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Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents: the weight disorder survey of the Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Disease (CASPIAN)-IV study. Br J Nutr 2018; 121:340-350. [PMID: 30507370 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), a validated tool for evaluating diet-associated inflammation, and anthropometric indices in children and adolescents. This multicentre survey was conducted on 5427 school students selected via multistage cluster sampling from thirty provinces of Iran. This survey was conducted under the framework of the weight disorders survey, which is part of a national surveillance programme entitled Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Diseases-IV. For calculating the DII scores, twenty-five dietary factors were obtained from a validated 168-item FFQ. Height, weight, wrist circumference, neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were measured. BMI z-score, waist circumference:hip circumference ratio (WHR), waist circumference:height ratio (WHtR) and parental BMI were computed. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of DII and anthropometric indices. Significant trends were observed across quartiles of DII score for all anthropometric indices in all participants (P <0·05), except for WHR and WHtR. After adjustment for potential confounders, the multiple linear regression analysis for each anthropometric index revealed that participants in the highest DII quartile had higher BMI z-score, WC, HC and parental BMI compared with those in the first (or lowest) quartile. In summary, we found that a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with higher BMI z-score, wrist circumference, NC, WC, HC and parental BMI. The large sample size of the present study may influence the statistical significance of observed associations. Hence, the findings should be clinically interpreted with caution.
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Mærkedahl RB, Frøkiær H, Stenbæk MG, Nielsen CB, Lind MV, Lundtoft C, Bohr MB, Ibrügger S, Metzdorff SB, Vestergaard H, Pedersen O, Lauritzen L. In VivoandEx VivoInflammatory Markers of Common Metabolic Phenotypes in Humans. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:29-39. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanne Frøkiær
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marie Grøntved Stenbæk
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Camilla Betak Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mads V. Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christian Lundtoft
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marietta Boje Bohr
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sabine Ibrügger
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stine Broeng Metzdorff
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Lee M, Sorn SR, Park Y, Park HK. Anthocyanin Rich-Black Soybean Testa Improved Visceral Fat and Plasma Lipid Profiles in Overweight/Obese Korean Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Food 2016; 19:995-1003. [PMID: 27809637 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin-rich black soybeans have been used in traditional East Asian medicine to cure diseases related to oxidative stress and carcinogens, but not obesity. Our objective was to investigate the effects of anthocyanin-rich black soybean testa extracts (BBT), Glycine max (Chongja No. 3), on obesity. In total, 63 participants defined as overweight or obese by their body mass index (BMI >23) or waist circumference (WC >90 cm for males, >85 cm for females) were sorted into two groups: 32 receiving the trial medication (BBT, 2.5 g/d) and 31 receiving the placebo (starch, 2.5 g/d). Participants completed an 8-week, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. There were no significant differences between the two groups at the beginning of the trial, and both required the same safety assessments. Significant decreases in abdominal fat, described according to WC and hip circumference, and lipid profiles such as triacylglycerols (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLc) were observed in the BBT group at the conclusion of the clinical trial. The indicators for arteriosclerosis such as total cholesterol (TC)/HDLc and LDLc/HDLc were significantly decreased in the BBT group, but had not changed in the placebo group. With no difference between the two groups in energy-adjusted dietary intakes and physical activity, BBT was shown to strongly improve plasma lipid profiles, related to the reduction of WC (an indicator of abdominal fat) as long as high dietary fiber and low cholesterol diets were maintained. In conclusion, BBT can potentially be developed as a functional food for preventing abdominal obesity with high fiber and low cholesterol diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungsook Lee
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University , Seoul, Korea
- 2 Research Institute of Obesity Science, Sungshin Women's University , Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yongsoon Park
- 4 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon-Ki Park
- 5 Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul, Korea
