1
|
Jantunen E, Turunen A, Varmavuo V, Partanen A. Impact of plerixafor use in the mobilization of blood grafts for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. Transfusion 2024; 64:742-750. [PMID: 38407504 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Plerixafor (PLER), a reversible antagonist of the CXC chemokine receptor type 4, has been in clinical use for mobilization of blood grafts for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) for about 15 years. Initially PLER was investigated in placebo-controlled trials with the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) filgrastim. It has also been used in combination with chemotherapy plus G-CSF in patients who had failed a previous mobilization attempt or appeared to mobilize poorly with current mobilization (preemptive use). This review summarizes what is known regarding addition of PLER to standard mobilization regimens. PLER increases mobilization of CD34+ cells, decreases the number of apheresis sessions needed to achieve collection targets and increases the proportion of patients who can proceed to AHCT. It appears also to increase the amount of various lymphocyte subsets in the grafts collected. In general, hematologic recovery after AHCT has been comparable to patients mobilized without PLER, although slower platelet recovery has been observed in some studies of patients who mobilize poorly. In phase III studies, long-term outcome has been comparable to patients mobilized without PLER. This also appears to be the case in patients receiving plerixafor for poor or suboptimal mobilization of CD34+ cells. In practice, PLER is safe and has not been shown to increase tumor cell mobilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esa Jantunen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Turunen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Varmavuo
- Department of Medicine, Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland
| | - Anu Partanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bishop RT, Miller AK, Froid M, Nerlakanti N, Li T, Frieling JS, Nasr MM, Nyman KJ, Sudalagunta PR, Canevarolo RR, Silva AS, Shain KH, Lynch CC, Basanta D. The bone ecosystem facilitates multiple myeloma relapse and the evolution of heterogeneous drug resistant disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2458. [PMID: 38503736 PMCID: PMC10951361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an osteolytic malignancy that is incurable due to the emergence of treatment resistant disease. Defining how, when and where myeloma cell intrinsic and extrinsic bone microenvironmental mechanisms cause relapse is challenging with current biological approaches. Here, we report a biology-driven spatiotemporal hybrid agent-based model of the MM-bone microenvironment. Results indicate MM intrinsic mechanisms drive the evolution of treatment resistant disease but that the protective effects of bone microenvironment mediated drug resistance (EMDR) significantly enhances the probability and heterogeneity of resistant clones arising under treatment. Further, the model predicts that targeting of EMDR deepens therapy response by eliminating sensitive clones proximal to stroma and bone, a finding supported by in vivo studies. Altogether, our model allows for the study of MM clonal evolution over time in the bone microenvironment and will be beneficial for optimizing treatment efficacy so as to significantly delay disease relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Bishop
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Anna K Miller
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Matthew Froid
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- The Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Niveditha Nerlakanti
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- The Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jeremy S Frieling
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mostafa M Nasr
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- The Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Karl J Nyman
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- The Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Praneeth R Sudalagunta
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Rafael R Canevarolo
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ariosto Siqueira Silva
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth H Shain
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - David Basanta
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du J, Lin Z, Fu XH, Gu XR, Lu G, Hou J. Research progress of the chemokine/chemokine receptor axes in the oncobiology of multiple myeloma (MM). Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:177. [PMID: 38475811 PMCID: PMC10935833 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM), a type of blood cancer affecting monoclonal plasma cells, is rising. Although new drugs and therapies have improved patient outcomes, MM remains incurable. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of the chemokine network in MM's pathological mechanism. Gaining a better understanding of this network and creating an overview of chemokines in MM could aid in identifying potential biomarkers and developing new therapeutic strategies and targets. PURPOSE To summarize the complicated role of chemokines in MM, discuss their potential as biomarkers, and introduce several treatments based on chemokines. METHODS Pubmed, Web of Science, ICTRP, and Clinical Trials were searched for articles and research related to chemokines. Publications published within the last 5 years are selected. RESULTS Malignant cells can utilize chemokines, including CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL7, CXCL8, CXCL12, and CXCL13 to evade apoptosis triggered by immune cells or medication, escape from bone marrow and escalate bone lesions. Other chemokines, including CXCL4, CCL19, and CXCL10, may aid in recruiting immune cells, increasing their cytotoxicity against cancer cells, and inducing apoptosis of malignant cells. CONCLUSION Utilizing anti-tumor chemokines or blocking pro-tumor chemokines may provide new therapeutic strategies for managing MM. Inspired by developed CXCR4 antagonists, including plerixafor, ulocuplumab, and motixafortide, more small molecular antagonists or antibodies for pro-tumor chemokine ligands and their receptors can be developed and used in clinical practice. Along with inhibiting pro-tumor chemokines, studies suggest combining chemokines with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy is promising and efficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xue-Hang Fu
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Gu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 257099, China.
