 years. Inspired by nano-drug, realgar nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared with an average particle size of <100 nm in a previous work. Compared with coarse realgar, the realgar NPs have higher bioavailability. As a principal constituent protein of caveolae, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) participates in regulating various cellular physiological and pathological processes including tumorigenesis and tumor development. In previous studies, it was found that realgar NPs can inhibit several types of tumor cell proliferation. However, the therapeutic effect of realgar NPs on CML has not been fully elucidated. In the present paper, it was demonstrated that realgar NPs can inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells and degrade Bcr-Abl fusion protein effectively. Both apoptosis and autophagy were activated in a dose-dependent manner in realgar NPs treated cells, and the induction of autophagy was associated with class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Morphological analysis indicated that realgar NPs induced differentiation effectively in CML cells. Furthermore, it was identified that Cav-1 might play a crucial role in realgar NP therapy. In order to study the effects of Cav-1 on K562 cells during realgar NP treatment, a Cav-1 overexpression cell model was established by using transient transfection. The results indicated that Cav-1 overexpression inhibited K562 cell proliferation, promoted endogenic autophagy, and increased the sensitivity of K562 cells to realgar NPs. Therefore, the results demonstrated that realgar NPs degraded Bcr-Abl oncoprotein, while the underlying mechanism might be related to apoptosis and autophagy, and Cav-1 might be considered as a potential target for clinical comprehensive therapy of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The 210th Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The 210th Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Ronggang Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, The 210th Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Wei Zou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiran Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 210th Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Zhongyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The 210th Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The 210th Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Baoli Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The 210th Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 210th Hospital of People's Liberation Army
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29
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Colecchia D, Rossi M, Sasdelli F, Sanzone S, Strambi A, Chiariello M. MAPK15 mediates BCR-ABL1-induced autophagy and regulates oncogene-dependent cell proliferation and tumor formation. Autophagy 2016; 11:1790-802. [PMID: 26291129 PMCID: PMC4824572 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1084454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A reciprocal translocation of the ABL1 gene to the BCR gene results in the expression of the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 fusion protein, which characterizes human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a myeloproliferative disorder considered invariably fatal until the introduction of the imatinib family of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Nonetheless, insensitivity of CML stem cells to TKI treatment and intrinsic or acquired resistance are still frequent causes for disease persistence and blastic phase progression experienced in patients after initial successful therapies. Here, we investigated a possible role for the MAPK15/ERK8 kinase in BCR-ABL1-dependent autophagy, a key process for oncogene-induced leukemogenesis. In this context, we showed the ability of MAPK15 to physically recruit the oncogene to autophagic vesicles, confirming our hypothesis of a biologically relevant role for this MAP kinase in signal transduction by this oncogene. Indeed, by modeling BCR-ABL1 signaling in HeLa cells and taking advantage of a physiologically relevant model for human CML, i.e. K562 cells, we demonstrated that BCR-ABL1-induced autophagy is mediated by MAPK15 through its ability to interact with LC3-family proteins, in a LIR-dependent manner. Interestingly, we were also able to interfere with BCR-ABL1-induced autophagy by a pharmacological approach aimed at inhibiting MAPK15, opening the possibility of acting on this kinase to affect autophagy and diseases depending on this cellular function. Indeed, to support the feasibility of this approach, we demonstrated that depletion of endogenous MAPK15 expression inhibited BCR-ABL1-dependent cell proliferation, in vitro, and tumor formation, in vivo, therefore providing a novel "druggable" link between BCR-ABL1 and human CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Colecchia
- a Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory; Signal Transduction Unit, AOU Senese ; Siena Italy.,b Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica; Sede di Siena, CNR ; Siena , Italy
| | - Matteo Rossi
- a Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory; Signal Transduction Unit, AOU Senese ; Siena Italy
| | - Federica Sasdelli
- a Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory; Signal Transduction Unit, AOU Senese ; Siena Italy.,b Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica; Sede di Siena, CNR ; Siena , Italy
| | - Sveva Sanzone
- a Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory; Signal Transduction Unit, AOU Senese ; Siena Italy
| | - Angela Strambi