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Costa M, Garmendia ML, Corvalán C, Reyes M. The Presence and Duration of Overweight Are Associated with Low-Grade Inflammation in Prepubertal Chilean Children. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:449-454. [PMID: 27478998 DOI: 10.1089/met.2016.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight is associated with low-grade inflammation, but it is under debate whether the effect of fat mass accumulation is acute or chronic. We aimed to study the association of overweight duration with low-grade inflammation in children in whom overweight initiation can be established. METHODS Observational longitudinal study, including a subsample of 250 Chilean children from the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study followed-up yearly since preschool age (n = 1195). At 4 years, 324 children provided blood. From those, 272 participants were evaluated at 7 years. The current analysis includes 250 children with a blood sample at 4 and 7 years of age and C-reactive protein (CRP) <5 mg/L. Anthropometric data (0-4 years) were obtained from health records and measured thereafter; sex- and age-specific body mass index Z-scores (BAZ) were computed. Among overweight (BAZ ≥ 1) participants at 7 years, the duration of overweight (time since diagnosis) was computed and categorized according to tertiles: <36, 36-<72, or ≥72 months. The independent association between overweight (diagnosis and duration) and low-grade inflammation (CRP ≥ 1 mg/L) was studied (logistic regression models). RESULTS Overweight was associated with CRP ≥ 1 mg/L at 7 years [odds ratio (OR) = 2.93 confidence interval (95% CI = 1.60-5.38)], but not at 4 years [OR = 1.26 (95% CI = 0.71-2.26)]. An overweight duration <36 m was independently associated with CRP ≥ 1 mg/L [OR = 3.53 (95% CI = 1.21-10.28)] (reference = normal weight), whereas longer overweight durations (36-<72 or ≥72 m) were not associated with CRP ≥ 1 mg/L [OR = 1.35 (95% CI = 0.41-4.40) and OR = 1.21 (95% CI = 0.35-4.18), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Overweight at 7 years of age was associated with low-grade inflammation only in the case of recent onset. Inflammatory disturbances may be associated with the early phases of excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magel Costa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Reyes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
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Amir D, Jordan MR, Bribiescas RG. A Longitudinal Assessment of Associations between Adolescent Environment, Adversity Perception, and Economic Status on Fertility and Age of Menarche. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155883. [PMID: 27249338 PMCID: PMC4889152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Perceptions of environmental adversity and access to economic resources in adolescence can theoretically affect the timing of life history transitions and investment in reproductive effort. Here we present evidence of correlations between variables associated with subjective extrinsic mortality, economic status, and reproductive effort in a nationally representative American population of young adults. Methods We used a longitudinal database that sampled American participants (N ≥ 1,579) at four points during early adolescence and early adulthood to test whether perceptions of environmental adversity and early economic status were associated with reproductive effort. Results We found that subjectively high ratings of environmental danger and low access to economic resources in adolescence were significantly associated with an earlier age of menarche in girls and earlier, more robust fertility in young adulthood. Conclusion While energetics and somatic condition remain as possible sources of variation, the results of this study support the hypothesis that perceptions of adversity early in life and limited access to economic resources are associated with differences in reproductive effort and scheduling. How these factors may covary with energetics and somatic condition merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Amir
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew R. Jordan
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Richard G. Bribiescas
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Clancy KB, Baerwald AR, Pierson RA. Cycle-phase dependent associations between CRP, leptin, and reproductive hormones in an urban, Canadian sample. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 160:389-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn B.H. Clancy
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Endocrinology, Department of Anthropology; University of Illinois; Urbana IL 61801
| | - Angela R. Baerwald
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada S7N0W8
| | - Roger A. Pierson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada S7N0W8
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Lorenz TK, Worthman CM, Vitzthum VJ. Links among inflammation, sexual activity and ovulation: Evolutionary trade-offs and clinical implications. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 2015:304-24. [PMID: 26675298 PMCID: PMC4681377 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in healthy sexually active women decreased at midcycle, around ovulation, which may have evolved to promote conception. Background and objectives: We examined a mechanism that may coordinate trade-offs between reproduction and immune response in healthy women, namely, changes in inflammation across the ovarian cycle. Methodology: We investigated C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker, across two consecutive ovarian cycles in 61 Bolivian women. Participants provided saliva samples every other day, and dried blood spots on 5–6 days spread across weeks 2–3 of each cycle. Cycles were characterized as ovulatory/anovulatory based on profiles of reproductive hormones. Participants also reported whether they were sexually partnered with a male or sexually abstinent during the study. Results: High early-cycle, but not late-cycle, CRP was associated with anovulation. High inflammation at the end of one cycle was not associated with anovulation in the subsequent cycle. Among ovulatory cycles, women with sexual partners had significantly lower CRP at midcycle, and higher CRP at follicular and luteal phases; in contrast, sexually abstinent women had little cycle-related change in CRP. In anovulatory cycles, partnership had no effect on CRP. CRP varied significantly with socioeconomic status (higher in better-off than in poorer women). Conclusions and implications: These findings suggest that the cycle-specific effect of inflammation on ovarian function may be a flexible, adaptive mechanism for managing trade-offs between reproduction and immunity. Sociosexual behavior may moderate changes in inflammation across the ovarian cycle, suggesting that these shifts represent evolved mechanisms to manage the trade-offs between reproduction and immunity. Clinically, these findings support considering both menstrual cycle phase and sexual activity in evaluations of pre-menopausal women’s CRP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tierney K Lorenz