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Manafi-Farid R, Mahini M, Mirshahvalad SA, Fallahi B, Fard-Esfahani A, Emami-Ardekani A, Eftekhari M, Mousavi SA, Beiki D. Diagnostic value of [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in malignant melanoma: a pilot study. Nucl Med Commun 2024; 45:221-228. [PMID: 38214076 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic value of [ 68 Ga] Ga-Pentixafor in malignant melanoma patients. METHODS In this prospective study, patients with histology-proven melanoma were included and underwent [ 18 F]fluoro-D-glucose ([ 18 F]FDG) and [ 68 Ga] Ga-Pentixafor PET/computed tomography (CT) within a week. Suspicious lesions were interpreted as benign vs. malignant, and the corresponding semi-quantitative PET/CT parameters were recorded and compared. RESULTS Twelve consecutive melanoma patients (mean age: 60 ± 6) were included. Two patients were referred for initial staging, two for detecting recurrence and eight for evaluating the extent of metastases. Overall, [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT showed 236 tumoral lesions, including two primary tumors, two recurrent lesions, 29 locoregional metastases and 203 distant metastases. In [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT, 101 tumoral lesions were detected, including two primary tumors, one recurrence, 16 locoregional metastases and 82 distant metastases. Notably, a documented brain metastasis was only visualized on [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT images. Compared with [ 18 F]FDG, [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT provided a 42% detection rate. Regarding semi-quantitative measures, the intensity of uptake and tumor-to-background ratios were significantly lower on [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT [average maximum standard uptake value (SUV max ) of 2.72 ± 1.33 vs. 11.41 ± 14.79; P value <0.001 and 1.17 ± 0.53 vs. 5.32 ± 7.34; P value <0.001, respectively]. CONCLUSION When comparing [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT with [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT, not only did [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT detect fewer lesions, but the intensity of uptake and the TBRs were also lower on [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT. Thus, our results may indicate a limited potential of this novel tracer in cutaneous melanoma patients compared to [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT. Given the lower TBRs, applying this radiotracer in radioligand therapies is also questionable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjan Mahini
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital
| | | | - Babak Fallahi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Seied Asadollah Mousavi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Beiki
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kegyes D, Gulei D, Drula R, Cenariu D, Tigu B, Dima D, Tanase A, Badelita S, Buzoianu AD, Ciurea S, Ghiaur G, Terpos E, Ciechanover A, Einsele H, Tomuleasa C. Proteasome inhibition in combination with immunotherapies: State-of-the-Art in multiple myeloma. Blood Rev 2023; 61:101100. [PMID: 37291017 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder accounting for around 1.8% of all neoplastic diseases. Nowadays, clinicians have a broad arsenal of drugs at their disposal for the treatment of MM, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, CAR T-cell therapies and antibody-drug conjugates. In this paper we briefly highlight essential clinical elements relating to proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, carfilzomib and ixazomib. Studies suggest that the early use of immunotherapy may improve outcomes significantly. Therefore, in our review we specifically focus on the combination therapy of proteasome inhibitors with novel immunotherapies and/or transplant. A high number of patients develop PI resistance. Thus, we also review new generation PIs, such as marizomib, oprozomib (ONX0912) and delanzomib (CEP-18770) and their combinations with immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kegyes
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Rares Drula
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Cenariu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Tigu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Tanase
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Badelita
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca-Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefan Ciurea
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine / Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bao S, Darvishi M, H Amin A, Al-Haideri MT, Patra I, Kashikova K, Ahmad I, Alsaikhan F, Al-Qaim ZH, Al-Gazally ME, Kiasari BA, Tavakoli-Far B, Sidikov AA, Mustafa YF, Akhavan-Sigari R. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) blockade in cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7945-7968. [PMID: 36905421 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily and is specific for CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12, also known as SDF-1), which makes CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. CXCR4 interacts with its ligand, triggering downstream signaling pathways that influence cell proliferation chemotaxis, migration, and gene expression. The interaction also regulates physiological processes, including hematopoiesis, organogenesis, and tissue repair. Multiple evidence revealed that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is implicated in several pathways involved in carcinogenesis and plays a key role in tumor growth, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Several CXCR4-targeting compounds have been discovered and used for preclinical and clinical cancer therapy, most of which have shown promising anti-tumor activity. In this review, we summarized the physiological signaling of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and described the role of this axis in tumor progression, and focused on the potential therapeutic options and strategies to block CXCR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Bao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medicinal Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali H Amin
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maysoon T Al-Haideri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Indrajit Patra
- An Independent Researcher, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Tavakoli-Far
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Akmal A Sidikov
- Rector, Ferghana Medical Institute of Public Health, Ferghana, Uzbekistan
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cambier S, Gouwy M, Proost P. The chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL12: molecular and functional properties, role in disease and efforts towards pharmacological intervention. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:217-251. [PMID: 36725964 PMCID: PMC9890491 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are an indispensable component of our immune system through the regulation of directional migration and activation of leukocytes. CXCL8 is the most potent human neutrophil-attracting chemokine and plays crucial roles in the response to infection and tissue injury. CXCL8 activity inherently depends on interaction with the human CXC chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR1, and glycosaminoglycans. Furthermore, (hetero)dimerization and tight regulation of transcription and translation, as well as post-translational modifications further fine-tune the spatial and temporal activity of CXCL8 in the context of inflammatory diseases and cancer. The CXCL8 interaction with receptors and glycosaminoglycans is therefore a promising target for therapy, as illustrated by multiple ongoing clinical trials. CXCL8-mediated neutrophil mobilization to blood is directly opposed by CXCL12, which retains leukocytes in bone marrow. CXCL12 is primarily a homeostatic chemokine that induces migration and activation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, endothelial cells, and several leukocytes through interaction with CXCR4, ACKR1, and ACKR3. Thereby, it is an essential player in the regulation of embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. However, CXCL12 can also exert inflammatory functions, as illustrated by its pivotal role in a growing list of pathologies and its synergy with CXCL8 and other chemokines to induce leukocyte chemotaxis. Here, we review the plethora of information on the CXCL8 structure, interaction with receptors and glycosaminoglycans, different levels of activity regulation, role in homeostasis and disease, and therapeutic prospects. Finally, we discuss recent research on CXCL12 biochemistry and biology and its role in pathology and pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seppe Cambier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eulberg D, Frömming A, Lapid K, Mangasarian A, Barak A. The prospect of tumor microenvironment-modulating therapeutical strategies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1070243. [PMID: 36568151 PMCID: PMC9772844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1070243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms promote tumor prosperity, which does not only depend on cell-autonomous, inherent abnormal characteristics of the malignant cells that facilitate rapid cell division and tumor expansion. The neoplastic tissue is embedded in a supportive and dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME) that nurtures and protects the malignant cells, maintaining and perpetuating malignant cell expansion. The TME consists of different elements, such as atypical vasculature, various innate and adaptive immune cells with immunosuppressive or pro-inflammatory properties, altered extracellular matrix (ECM), activated stromal cells, and a wide range of secreted/stroma-tethered bioactive molecules that contribute to malignancy, directly or indirectly. In this review, we describe the various TME components and provide examples of anti-cancer therapies and novel drugs under development that aim to target these components rather than the intrinsic processes within the malignant cells. Combinatory TME-modulating therapeutic strategies may be required to overcome the resistance to current treatment options and prevent tumor recurrence.