- a Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory; Signal Transduction Unit, AOU Senese ; Siena Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- a Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory; Signal Transduction Unit, AOU Senese ; Siena Italy.,b Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica; Sede di Siena, CNR ; Siena , Italy
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30
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Atg5-dependent autophagy contributes to the development of acute myeloid leukemia in an MLL-AF9-driven mouse model. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2361. [PMID: 27607576 PMCID: PMC5059867 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hierarchical hematopoietic malignancy originating from leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is hypothesized to be important for the maintenance of AML as well as contribute to chemotherapy response. Here we employ a mouse model of AML expressing the fusion oncogene MLL-AF9 and explore the effects of Atg5 deletion, a key autophagy protein, on the malignant transformation and progression of AML. Consistent with a transient decrease in colony-forming potential in vitro, the in vivo deletion of Atg5 in MLL-AF9-transduced bone marrow cells during primary transplantation prolonged the survival of recipient mice, suggesting that autophagy has a role in MLL-AF9-driven leukemia initiation. In contrast, deletion of Atg5 in malignant AML cells during secondary transplantation did not influence the survival or chemotherapeutic response of leukemic mice. Interestingly, autophagy was found to be involved in the survival of differentiated myeloid cells originating from MLL-AF9-driven LSCs. Taken together, our data suggest that Atg5-dependent autophagy may contribute to the development but not chemotherapy sensitivity of murine AML induced by MLL-AF9.
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31
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Mahon RN, Hafner R. Immune Cell Regulatory Pathways Unexplored as Host-Directed Therapeutic Targets for Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Opportunity to Apply Precision Medicine Innovations to Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 61Suppl 3:S200-16. [PMID: 26409283 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of novel antimicrobial drugs in development for tuberculosis treatment has provided an impetus for the discovery of adjunctive host-directed therapies (HDTs). Several promising HDT candidates are being evaluated, but major advancement of tuberculosis HDTs will require understanding of the master or "core" cell signaling pathways that control intersecting immunologic and metabolic regulatory mechanisms, collectively described as "immunometabolism." Core regulatory pathways conserved in all eukaryotic cells include poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), sirtuins, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Critical interactions of these signaling pathways with each other and their roles as master regulators of immunometabolic functions will be addressed, as well as how Mycobacterium tuberculosis is already known to influence various other cell signaling pathways interacting with them. Knowledge of these essential mechanisms of cell function regulation has led to breakthrough targeted treatment advances for many diseases, most prominently in oncology. Leveraging these exciting advances in precision medicine for the development of innovative next-generation HDTs may lead to entirely new paradigms for treatment and prevention of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Mahon
- Division of AIDS-Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Contractor to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Richard Hafner
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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32
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Karvela M, Baquero P, Kuntz EM, Mukhopadhyay A, Mitchell R, Allan EK, Chan E, Kranc KR, Calabretta B, Salomoni P, Gottlieb E, Holyoake TL, Helgason GV. ATG7 regulates energy metabolism, differentiation and survival of Philadelphia-chromosome-positive cells. Autophagy 2016; 12:936-48. [PMID: 27168493 PMCID: PMC4922442 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1162359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A major drawback of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is that primitive CML cells are able to survive TKI-mediated BCR-ABL inhibition, leading to disease persistence in patients. Investigation of strategies aiming to inhibit alternative survival pathways in CML is therefore critical. We have previously shown that a nonspecific pharmacological inhibition of autophagy potentiates TKI-induced death in Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells. Here we provide further understanding of how specific and pharmacological autophagy inhibition affects nonmitochondrial and mitochondrial energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated differentiation of CML cells and highlight ATG7 (a critical component of the LC3 conjugation system) as a potential specific therapeutic target. By combining extra- and intracellular steady state metabolite measurements by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with metabolic flux assays using labeled glucose and functional assays, we demonstrate that knockdown of ATG7 results in decreased glycolysis and increased flux of labeled carbons through the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle. This leads to increased oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Furthermore, following ROS accumulation, CML cells, including primary CML CD34(+) progenitor cells, differentiate toward the erythroid lineage. Finally, ATG7 knockdown sensitizes CML progenitor cells to TKI-induced death, without affecting survival of normal cells, suggesting that specific inhibitors of ATG7 in combination with TKI would provide a novel therapeutic approach for CML patients exhibiting persistent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karvela