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Morrison Hall 313, 1165 E 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; The Center for Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Carol M Worthman
- Laboratory for Comparative Human Biology, Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 214 Anthropology, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Virginia J Vitzthum
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Morrison Hall 313, 1165 E 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; The Center for Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Evolutionary Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Student Building 130, 701 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Zubair N, Kuzawa CW, Lee NR, McDade TW, Adair LS. Clustering and determinants of cardiometabolic risk factors among Filipino young adults. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2014; 23:148-58. [PMID: 24561983 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With modernization, cardiometabolic disease risk has increased in low and middle-income countries. To better understand cardiometabolic disease etiology, we evaluated the patterning risk factors in a susceptible young adult population. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants included 1,621 individuals from the 2005 Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. Using cluster analysis, we grouped individuals by the following biomarkers: triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and fasting glucose. Using multinomial logistic regression models we assessed how diet, adiposity, and environment predicted cardiometabolic clusters. We identified 5 distinct sexspecific clusters: 1) Healthy/High HDL cholesterol (with the addition of high LDL cholesterol in women); 2) Healthy/Low blood pressure; 3) High blood pressure; 4) Insulin resistant/High triglycerides; and 5) High Creactive protein. Low HDL cholesterol was the most prevalent risk factor (63%). In men and women, a higher intake of saturated fat increased the likelihood of being in the healthy clusters. In men, poorer environmental hygiene increased the likelihood of being in the High C-reactive protein cluster, compared to the healthy clusters (OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.60-0.90] and 0.83 [0.70-0.99]). Adiposity most strongly associated with membership to the Insulin resistant/high triglyceride cluster. CONCLUSIONS Despite the population's youth and leanness, cluster analysis found patterns of cardiometabolic risk. While adiposity measures predicted clustering, diet and environment also independently predicted clustering, emphasizing the importance of screening lean and overweight individuals for cardiometabolic risk. Finding predictors of risk in early adulthood could help inform prevention efforts for future disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niha Zubair
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, 123 W Franklin St., Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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Clancy KBH, Baerwald AR, Pierson RA. Systemic inflammation is associated with ovarian follicular dynamics during the human menstrual cycle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64807. [PMID: 23717660 PMCID: PMC3661529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian processes and the timing of ovulation are important predictors of both female fertility and reproductive pathology. Multiple waves of antral follicular development have been documented during the menstrual cycle in women. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of follicular waves and their clinical significance are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and follicular waves in healthy women. We wanted to determine whether follicular wave dynamics influence systemic inflammation, as ovarian activity increases local inflammatory processes and blood flow. We tested the hypothesis that women with 3 follicular waves would have higher CRP concentrations than those with 2 waves. We further hypothesized that a greater number of major waves (those with a dominant follicle) would be positively associated with CRP. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Thirty-nine healthy women underwent daily transvaginal ultrasound examinations for one interovulatory interval, as part of an earlier study. Serum was collected every 3 days during the interovulatory interval (IOI). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were conducted to quantify serum CRP concentrations. Women with 3 waves had higher average log CRP concentrations (n = 14, -0.43±0.35) over the IOI than those with 2 waves (n = 25, -0.82±0.47, p = 02). Average log CRP concentrations were greater in women with 3 (0.30±0.31) versus 1 (-0.71±0.55) or 2 (-0.91±0.47) major waves (p = 0.03). Greater average CRP over the IOI was attributed to greater CRP in the follicular, but not the luteal phase, of the IOI. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE A greater number of total antral follicular waves, in particular major waves, corresponded to greater serum concentrations of CRP. These findings suggest that women with a greater number of follicular waves exhibit greater tissue remodeling and therefore greater local and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn B H Clancy
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Endocrinology, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America.