Collapse
|
9
|
Stuckel AJ, Khare T, Bissonnette M, Khare S. Aberrant regulation of CXCR4 in cancer via deviant microRNA-targeted interactions. Epigenetics 2022; 17:2318-2331. [PMID: 36047714 PMCID: PMC9665135 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2118947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is involved in many facets of cancer, including being a major player in establishing metastasis. This is in part due to the deregulation of CXCR4, which can be attributed to many genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, including aberrant microRNA-CXCR4 interaction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNA that primarily targets the 3' UTR of mRNA transcripts, which in turn suppresses mRNA and subsequent protein expression. In this review, we reported and characterized the many aberrant miRNA-CXCR4 interactions that occur throughout human cancers. In particular, we reported known target sequences located on the 3' UTR of CXCR4 transcripts that tumour suppressor miRNAs bind and therefore regulate expression by. From these aberrant interactions, we also documented affected downstream genes/pathways and whether a particular tumour suppressor miRNA was reported as a prognostic marker in its respected cancer type. In addition, a limited number of cancer-causing miRNAs coined 'oncomirs' were reported and described in relation to CXCR4 regulation. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying both tumour suppressor and oncomir deregulations concerning CXCR4 expression were also explored. Furthermore, the miR-146a-CXCR4 axis was delineated in oncoviral infected endothelial cells in the context of virus-causing cancers. Lastly, miRNA-driven therapies and CXCR4 antagonist drugs were discussed as potential future treatment options in reported cancers pertaining to deregulated miRNA-CXCR4 interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei J. Stuckel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65212, USA
| | - Tripti Khare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65212, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il60637, USA
| | - Sharad Khare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri65201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fang Z, Meng Q, Xu J, Wang W, Zhang B, Liu J, Liang C, Hua J, Zhao Y, Yu X, Shi S. Signaling pathways in cancer-associated fibroblasts: recent advances and future perspectives. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 43:3-41. [PMID: 36424360 PMCID: PMC9859735 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Well-known signaling pathways, including the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Hedgehog (Hh), Notch, Wnt, Hippo, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways, as well as transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), P53, Snail, and Twist, constitute complex regulatory networks in the TME to modulate the formation, activation, heterogeneity, metabolic characteristics and malignant phenotype of CAFs. Activated CAFs remodel the TME and influence the malignant biological processes of cancer cells by altering the transcriptional and secretory characteristics, and this modulation partially depends on the regulation of signaling cascades. The results of preclinical and clinical trials indicated that therapies targeting signaling pathways in CAFs demonstrated promising efficacy but were also accompanied by some failures (e.g., NCT01130142 and NCT01064622). Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the signaling cascades in CAFs might help us better understand the roles of CAFs and the TME in cancer progression and may facilitate the development of more efficient and safer stroma-targeted cancer therapies. Here, we review recent advances in studies of signaling pathways in CAFs and briefly discuss some future perspectives on CAF research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Fang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Targeting CXCR4 and CD47 Receptors: An Overview of New and Old Molecules for a Biological Personalized Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012499. [PMID: 36293358 PMCID: PMC9604048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological therapy, with its multifaceted applications, has revolutionized the treatment of tumors, mainly due to its ability to exclusively target cancer cells and reduce the adverse effects on normal tissues. This review focuses on the therapies targeting the CXCR4 and CD47 receptors. We surveyed the results of early clinical trials testing compounds classified as nonpeptides, small peptides, CXCR4 antagonists or specific antibodies whose activity reduces or completely blocks the intracellular signaling pathways and cell proliferation. We then examined antibodies and fusion proteins against CD47, the receptor that acts as a “do not eat me” signal to phagocytes escaping immune surveillance. Despite these molecules being tested in early clinical trials, some drawbacks are emerging that impair their use in practice. Finally, we examined the ImmunoGenic Surrender mechanism that involves crosstalk and co-internalization of CXCR4 and CD47 upon engagement of CXCR4 by ligands or other molecules. The favorable effect of such compounds is dual as CD47 surface reduction impact on the immune response adds to the block of CXCR4 proliferative potential. These results suggest that a combination of different therapeutic approaches has more beneficial effects on patients’ survival and may pave the way for new accomplishments in personalized anticancer therapy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hervás-Salcedo R, Martín-Antonio B. A Journey through the Inter-Cellular Interactions in the Bone Marrow in Multiple Myeloma: Implications for the Next Generation of Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3796. [PMID: 35954459 PMCID: PMC9367481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of a plethora of extracellular matrix, tumor and non-tumor cells that form a tumor microenvironment (TME) that nurtures the tumor cells and creates a favorable environment where tumor cells grow and proliferate. In multiple myeloma (MM), the TME is the bone marrow (BM). Non-tumor cells can belong either to the non-hematological compartment that secretes soluble mediators to create a favorable environment for MM cells to grow, or to the immune cell compartment that perform an anti-MM activity in healthy conditions. Indeed, marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) are associated with a good prognosis in MM patients and have served as the basis for developing different immunotherapy strategies. However, MM cells and other cells in the BM can polarize their phenotype and activity, creating an immunosuppressive environment where immune cells do not perform their cytotoxic activity properly, promoting tumor progression. Understanding cell-cell interactions in the BM and their impact on MM proliferation and the performance of tumor surveillance will help in designing efficient anti-MM therapies. Here, we take a journey through the BM, describing the interactions of MM cells with cells of the non-hematological and hematological compartment to highlight their impact on MM progression and the development of novel MM treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Martín-Antonio
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ju F, Atyah MM, Horstmann N, Gul S, Vago R, Bruns CJ, Zhao Y, Dong QZ, Ren N. Characteristics of the cancer stem cell niche and therapeutic strategies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:233. [PMID: 35659296 PMCID: PMC9166529 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct regions harboring cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified within the microenvironment of various tumors, and as in the case of their healthy counterparts, these anatomical regions are termed “niche.” Thus far, a large volume of studies have shown that CSC niches take part in the maintenance, regulation of renewal, differentiation and plasticity of CSCs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest findings regarding CSC niche morphology, physical terrain, main signaling pathways and interactions within them. The cellular and molecular components of CSCs also involve genetic and epigenetic modulations that mediate and support their maintenance, ultimately leading to cancer progression. It suggests that the crosstalk between CSCs and their niche plays an important role regarding therapy resistance and recurrence. In addition, we updated diverse therapeutic strategies in different cancers in basic research and clinical trials in this review. Understanding the complex heterogeneity of CSC niches is a necessary pre-requisite for designing superior therapeutic strategies to target CSC-specific factors and/or components of the CSC niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ju
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manar M Atyah
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Nellie Horstmann
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 22525, Hamburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Razi Vago