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Center, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pablo Baquero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Center, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Elodie M. Kuntz
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Arunima Mukhopadhyay
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Center, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rebecca Mitchell
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Center, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Elaine K. Allan
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Edmond Chan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kamil R. Kranc
- Medical Research Council Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bruno Calabretta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tessa L. Holyoake
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Center, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - G. Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Center, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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Duncan MT, DeLuca TA, Kuo HY, Yi M, Mrksich M, Miller WM. SIRT1 is a critical regulator of K562 cell growth, survival, and differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2016; 344:40-52. [PMID: 27086164 PMCID: PMC4879089 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACi) has emerged as a promising approach in the treatment of many types of cancer, including leukemias. Among the HDACs, Class III HDACs, also known as sirtuins (SIRTs), are unique in that their function is directly related to the cell's metabolic state through their dependency on the co-factor NAD(+). In this study, we examined the relation between SIRTs and the growth, survival, and differentiation of K562 erythroleukemia cells. Using a mass spectrometry approach we previously developed, we show that SIRT expression and deacetylase activity in these cells changes greatly with differentiation state (undifferentiated vs. megakaryocytic differentiation vs. erythroid differentiation). Moreover, SIRT1 is crucially involved in regulating the differentiation state. Overexpression of wildtype (but not deacetylase mutant) SIRT1 resulted in upregulation of glycophorin A, ~2-fold increase in the mRNA levels of α, γ, ε, and ζ-globins, and spontaneous hemoglobinization. Hemin-induced differentiation was also enhanced by (and depended on) higher SIRT1 levels. Since K562 cells are bipotent, we also investigated whether SIRT1 modulation affected their ability to undergo megakaryocytic (MK) differentiation. SIRT1 was required for commitment to the MK lineage and subsequent maturation, but was not directly involved in polyploidization of either K562 cells or an already-MK-committed cell line, CHRF-288-11. The observed blockage in commitment to the MK lineage was associated with a dramatic decrease in the formation of autophagic vacuoles, which was previously shown to be required for K562 cell MK commitment. Autophagy-associated conversion of the protein LC3-I to LC3-II was greatly enhanced by overexpression of wildtype SIRT1, further suggesting a functional connection between SIRT1, autophagy, and MK differentiation. Based on its clear effects on autophagy, we also examined the effect of SIRT1 modulation on stress responses. Consistent with results of prior studies, we found that SIRT1 silencing modestly promoted drug-induced apoptosis, while overexpression was protective. Furthermore, pan-SIRT inhibition mediated by nicotinamide pre-treatment substantially increased imatinib-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our results suggest a complex role for SIRT1 in regulating many aspects of K562 cell state and stress response. These observations warrant further investigation using normal and leukemic primary cell models. We further suggest that, ultimately, a well-defined mapping of HDACs to their substrates and corresponding signaling pathways will be important for optimally designing HDACi-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hsin-Yu Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology
| | - Minchang Yi
- Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - William M Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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He W, Ye X, Huang X, Lel W, You L, Wang L, Chen X, Qian W. Hsp90 inhibitor, BIIB021, induces apoptosis and autophagy by regulating mTOR-Ulk1 pathway in imatinib-sensitive and -resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1710-20. [PMID: 26892093 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of drug resistance due to BCR-ABL point mutations and the persistence of leukemia initiating cells has become a major obstacle for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The BCR-ABL protein is an important client protein of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). BIIB021, an orally available Hsp90 inhibitor, has activity against various cancer cells. However, little is known about the inhibitory effect of BIIB021 on CML cells. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of BIIB021 on K562, K562/G (an imatinib-resistant cell lines), as well as 32D mouse leukemic cells expressing wild-type BCR-ABL (b3a2, 32Dp210) and T315I mutant BCR-ABL (32Dp210-T315I) cells. Our data showed that BIIB021 induced significant growth inhibition and apoptosis that was predominantly mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. BIIB021 also resulted in proteasomal degradation of BCR-ABL proteins. In addition to induction of apoptosis, we report for the first time that BIIB021 induced autophagic response as evidenced by the formation of autophagosome, increased conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II, decreased p62 (SQSTM1) protein levels. Further study suggested that Akt-mTOR-Ulk1 signaling pathway was involved in BIIB021-triggered autophagy. Moreover, blocking autophagy using pharmacological inhibitor 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1 significantly enhanced cell death and apoptosis induced by BIIB021, indicating the cytoprotective role of autophagy in BIIB021-treated CML cells. Collectively, these data provide possible molecular mechanisms for the antileukemic effect of BIIB021 on imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML cells and provide new insights into the future application of BIIB021 in the clinical treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xianbo Huang
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wen Lel
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Liangshun You
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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35
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Orfali N, O'Donovan TR, Nyhan MJ, Britschgi A, Tschan MP, Cahill MR, Mongan NP, Gudas LJ, McKenna SL. Induction of autophagy is a key component of all-trans-retinoic acid-induced differentiation in leukemia cells and a potential target for pharmacologic modulation. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:781-93.e2. [PMID: 25986473 PMCID: PMC4948855 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of immature blood cell precursors in the bone marrow. Pharmacologically overcoming the differentiation block in this condition is an attractive therapeutic avenue, which has achieved success only in a subtype of AML, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Attempts to emulate this success in other AML subtypes have thus far been unsuccessful. Autophagy is a conserved protein degradation pathway with important roles in mammalian cell differentiation, particularly within the hematopoietic system. In the study described here, we investigated the functional importance of autophagy in APL cell differentiation. We found that autophagy is increased during all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced granulocytic differentiation of the APL cell line NB4 and that this is associated with increased expression of LC3II and GATE-16 proteins involved in autophagosome formation. Autophagy inhibition, using either drugs (chloroquine/3-methyladenine) or short-hairpin RNA targeting the essential autophagy gene ATG7, attenuates myeloid differentiation. Importantly, we found that enhancing autophagy promotes ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation of an ATRA-resistant derivative of the non-APL AML HL60 cell line (HL60-Diff-R). These data support the development of strategies to stimulate autophagy as a novel approach to promote differentiation in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenine/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7
- Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Chloroquine/pharmacology
- Granulocytes/metabolism
- Granulocytes/pathology
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Orfali
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Leslie C. Quick, Jr., Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Hematology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tracey R O'Donovan
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Leslie C. Quick, Jr., Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michelle J Nyhan
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Leslie C. Quick, Jr., Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Adrian Britschgi
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario P Tschan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mary R Cahill
- Department of Hematology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sharon L McKenna
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Leslie C. Quick, Jr., Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Micellar carriers for the delivery of multiple therapeutic agents. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:291-308. [PMID: 26263217 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multi-drug therapy is described as a simultaneous or sequential administration of two or more drugs with similar or different mechanisms of action and is recognized as a more efficient solution to combat successfully, various ailments. Polymeric micelles (PMs) are self-assemblies of block copolymers providing numerous opportunities for drug delivery. To date various micellar formulations were studied for delivery of drugs, nutraceuticals and genes; a few of them are in clinical trials. It was observed that there is an immense need for the development of PMs embedding multiple therapeutic agents to combat various ailments, including cancers, HIV/AIDS, malaria, multiple sclerosis, hypertension, infectious diseases, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, immune disorders and many psychiatric disorders. Several combinations of drug-drug, drug-nutraceutical, drug-gene and drug-siRNA explored to date are detailed in this review, with a special emphasis on their potential and future perspectives. A summary of various preparation methods, characterization techniques and applications of PMs are also provided. This review presents a holistic approach on multi-drug delivery using micellar carriers and emphasizes on the development of therapeutic hybrids embedding novel combinations for safer and effective therapy.