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Zubair N, Kuzawa CW, McDade TW, Adair LS. Cluster analysis reveals important determinants of cardiometabolic risk patterns in Filipino women. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2012; 21:271-281. [PMID: 22507615 PMCID: PMC3469259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
With modernization, the Philippines has experienced increasing rates of obesity and related cardiometabolic diseases. Studying how risk factors cluster in individuals may offer insight into cardiometabolic disease etiology. We used cluster analysis to group women who share the following cardiometabolic biomarkers: fasting triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C, C-reactive protein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and fasting glucose. Participants included 1,768 women (36-69 years) in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. We identified five distinct clusters characterized by: 1) low levels of all risk factors (except HDL-C and LDL-C) or "healthy"; 2) low HDL-C in the absence of other risk factors; 3) elevated blood pressure; 4) insulin resistance; and 5) high C-reactive protein. We identified predictors of cluster membership using multinomial logistic regression. Clusters differed by age, menopausal status, socioeconomic status, saturated fat intake, and combinations of overweight (BMI >23) and high waist circumference (>80 cm). In comparison to the healthy cluster, overweight women without high waist circumference were more likely to be in the high CRP cluster (OR=2.26, 95% CI=1.24-4.11), while women with high waist circumference and not overweight were more likely to be in the elevated blood pressure (OR=2.56, 95% CI=1.20-5.46) or insulin resistant clusters (OR=4.05, 95% CI=1.39-11.8). In addition, a diet lower in saturated fat uniquely increased the likelihood of membership to the low HDL-C cluster. Cluster analysis identified biologically meaningful groups, predicted by modifiable risk factors; this may have implications for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niha Zubair
- Ph.D. Candidate, Nutrition Epidemiology. Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
| | - Chris W. Kuzawa
- Associate Professor. Departments of Anthropology and Cells to Society: The Center on Social Disparities and Health at the Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Thomas W. McDade
- Associate Professor, Faculty Fellow of the Institute for Policy Research, and Director of the Laboratory for Human Biology Research. Departments of Anthropology and Cells to Society: The Center on Social Disparities and Health at the Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Linda S. Adair
- Professor and Fellow of the Carolina Population Center. Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
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Curocichin G, Wu Y, McDade TW, Kuzawa CW, Borja JB, Qin L, Lange EM, Adair LS, Lange LA, Mohlke KL. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms at five loci are associated with C-reactive protein levels in a cohort of Filipino young adults. J Hum Genet 2011; 56:823-7. [PMID: 21937998 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2011.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a component of nonspecific immune defense and is a reliable marker of low-grade inflammation involved in obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Genome-wide association studies in middle-aged and elderly populations, predominantly of European descent, demonstrated associations of CRP levels with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at several loci. To examine whether the variants identified are replicated in Filipino young adults, we applied Tobit regression models to study the association of plasma CRP with 12 SNPs at seven loci in a cohort of 1691 Filipino young adults (aged 21.5±0.3 years) from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. SNPs in or near CRP (P=3.2 × 10(-11)), HNF1A, IL6R, APOE-APOC1 and LEPR showed significant associations (P<0.05) and together explained 4.8% of the total variation in CRP. Modest interactions were observed between LEPR-rs1892534 and waist circumference (uncorrected P(interaction)=0.020) and between APOE-rs769449 and pathogen exposure (uncorrected P(interaction)=0.0073) in models predicting CRP. Our results demonstrated that variants in several loci are significantly associated with plasma CRP in Filipino young adults, suggesting shared genetic influences on circulating CRP across populations and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghenadie Curocichin
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
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