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, China.,Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, China. .,Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, 201199, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ailawadhi S, Parrondo RD, Moustafa MA, LaPlant BR, Alegria V, Chapin D, Roy V, Sher T, Paulus A, Chanan-Kahn AA. Ibrutinib, Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients with Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Phase I Trial Results. Hematol Oncol 2022; 40:695-703. [PMID: 35488778 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies that target novel pathways are urgently needed for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Ibrutinib is an oral covalent inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase, which is overexpressed in MM cells. This phase 1 dose-escalation study examined various doses of ibrutinib in combination with standard doses of lenalidomide (25mg) and dexamethasone (40mg) using a standard 3+3 design in RRMM patients. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ibrutinib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Patients (n=15) had received a median of 4 prior regimens, 53% were triple-class exposed, 33% were penta-exposed, and 54% were lenalidomide-refractory. The MTD of ibrutinib was 840mg (n=6) and only 1 dose-limiting toxicity (DLT); a grade 3 rash possibly related to ibrutinib was noted. The most common ≥grade 3 adverse events (AEs) were rash in 2 (13%), lymphopenia in 2(13%), leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia all occurring in 3 (20%) patients each. One patient achieved a partial response for an overall response rate of 7%. The clinical benefit rate was 80%. The median time to progression was 3.8 months. Ibrutinib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone appears to be a safe and well-tolerated regimen with reasonable efficacy in heavily pretreated RRMM patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sikander Ailawadhi
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Betsy R LaPlant
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Dustin Chapin
- Clinical Studies Unit, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Vivek Roy
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Taimur Sher
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Aneel Paulus
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Asher A Chanan-Kahn
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Serfling SE, Lapa C, Dreher N, Hartrampf PE, Rowe SP, Higuchi T, Schirbel A, Weich A, Hahner S, Fassnacht M, Buck AK, Werner RA. Impact of Tumor Burden on Normal Organ Distribution in Patients Imaged with CXCR4-Targeted [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:659-665. [PMID: 35312939 PMCID: PMC9296404 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
CXCR4-directed positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been used as a diagnostic tool in patients with solid tumors. We aimed to determine a potential correlation between tumor burden and radiotracer accumulation in normal organs.
Methods
Ninety patients with histologically proven solid cancers underwent CXCR4-targeted [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were placed in normal organs (heart, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and kidneys) and tumor lesions. Mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) for normal organs were determined. For CXCR4-positive tumor burden, maximum SUV (SUVmax), tumor volume (TV), and fractional tumor activity (FTA, defined as SUVmean x TV), were calculated. We used a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) to derive correlative indices between normal organ uptake and tumor burden.
Results
Median SUVmean in unaffected organs was 5.2 for the spleen (range, 2.44 – 10.55), 3.27 for the kidneys (range, 1.52 – 17.4), followed by bone marrow (1.76, range, 0.84 – 3.98), heart (1.66, range, 0.88 – 2.89), and liver (1.28, range, 0.73 – 2.45). No significant correlation between SUVmax in tumor lesions (ρ ≤ 0.189, P ≥ 0.07), TV (ρ ≥ -0.204, P ≥ 0.06) or FTA (ρ ≥ -0.142, P ≥ 0.18) with the investigated organs was found.
Conclusions
In patients with solid tumors imaged with [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT, no relevant tumor sink effect was noted. This observation may be of relevance for therapies with radioactive and non-radioactive CXCR4-directed drugs, as with increasing tumor burden, the dose to normal organs may remain unchanged.
Collapse
|
16
|
CXCL12/CXCR4 axis supports mitochondrial trafficking in tumor myeloma microenvironment. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:6. [PMID: 35064098 PMCID: PMC8782911 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) within the protective microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) promote tumor growth, confer chemoresistance and support metabolic needs of plasma cells (PCs) even transferring mitochondria. In this scenario, heterocellular communication and dysregulation of critical signaling axes are among the major contributors to progression and treatment failure. Here, we report that myeloma MSCs have decreased reliance on mitochondrial metabolism as compared to healthy MSCs and increased tendency to deliver mitochondria to MM cells, suggesting that this intercellular exchange between PCs and stromal cells can be consider part of MSC pro-tumorigenic phenotype. Interestingly, we also showed that PCs promoted expression of connexin 43 (CX43) in MSCs leading to CXCL12 activation and stimulation of its receptor CXCR4 on MM cells favoring protumor mitochondrial transfer. Consistently, we observed that selective inhibition of CXCR4 by plerixafor resulted in a significant reduction of mitochondria trafficking. Moreover, intracellular expression of CXCR4 in myeloma PCs from BM biopsy specimens demonstrated higher CXCR4 colocalization with CD138+ cells of non-responder patients to bortezomib compared with responder patients, suggesting that CXCR4 mediated chemoresistance in MM. Taken together, our data demonstrated that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis mediates intercellular coupling thus suggesting that the myeloma niche may be exploited as a target to improve and develop therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu N, Chen S, Luo Q, Jiang Z, Wang X, Li Y, Qiu J, Yu K, Yang Y, Zhuang J. Kruppel-like factor 2 acts as a tumor suppressor in human retinoblastoma. Exp Eye Res 2022; 216:108955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
18
|
Gilchrist A, Echeverria SL. Targeting Chemokine Receptor CCR1 as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Multiple Myeloma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:846310. [PMID: 35399952 PMCID: PMC8991687 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.846310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma B-cell malignancy with 5-year survival rates approximately 10-30% lower than other hematologic cancers. Treatment options include combination chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. However, not all patients are eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation, and current pharmacological agents are limited in their ability to reduce tumor burden and extend multiple myeloma remission times. The "chemokine network" is comprised of chemokines and their cognate receptors, and is a critical component of the normal bone microenvironment as well as the tumor microenvironment of multiple myeloma. Antagonists targeting chemokine-receptor 1 (CCR1) may provide a novel approach for treating multiple myeloma. In vitro CCR1 antagonists display a high degree of specificity, and in some cases signaling bias. In vivo studies have shown they can reduce tumor burden, minimize osteolytic bone damage, deter metastasis, and limit disease progression in multiple myeloma models. While multiple CCR1 antagonists have entered the drug pipeline, none have entered clinical trials for treatment of multiple myeloma. This review will discuss whether current CCR1 antagonists are a viable treatment option for multiple myeloma, and studies aimed at identifying which CCR1 antagonist(s) are most appropriate for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Gilchrist
- College of Pharmacy-Downers Grove, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Annette Gilchrist,
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhan D, Park CY. Stem Cells in the Myelodysplastic Syndromes. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:719010. [PMID: 35822030 PMCID: PMC9261372 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.719010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a group of clonal disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, resulting in peripheral cytopenias and frequent transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We and others have demonstrated that MDS arises in, and is propagated by malignant stem cells (MDS-SCs), that arise due to the sequential acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This review focuses on recent advancements in the cellular and molecular characterization of MDS-SCs, as well as their role in mediating MDS clinical outcomes. In addition to discussing the cell surface proteins aberrantly upregulated on MDS-SCs that have allowed the identification and prospective isolation of MDS-SCs, we will discuss the recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities and genetic mutations present in MDS-SCs and their roles in initiating disease, including recent studies demonstrating patterns of clonal evolution and disease progression from pre-malignant HSCs to MDS-SCs. We also will discuss the pathways that have been described as drivers or promoters of disease, including hyperactivated innate immune signaling, and how the identification of these alterations in MDS-SC have led to investigations of novel therapeutic strategies to treat MDS. It is important to note that despite our increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of MDS, the molecular mechanisms that drive responses to therapy remain poorly understood, especially the mechanisms that underlie and distinguish hematologic improvement from reductions in blast burden. Ultimately, such distinctions will be required in order to determine the shared and/or unique molecular mechanisms that drive ineffective hematopoiesis, MDS-SC maintenance, and leukemic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhan