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Cojoc M, Mäbert K, Muders MH, Dubrovska A. A role for cancer stem cells in therapy resistance: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 31:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
The global prevalence of metabolic disorders is an immediate threat to human health. Genetic features, environmental aspects and lifestyle changes are the major risk factors determining metabolic dysfunction in the body. Autophagy is a housekeeping stress-induced lysosomal degradation pathway, which recycles macromolecules and metabolites for new protein synthesis and energy production and regulates cellular homeostasis by clearance of damaged protein or organelles. Recently, a dramatically increasing number of literatures has shown that defects of the autophagic machinery is associated with dysfunction of multiple metabolic tissues including pancreatic β cells, liver, adipose tissue and muscle, and is implicated in metabolic disorders such as obesity and insulin resistance. Here in this review, we summarize the representative works on these topics and discuss the versatile roles of autophagy in the regulation of cellular metabolism and its possible implication in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altea Rocchi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Congcong He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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39
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Ojha R, Bhattacharyya S, Singh SK. Autophagy in Cancer Stem Cells: A Potential Link Between Chemoresistance, Recurrence, and Metastasis. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:97-108. [PMID: 26309786 PMCID: PMC4497670 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells require an uninterrupted nutritional supply for maintaining their proliferative needs and this high demand in concurrence with inadequate supply of blood and nutrition induces stress in these cells. These cells utilize various strategies like high glycolytic flux, redox signaling, and modulation of autophagy to avoid cell death and overcome nutritional deficiency. Autophagy allows the cell to generate ATP and other essential biochemical building blocks necessary under such adverse conditions. It is emerging as a decisive process in the development and progression of pathophysiological conditions that are associated with increased cancer risk. However, the precise role of autophagy in tumorigenesis is still debatable. Autophagy is a novel cytoprotective process to augment tumor cell survival under nutrient or growth factor starvation, metabolic stress, and hypoxia. The tumor hypoxic environment may provide site for the enrichment/expansion of the cancer stem cells (CSCs) and successive rapid tumor progression. CSCs are characteristically resistant to conventional anticancer therapy, which may contribute to treatment failure and tumor relapse. CSCs have the potential to regenerate for an indefinite period, which can impel tumor metastatic invasion. From last decade, preclinical research has focused on the diversity in CSC content within tumors that could affect their chemo- or radio-sensitivity by impeding with mechanisms of DNA repair and cell cycle progression. The aim of this review is predominantly directed on the recent developments in the CSCs during cancer treatment, role of autophagy in maintenance of CSC populations and their implications in the development of promising new cancer treatment options in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Ojha
- Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
- Address correspondence to: Shalmoli Bhattacharyya, PhD, Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India, E-mail:
| | - Shrawan K. Singh
- Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
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40
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Niu YN, Liu QQ, Zhang SP, Yuan N, Cao Y, Cai JY, Lin WW, Xu F, Wang ZJ, Chen B, Wang JR. Alternative messenger RNA splicing of autophagic gene Beclin 1 in human B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2153-8. [PMID: 24716949 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Beclin 1 is a key factor for initiation and regulation of autophagy, which is a cellular catabolic process involved in tumorigenesis. To investigate the role of alternative splicing of Beclin1 in the regulation of autophagy in leukemia cells, Beclin1 mRNA from 6 different types of cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 2 healthy volunteers was reversely transcribed, subcloned, and screened for alternative splicing. New transcript variants were analyzed by DNA sequencing. A transcript variant of Beclin 1 gene carrying a deletion of exon 11, which encoded a C-terminal truncation of Beclin 1 isoform, was found. The alternative isoform was assessed by bioinformatics, immunoblotting and subcellular localization. The results showed that this variable transcript is generated by alternative 3' splicing, and its translational product displayed a reduced activity in induction of autophagy by starvation, indicating that the spliced isoform might function as a dominant negative modulator of autophagy. Our findings suggest that the alternative splicing of Beclin 1 might play important roles in leukemogenesis regulated by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Niu
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Affiliated Changshu Hospital, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China E-mail : ,
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41
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A calpain-cleaved fragment of β-catenin promotes BCRABL1+ cell survival evoked by autophagy induction in response to imatinib. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1690-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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42