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher Y. Park
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Christopher Y. Park,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maia A, Wiemann S. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Implications for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3526. [PMID: 34298736 PMCID: PMC8307167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells do not exist as an isolated entity. Instead, they are surrounded by and closely interact with cells of the environment they are emerged in. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is not static and several factors, including cancer cells and therapies, have been described to modulate several of its components. Fibroblasts are key elements of the TME with the capacity to influence tumour progression, invasion and response to therapy, which makes them attractive targets in cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on fibroblasts and their numerous roles in the TME with a special attention to recent findings describing their heterogeneity and role in therapy response. Furthermore, we explore how different therapies can impact these cells and their communication with cancer cells. Finally, we highlight potential strategies targeting this cell type that can be employed for improving patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maia
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Khare T, Bissonnette M, Khare S. CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 Axis in Colorectal Cancer: Therapeutic Target in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147371. [PMID: 34298991 PMCID: PMC8305488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote cancer growth, metastasis, and regulate resistance to chemotherapy. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), a prognostic factor, is an extracellular homeostatic chemokine that is the natural ligand for chemokine receptors C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), also known as fusin or cluster of differentiation 184 (CD184) and chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7). CXCR4 is the most widely expressed rhodopsin-like G protein coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR). The CXCL12–CXCR4 axis is involved in tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). CXCR7, recently termed as atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), is amongst the G protein coupled cell surface receptor family that is also commonly expressed in a large variety of cancer cells. CXCR7, like CXCR4, regulates immunity, angiogenesis, stem cell trafficking, cell growth and organ-specific metastases. CXCR4 and CXCR7 are expressed individually or together, depending on the tumor type. When expressed together, CXCR4 and CXCR7 can form homo- or hetero-dimers. Homo- and hetero-dimerization of CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 alter their signaling activity. Only few drugs have been approved for clinical use targeting CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis. Several CXCR4 inhibitors are in clinical trials for solid tumor treatment with limited success whereas CXCR7-specific inhibitors are still in preclinical studies for CRC. This review focuses on current knowledge of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, with emphasis on targeting the CXCL12–CXCR4/CXCR7 axis as a treatment strategy for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Sharad Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-573-884-8904; Fax: +1-573-885-4595
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fang H, Cavaliere A, Li Z, Huang Y, Marquez-Nostra B. Preclinical Advances in Theranostics for the Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627693. [PMID: 33986665 PMCID: PMC8111013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The heterogeneity of breast cancer and drug resistance to therapies make the diagnosis and treatment difficult. Molecular imaging methods with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) provide useful tools to diagnose, predict, and monitor the response of therapy, contributing to precision medicine for breast cancer patients. Recently, many efforts have been made to find new targets for breast cancer therapy to overcome resistance to standard of care treatments, giving rise to new therapeutic agents to offer more options for patients with breast cancer. The combination of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies forms the foundation of theranostics. Some of these theranostic agents exhibit high potential to be translated to clinic. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in theranostics of the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer in preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Fang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Alessandra Cavaliere
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ziqi Li
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bernadette Marquez-Nostra
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ito S, Sato T, Maeta T. Role and Therapeutic Targeting of SDF-1α/CXCR4 Axis in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081793. [PMID: 33918655 PMCID: PMC8069569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis plays crucial roles in proliferation, survival, invasion, dissemination, and drug resistance in multiple myeloma. This review summarizes the pleiotropic role of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in multiple myeloma and introduces the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis-targeted therapies in multiple myeloma. Abstract The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a pleiotropic chemokine receptor that is expressed in not only normal hematopoietic cells but also multiple myeloma cells. Its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) is produced in the bone marrow microenvironment. The SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis plays a pivotal role in the major physiological processes associated with tumor proliferation, survival, invasion, dissemination, and drug resistance in myeloma cells. This review summarizes the pleiotropic role of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in multiple myeloma and discusses the future perspective in the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis-targeted therapies in multiple myeloma.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kreps LM, Addison CL. Targeting Intercellular Communication in the Bone Microenvironment to Prevent Disseminated Tumor Cell Escape from Dormancy and Bone Metastatic Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062911. [PMID: 33805598 PMCID: PMC7998601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis to the bone is a common feature of many cancers including those of the breast, prostate, lung, thyroid and kidney. Once tumors metastasize to the bone, they are essentially incurable. Bone metastasis is a complex process involving not only intravasation of tumor cells from the primary tumor into circulation, but extravasation from circulation into the bone where they meet an environment that is generally suppressive of their growth. The bone microenvironment can inhibit the growth of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) by inducing dormancy of the DTC directly and later on following formation of a micrometastatic tumour mass by inhibiting metastatic processes including angiogenesis, bone remodeling and immunosuppressive cell functions. In this review we will highlight some of the mechanisms mediating DTC dormancy and the complex relationships which occur between tumor cells and bone resident cells in the bone metastatic microenvironment. These inter-cellular interactions may be important targets to consider for development of novel effective therapies for the prevention or treatment of bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Kreps
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Christina L. Addison
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-7700
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ham IH, Lee D, Hur H. Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Induced Resistance to Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1172. [PMID: 33803229 PMCID: PMC7963167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in resistance to therapies for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers has emerged. Clinical studies focusing on GI cancers have revealed that the high expression of CAF-related molecules within tumors is significantly correlated with unfavorable therapeutic outcomes; however, the exact mechanisms whereby CAFs enhance resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in GI cancers remain unclear. The cells of origin of CAFs in GI cancers include normal resident fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, and even epithelial cells. CAFs accumulated within GI cancers produce cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors involved in resistance to therapies. CAF-derived exosomes can be engaged in stroma-related resistance to treatments, and several non-coding RNAs, such as miR-92a, miR-106b, CCAL, and H19, are present in CAF-derived exosomes and transferred to GI cancer cells. The CAF-induced desmoplastic reaction interferes with drug delivery to GI cancer cells, evoking resistance to chemotherapy. However, due to the heterogeneity of CAFs in GI cancers, identifying the exact mechanism underlying CAF-induced resistance may be difficult. Recent advancements in single-cell "omics" technologies could offer clues for revealing the specific subtypes and biomarkers related to resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Ham
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (I.-H.H.); (D.L.)
- Infamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Dagyeong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (I.-H.H.); (D.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hoon Hur
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (I.-H.H.); (D.L.)
- Infamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fairfield H, Costa S, Falank C, Farrell M, Murphy CS, D’Amico A, Driscoll H, Reagan MR. Multiple Myeloma Cells Alter Adipogenesis, Increase Senescence-Related and Inflammatory Gene Transcript Expression, and Alter Metabolism in Preadipocytes. Front Oncol 2021; 10:584683. [PMID: 33680918 PMCID: PMC7930573 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.584683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the bone marrow microenvironment, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an essential precursor to bone marrow adipocytes and osteoblasts. The balance between this progenitor pool and mature cells (adipocytes and osteoblasts) is often skewed by disease and aging. In multiple myeloma (MM), a cancer of the plasma cell that predominantly grows within the bone marrow, as well as other cancers, MSCs, preadipocytes, and adipocytes have been shown to directly support tumor cell survival and proliferation. Increasing evidence supports the idea that MM-associated MSCs are distinct from healthy MSCs, and their gene expression profiles may be predictive of myeloma patient outcomes. Here we directly investigate how MM cells affect the differentiation capacity and gene expression profiles of preadipocytes and bone marrow MSCs. Our studies reveal that MM.1S cells cause a marked decrease in lipid accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Also, MM.1S cells or MM.1S-conditioned media altered gene expression profiles of both 3T3-L1 and mouse bone marrow MSCs. 3T3-L1 cells exposed to MM.1S cells before adipogenic differentiation displayed gene expression changes leading to significantly altered pathways involved in steroid biosynthesis, the cell cycle, and metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis) after adipogenesis. MM.1S cells induced a marked increase in 3T3-L1 expression of MM-supportive genes including Il-6 and Cxcl12 (SDF1), which was confirmed in mouse MSCs by qRT-PCR, suggesting a forward-feedback mechanism. In vitro experiments revealed that indirect MM exposure prior to differentiation drives a senescent-like phenotype in differentiating MSCs, and this trend was confirmed in MM-associated MSCs compared to MSCs from normal donors. In direct co-culture, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) exposed to MM.1S, RPMI-8226, and OPM-2 prior to and during differentiation, exhibited different levels of lipid accumulation as well as secreted cytokines. Combined, our results suggest that MM cells can inhibit adipogenic differentiation while stimulating expression of the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and other pro-myeloma molecules. This study provides insight into a novel way in which MM cells manipulate their microenvironment by altering the expression of supportive cytokines and skewing the cellular diversity of the marrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Samantha Costa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Mariah Farrell
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Biology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Connor S. Murphy
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Anastasia D’Amico
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Biology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Heather Driscoll
- Biology Department, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, United States
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States,Biology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States,*Correspondence: Michaela R. Reagan,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Treatment Strategies Considering Micro-Environment and Clonal Evolution in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020215. [PMID: 33435539 PMCID: PMC7827913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma is an uncurable hematological malignancy, although the prognosis of myeloma patients is getting better using proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immune modulatory drugs (IMiDs), monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), and cytotoxic agents. Drug resistance makes myeloma difficult to treat and it can be subdivided into two broad categories: de novo and acquired. De novo drug resistance is associated with the bone marrow microenvironment including bone marrow stromal cells, the vascular niche and endosteal niche. Acquired drug resistance is related to clonal evolution and non-genetic diversity. The initial treatment plays the most important role considering de novo and acquired drug resistance and should contain PIs, IMIDs, MoAbs, and autologous stem cell transplantation because these treatments improve the bone marrow microenvironment and might prevent clonal evolution via sustained deep response including minimal residual disease negativity. Abstract Multiple myeloma is an uncurable hematological malignancy because of obtained drug resistance. Microenvironment and clonal evolution induce myeloma cells to develop de novo and acquired drug resistance, respectively. Cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance, which is induced by the interaction between myeloma and bone marrow stromal cells, and soluble factor-mediated drug resistance, which is induced by cytokines and growth factors, are two types of de novo drug resistance. The microenvironment, including conditions such as hypoxia, vascular and endosteal niches, contributes toward de novo drug resistance. Clonal evolution was associated with acquired drug resistance and classified as branching, linear, and neutral evolutions. The branching evolution is dependent on the microenvironment and escape of immunological surveillance while the linear and neutral evolution is independent of the microenvironment and associated with aggressive recurrence and poor prognosis. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), monoclonal antibody agents (MoAbs), and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have improved prognosis of myeloma via improvement of the microenvironment. The initial treatment plays the most important role considering de novo and acquired drug resistance and should contain PIs, IMIDs, MoAb and ASCT. This review summarizes the role of anti-myeloma agents for microenvironment and clonal evolution and treatment strategies to overcome drug resistance.