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Orfali N, McKenna SL, Cahill MR, Gudas LJ, Mongan NP. Retinoid receptor signaling and autophagy in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Exp Cell Res 2014; 324:1-12. [PMID: 24694321 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids are a family of signaling molecules derived from vitamin A with well established roles in cellular differentiation. Physiologically active retinoids mediate transcriptional effects on cells through interactions with retinoic acid (RARs) and retinoid-X (RXR) receptors. Chromosomal translocations involving the RARα gene, which lead to impaired retinoid signaling, are implicated in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), alone and in combination with arsenic trioxide (ATO), restores differentiation in APL cells and promotes degradation of the abnormal oncogenic fusion protein through several proteolytic mechanisms. RARα fusion-protein elimination is emerging as critical to obtaining sustained remission and long-term cure in APL. Autophagy is a degradative cellular pathway involved in protein turnover. Both ATRA and ATO also induce autophagy in APL cells. Enhancing autophagy may therefore be of therapeutic benefit in resistant APL and could broaden the application of differentiation therapy to other cancers. Here we discuss retinoid signaling in hematopoiesis, leukemogenesis, and APL treatment. We highlight autophagy as a potential important regulator in anti-leukemic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Orfali
- Cork Cancer Research Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sharon L McKenna
- Cork Cancer Research Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary R Cahill
- Department of Hematology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA..
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA..
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Shao S, Li S, Qin Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Bai H, Zhou L, Zhao C, Wang C. Spautin-1, a novel autophagy inhibitor, enhances imatinib-induced apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1661-8. [PMID: 24585095 PMCID: PMC6904104 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (IM), a targeted competitive inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, has revolutionized the clinical treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, resistance and intolerance are still a challenge in the treatment of CML. Autophagy has been proposed to play a role in IM resistance. To investigate the anti-leukemic activity of specific and potent autophagy inhibitor-1 (spautin-1) in CML, we detected its synergistic effect with IM in K562 and CML cells. Our results showed that spautin-1 markedly inhibited IM-induced autophagy in CML cells by downregulating Beclin-1. Spautin-1 enhanced IM-induced CML cell apoptosis by reducing the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-2. We further demonstrated that the proapoptotic activity of spautin-1 was associated with activation of GSK3β, an important downstream effector of PI3K/AKT. The findings indicate that the autophagy inhibitor spautin-1 enhances IM-induced apoptosis by inactivating PI3K/AKT and activating downstream GSK3β, leading to downregulation of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2, which represents a promising approach to improve the efficacy of IM in the treatment of patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Youwen Qin
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Bai
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Chuxian Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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44
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Targeting autophagy potentiates the apoptotic effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors in t(8;21) AML cells. Blood 2013; 122:2467-76. [PMID: 23970379 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-05-500629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of autophagy during leukemia treatment is unclear. On the one hand, autophagy might be induced as a prosurvival response to therapy, thereby reducing treatment efficiency. On the other hand, autophagy may contribute to degradation of fusion oncoproteins, as recently demonstrated for promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor α and breakpoint cluster region-abelson, thereby facilitating leukemia treatment. Here, we investigated these opposing roles of autophagy in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, which express the most frequently occurring AML fusion oncoprotein, AML1-eight-twenty-one (ETO). We demonstrate that autophagy is induced by AML1-ETO-targeting drugs, such as the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) valproic acid (VPA) and vorinostat. Furthermore, we show that autophagy does not mediate degradation of AML1-ETO but rather has a prosurvival role in AML cells, as inhibition of autophagy significantly reduced the viability and colony-forming ability of HDACi-treated AML cells. Combined treatment with HDACis and autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine (CQ) led to a massive accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins that correlated with increased cell death. Finally, we show that VPA induced autophagy in t(8;21) AML patient cells, and combined treatment with CQ enhanced cell death. Because VPA and CQ are well-tolerated drugs, combinatorial therapy with VPA and CQ could represent an attractive treatment option for AML1-ETO-positive leukemia.
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