Collapse
|
28
|
Shi Y, Riese DJ, Shen J. The Role of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 Chemokine Axis in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:574667. [PMID: 33363463 PMCID: PMC7753359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.574667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small, secreted cytokines which regulate a variety of cell functions. The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) binds to C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7). The interaction of CXCL12 and its receptors subsequently induces downstream signaling pathways with broad effects on chemotaxis, cell proliferation, migration, and gene expression. Accumulating evidence suggests that the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis plays a pivotal role in tumor development, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor microenvironment. In addition, this chemokine axis promotes chemoresistance in cancer therapy via complex crosstalk with other pathways. Multiple small molecules targeting CXCR4/CXCR7 have been developed and used for preclinical and clinical cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in cancer progression and summarize strategies to develop novel targeted cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Federico C, Alhallak K, Sun J, Duncan K, Azab F, Sudlow GP, de la Puente P, Muz B, Kapoor V, Zhang L, Yuan F, Markovic M, Kotsybar J, Wasden K, Guenthner N, Gurley S, King J, Kohnen D, Salama NN, Thotala D, Hallahan DE, Vij R, DiPersio JF, Achilefu S, Azab AK. Tumor microenvironment-targeted nanoparticles loaded with bortezomib and ROCK inhibitor improve efficacy in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6037. [PMID: 33247158 PMCID: PMC7699624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance and dose-limiting toxicities are significant barriers for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) plays a major role in drug resistance in MM. Drug delivery with targeted nanoparticles have been shown to improve specificity and efficacy and reduce toxicity. We aim to improve treatments for MM by (1) using nanoparticle delivery to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity; (2) targeting the tumor-associated endothelium for specific delivery of the cargo to the tumor area, and (3) synchronizing the delivery of chemotherapy (bortezomib; BTZ) and BMME-disrupting agents (ROCK inhibitor) to overcome BMME-induced drug resistance. We find that targeting the BMME with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1)-targeted BTZ and ROCK inhibitor-loaded liposomes is more effective than free drugs, non-targeted liposomes, and single-agent controls and reduces severe BTZ-associated side effects. These results support the use of PSGL-1-targeted multi-drug and even non-targeted liposomal BTZ formulations for the enhancement of patient outcome in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Federico
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kinan Alhallak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen Duncan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feda Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gail P Sudlow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vaishali Kapoor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luna Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fangzheng Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matea Markovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph Kotsybar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine Wasden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole Guenthner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shannon Gurley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin King
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Kohnen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Noha N Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dinesh Thotala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dennis E Hallahan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ravi Vij
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Initially identified as a T lymphocyte-elicited inhibitor of macrophage motility, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has since been found to be expressed by nearly every immune cell type examined and overexpressed in most solid and hematogenous malignant cancers. It is localized to both extracellular and intracellular compartments and physically interacts with more than a dozen different cell surface and intracellular proteins. Although classically associated with and characterized as a mediator of pro-inflammatory innate immune responses, more recent studies demonstrate that, in malignant disease settings, MIF contributes to anti-inflammatory, immune evasive, and immune tolerant phenotypes in both innate and adaptive immune cell types. This review will summarize the studies describing MIF in tumor-specific innate and adaptive immune responses and attempt to reconcile these various pleiotropic functions in normal physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T. Noe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- J.G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Robert A. Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- J.G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Immunotherapy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li L, Chai Y, Wu C, Zhao L. Chemokine receptor CXCR4: An important player affecting the molecular-targeted drugs commonly used in hematological malignancies. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:1387-1396. [PMID: 33170753 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1839885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A variety of molecular-targeted drugs have been widely used in hematological malignancies and have shown great advances. Nevertheless, as the use of drugs in clinical practice increases, the problem of relapse or of the disease being refractory to treatment is becoming apparent. This problem is closely related to the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). AREAS COVERED This review focuses mainly on the effect of CXCR4 on molecular-targeted drug resistance in hematological malignancies as well as the clinical efficacy of CXCR4 antagonists combined with molecular-targeted drugs. Relevant literatures published between 2006 and 2020 were searched using PubMed/Medline for this review. EXPERT OPINION Monoclonal antibodies and non-antibody molecular-targeted drugs provide new therapeutic approaches for B-lineage malignancies and leukemia, but the clinical activity of these drugs is affected by CXCR4. In general, high CXCR4 expression or mutation inhibits the effects of molecular-targeted drugs, but there are exceptions, and in studies of proteasome inhibitors bortezomib (Bz) in multiple myeloma (MM), low CXCR4 expression or loss of CXCR4 was associated with Bz resistance (BzR) and poor treatment outcomes. Given that CXCR4 is a critical mediator of molecular-targeted drug resistance, numerous studies have combined molecular-targeted drugs with CXCR4 antagonists, which synergistically enhance the anti-proliferative/pro-apoptotic effect of molecular-targeted drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ye Chai
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - ChongYang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cheng Y, Sun F, D'Souza A, Dhakal B, Pisano M, Chhabra S, Stolley M, Hari P, Janz S. Autonomic nervous system control of multiple myeloma. Blood Rev 2020; 46:100741. [PMID: 32807576 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), which consists of antagonistic sympathetic (adrenergic) and parasympathetic (cholinergic) arms, has emerged as an important regulator of neoplastic development, yet little is known about its role in multiple myeloma (MM). Clinical findings that anti-adrenergic β-blocker intake reduces risk of disease-specific death and overall mortality in patients with MM have indicated that adrenergic input may worsen myeloma outcome. However, preclinical studies using β-adrenergic receptor agonists or antagonists produced controversial results as to whether sympathetic pathways promote or inhibit myeloma. Retrospective outcome data demonstrating that high message levels of cholinergic receptor genes predict inferior survival in the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation CoMMpass trial suggest that parasympathetic input may drive myeloma progression in a subset of patients. Here we review the ill-defined role of the ANS in MM, put myeloma in the context of other cancers, and discuss knowledge gaps that may afford exciting research opportunities going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Fumou Sun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Anita D'Souza
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Binod Dhakal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Michael Pisano
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Saurabh Chhabra
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Melinda Stolley
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The success of targeted therapies and immunotherapies has created optimism that cancers may be curable. However, not all patients respond, drug resistance is common and many patients relapse owing to dormant cancer cells. These rare and elusive cells can disseminate early and hide in specialized niches in distant organs before being reactivated to cause disease relapse after successful treatment of the primary tumour. Despite their importance, we are yet to leverage knowledge generated from experimental models and translate the potential of targeting dormant cancer cells to prevent disease relapse in the clinic. This is due, at least in part, to the lack of adherence to consensus definitions by researchers, limited models that faithfully recapitulate this stage of metastatic spread and an absence of interdisciplinary approaches. However, the application of new high-resolution, single-cell technologies is starting to revolutionize the field and transcend classical reductionist models of studying individual cell types or genes in isolation to provide a global view of the complex underlying cellular ecosystem and transcriptional landscape that controls dormancy. In this Perspective, we synthesize some of these recent advances to describe the hallmarks of cancer cell dormancy and how the dormant cancer cell life cycle offers opportunities to target not only the cancer but also its environment to achieve a durable cure for seemingly incurable cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tri Giang Phan
- Immunology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter I Croucher
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Méndez-Ferrer S, Bonnet D, Steensma DP, Hasserjian RP, Ghobrial IM, Gribben JG, Andreeff M, Krause DS. Bone marrow niches in haematological malignancies. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:285-298. [PMID: 32112045 PMCID: PMC9912977 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Haematological malignancies were previously thought to be driven solely by genetic or epigenetic lesions within haematopoietic cells. However, the niches that maintain and regulate daily production of blood and immune cells are now increasingly being recognized as having an important role in the pathogenesis and chemoresistance of haematological malignancies. Within haematopoietic cells, the accumulation of a small number of recurrent mutations initiates malignancy. Concomitantly, specific alterations of the niches, which support haematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, can act as predisposition events, facilitating mutant haematopoietic cell survival and expansion as well as contributing to malignancy progression and providing protection of malignant cells from chemotherapy, ultimately leading to relapse. In this Perspective, we summarize our current understanding of the composition and function of the specialized haematopoietic niches of the bone marrow during health and disease. We discuss disease mechanisms (rather than malignancy subtypes) to provide a comprehensive description of key niche-associated pathways that are shared across multiple haematological malignancies. These mechanisms include primary driver mutations in bone marrow niche cells, changes associated with increased hypoxia, angiogenesis and inflammation as well as metabolic reprogramming by stromal niche cells. Consequently, remodelling of bone marrow niches can facilitate immune evasion and activation of survival pathways favouring malignant haematopoietic cell maintenance, defence against excessive reactive oxygen species and protection from chemotherapy. Lastly, we suggest guidelines for the handling and biobanking of patient samples and analysis of the niche to ensure that basic research identifying therapeutic targets can be more efficiently translated to the clinic. The hope is that integrating knowledge of how bone marrow niches contribute to haematological disease predisposition, initiation, progression and response to therapy into future clinical practice will likely improve the treatment of these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - David P Steensma
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Center for Prevention of Progression of Blood Cancers, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert P Hasserjian
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Center for Prevention of Progression of Blood Cancers, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John G Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniela S Krause
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Z, Guo SL, Wang WL. Efficacy of ixazomib for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20211. [PMID: 32443346 PMCID: PMC7253538 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past years, ixazomib has been increasingly explored for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, its results are still contradictory. This study will explore the efficacy and safety of ixazomib for patients with RRMM. METHODS A systematic records search of Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, ACMD, PsycINFO, WANGFANG, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure will be carried out from their origin to March 31, 2020 with no limitations of language and publication status. Trials will be selected by titles/abstracts, and full manuscripts by 2 independent authors. Data collection will be carried out from eligible trials based on the previous designed criteria. Study quality will be checked using Cochrane risk of bias, and statistical analysis will be administered by RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS This study will summarize the current high-quality trials investigating the efficacy and safety of ixazomib for the treatment of patients with RRMM. CONCLUSION The results of this study may provide convinced evidence on the evidence-based medicine level, and guidance for clinical practice and future studies. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202040027.
Collapse
|
36
|
Deng L, Meng T, Chen L, Wei W, Wang P. The role of ubiquitination in tumorigenesis and targeted drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:11. [PMID: 32296023 PMCID: PMC7048745 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the "quantity" and "quality" of various proteins, serving to ensure cell homeostasis and guarantee life activities. The regulation of ubiquitination is multifaceted and works not only at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels (phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, etc.) but also at the protein level (activators or repressors). When regulatory mechanisms are aberrant, the altered biological processes may subsequently induce serious human diseases, especially various types of cancer. In tumorigenesis, the altered biological processes involve tumor metabolism, the immunological tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer stem cell (CSC) stemness and so on. With regard to tumor metabolism, the ubiquitination of some key proteins such as RagA, mTOR, PTEN, AKT, c-Myc and P53 significantly regulates the activity of the mTORC1, AMPK and PTEN-AKT signaling pathways. In addition, ubiquitination in the TLR, RLR and STING-dependent signaling pathways also modulates the TME. Moreover, the ubiquitination of core stem cell regulator triplets (Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2) and members of the Wnt and Hippo-YAP signaling pathways participates in the maintenance of CSC stemness. Based on the altered components, including the proteasome, E3 ligases, E1, E2 and deubiquitinases (DUBs), many molecular targeted drugs have been developed to combat cancer. Among them, small molecule inhibitors targeting the proteasome, such as bortezomib, carfilzomib, oprozomib and ixazomib, have achieved tangible success. In addition, MLN7243 and MLN4924 (targeting the E1 enzyme), Leucettamol A and CC0651 (targeting the E2 enzyme), nutlin and MI-219 (targeting the E3 enzyme), and compounds G5 and F6 (targeting DUB activity) have also shown potential in preclinical cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in understanding the substrates for ubiquitination and their special functions in tumor metabolism regulation, TME modulation and CSC stemness maintenance. Moreover, potential therapeutic targets for cancer are reviewed, as are the therapeutic effects of targeted drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Tong Meng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Laboratory Safety and Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|